Health 231
Which of the following is TRUE about primary aggression?
It is goal-directed, hostile self-assertion that is destructive in nature
Which of the following is TRUE about reactive aggression?
It is most often an emotional reaction to frustrating life experiences
Which of the following statements about self-esteem is FALSE?
Protecting children from failure may boost their ability to persist in the face of difficulties
Which of the following statements about guns in America is true?
Some researchers believe that there are more guns in the United States than there are people
One of the most important goals of Healthy People 2020 is to
eliminate health disparities and improve the health of all population groups
Healthy People 2020 is a plan designed to
improve the quality of life and years of life for all Americans
Studies associate mindfulness with
improvements in memory
Health promotion
includes policies, programs, and financial support for initiatives that promote health
The most common sleep disorder is
insomnia
Jealousy can be based on all of the following EXCEPT
intense devotion
Through our relationships with others, we fulfill our needs for
intimacy, social integration, and nurturance
Campus law enforcement officers now have
more staff and increased authority to prosecute offenders.
A person's bone structure is an example of a(n)
nonmodifiable determinant
Having unprotected sex is considered a
risk behavior
Which of the following groups of Americans is most likely to unintentionally fall asleep during the day?
those between the ages of 18 and 25
Predictability is a fundamental element of
trust
The positive aspects of a person's life, such being satisfied with life in general and having positive emotions, determines one's sense of
well-being
Manuela joined a group exercise class. Her instructor, who was formerly inactive and overweight, participates with the class and also shares personal fitness strategies. In class, Manuela tries to emulate her instructor's moves, and she has also become more physically active as part of her daily routine. Which technique is Manuela using to reach her goal of becoming more fit?
modeling
You really want to buy an expensive software program to help you with coursework, but your credit cards are maxed out and the rent is due next week. Which type of stressor is this?
money
Mrs. J. is trying to get her third-grade students to remember to have their homework signed by a parent before bringing it to class. Students who remember every day for a month receive a gift card from a local bookstore. This is an example of a(n)
possessional reinforcer
To successfully change a behavior, a person must recognize that change is a(n)
process that occurs in stages
Jose's belief that he can successfully pass his biology midterm is an example of
self-efficacy
The thought, "I don't have enough time!" is an example of
self-talk
During a sleep study, a person spends the night in a sleep lab, and his or her body functions are monitored by
sensors and electrodes
Based on a recent cholesterol screening, Marlon decided that he has to stop eating so much fast food and get more exercise. Between work and school, his free time is limited, but he is determined to lower his cholesterol level and improve his overall health. The best way for Marlon to stay motivated to improve his diet and work out regularly is to
set reasonable short- and long-term goals and reward himself for meeting them
Pearl confides that, at a frat party, she was forced to have sex and did not consent; this is an example of
sexual assault.
A woman often remains a victim of intimate partner violence because
she fears retaliation against herself or her children
Which of the following contributed to increased life expectancy in the early twentieth century?
vaccinations and antibiotics
How much sleep do newborns need daily?
16 to 18 hours
Which of the following statements about campus violence is true?
Almost 2 percent of college males report having been in a physically abusive relationship.
Which of the following statements is FALSE concerning emotional health?
An emotionally healthy person keeps feelings inside to avoid burdening others
Which of the following is TRUE about major depression in college students?
International students are especially vulnerable to depression.
Which of the following is TRUE about stalking?
It can occur online
Which of the following is an example of a SMART goal?
Reduce my weekend alcohol consumption from 4 or more drinks per night to no more than 3 drinks per night.
Which of the following is TRUE about marital rape?
Several states may treat marital rape as a lesser crime
Which of the following would NOT be considered a hate crime?
Which of the following would NOT be considered a hate crime?
Which of the following situations might contribute to impaired immune function?
