Health 1020 - Chapter 1, 2 & 3
The acidic environment of the stomach is beneficial in
-Activating some digestive enzymes -Partially digesting protein -making dietary minerals soluble.
Which of the following illustrate the relationship between the immune system and nutritional status?
-An individual with HIV is at increased risk of contracting food-borne illness. -Populations in areas stricken by famine experience increased rate of infections -An individual with vitamin C Deficiency suffers from impaired wound healing.
Show the levels of organization of the human body by arranging the following terms from least complex(at top) to most complex (at the bottom)
-Cell -Tissue -Organ -Organ System
regularly ignoring the urge to defecate may lead to
-Constipation -Hemorrhoids
for dietary advice to be effective, it must be tailored to
-Cultural Preferences -Personal preferences
Lymph contains which of the following?
-Dietary Fats -Plasma -White blood cells
which of the following are components of urine
-Excess Vitamins -Water -Urea
These healthy habits help achieve a long vigorous life:
-Exercise regularly -Consuming fiber-rich foods. -Including fish in the diet. -Following a diet that is low in animal fat and trans fat.
Match the accessory organ with its digestive function
-Gallbladder=Stores bile -Pancreas= Manufactures hormones -Liver= Produces bile.
The RD credential indicates that the person
-Has completed rigorous clinical training in nutrition. -has completed rigorous classroom work in nutrition. -Participates in continuing education.
identify genetic variations that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease
-High levels of homocysteine in the blood. -A delay in the removal of cholesterol from the blood
identify the organs that work together to maintain the acid-base balance of the blood
-Lungs -Kidneys
Which of the following cell components are organelles?
-Lysosome -Mitochondrion
Which of the following are possible causes of acute diarrhea? Select all that apply.
-Microorganisms -Malabsorbed carbohydrates
identify symptoms of GERD
-Nausea -Hoarseness -Gagging
The protein food group includes
-Nuts -Fish -Navy beans -eggs
match the hormone with the gland or organ from which it is secreted
-Pancreas= Insulin & Glucagon -Adrenal glands = Epinephrine & norepinephrine -Pituitary gland= Growth hormone -Thyroid Gland = Thryroid hormone
Match the types of absorption with the correct method.
-Passive diffusion= Nutrients move from an area of higher concentration to one of a lower concentration without the aid of a carrier. -Facilitated Diffusion= Nutrients move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration with aid of a carrier protein. -Active absorption= Nutrients move from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration, which requires both a carrier protein and energy.
Which of the following substances are present in blood but are NOT present in lymph?
-Platelets -Red blood Cells
Which of the following are roles of the endocrine system?
-Produces Hormones -Plays a major role in the regulation of metabolism -Maintains water balance
Match each term with its role in preserving the genetic code:
-RNA= Transmits the genetic code from the nucleus to sites of protein synthesis within the cell. -DNA= Stores genetic code in the nucleus. -Chromosome= Genetic material which contains several genes. -Gene = Segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein.
Anthropometric measurements that help to determine nutritional status include:
-Skinfold thickness -Height -weight -body circumferences
During the clinical assessment of health status the health professional would
-Take blood pressure -examine the skin, eyes, and tongue. -search for physical evidence.
Identify the nutrients that support immune health.
-Vitamin C -Zinc -Vitamin A -Essential Fatty acids
Based on current research, what are the two factors needed for development of celiac disease?
-genetic predisposition to celiac disease -dietary exposure to gluten
which of the following are signs and symptoms of hemorrhoids? Select all that apply
-itching in the rectal area -pain with bowel movement -streaks of blood in the stool
In contrast to the small intestine, the large intestine:
-lacks digestive enzymes -has increased bacterial action -lacks villi
how are nutrition and genetics linked
-nutrients affect gene expression -genes determine nutrient requirements -genes influence development of some nutritional diseases
Digestive enzymes are very specific with regard to the:
-pH of the environment in which they function. -Vitamin or mineral co-factors they require to function. -Type of chemical reaction they catalyze.
energy for chemical reactions in the cells can be derived from
-protein -carbohydrates -fats
Name one of the primary taste sensations:
-sour -salty -sweet -bitter
Biochemical assessment of nutritional status involves the measurement of
-the activity of specific blood enzymes. -Nutrient by-products in the blood, urine, and feces -concentrations of nutrients in the body.
Select background factors that are important to consider when conducting an evaluation of nutritional health.
-weight history -current medications -current diseases -family health history -education level
Select all of the following volume measurements that are approximately equal to one liter.
1 quart 4 cups
Place the following parts of the Large intestine in order, from the time food matter enters from the small intestine until it exits the body.
