Healthy Wealthy and Wise Final Exam Review

A psychologically healthy person is

resilient

A person's realistic sense of self-respect or self-worth is referred to as

self esteem

According to Maslow's hierarchy, individuals who have satisfied their basic needs and have attained their full potential are

self-actualized.

Jose's belief that he can successfully pass his biology midterm is an example of

self-efficacy

Which theory holds that our bodies fight to maintain our weight within a particular narrow range?

set point theory

HIV can potentially be transmitted through all of the following EXCEPT

sharing food utensils with an infected person.

The strategy of reframing appraisals of stressors more positively and working toward future goals is known as

shift and persist

Nutrients are

the constituents in food that the body requires to function properly.

Having a gender identity that does not match one's biological sex is known as being

transgender

Which of the following is a female sterilization procedure that involves tying off or cauterizing certain structures of the reproductive system?

tubal ligation

Taking responsibility for your health care includes all of the following EXCEPT

using over-the-counter medications to treat a sudden, serious illness.

If you are concerned about the costs of health care, which of the following practices should you avoid?

using the emergency room for your routine healthcare

A surgical sterilization procedure that involves cutting the vas deferens is a(n)

vasectomy

All of the following are likely to influence your response to stressors EXCEPT

your friends' level of stress

When acute stress bombards your brain with stress chemicals,

your memory may be impaired

Which of the following is TRUE about sexual identity?

It is based on biological sex at birth, social and cultural influences on gender, and sexual orientation.

Lisa has a strong sense of purpose and meaning to her life. Lisa is demonstrating

Spiritual health.

A driver is "usually impaired" at a blood alcohol concentration of

0.05 to 0.07 percent.

Which of the following is TRUE about environmental tobacco smoke (ETS)?

Between 1988 and 2008, detectable levels of nicotine exposure in nonsmokers decreased.

Which of the following is TRUE about calories?

Calories are a unit of measure of the energy obtained from food.

Which of the following countries has the largest population?

China

Which of the following is TRUE of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

Failure to meet a lower-level need will interfere with fulfilling higher-level needs.

Which of the following is TRUE about major depression in college students?

International students are especially vulnerable to depression.

Which of the following is TRUE about stress?

Stress is a mental and physical response to real or perceived changes and challenges.

Which of the following is NOT true about male condoms?

They can be used with baby oil and body lotions as lubricants.

Psychoactive drugs have which type of effect on the body?

They enhance, suppress, or interfere with the actions of neurotransmitters.

Jane is sedentary and obese. What effect, if any, do these factors have on her health?

They impede her progress toward high-level wellness.

Which of the following is TRUE of psychologically healthy people?

They value human diversity.

The greenhouse effect is

a natural phenomenon

Ovulation typically occurs

about halfway through a woman's menstrual cycle.

One problem with the BMI measurement is that it

does not account for varying levels of muscle mass.

Health and wellness are best described as:

dynamic

Which environmental factor encourages us to increase our food consumption?

easy access to high-calorie foods in stores and restaurants

Lisa is aware that her best friend, Kim, has a drinking problem. Lisa continually makes excuses for her and often completes Kim's homework to protect her from flunking out of school. Lisa's behavior is an example of

enabling

Which of the following is the most energy-dense source of calories in the human diet?

fats

Which of the following categories describes the small stressors, frustrations, and petty annoyances that collectively can add up to a higher level of stress?

hassles

An effective way to protect yourself from STIs is to

have sex only with a partner who has tested negative for STIs.

Addictive substances and behaviors

have the potential to produce a positive mood change.

Exercise reduces stress primarily by

increasing endorphins and reducing levels of stress hormones.

According to the National Cancer Institute, spiritual well-being improves the quality of life of individuals suffering from an illness by

increasing the ability to cope with disease and medical treatments.

Determinants of health are a range of factors in a person's life that

influence his or her health status.

The ability to think clearly, analyze information, and use one's mental capacity to meet life's challenges is known as

intellectual health

The amount of effort needed during a workout to improve some aspect of fitness is exercise

intensity

After a night of heavy drinking, John still appears sober while his friends are obviously intoxicated. It is likely that John has developed

learned behavioral tolerance

People who have experienced repeated failures may develop a pattern of response in which they give up and fail to take any positive action. This is called

learned helplessness

The general term for a disorder that disrupts thoughts, feelings, moods, and behavior to the extent that it impairs functioning in daily life is

mental illness

Since 1980, the percentage of the global population that is obese has

more than doubled

The amount of force that a muscle is capable of exerting is referred to as

muscular strength

A number of studies have shown a positive relationship between spiritual health and

physical health

If you can perform regular moderate to vigorous levels of physical activity without excessive fatigue, you are considered to be

physically fit

The term for an environmental contaminant that causes potential harm to living organisms is

pollutant

Among American adults, the second most commonly abused type of drug, after marijuana, is

prescription drugs

The stage of syphilis that is characterized by a bacteria-filled chancre is

primary syphilis

To successfully change a behavior, a person must recognize that change is a(n)

process that occurs in stages.