Your grandmother moves in with your family after being hospitalized due to a stroke
Alicia has been experiencing persistent sadness, despair, and hopelessness. She is displaying symptoms of
a chronic mood disorder
The definition of the term family
changes over time
Chronic stress may cause structural degeneration and impaired function of the brain, increasing the risk for all of the following EXCEPT
meningitis
Washing your hands before eating is an example of disease
prevention
Jake is being treated for depression by a medical doctor who provides talk therapy and has also prescribed medication for his condition. Which type of mental health professional is Jake seeing?
psychiatrist
Which phase of the cycle of violence is called the "honeymoon period" because the batterer may act apologetic and promise to change?
remorse/reconciliation
The strategy of reframing appraisals of stressors more positively and working toward future goals is known as
shift and persist
The sleep disorder in which breathing is interrupted many times during sleep is
sleep apnea
All of the following medications can cause drowsiness EXCEPT
stimulants
Which of the following BEST describes a Type C personality?
stoic
Which of the following were cited by college students in a national survey as major impediments to performing well academically?
stress, anxiety, and sleep difficulties
Which of the following is an essential prerequisite for changing a behavior?
wanting to change
All of the following are common side effects of psychotropic drugs EXCEPT
weight loss
The achievement of the highest level of health possible in each of several dimensions is
wellness
Which of the following statements about the graduating class of 2016 is true?
More than 70 percent of these students graduated with significant debt.
Sleepwalking sometimes occurs during
NREM stage 4.
Which of the following actions helps maintain a sleep-promoting environment?
Cleanliness: Wash your sheets and other bedding regularly, and get rid of clutter
Which of the following statements about media and violence is true?
Research has not demonstrated a clear link between exposure to violent media and a propensity to engage in violent acts.
Which of the following statements about schizophrenia is TRUE?
Schizophrenia is a mental illness with biological origin
Which of the following statements about schizophrenia is TRUE?
Schizophrenia is a mental illness with biological origins
Which of the following statements about schizophrenia is TRUE?
Schizophrenia is a mental illness with biological origins.
Which of the following is TRUE about stress?
Stress is a mental and physical response to real or perceived changes and challenges.
Which of the following is TRUE about major depression?
Symptoms include feeling hopeless and difficulty concentrating.
Which of the following statements about caffeine is true?
The sleep-impairing effects of caffeine can last for 7.7 hours or more
Which of the following is TRUE about panic attacks?
They can lead to social isolation
A bias-motivated crime is
a hate crime
Family consists of
a network of people that provides support, security, love, and a sense of belonging
Which of the following is TRUE of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?
Failure to meet a lower-level need will interfere with fulfilling higher-level needs.
Which of the following is TRUE about intimate partner violence?
Homicide by a current or former intimate partner is the leading cause of death among pregnant women in the United States
Which of the following is TRUE about persistent depressive disorder?
It is a mild but chronic form of depression
Which of the following is TRUE with respect to attention-deficit (hyperactivity) disorder (ADD/ADHD)?
It tends to disrupt relationships
Which of the following is TRUE about positive psychology?
Its interventions have proven effective in reducing disability and increasing longevity.
What percentage of the world's population lacks adequate sleep?
about 45 percent
Missy is motivated to lose weight. She has begun taking a 30-minute walk every morning, has worked with a nutrition counselor to design a new diet, and on Monday will begin following new eating plan. According to the transtheoretical model of behavior change, Missy is in a stage of
action
Being flexible in making plans with friends demonstrates
agreeableness
Jason is frustrated because he has three projects due at the same time next week and he doesn't believe it's possible to get all three finished. His solution is to forget about the projects and meet up with friends for a night out. Jason has
an external locus of control
Which of the following is most likely to cause eustress instead of distress?
an impending promotion
Relationships can cause stress in all the following ways EXCEPT
aspiring to be the best one can be.
