Health 100 Chapter 3: Stress

Hypothalamus

-part of brain that functions as the control center for the sympathetic nervous system -stimulates the adrenal glands to release epinephrine, which causes more blood to be pumped, more oxygen to be taken up, and glucose to be released

percent of deaths related to stress

40%

percent of diseases related to stress

70%

general adaptation syndrome (GAS) phase 1

Alarm phase: -stressor disrupts body's stability, temporarily lowering resistance.

In which stage of general adaptation syndrome does the fight-or-flight response occur? -exhaustion stage -alarm stage -resistance stage -response stage

Alarm stage

Chronic Stress

an ongoing state of physiological arousal in response to ongoing or numerous perceived threats. During your first few days at a new job, you might experience this kind of stress.

Low stress levels mean...

body in homeostasis/operating smoothly

Psychosocial Stressors

daily routine and social environment stressors

What is helpful in managing your finances?

developing a realistic budget

Allostatic Load

exhaustive wear and tear on the body

What is the healthiest way to manage anger?

express it (without being aggressive)

Downshifting

involves a fundamental alteration in values and honest introspection about what is important in life.•

Eustress

is positive stress and can present opportunities for personal growth. Planning a wedding or major event or going on a first date are examples.

Acute Stress

is the short-term physiological response to an immediate perceived threat. When someone cuts in front of us on the freeway, for example, we take action to avoid the car immediately.

Episodic Acute Stress

is the state of regularly reacting with wild, acute stress to various situations.

Traumatic Stress

often a result of witnessing or experiencing events like major accidents, war, shootings, sexual violence, assault, or natural disasters. Effects of traumatic stress maybe felt for years after the event

When Jesse encounters a stressful situation he adapts well and tends to bounce back easily even though the same situation may derail others. What protective factor is Jesse exhibiting to deal with stress? -cognitive restructuring -type A personality -high self-esteem -psychological resilience

psychological resilience

The area of scientific investigation that analyzes the relationship between the mind's response to stress and the immune system's ability to function effectively is called... -psychoneuroimmunology -immunocompetence -psychoimmunology -psychology

psychoneuroimmunology

Distress

stress that can have a detrimental effect on health. We view it as negative stress. Examples may include taking an exam or not being able to pay one's monthly bills.

What happens when cortisol levels increase (most likely from prolonged stress)?

the hippocampus shrinks

The branch of the autonomic nervous system that is responsible for energizing the body for either fight or flight and for triggering many other stress responses is the... -central nervous system -parasympathetic nervous system -sympathetic nervous system -endocrine system

Sympathetic nervous system

How do you manage stress in college?

-Practice mental work to reduce stress -Develop a support network -Manage emotional response - Take physical action

Psychological Effects of Stress

-Stress may be one of the single greatest contributors to mental disability and emotional dysfunction in industrialized nations. -Studies have shown rates of mental disorder, particularly depression and anxiety, are associated with various environmental stressors. -The high incidence of suicide among college students is assumed to indicate high personal and societal stress in the lives of young people.

Intellectual affects of stress

-Stress may be the number one impediment to academic achievement. -Acute stress has been shown to impair short-term memory, particularly verbal memory. -Prolonged stress may be linked to cortisol (a key stress hormone), which shrinks the hippocampus. -Nearly half of all college students in a national survey felt overwhelmed by all they had to do.

A state of physical and mental exhaustion caused by excessive stress is called... -conflict -overload -hassles -burnout

Burnout

Even though Andre experience stressed when he graduated from college and moved to a new city, he viewed these changes as an opportunity for growth. What is Andre stress called? -Strain -Distress -Eustress -Adaptive response

Eustress

general adaptation syndrome (GAS) phase 3

Exhaustion phase: -body runs out if adaptation energy stores for adjusting to stressor -resistance drops below normal

Losing your keys is an example of what psychological source of stress? -Pressure -Inconsistent behaviors -Hassles -Conflict

Hassles

Which of the following statements is correct regarding factors that affect your stress response? -Type a individuals are characterized by anger and toxic core behaviors that inevitably lead to negative health outcomes -Individuals who thrive under challenges typically demonstrate qualities of hardiness and resilience -People with grit are those who are bull-headed and rigid and who typically experience negative health outcomes -People with high self efficacy typically have a little control over what happens to them; people with high self-esteem are typically much more in control of their environment in those with high self efficacy

Individuals who thrive under challenges typically demonstrate qualities of hardiness and resilience

Which of the following is the best strategy to avoid test taking anxiety on an exam? -Do the majority of your studying the night before the exam so it is still fresh in your mind -Plan ahead and study over period of time for the exam with a limited, yet thorough review the night before -Drink a caffeinated beverage right before the exam because sympathomimetics are known to reduce stress -Go through the exam as quickly as possible so you don't dwell on potential mistakes

Plan ahead and study over period of time for the exam with a limited, yet thorough review the night before

Why Do You Always Get Sick During Finals Week?

Prolonged stress can compromise the immune system, leaving you vulnerable to infection

general adaptation syndrome (GAS) phase 2

Resistance phase: -adaptation resources are mobilized to combat stressor -body maintains a higher level of resistance

Which of the following describes the stress-management strategy that focuses on improving self talk? -adaptation -conflict-resolution -self-compassion -meditation

Self-compassion

What is NOT recommended to help manage your time? -Clean off your desk. -Prioritize your tasks. -Work for long periods of time without breaks -Find a clean, comfortable place to work, and avoid interruptions. -Reward yourself for work completed. -Work when you're at your best. -Break overwhelming tasks into small pieces, and allocate a certain amount of time to each. -Remember that time is precious.

Work for long periods of time without breaks

Stressor

a physical, social, or psychological event or condition that upsets homeostasis and produces a stress response.

Stress

a real or imagined threat to one's being—leads to a series of physiological responses and adaptations.

What is NOT a way to manage anger? -express it -suppress it -act on it -calming it

act on it