Health Psych - Chapter 8

Which of the following facts about fat cells are true? a. Their number increases mainly in childhood and adolescence. b. Their number can increase but not decrease. c. They are related to the body's set point. d. all of the above

D. All of the above

Which of the following statements regarding anorexia nervosa is true? a. It is most common in females. b. It is marked by intense fears of becoming fat. c. It is characterized by a weight loss of at least 25%. d. all of the above

D. All of the above

48. Which of the following is not a demonstrated effect of exercise? a. Weight loss. b. Enhanced self‑esteem. c. Stress reduction. d.All of these are effects of exercise

D. All of these are effects of exercise

Who is most likely to be affected by food additives? a. People who are allergic to them. b. Everyone, since additives tend to be harmful to our health. c. Children. d. Both a and c.

D. Both A and C.

Prevention programs for overweight should begin in childhood because: a. this is the best time to prevent the development of excess fat cells. b. children and adolescents who are obese are more likely to be obese as adults. c. children have an easier time exercising. d. both a and b.

D. Both a and b

Which is NOT true of changes in the American diet since 1980? a. Consumption of red meat has decreased. b. Consumption of fish has increased. c. Consumption of fruits and vegetables has increased. d. Consumption of sugars has decreased.

D. Consumption of sugars has decreased.

Calcium and iron are classified as a. inorganic proteins. b. amino acids. c. lipids. d. minerals.

D. Minerals

40. Research on work‑site weight‑loss programs indicates that the most needed factor to ensure their success is a. proper nutrition information b. a strong aversive component c. use of self‑monitoring d. motivational techniques such as weight-loss competitions

D. Motivation techniques such as weight-loss competitions

Which of the following factors is least likely to influence older adults' participation in exercise? a. Their physical functioning. b. Exaggerated notions of risk of exercise. c. Limited previous involvement in exercise. d. Sedentary social role models.

A Their physical functioning

Evidence indicates that a preference for sweet tastes is a. biological. b. learned. c. not present in most babies. d. present only in America children.

A. Biological

Simple sugars are to ____ as amino acids are to ____ a. carbohydrates; proteins b. fats; vitamins c. proteins; fiber d. vitamins; minerals

A. Carbohydrates; Proteins

Of the following, which strategy has been least effective in reducing traffic accidents? a. Driver training courses. b. Auto design changes. c. Highway marking changes. d. Raising the driving age.

A. Driver training courses

Weight-lifting and push-ups are forms of _____ exercise a. isotonic b. isometric c. isokinetic d. aerobic

A. Isotonic

Nan, a restrained eater, is upset that she didn't follow her diet today by having a sugary snack. Which of the following she most likely to do according to the restraint theory? a. Overindulge since she's already "blown it". b. Stop eating once she realizes she violated her diet. c. Go for a jog to take her mind off her diet. d.Resolve to try harder in the future on her diet plan

A. Overindulge since she's already "blown it".

The theory that the body has a certain weight that it strives to maintain is called: a. set‑point theory. b. restraint theory. c. equilibrium theory. d. maintenance theory.

A. Set-Point Theory

Two people, one obese and the other normal weight, are at a dinner party where some very bad-tasting food has just been served. Who is likely to eat the most? a. The normal-weight person. b. The obese person. c. They will eat the same amounts of food. d. Neither is likely to eat anything.

A. The normal-weight person

"Right to know" laws require that a. Employers notify and train employees on the use of hazardous materials. b. Employees have the right to refuse handling hazardous materials. c. Communities have the right to inform only those who really need to know about the presence of dangerous hazards. d. Communities are freed from the requirement of informing inhabitants of the presence of dangerous hazards.

A. employers notify and train employees on the use of hazardous materials

Which of the following statements about the relationship between weight and health is NOT true? a. Obesity is positively correlated with increasing risk for disease. b. A small ratio of waist to hip girth is associated with higher rates of disease. c. Compared to those who are sedentary, heavy people who are fit have lower risk for death and illness. d. Overweight and normal weight people rate their health the same.

