Heart study guid

What occurs at the area labeled "C" on the graph? Ventricular filling begins. Semilunar valve opens. Semilunar valve closes. AV valve closes. AV valve opens.

AV valve closes

________ is the symptom generally brought on by coronary ischemia. Fluid in the lungs Hematuria Memory loss Angina pectoris A rash

Angina pectoris

The ________ carry blood away from the heart. capillaries veins arterioles venules arteries

arteries

What occurs at the circle labeled "3" on the graph? atrial diastole and ventricle systole atrial systole atrial ejection isovolumetric relaxation ventricular ejection

atrial diastole and ventricle systole

On an ECG, what phase of the cardiac cycle is masked by the QRS complex? atrial repolarization ventricular depolarization ventricular repolarization atrial depolarization

atrial repolarization

The earlike extension of the atrium is the auricle. coronary sulcus. interatrial septum. ventricle. coronary sinus.

auricle

The property of heart muscle to contract in the absence of neural or hormonal stimulation is called self-replicating. automaticity. self-starting. intrinsic. extrinsic.

automaticity

In a procedure known as ________, an inflatable balloon at the end of a catheter is used to press plaque back against the vessel wall. intravenous catheterization ablation balloon angioplasty coronary arterial bypass graft atherectomy

balloon angioplasty

The superior portion of the heart where major blood vessels enter and exit is the base. apex. hilum. mediastinum. septum.

base

Activation of which kind of receptor causes heart rate to increase? beta-two muscarinic alpha-one preganglionic beta-one

beta-one

The bicuspid or mitral valve is located in the opening of the aorta. in the opening of the pulmonary trunk. between the right atrium and right ventricle. where the venae cavae join the right atrium. between the left atrium and left ventricle.

between the left atrium and left ventricle.

A slower-than-normal heart rate is called tachycardia. hypercardia. procardia. hypocardia. bradycardia.

bradycardia

________ is to slow heart rate as ________ is to fast heart rate. Bradycardia; cardiomyopathy Bradycardia; tachycardia Tachycardia; bradycardia Angina; infarction Cardiac tamponade; bradycardia

bradycardia; tachycardia

Most of the middle layer in the heart wall is composed of cardiac muscle cells. fibrocytes. chondrocytes. smooth muscle cells. epithelial cells.

cardiac muscle cells

The term used to describe fluid collecting in the pericardial cavity that restricts the movement of the heart is known as cardiac tamponade. mitral valve prolapse. pleural effusion. pericarditis. cardiomyopathy.

cardiac tamponade

The first heart sound ("lubb") is associated with atrial systole. opening of the semilunar valves. opening of the atrioventricular valves. closing of the atrioventricular valves. closing of the semilunar valves.

closing of the atrioventricular valves.

The function of an atrium is to pump blood to the ventricle. store blood for use by the myocardial cells. pump blood to the lungs. collect blood then pump it to the ventricle. pump blood into the systemic circuit.

collect blood then pump it to the ventricle

The P wave of the electrocardiogram is closely followed by __________. contraction of both ventricles relaxation of both atria contraction of both atria relaxation of the ventricles

contraction of both atria

As blood leaves the right ventricle, it passes through the ________ and then into the pulmonary trunk. aorta conus arteriosus superior vena cava inferior vena cava pulmonary veins

conus arteriosus

The first blood vessels to branch from the aorta are the ________ arteries. carotid coronary subclavian pulmonary circumflex

coronary

A procedure in which a length of the patient's vein or artery is used to create a detour around an obstruction in a coronary artery is called atherectomy. ablation. coronary artery bypass graft. intravenous catheterization. balloon angioplasty

coronary artery bypass graft

The term ________ refers to blockage in the coronary circulation. phlebitis coronary artery disease congestive heart failure atherosclerosis embolism

coronary artery disease

The great and middle cardiac veins drain blood into the aorta. coronary sulcus. inferior vena cava. coronary sinus. superior vena cava.

coronary sinus

Drugs that block the beta-one adrenergic receptors will decrease the end-systolic volume. increase heart rate. increase cardiac output. decrease heart rate. increase contractility.

decrease heart rate

John encounters a bear while hiking. His heart will respond in all of the following ways except increasing heart rate. increasing venous return. increasing contractility. decreasing heart rate and contractility. increasing preload.

decreasing heart rate and contractility

The P wave of the electrocardiogram is a signal from depolarization of the AV node. depolarization of the ventricles. the SA node. repolarization of the atria. depolarization of the atria.

depolarization of the atria

The relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle is called systole. depolarization. diastole. asystole. hyperpolarization.

diastole

What volume is labeled "F" on the graph? end-systolic volume end-diastolic volume cardiac output total cardiac volume stroke volume

end-diastolic volume

What volume is labeled "G" on the graph? end-diastolic volume cardiac output stroke volume end-systolic volume ejection fraction

end-systolic volume

The visceral pericardium is the same as the mediastinum. epicardium. myocardium. endocardium. parietal pericardium.

epicardium

The structure that permits blood flow from the right atrium to the left atrium in the fetal circulation is the foramen ovale. coronary sinus. interatrial septum. ligamentum arteriosus. fossa ovalis.

foramen ovale

The pulmonary veins carry blood to the intestines. liver. heart. lungs. brain.

heart

If the pacemaker cells in the SA node become more permeable to potassium ions, the cells will depolarize. heart rate will decrease. heart rate will increase. cells will hyperpolarize. heart rate will decrease and cells will hyperpolarize.

heart rate will decrease and cells will hyperpolarize.