Which of the following play a role in developing and repairing bone, muscle, skin, and blood cells?

proteins

A term used to encompass mental, emotional, social, and spiritual dimensions of health is

psychological.

REM sleep is named for which physiological activity that occurs while dreaming?

rapid eye movements

Most experts agree that a key step in slowing climate change is to

reduce consumption of fossil fuels

Having unprotected sex is considered a

risk behavior

The sleep disorder in which breathing is interrupted many times during sleep is

sleep apnea

Sleep-deprived individuals may be at greater risk of overweight and obesity because

sleeping less is associated with eating more

Eating food when drinking alcohol

slows alcohol absorption

A network of people and services with which we share ties and which provide support is

social support.

The testes manufacture

sperm and testosterone

At the time of puberty, gonadotropins

stimulate the testes and ovaries to produce sex hormones

Spiritual health contributes to a reduction in

stress levels

Which of the following were cited by college students in a national survey as major impediments to performing well academically?

stress, anxiety, and sleep difficulties

Economic development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the needs of future generations is called

sustainable development

Spiritually healthy people believe

that they are part of a something larger than the purely physical or personal dimensions of existence.

The contemporary definition of wellness is:

the achievement of the highest level of health possible in each of several dimensions.

During REM sleep

the brain processes and consolidates information.

Increases in the planet's temperature over the past few decades can be attributed to

the enhanced greenhouse effect

Emily is experiencing an allostatic load due to a dysfunctional relationship, credit card debt, and a challenging course load. Which of the following defines the term allostatic load?

the long-term wear and tear on the body caused by the stress response

Anxiety disorders are

the most common mental health problem in the United States

Jade's heart races and she cannot think of anything to say when the cute guy in class sits next to her. This is an example of

the stress response

Factors affecting alcohol absorption include all of the following EXCEPT

the time of day the alcohol is consumed.

People with an internal locus of control believe that events turn out as they do based on

their own actions.

Which of the following is TRUE about over-the-counter drugs?

they can be abused

Psychological health is best described as encompassing

thinking, feeling, relating, and being.

Which of the following groups of Americans is most likely to unintentionally fall asleep during the day?

those between the ages of 18 and 25.

James is no longer able to feel the same effect from his drug of choice with his regular dose; he needs to increase the amount of the drug to feel the desired effect. This demonstrates

tolerance

Minerals that the body needs in very small amounts are

trace minerals

When liquid oils are hydrogenated,

trans fatty acids are produced.

Which of the following is TRUE about major depression?

Symptoms include feeling hopeless and difficulty concentrating.

The definition of spirituality for an individual is

a sense of peace, purpose, connection to others, and meaning in life.

Climate change is

a shift in patterns of temperature, precipitation, and frequency of catastrophic storms.

When doing some form of aerobic exercise, you are at a moderate level of intensity when you are

able to converse with someone

Spiritual intelligence can be described as the ability to

access meanings, values, and purposes to live a richer life.

Missy is motivated to lose weight. She has begun taking a 30-minute walk every morning, has worked with a nutrition counselor to design a new diet, and on Monday will begin following new eating plan. According to the transtheoretical model of behavior change, Missy is in a stage of

action.

A measure of how clean or polluted the air in a given region is on a particular day is the

air quality index

Hearing a piercing scream late at night while walking on a campus path would likely trigger which phase of the general adaptation syndrome?

alarm.

Eve is always upset about something, and it seems that she is never really happy. Her mental outlook is likely to adversely affect

all dimensions of her health.

Which of the following is most likely to cause eustress instead of distress?

an impending promotion

A substance that triggers an immune response is a(n)

antigen

Which substances protect against oxidative stress and the resultant cell damage?

antioxidants

Suicide prevention techniques include

asking directly if the person intends to hurt himself or herself.

The minimum amount of energy the body uses to maintain vital functions is known as the

basal metabolic rate

The ratio of alcohol to total blood volume is the

blood alcohol concentration

Which of the following is NOT a major health-related component of physical fitness?

body image

Exercise can improve mental health by

boosting self-esteem

The CDC recommends HPV vaccination for

both boys and girls beginning at age 11.

People with a physiological dependence on a substance, such as an addictive drug, will experience

both tolerance and withdrawal

Nathan's piano teacher is insisting that he practice more, while at the same time he is overloaded with assignments in his academic classes, worried about how he's going to make the final payments on this semester's tuition bill, and having trouble sleeping. Nathan is at high risk for

burnout.

