health promotion
a nurse is providing education on SIDS risk reduction to a group of parents. Which comment by a parent supports an understanding of SIDS prevention? A. "I and my partner will begin to stop smoking tomorrow" B. "I will avoid pacifier use because it will interfere with breastfeeding" C. "To support bonding of my twins from the womb, they can share a crib" D. "we will dress our infant in extra layers of clothes to prevent chilling"
"I and my partner will begin to stop smoking tomorrow"
Which is the most appropriate teaching to the parents of a child in the emergency department after a near drowning if the child is awake, alert, and has no respiratory distress? A. "Your child will most likely be discharged and you should watch for any cough or trouble breathing B. "your child will need to have a preventive tube for breathing and ventilation to ensure the lungs are clear" C. "your child will be fine but sometimes antibiotics are started as a prevention for pneumonia and ear infections" D. "Your child will most likely be admitted for at least 24 hours and observed for respiratory distress or any swelling of the brain"
"Your child will most likely be admitted for at least 24 hours and observed for respiratory distress or any swelling of the brain"
When discharging a newborn, which injury prevention instruction would be of highest priority to tell the parents? A. "never leave the baby unattended on a raised, unguarded area" B. "place safety locks on all medicine cabinets and household cleaning supplies" C. "transport the infant in the front seat when driving alone so you can see the baby" D. "place safety guards in front of any heating appliance, stove, fireplace, or radiator"
"never leave the baby unattended on a raised, unguarded area"
pediatric health promotion
-developmental milestones -nutrition (first 6 months only breastmilk) -physical activity (60 mins per day) -screen time (under 5= more than 1 hr/day; 6+ limit time) *development=best w/ interaction w/ environment and others
genetic disorders
risk factors: genetic disorder/inborn error or metabolism --closely related --known carrier of a genetic disorder (runs in fam) --age (mom older than 35, dad older than 55) --exposure (medications/environment) --obtain a complete family history --refer to a genetic screening --provide emotional support/guidance --refer to support group **RN=helpful and supportive; sent to genetist
motor vehicle injuries prevention
safest place is in the backseat -rear facing car seat until 2 yrs (due to weak neck muscles) -forward facing car seat until tall enough to touch floor -booster seat until 8 yrs (until seat belt hits at the right place) --supervise children (crossing street) -no truck beds --no cell phone use (no texting or driving) --role model behavior ("but you do it")
Trisomy 18 (Edwards Syndrome)
small for gestational age -low-set age; small jaw -misshapen digits (extra digit) -severe cognitive deficits
dental health
teeth eruption (clean with wash clothe and water until eruption) --when teeth erupt=bb toothbrush when bb eats and chews -bottle/breast feed (real food=brush teeth) -dentist @ 1 year -brushing/flossing: age appropriate--required assistance and supervision --tooth trauma: needs assistance immediately by dentist --primary "baby" teeth --permanent teeth
turners syndrome
women -short stature -small nonfunctioning ovaries -short webbed neck --puberty--pubic hair **little development of secondary characterisitics
toddler nutrition
physiologic anorexia --picky eaters --whole milk (vitamin D) --lower fat milk --limit juice (4 oz) --fruit (1 cup of cut of fruit) --prefer finger foods --avoid potential choking hazards (cubes/squares)
preschool nutrition
picky eaters (yellow-green diet) -portions -saturated fats (limited) -fruits and vegetables -protein (1 serving --palm of hand)
infant nutrition
breast milk or iron fortified formula--q2-3 hrs until 4-5 mon. q4-6 -no extra fluids needed (no excess water intake-@ risk for hyponatremia) -wean to a cup @ 6 months (9-12 months drinking out of cup) -vitamin D supplement (if breast fed--started @ birth) -iron supplement (@ 4 months if breast fed) **knowing if eating well=# of wet diapers a day (6-8 diapers) **weight gain
introduction of solid foods
interest in solid foods --voluntary control of head and trunk --disappearance of extrusion (protusion) reflex --iron-fortified cereal (rice cereal with breast milk) --observe for allergy intolerance --vegetables, fruits, meats @ 6 months --variety (can change poo color) **once a week=to know difference and how it affects bb
health screening
lead screening @ 1-2 years --scoliosis @ school age/adolescents (both spine and bend curve @ same angle
Trisomy 13 (Patau Syndrome)
microencephaly -eyes small or missing top portion of head -severe cognitive deficits --neuro, cardiac, and resp >>problems --rarely survive past 1 year ---sent to genetist
school age: health promotion
nutrition: portions--> grow up to adult size @ 10 years old=adult size portion
adolescent: health promotion
nutrition: rapid growth (spurt) --portion control --sexuality (comfortable asking questions) --education (poor choices--private choices) >>abstinence/safe sex practice >>STI >>pregnancy >>s/o-bf/gf >>cyberbullies >>friends
poisoning: specific substance
acetaminophen (N-acetylcysteine orally --reversible agent) -acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin): gastric lavage/ activated charcoal (reversal) -supplemental iron: gastric lavage/chelation therapy (reversal) *overdose on acetaminophen=hepatic necrosis --too much bad for brain development --hydrocarbons (gasoline, kerosene, lighter fluid, paint thinner, turpentine) --do not induce vomiting, intubate before gastric decompression --corrosives (household cleaners, batteries, bleach)--do not induce vomiting or neutralize acid; maintain airway -lead: chelation therapy
klinefelters syndrome
boys -testes remain small -->sterility -gynecomastia -elongated lower limbs (arms/ legs)
injury prevention
change in mobility--change in center of gravity -natural curiosity (swimming pools)--exploring environment -absorption with play --cognitive level (toddler and preschool become more experimental) --need to conform/gain acceptance --invincibility
a nurse is providing injury prevention education to the parents of an 18 month old. What information should the nurse provide? Select all that apply. A. cover electrical outlets B. close all toilet lids C. lock windows D. encourage pet therapy E. use forward facing car seat
cover electrical outlets close all toilet lids lock windows
finger and table foods
finger foods @ 9 months -consider small pieces (smaller than bite size; few at a time) -digestability (no seeds/nuts)-plain and easy to digest -grapes=quarter of half sized -avoid honey=risk of pasturization **Table foods at preschool/toddlers