B. A small ratio of waist to hip girth is associated with higher rates of disease.

Larry has decided to protect his health by taking large doses of vitamins A & D. This is a _____ idea since large amounts of these vitamins ______. a. good; have proven to be cures for some cancers b. bad; may harm the liver and kidneys c. good; are aphrodisiacs d.bad; are only excreted as waste

B. Bad; may harm the liver and kidneys

Early studies found that diets rich in ___ are associated with low cancer risk. This finding is not ____. a. fat; supported b. beta-carotene; definitive c. lipids; supported d.sodium; definitive

B. Beta-carotene; definitive

Which of the following statements regarding bulimia nervosa is NOT true? a. It is more prevalent than anorexia nervosa. b. Bulimics rarely think this eating pattern is abnormal. c. A person may exhibit some bulimic behaviors without being diagnosed as a bulimic. e. It has been recognized as a clinical syndrome since the 1970s.

B. Bulimics rarely think this eating pattern is abnormal

People can get all the nutrients and fiber they need a. only by taking vitamin supplements. b. by eating healthy diets. c. by eating only a vegetarian diet. d. by eating high protein diets.

B. By eating healthy diets

The body mass index (BMI) is used to a. measure an individual's bulk or stockiness. b. determine whether a person is overly fat. c. determine an individual's cholesterol levels. d. all of the above

B. Determine whether a person is overly fat

The common belief that "glandular problems" lead to obesity is true a. in most cases. b. in only a small percentage of people. c. only for males. d. only for females.

B. IN only a small percentage of people

Exposure to carcinogenic substances: a. invariably leads to cancer. b. is not usually dangerous in small or infrequent doses. c. no longer occurs in today's environment. d. might be outweighed in risk by benefits.

B. Is not usually dangerous in small or infrequent doses.

Which of the following is NOT used in behavioral weight loss programs? a. dieting. b. exercise. c. behavioral methods. d. yo-yo or crash diets.

B. Liposuction

Exposure to asbestos is strongly connected to a. hypertension b. lung cancer c. heart disease d. brain damage

B. Lung cancer

Amino acids are components of ____ that are responsible for ____. a. minerals; nerve transmission b. proteins; synthesis of new cell material c. lipids; providing energy d. vitamins; converting nutrients into energy

B. Proteins; synthesis of new cell material

The dietary substance most strongly associated with hypertension is a. cholesterol. b. sodium. c. caffeine. d. fiber.

B. Sodium

Amanda has just found out she is pregnant. She should do which of the following? a. Nothing. Her typical diet should be just fine. b. Take recommended supplements due to her greater need for all nutrients. c. Take more iron, but no other additional nutrients. d. Take more vitamins but less iron.

B. Take recommended supplements due to her greater need for all nutrients

An important factor in getting a person to start and stay with an exercise program is: a. the convenience of the program. b. their readiness to begin a program. c. their physical ability. d. their knowledge about exercises and health.

B. Their readiness to begin a program

The most frequent accidental fatalities involve a. domestic accidents. b. traffic accidents. c. air travel. d. fires.

B. Traffic accidents

47. Dancing can be a great form of ______ exercise. a. isotonic b. isometric c. aerobic d. isobaric

C. Aerobic

Which of the following statements regarding the use of seat belts is true? a. Seat belt use is unrelated to traffic fatalities. b. Seat belt use has been unaffected by the passage of laws requiring them. c. After the passage of laws requiring them, seat belt use increased significantly. d. Only about 15% of drivers use their seat belts.

C. After the passage of laws requiring them, seat belt use increased significantly

39. Bob has tried diet programs in the past but has had trouble maintaining his diet plan when he goes away on business trips and has to eat at restaurants. Which of the following is an example of how he could deal with this problem using problem-solving training? a. Not worrying about it. A few days off his diet is no big deal. b. Decide to fast during business trips. c. Asking the wait staff at the restaurant how foods are prepared and selecting low-calorie ingredients and preparation methods. d. Exercise more immediately prior to and following business trips

C. Asking the wait staff at the restaurant how foods are prepared and selecting low-calorie ingredients and preparation methods.

We tend to judge the desirability of our weight based on the criteria of a. attractiveness and BMI. b. actual weight and BMI. c. attractiveness and healthfulness. d. stamina and body shape.

C. Attractiveness and healthfulness.

Besides medical treatment, the most effective method(s) for losing weight is/are a. dieting. b. exercise. c. behavioral methods. d. yo-yo or crash diets.