Air pollutants regulated by the Clean Air Act include all of the following EXCEPT

carbon dioxide

Stress has been associated with increased blood pressure and inflammatory responses. These are most closely associated with an increased risk for

cardiovascular disease

Abstention from any type of sexual activity is known as

celibacy

Which of the following occurs within 24 hours of quitting smoking?

chance of heart attack decreases

An ongoing state of physiological arousal in response to stressors is known as

chronic stress

Sleep disorders can be diagnosed through a(n)

clinical sleep study

If an insurance policy covers 90 percent of your total medical bills, the remaining 10 percent that you must pay is your

coinsurance amount

What type of proteins contain all nine essential amino acids?

complete.

After working on a class project all week and only sleeping about four hours per night, Courtney is

compromising her immunity

Warning signs of suicide include all of the following EXCEPT

compulsion to repeatedly perform rituals.

The various methods used to prevent conception are known as

contraception

A set fee that an insurance plan requires that patients pay at the time of service (per office visit or prescription) is the

copayment

Which of the following is a major contributor to college students' lack of sleep?

electronic devices.

Together, self-awareness, self-management, internal motivation, empathy, and social skills are MOST closely associated with

emotional intelligence

An awareness of what others might be going through is called

empathy

Calories from saturated fats and/or added sugars in foods that have little or no nutritional value, such as sausages and ice cream, are called

empty calories

The primary hormone responsible for physiological stress responses such as increased heart and breathing rates is

epinephrine

The 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) was designed to do all of the following EXCEPT

establish a national single-payer health care system.

Which of the following is defined as planned, structured, and repetitive body movement?

exercise

After weeks of arguments, Riley and Schaeffer break up. They both spend most of the following weekend sleeping, eating, and watching TV. Which stage of the general adaptation syndrome are they now in?

exhaustion

Emotional health can best be described as being able to

feel and express emotions appropriately.

Psychologically healthy people

feel comfortable interacting with others.

The results from an American College Health Association study indicate that most college students

feel tired or sleepy three or more days a week.

Sexually transmitted infections disproportionately affect

females and young people age 15 to 24.

Alcohol consumption during pregnancy can cause significant brain damage and other impairments in the fetus; this condition is known as

fetal alcohol syndrome

Stress management consists of

finding balance and developing coping strategies.

Training for muscular resistance can be done using any of the following three methods:

free weights, weight machines, or your own body weight.

What are the components of the FITT principle that apply to all types of exercise?

frequency, intensity, time, and type

All the following causes of death are linked to modifiable lifestyle behaviors EXCEPT

genetic diseases.

According to research, immune function is increased in adolescents who

get more than 9 hours of sleep a night.

All of the following negatively affect the quality of sleep EXCEPT

getting lots of exercise during the day.

To replenish vital energy stores, which of the following would be particularly helpful?

getting more sleep and "down time".

The body converts all forms of simple sugars into which of the following substances to provide energy to cells?

glucose

All of the following are recommended for avoiding contracting or spreading a respiratory infection EXCEPT

going to work while sick as long as you take medication.

Gases that accumulate in the atmosphere and contribute to global warming by trapping heat near Earth's surface are

greenhouse gases

Spiritual health can best be described as

having a sense of meaning and purpose in one's life.

All of the following are consequences of population growth EXCEPT

higher carrying capacity of the earth

The physiological state in which all body systems are in balance and functioning normally is

homeostasis

The typical-use failure rate for a contraception method takes into account which of the following?

human error

To manage stress, the first step is to

identify and assess the stressors in your life.

Countries with the largest per capita "ecological footprint"

include the United States

Health promotion

includes policies, programs, and financial support for initiatives that promote health.

The expected number of years of life remaining at a given age, such as at birth, is known as:

life expectancy.

The main site of alcohol metabolism is the

liver

Keisha has a negative attitude about life and puts herself down all the time. Keisha is displaying

low self-esteem

Regular physical activity has been linked to all of the following EXCEPT

lower life expectancy

The two contraceptive methods most commonly used by college students are

male condoms and birth control pills

The model of health that is concerned with curing disease affecting a particular tissue or organ is the

medical model

Which of the following activities slows respiratory rate and blood pressure, and over time changes the structure of the brain?

meditation

Exercise helps with weight control by increasing the body's

metabolic rate

The stress hormone cortisol plays a major role during the stress response in

mobilizing nutrients to meet energy needs.

Obesity is responsible for

more than 40% higher healthcare costs as compared to non-obese populations.

Approximately what percentage of Americans currently uses one or more prescription drugs?

nearly 50 percent

You want to decrease your risk of developing an infectious disease. Which of the following factors is within your individual control?

nutritional status

A 20-year-old female with a BMI of 34 would be categorized as

obese.