1. cecum 2. ascending colon 3. transverse colon 4. descending colon 5. sigmoid colon
arrange the parts of the small intestine in order they appear in the GI tract (from top to bottom)
1. duodenum 2. jejunum 3. ileum
lace in order the pathway a food takes when swallowing, beginning with the food in the mouth.
1.Mouth 2.pharynx (throat) 3.epiglottis 4.esopghagus
Match the calorie cost for each of the nutrients in the following food:
10 grams Carbohydrates = 40kcal 5 grams Fat = 45kcal 4 grams Protein = 16kcal
which of the following accurately describes the scientific method?
A testing procedure designed to detect and eliminate error.
Name the high-energy compound generated by the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in the cells
ATP
The___in gastric juice destroys the biological activity of proteins, converts inactive digestive enzymes to their active form, partially digests good protein, and makes dietary minerals soluble so that they can be absorbed.
Acid
Gluten is naturally found in which of the following grains?
Barley Rye Wheat
since the small intestine does not have a protective layer of mucus, it protects it's walls from erosion by acid with the neutralizing capacity of ___ secreted by the pancreas.
Biocarbonate
The exchange of nutrients, oxygen, and waste products between the blood and the cells throughout the body occurs across the cells lining the:
Capillaries.
Regular physical activity reduces the risk of:
Cardiovascular Disease Obesity Type 2 Diabetes
A defective gene that delays cholesterol removal from the bloodstream and elevated levels of homocysteine are examples of genetic variations that increase an individual's risk for___
Cardiovascular disease
Self-contained, living structures that join together to form tissues are called ___.
Cells
Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals, and water are all:
Classes of nutrients
The adequate intake is based on the
Dietary intake of people that appear to be maintaining nutritional health.
The adequate intake is based on the
Dietary intakes of people that appear to be maintaining nutritional health.
Approximately 90% of cancers are related to
Environmental and lifestyle factors.
An organic substance lacks carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms in the chemical structure
False
True or false: there is a clear interrelationship between nutrition status and organ system function.
False
adipose tissue is the storage site for
Fat
Which of the following foods are rich in Phytochemicals?
Fruits Vegetables
Dana reports abdominal pain, gas, and bloating after eating, especially meals that are high in fat. She may have:
Gallstones
The brain relies primarily on___ for energy.
Glucose
The rapid fall in heart function caused by reduced blood flow through the heart's blood vessels where often a part of the heart dies is known as:
Heart Attack
When a scientist suggests a possible explanation for a natural phenomenon, that explanation is called a(n)
Hypothesis
Vitamin or Mineral toxicity is most likely a result from consuming
Individual vitamin and mineral supplements.
Fats are digested by:
Lipase
identify the part of the cell responsible for genetically controlling the actions that occur in the cell
Nucleus
Name the science that links food and health.
Nutrition
a compartment particle or filament that performs a specialized function within a cell is called
Organelle
The ___ and the small intestine produce most of the digestive enzymes.
Pancreas
for several months, clayton has been experiencing gnawing pain in his abdomen about 2 hours after eating. This morning, he felt ill and vomited what looked like coffee grounds. Which of the following is a likely explanation for his condition?
Peptic ulcer
The contraction of muscles in the esophagus is called
Peristalsis
the mitochondria are sometimes called the ___of the cell
Powerhouses
amylase is the enzyme needed to digest
Starch
The ___ is the organ in which chyme is formed during digestion.
Stomach
depending on the contents of a meal, the___ contents are emptied into the small intestine over the course of 1 to 4 hours
Stomach
Match the organ with the primary nutrient absorbed there.
Stomach = some alcohol (about 20%) Small intestine = glucose, vitamins, bile acids Large intestine = potassium & sodium
A change in health status, such as fatigue, which is reported by the patient , is known as a(n)
Symptom
What distinguishes the portal vein from other veins in the body?
The portal vein transports blood to the liver rather than directly to the heart.
Vitamins help to enable chemical reactions in the body:
True
The kidneys, bladder, and ureters make up the ___System.
Urinary.
Which of the following are strategies that may help to prevent weight gain? Select all that apply:
Work for an employer with a wellness program Find a workout partner Snack on raw vegetables instead of chips
Which of the following characteristics of nutrition claims can serve as "red flags" that signal nutrition advice? Select all that apply.
_Recommendations based on a single study -Recommendations that promise a quick fix. -Claims that sound too good to be true.
urea refers to
a nitrogenous waste product of protein metabolism that must be excreted in the urine.
Vitamins and minerals support metabolism by:
contributing to enzyme activity