C. Behavioral methods

In a study of overweight girls and boys, self-esteem levels a. were not affected by weight levels. b. went down for boys but not for girls over time. c. went down for both boys and girls but raised as boys got older. d.went down for girls but not for boys over time

C. Both went down for both boys and girls but raised as boys got older

The main dietary contributor to atherosclerosis is a. salt. b. caffeine. c. cholesterol. d. fiber.

C. Cholesterol

45. Which of the following treatments for bulimia nervosa is most effective? a. Antidepressants b. Aversive techniques c. Cognitive/behavioral plus antidepressants d. Aversive plus behavioral contracting

C. Cognitive/behavioral plus antidpressants

Which cultural group avoids eating dietary fat the most? a. Americans b. Israelis c. Columbians d. Japanese

C. Columbians

Which of the following is not considered a nutrient? a. fats b. proteins c. fiber d. minerals

C. Fiber

The type of lipoprotein associated with decreased cholesterol in blood vessels is ____ a. low‑density (LDL) b. very low density (VLDL) c. high‑density (HDL) d.very‑high‑density (VHDL

C. High-Density (HDL)

Cholesterol and saturated and unsaturated fats are classified as a. carbohydrates. b. a special class of proteins. c. lipids d. fat-soluble vitamins

C. Lipids

Which of the following statements regarding self-reported eating is NOT true? a. Underreporting is very common. b. Women are more inaccurate than men. c. Obese people report eating more than normal-weight people. d. Heavy and normal weight people may differ in the accuracy of their reports.

C. Obese people report eating more than normal-weight people.

When comparing the years lost due to unintentional and intentional injuries to years lost due to heart disease, cancer, and stroke, research finds: a. more years are lost due to disease than to injury. b. more years are lost due to injury than to disease. c. the years lost are similar. d. neither result in significant years lost.

C. The years lost are similar

High fat and low fiber diets are particularly associated with cancer of the a. liver b. colon c. throat d.stomach

C. Throat

People are classified as obese when their BMI exceeds a. 10 b. 20 c. 25 d. 30

D. 30

41. Very‑low‑calorie diets (VLCD's): a. are used mainly for those who are obese b. can have serious side effects, such as cardiac problems c. are used only when other approaches have failed d. all of the above

D. All of the above

Before going on an afternoon hiking trip, fair-skinned Joel uses plenty of sunscreen on exposed areas of his body. The use of sunscreens a. may prevent premature aging of the skin and skin cancers. b. is recommended for exposure of over an hour. c. is recommended by dermatologists. d. all of the above

D. All of the above

Cholesterol level in the blood is influenced by a. diet. b. heredity. c. smoking. d.all of the above

D. All of the above

High serum levels of insulin influence which of the following? a. Sensations of hunger. b. Pleasantness of sweet tastes. c. How much we eat. d.all of the above

D. All of the above

Parents may help their children maintain a health weight by: a. encouraging regular exercise and discouraging TV viewing. b. monitoring their children's BMI. c. controlling the types of food that are present in the home. d. all of the above.

D. All of the above

Recent research with animals has shown that reducing caloric intake by 30% a. decreases metabolism. b. slows the aging process. c. increases longevity. d.all of the above

D. All of the above

The odorless radioactive gas radon: a. hypertension b. lung cancer c. heart disease d. brain damage

D. All of the above

Uri has successfully completed a weight-loss program and now wants to make sure he is able to maintain his weight loss. Which of the following will aid him in his maintenance efforts? a. Continue his exercise regimen. b. Permanently eat a lower-calorie and fat diet. c. Use behavioral methods to avoid relapse situations. d. all of the above

D. All of the above

The mechanism in the brain thought to control body weight is a. the medulla. b. the endocrine gland. c. the frontal lobe. d. none of the above.

D. None of the above

Which one of the following people is most likely to experience hypertension and coronary heart disease? a. Joseph, who drinks no coffee. b. Frederick, who drinks only decaffeinated coffee. c. Michael, who drinks 3 cups of coffee each morning. d. None of the above.

D. None of the above.

Which group does NOT tend to exercise frequently? a. People who believe they are susceptible to illness. b. Young adults. c. Members of the upper SES. d. Older people.

D. Older people

How might an individual reduce his/her serum LDL levels? a. Use vegetable oils containing coconut or palm oil. b. Avoid polyunsaturated oils and consume only saturated fats. c. Eat more eggs at breakfast. d. Substitute monounsaturated fats for other fats in the diet.

D. Substitute monosaturated fats for other fats in the diet