Heart Chapter 19

amplifies

An instrument called the electrocardiograph ______________ these signals and produces a record on a moving paper chart.

FALSE

Atrial contraction accounts for most of the ventricular filling.

bicuspid valve

Between left atrium and left ventricle

aortic semilunar valve

Between left ventricle and ascending aorta

tricuspid valve

Between right atrium and right ventricle

pulmonary semilunar valve

Between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk

Arteries

Carry blood away from the heart

Veins

Carry blood back to the heart

desmosomes.

Cell-to-cell junctions, called intercalated discs, contain distinct structural features called gap junctions and T-tubules. myofilaments. desmosomes. branching.

X -Oxygenated blood enters the left atrium. -Oxygenated blood enters the right atrium. X -The right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs. -The left ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs. X -Pulmonary veins pass blood into the left atrium whereas pulmonary arteries carry blood away from the right ventricle. -Pulmonary veins pass blood into the right atrium whereas pulmonary arteries carry blood away from the left ventricle.

Check all of the ways in which the heart chambers are involved in pulmonary circulation.

Cells are long and cylindrical. X Cells are short and branching. Cells have multiple nuclei at the periphery of the cell. X Cells have one or two nuclei in the center of the cell. X They are composed of thick and thin filaments. X The functional contractile unit is the sarcomere.

Check all that are characteristics of cardiac muscle.

The AV valves open to allow blood to enter the ventricles from the atria. The semilunar valves remain closed throughout systole to prevent backflow of blood into the ventricles. X The semilunar valves open to allow blood to flow into the large arteries. X The AV valves close to prevent backflow of blood into the atria.

Check all that occur during ventricular systole.

electrodes

Electric currents in the heart can be detected by means of ______________ applied to the skin.

Preload

If the right ventricle begins to pump an increased amount of blood, this soon arrives at the left ventricle, stretches it more than before, and causes it to increase its stroke volume and match that of the right. This is an example of

ventricles

In the SL valves, when the pressure in the __________ is greater than the pressure in the arteries, the semilunar valves are forced open.

pectinate muscles

In the right atrium, the auricle and anterior wall exhibit obvious muscular ridges called

Aortic Valve

Left ventricular contraction propels blood through which valve? Pulmonary valve Aortic valve Left atrioventricular (bicuspid) valve Right atrioventricular (mitral) valve

Right Atrium

Oxygen-poor blood enters which chamber of the heart? Right ventricle Left atrium Left ventricle Right atrium

1. Fibrous layer of the pericardial sac 2. Serous layer of the pericardial sac 3. Pericardial cavity 4. Epicardium 5. Myocardium 6. Endocardium

Place the heart wall structures in the order you would find them, beginning with the most superficial one first.

1. Sinoatrial (SA) node 2. Atrioventricular (AV) node 3. Atrioventricular (AV) bundle 4. Left and right bundle branches 5. Purkinje fibers

Place the locations of the heart's conducting system in order, beginning with the location where the heartbeat is initiated.

1. Blood leaves the right side of the heart. 2. Blood enters the pulmonary arteries and travels to the lungs. 3. Blood enters the pulmonary veins. 4. Blood enters the left side of the heart. 5. Blood enters the systemic arteries. 6. Blood delivers oxygen to the tissues, and then enters systemic veins.

Put the pattern of circulation into the correct order, beginning with the pulmonary circulation.

Depolarizes

The P wave is produced when a signal from the SA node spreads through the atria and _______________ them.

True

The P wave of the ECG coincides with ventricular filling.

ventricular

The QRS complex is produced when the signal from the AV node spreads through the ____________ myocardium and depolarizes the muscle.

diastole

The T wave is generated by ventricular repolarization immediately before _____________.

First heart sound

The __________ is a low-pitched sound caused by vibration of the atrioventricular valves and surrounding fluid as the valves close at the beginning of ventricular systole.

ventricular diastole

The atrioventricular valves open during ventricular systole. ventricular diastole. atrial systole. atrial diastole. both atrial and ventricular systole.

FALSE

The audible heart sounds are caused by the contraction of the atria and ventricles.

sinoatrial node

The cells of the ___________ act as the heart's pacemaker, which establishes the pace for cardiac activity. atrioventricular (AV) node sinoatrial (SA) node atrioventricular (AV) bundle Purkinje cells

T

The chart includes three principle deflections above and below the baseline; the P wave, QRS complex, and the ___ wave.

visceral

The inner layer of the serosal pericardium is a thin, transparent layer of simple squamous epithelium called the __________ pericardium.

Tricuspid Valve

The right atrioventricular valve is also called the mitral valve. tricuspid valve. bicuspid valve. left atrioventricular valve.

ventricular diastole

The semilunar valves close during ventricular systole. ventricular diastole. atrial systole. atrial diastole. both atrial and ventricular systole.

sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, atrioventricular bundle, bundle branches, Purkinje fibers.

The sequence of travel by an action potential through the heart is

X Greater concentration of Na+ outside the cell No Na+/K+ pump X Greater concentration of K+ inside the cell X Calcium (Ca2+) gradient with more calcium outside the cell

What are the individual ion contributions to the resting membrane potential (RMP) of the SA nodal cells? Check all that apply.

AV

When atrial pressure is greater than ventricular pressure, the ___________ valves open.

arterial

When ventricular pressure is lower than ______________ pressure, arterial blood holds the semilunar valves closed.

closed

When ventricular pressure rises above atrial pressure, the blood in the ventricle pushes the AV valves ________.

Mediastinum

Which of the following is the region of the thoracic cavity where the heart is located?