An appraisal of the relationship between an object, action, or idea and some attribute related to it is a(n)
belief
Although he is often dispirited, exhausted, and pessimistic, for the last few days Jirou has been studying, working out, and socializing with so much energy and enthusiasm that he has not had more than two or three hours of sleep each night. Jirou might be suffering from
bipolar disorder
During non-REM sleep
body temperature and energy use drop
Research suggests that anxiety disorders
can develop as a learned response to a recurrent stress-inducing situation.
The disruption of which factor results in jet lag?
circadian rhythm
Lengthy cohabitation that is considered legally binding in some states
common-law marriage
After working on a class project all week and only sleeping about four hours per night, Courtney is
compromising her immunity
Going out for dinner at your favorite restaurant as a reward for finishing a big project is an example of a
consumable reinforcer
According to Sternberg's triangular theory of love, the most complete, ideal type of love is
consummate love
The Russian hacking of polling software during the 2016 U.S. elections is an example of
cybercrime
The personality trait that involves the ability to adapt to a social situation and demonstrate assertiveness is known as
extroversion
People who have experienced repeated failures may develop a pattern of response in which they give up and fail to take any positive action. This is called
learned helplessness.
The expected number of years of life remaining at a given age, such as at birth, is known as
life expectancy
After breaking up with his girlfriend, Lucas has been unable to move on. He is afraid of rejection and doesn't think that women find him attractive. He is probably suffering from
low self-esteem
Which health model views treating disease through medications and surgery as the surest way to improve health?
medical model
Treatment for schizophrenia includes hospitalization and a combination of
medication and psychotherapy
The general term for a disorder that disrupts thoughts, feelings, moods, and behavior to the extent that it impairs functioning in daily life is
mental illness
Makoto has a disability affecting his movement. Throughout high school, he has been rejected, teased, and bullied. Makoto has been experiencing
minority stress.
A sedentary lifestyle, overuse of caffeine, and risky sexual practices are examples of
modifiable determinants of health
Of the following choices, the source of stress experienced by the greatest percentage of American adults is
money
The condition that causes people to fall asleep involuntarily during the day is
narcolepsy
The restful, restorative period of sleep is
non-REM sleep.
One reason the validity of the Type A personality theory has been debated is that
not all Type A people experience negative health consequences
Evan washes his hands more than 50 times a day because of an ongoing fixation on germs; he is most likely suffering from
obsessive-compulsive disorder.
A hormone referred to as a "cuddle chemical" that boosts feelings of satisfaction and attachment is
oxytocin
An acute anxiety attack that brings on intense physical symptoms is a(n)
panic attack
An adolescent smoker might think lung cancer happens only to old people. This is an example of which factor of the health belief model?
perceived susceptibility
The dimension of physical health encompasses the ability to
perform activities of daily living
A type of mental illness that involves inflexible patterns of thought that, in many cases, lead to socially distressing behavior is a(n)
personality disorder
Paulo cannot recall a time when he did not feel terrified of spiders. He could be experiencing a(n)
phobia
The six dimensions of health
physical, social, mental, emotional, spiritual, environmental (interact continuously)
Most commonly, a person diagnosed with social anxiety disorder has a fear of
public events and gatherings
REM sleep is named for which physiological activity that occurs while dreaming?
rapid eye movements
In preparation for his exam, Juan plans to stay up all night studying. According to research, this strategy will likely result in
reduced cognitive ability
Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is associated with
reduced exposure to sunlight
Support from others to change a behavior is an example of a(n)
reinforcing factor
A psychologically healthy person is
resilient
After Julia discovers a suggestive e-mail her boyfriend sent to another woman, she considers how to confront him about it. Which stage of the general adaptation syndrome applies to this situation?
resistance
The process of taking small individual steps toward a behavior change goal is
shaping
Changing your seat in class to one closer to the front to help change your habit of napping during the lecture is an example of
situational inducement
Jill has many friends, is respected by her coworkers, and maintains a great relationship with her boyfriend. Her ability to interact with others is an example of which dimension of health?
social
The change model based on three factors (social environment, thoughts and feelings, and behaviors) in interaction with each other is known as the
social cognitive model
A network of people and services with which we share ties and which provide support is
social support.