An IUD

offers protection from pregnancy for 3 to 12 years.

Spiritual health is one of the key dimensions of

overall health

The feeling that you are overextended and that it's not possible for you to meet all the demands being placed up on you is known as

overload.

Walking to class or up a flight of stairs would be examples of

physical activity

One standard drink equals

12 ounces of beer or 1.5 ounces of 80 proof liquor.

Approximately what percentage of Americans age 25 to 34 have no health insurance?

16 percent

In a 2016 survey, what percentage of college students said they had no health insurance?

3.4 percent

How long does it take for the average adult to metabolize four 12-ounce beers?

4 hours

Binge drinking is defined for the typical adult as

4 or more drinks for females or 5 or more drinks for males in about two hours.

Approximately what percentage of Americans consume alcoholic beverages regularly?

50 percent

What is the percentage of alcohol in 100 proof whiskey?

50 percent

What percentage of a person's body weight is water?

50 to 70 percent

According to a major U.S. consensus statement, most adults should get how many hours of sleep per night for optimal health?

7 or more

If you know you will be at an event where alcohol will be served, what can you do to drink responsibly?

Eat shortly before you go and alternate alcoholic and nonalcoholic drinks.

Which of the following represents the primary difference between emotional health and mental health?

Emotional health deals with feelings rather than thought processes.

Which of the following statements about college drinking is TRUE?

Female college students' alcohol consumption is close to that of male college students.

Which of the following statements about food waste is TRUE?

Food waste is the largest source of U.S. municipal solid waste.

High blood levels of this type of cholesterol appear to reduce the risk of atherosclerosis, or cholesterol-clogged arteries.

HDL

Which statement BEST summarizes what happens when particulate matter condenses in the lungs?

It forms tar, which is a thick, brownish sludge.

Which of the following statements about nicotine is TRUE?

It is a powerful central nervous system stimulant.

Regular aerobic exercise can reduce which type of cholesterol, known as "bad cholesterol"?

LDLs

The health insurance program jointly funded by the states and the federal government that provides coverage for low-income individuals and families

Medicaid

Which of the following is TRUE about emergency contraceptive pills?

Multiple brands are available over-the-counter with no age restrictions.

Which of the following statements about suicide is true?

People are at increased risk for suicide if they identify as LGBT.

Which of the following statements about Internet addiction is true?

People with Internet addiction tend to have lower grades and poorer job performance than others who are not addicted.

Which of the following is an example of a SMART goal?

Reduce my weekend alcohol consumption from 4 or more drinks per night to no more than 3 drinks per night.

According to the PERMA model, which of the following strategies is most likely to enhance your well-being?

Set realistic goals and pursue them with effort.

Which of the following statements about college students and tobacco use is true?

Smoking has decreased among college students during the past decade.

Which of the following is TRUE with respect to genetics and obesity?

a healthy lifestyle cannot override obesity genes

Fossil fuels are

a significant source of carbon emissions.

A pop quiz in class is an example of

a stressor.

The excessive use of a drug is

abuse

Which type of exercise is BEST for improving cardiorespiratory fitness?

aerobic

Molecules that are the building blocks of protein are

amino acids.

Which type of immunity occurs when antibodies develop in response to a vaccine?

artificially acquired active immunity

Which of the following provides a ready source of energy for daily activities?

carbohydrates

Self-care can include

checking your blood pressure

All of the following are examples of resources that reduce carbon emissions EXCEPT

coal

David spends four hours a day lifting weights and is at the point of obsession about his fitness routine to the extent that he will miss classes and outings with friends so he can go to the gym. He most likely suffers from which of the following disorders?

exercise addiction

Adequate sleep may enhance intellectual health in all the following ways EXCEPT by

expending energy

A 26-year-old male would be considered obese if he

has a body mass index of 30 or higher.

How does sleep deprivation affect drivers?

impairs motor skills

Healthy People 2020 is a plan designed to

improve the quality of life and years of life for all Americans.

What percentage of adult Americans are obese?

more than 30 percent but less than 40 percent

Which of the following is NOT an example of a barrier method of birth control?

oral contraceptives

Disease-causing agents are called

pathogens

A person with strong core muscles has a more stable center of gravity and

reduced chance of injury

The three facets of human spirituality are

relationships, values, and purpose in life.

Which of the following is a key component of healthy relationships?

treating others with respect

Potent and essential organic compounds that promote growth and help to maintain life and health are

vitamins

Which of the following is an example of altruism?

volunteering at an animal shelter

Insomnia is often characterized by

waking up frequently during the night.

The achievement of the highest level of health possible in each of several dimensions is

wellness

One reason that the effects of alcohol are different for women and men is that

women have less water in their tissues than men