Health 324 Final

3 Methods in a survey/audit

1. Direct Observation 2. Discussion Method --> most common 3. Recall and Check

10 Types of Hazardous Energy

1. Electrical 2. Chemical 3. Heat 4. Radiation 5. Mechanical 6. Water 7. Gravity 8. Hydraulic 9. Pneumatic 10. Wind/forced air

What are the 4 parts of the hierarchy of hazard controls?

1. Elimination/Substitution 2.Engineering Controls 3.Administrative Controls 4.PPE

2 Types of Controls for Ergonomic Hazards with examples

1. Engineering Controls (adjustable desks and chairs, stand up desks, neutral position keyboards, fork lifts) 2.Administrative Controls (take breaks every 2 hours to walk around)

Hazard Controls for the Construction Industry

1. Fall Protection 2. Ergonomics 3. Material Substitutions 4. Tool and equipment substitution 5. LEV 6. General Ventilation 7. engineering controls in trenches

OSHA Focus Four (in order of prevalence)

1. Falls from elevation 2.Electrical Safety 3. Struck by (trucks, falling objects, cranes) 4.Caught in between (excavations, trenches)

4 Ergonomic Risk Factors

1. Force 2. Repetition 3. Duration 4. Posture

2 Types of Ventilation

1. General Exhaust (dilution ventilation) 2. Local Exhaust Ventilation (LEV)

4 Step Process of Risk Assessment

1. Hazard Identification 2. Dose - how much agent is required for the response 3. Exposure - determine how much agent people might be exposed to 3.Risk Characterization - integration of pertinent information from the previous steps

3 Ways to control Confined Space Hazards

1. Isolate the space/control access to the confined space 2. Ventilate the space 3. Secure all equipment from falling into the space during vertical space entries

2 Types of Respirators

1. Magenta for aerosols 2.N Group

4 Pillars of building a strong safety culture

1. Make the rules 2. Communicate the rules 3. Supervisor Accountability 4. Recognition/Consequence Program

5 Examples of Administrative Controls

1. Procedure Changes 2. Employee Training 3. Installation of signs and warning labels 4. Rotation 5. Work-rest schedule that limits the amount of time a worker is exposed to a hazard

3 Types of Engineering Controls

1. Process Control 2. Enclosure or Isolation 3. Ventilation

Ventilation

A method of engineering control that strategically adds and removes air in the work environments and can remove or dilute air contaminant if designed properly

Who should conduct a survey/audit?

A trained specialist, a supervisor or a manager in that area. They should know the job well and the risks

Barrel Filling; crushers; conveyor loading (200-500 fpm)

Active generation into rapid air motion

Local Exhaust Ventilation

Adaptable to almost all chemicals and operations. Removes the contaminant at the source so it cannot disperse into the work space and generally uses lower exhaust rates.

Flexion

Bending at the wrist downwards

Extension

Bending at the wrist upwards like you're motioning stop

Administrative Controls

Changes to the way people work. Do not remove hazards but limit or prevent people's exposure to the hazards

Example of elimination

Employees required to work high above the ground. The hazard would be eliminated by moving the piece being worked on to ground level.

Minor Servicing Exemption

Explains that the use of LOTO is not necessary for small machine servicing operations. They would be those that wouldn't require the machine to be turned off completely of safeguarded in any way. But you would still need some PPE

HSE Reviews

For new operations, equipment, controls and processes. For any changes to operations.

Fall Protection (parts that make a personal fall arrest system)

Full body harness, lanyard --> connected to an anchor

Awkward Posture

Going into 20 degrees or more deviation

Level B PPE

Highest level of respiratory protection, lower level of skin protection

Level A PPE

Highest level of skin and respiratory protection + toxic vapor protection

Management System Audits

ISO 14001 (environment) or ANZSI Z-10

JHA

Job Hazard Analysis Start with observation, Listing basic steps of a job and finding the potential hazards with each step. This will be in areas with high frequency of accidents, high rates of dialing injuries and potential of severe injuries.

Enclosure or Isolation

Keeps a selected hazard physically away from the worker or keeps the hazardous process geographically away from the majority of the workers ex. Glove boxes

Confined Space

Large enough and configured in a way that a person can enter with their whole body and perform work Has restricted entry and exit Not for continuous occupancy

PPE

Least effective way to control hazards. Can include gloves, respirators, hard hats, safety glasses, high visibility clothing and safety footwear. Should never be the only method used to reduce exposure under very specific circumstances

Radial Deviation

Left Picture

Level C PPE

Lower level of respiratory and skin protection

Foundation of Building a Strong Safety Culture

Management commitment and employee involvement

Level D PPE

Normal work clothing with appropriate PPE

N Group Respirator

Not oil resistant N 100-95, filtering out 95% of filtrates in a non oil enriched environment

Magenta Aerosol Respirator

P100 filter --> oil proof. Would wear in an oil environment. Equivalent to a HEPA filter

Internal Audit

Personal, don't bring anyone in

Grinding; abrasive blasting; tumbling (500-2000 fpm)

Released at high velocity into air with rapid motion

Spray Booths (low speed conveyor transfer = 100-200 fpm)

Released at low velocity into still air

Evaporation (50-100 fpm)

Released into quiet air with no velocity

Ulnar Deviation

Right picture

Machine Safeguarding

SURVEY - Do this on a new piece of equipment or if it has caused injury before

PPE Hazard Assessment and Certificate

SURVEY - For all tasks with potential for injury Determine controls --> determine PPE Signed Certificate

Accident investigation

SURVEY - do this to keep accidents and injuries from happening again

LOTO

Specific Practices or procedure to safeguard you from unexpected energization or startup of machinery and equipment, or the release of hazardous energy during service or maintenance activities Not for every day use, just maitenance

Elimination

The most effective means of hazard control. Involves the physical removal of the hazard.

Substitution

The second most effective way to control hazards. Involves removing something that causes a hazard and replacing it with something that doesn't.

Engineering Controls

The third most effective means of controlling hazards. Do not eliminate hazards but they keep people isolated from hazards.

Purpose of a Risk Assessment

To inform risk management decisions To provide reasonable assurance of workers' health Not a cost-benefit analysis, justification for already planned activities Unfocused data collection

Warnings and name of the person who is authorized to have the device locked out

What information should a tag have on it?

For a new task

When would you use an HSE Review Check List?

Independent Personal Audit

bring in someone from headquarters or hire a consultant

Process Control

ex. Use of wet methods rather than dry methods when drilling or grinding. Or the use of a vacuum instead of sweeping

Example of Substitution

replacing lead based paint with acrylic paint. Or substitute benzene (carcinogen) with toluene (non-carcinogenic)

Audit

systems approaches (umbrella), you usually don't even go into the field Take a bot longer to do

Survey

task/job specific