Marie's parents have given her money for a down payment on a new car; they are providing her with
tangible support.
Which phase of the cycle of violence is typically characterized by anger, abusive language, and psychological aggression?
tension building
Spiritually healthy people believe
that they are part of a something larger than the purely physical or personal dimensions of existence.
The contemporary definition of wellness is
the achievement of the highest level of health possible in each of several dimensions
Anxiety disorders are
the most common mental health problem in the United States.
People with an internal locus of control believe that events turn out as they do based on
their own actions
Psychological health is best described as encompassing
thinking, feeling, relating, and being
Psychological health is best described as encompassing?
thinking, feeling, relating, and being.
Of the following, which factor is NOT a reason people become involved in gangs?
to get away from controlling parents
Which behavior change model involves six distinct stages and is also known as the stages of change model?
transtheoretical model
All of the following are basic mindfulness skills EXCEPT
tuning out a noisy student in the library
A likely reason that people may be meaner online than in person is that
users cannot see the person with whom they are communicating
All of the following are techniques used in the Chinese art of feng shui EXCEPT
using sheer curtains that let in as much light as possible.
Jeff knows the midterm chemistry exam is going to be tough. He is trying to prepare for it by taking a practice test every night before he goes out with his buddies. Jeff is
using the technique of stress inoculation.
The term terrorism is correctly applied to situations in which
violence is used to achieve political aims.
Insomnia is often characterized by
waking up frequently during the night
Major public health achievements of the twentieth century include
workplace safety
Which of the following forms of stress management also improves strength and flexibility?
yoga
Self-disclosure can be a double-edged sword because
you risk the possibility that the other person will reject you
Which of the following statements about mindfulness is true?
An essential component of mindfulness is awareness of oneself and one's environment
Intense feelings or patterns of feelings that people experience are
emotions
An awareness of what others might be going through is called
empathy
The primary hormone responsible for physiological stress responses such as increased heart and breathing rates is
epinephrine
Violence directed at others and based on prejudice and discrimination is
ethnoviolence
Carol believes that she sleeps reasonably well at night, yet she feels chronically sluggish and frequently nods off during classes. Carol is most likely experiencing
excessive daytime sleepines
Adequate sleep may enhance intellectual health in all the following ways EXCEPT by
expending energy
Emotional health can best be described as being able to
feel and express emotions appropriately
Which of the following is NOT a common sign of major depression?
feeling highly energetic
Effective health promotion programs
focus on encouraging behaviors known to support good health
One factor contributing to narcolepsy appears to be
genetic
The ever-changing process of achieving individual potential in the physical, social, emotional, intellectual, spiritual, and environmental dimensions is the definition of
health
Differences in cancer mortality among specific populations are an example of
health disparities
Chronic stress has a strong connection to all of the following medical conditions EXCEPT
hearing loss
Obsessive-compulsive disorder is
highly treatable
Brian is considered a Type A personality by his friends because of his history of "road rage" and extreme competitiveness. All the following put him at increased risk for cardiovascular disease EXCEPT
his upbeat, glass-half-full approach to life
The science of epigenetics studies
how behavioral choices influence our cells' ability to use genes.
To manage stress, the first step is to
identify and assess the stressors in your life.
How does sleep deprivation affect drivers?
impairs motor skills
Which type of costs are related to higher insurance premiums and increased disability payments due to obesity-related health conditions?
indirect medical costs
Determinants of health are a range of factors in a person's life that
influence his or her health status
Violence that occurs between two people in a current or former marriage or sexual or dating relationship is
intimate partner violence
Beth works part-time as a waitress and receives no health insurance benefits from her employer. She purchased insurance under the Affordable Care Act, but the policy has a $5,000 annual deductible. Beth
is likely to delay care that she needs