The atrioventricular valves permit blood flow in one direction only. in both directions. in opposite directions on the right and left. in many directions. from a ventricle to an atrium.

in one direction only

During ventricular systole, the blood pressure __________ and ventricular volume __________. decreases; decreases decreases; increases increases; increases increases; decreases

increases; decreases

The foramen ovale in the fetal heart is located in the left atrium. left ventricle. right atrium. right ventricle. interatrial septum.

interatrial septum

Which chamber has the thickest wall? left atrium right atrium right ventricle left auricle left ventricle

left ventricle

The pulmonary arteries carry blood to the lungs. brain. intestines. heart. liver.

lungs

In the middle of the thoracic cavity is a region occupied by the heart, great vessels, thymus, esophagus, and trachea called the pericardial space. ventral cavity. pleural space. mediastinum. cardiac notch.

mediastinum

Abnormal heart sounds caused by turbulent flow through faulty valves are called asystole. fibrillations. ectopic foci. murmurs. flutters.

murmurs

The muscle layer of the heart is the epicardium. parietal pericardium. myocardium. endocardium. mediastinum.

myocardium

The pulmonary veins carry __________ blood to the __________ atrium. deoxygenated; right oxygenated; right deoxygenated; left oxygenated; left

oxygenated; left

The right pulmonary veins carry ________ blood to the ________. oxygenated; left atrium deoxygenated; superior vena cava deoxygenated; left atrium oxygenated; right lung deoxygenated; right atrium

oxygenated; left atrium

Identify the structure(s) labeled "8." papillary muscles trabeculae carneae moderator band chordae tendineae pectinate muscles

papillary muscles

Thick projections of muscle in the ventricles that anchor chordae tendineae are called auricles. papillary muscles. conus arteriosus. pectinate muscles. trabeculae carneae.

papillary muscles

What occurs at the circle labeled "5" on the graph? increased heart rate isovolumetric contraction peak systolic pressure ventricular refilling isovolumetric systole

peak systolic pressure

Prominent muscular ridges in the anterior atrial wall and auricles are called conus arteriosus. pectinate muscles. trabeculae carneae. papillary muscles. fossa ovalis.

pectinate muscles

The heart lies within the ________ cavity. dorsal pleural orbital peritoneal pericardial

pericardial

The papillary muscles function to __________. push blood from the atria into the ventricles prevent the AV valves from inverting into the atria close the AV valves eject blood from the ventricles

prevent the AV valves from inverting into the atria

Contractions of the papillary muscles eject blood from the atria into the ventricles. close the atrioventricular valves. eject blood from the ventricles. prevent the atrioventricular valves from reversing into the atria. close the semilunar valves.

prevent the atrioventricular valves from reversing into the atria

Oxygen is added to blood as it flows through the ________ circuit. primary systemic oxygen portal pulmonary

pulmonary

The ________ circuit carries blood to and from the lungs. systemic primary portal oxygen pulmonary

pulmonary

Identify the structure labeled "19." aortic semilunar valve bicuspid valve ligamentum arteriosum tricuspid valve pulmonary semilunar valve

pulmonary semilunar valve

Blood leaves the right ventricle by passing through the aortic valve. pulmonary valve. tricuspid valve. bicuspid valve. mitral valve.

pulmonary valve

The backward flow of blood from a ventricle to its atrium or from a outflow vessel to its ventricle is called fibrillation. regurgitation. flutter. emesis. stenosis.

regurgitation

One possible consequence of untreated strep throat is a disease causing inflammation of heart called rheumatic fever. rheumatoid arthritis. coronary thrombosis. coronary ischemia. angina pectoris.

rheumatic fever

The right ventricle pumps blood to the aorta. right atrium. right and left lungs. left atrium. left ventricle.

right and left lungs

Blood flowing in the vena cava will next enter the __________. right atrium right ventricle left atrium left ventricle

right atrium

Blood returning to the heart from the systemic circuit first enters the right ventricle. right atrium. left atrium. left ventricle. conus arteriosus.

right atrium

The pulmonary valve prevents backward flow into the pulmonary trunk. aorta. left atrium. pulmonary veins. right ventricle.

right ventricle

Which of the following are involved in the pulmonary circuit? superior vena cava, right atrium, left ventricle inferior vena cava, right atrium, aorta right ventricle, pulmonary trunk, left atrium right ventricle, pulmonary veins, aorta left ventricle, pulmonary veins, right atrium

right ventricle, pulmonary trunk, left atrium

What occurs at "A" on the graph? end systolic volume Semilunar valve opens. AV valve closes. Semilunar valve closes. AV valve opens

semilunar valve closes

What occurs at the area labeled "B" on the graph? Semilunar valve opens. Ventricular ejection occurs. AV valve closes. AV valve opens. Semilunar valve closes.

semilunar valve closes

The basic heartrate established by the SA node is called the pacemaker potential. sinus rhythm. SA potential. action potential. vagal tone.

sinus rhythm

What volume is labeled "E" on the graph? total cardiac volume stroke volume end-diastolic volume end-systolic volume cardiac output

stroke volume

The ________ circuit carries blood from the aorta to the right atrium. pulmonary oxygen portal primary systemic

systemic

The contraction phase of the cardiac cycle is called diastole. hyperpolarization. systole. depolarization. asystole.

systole

The phase in the cardiac cycle when the mitral valve is closed and the aortic valve is open is the late diastolic filling phase. early diastolic filling phase. systolic ejection phase. atrial systole. dicrotic phase.

systolic ejection phase

A faster-than-normal heart rate is called hypercardia. bradycardia. tachycardia. procardia. hypocardia.

tachycardia

Blood is supplied to the myocardium by contact with blood in the pumping chambers. the coronary arteries. arteries that branch off the subclavian arteries. the coronary sinus. arteries that branch from the pulmonary arteries.

the coronary arteries

The wall of the left ventricle is thicker than that of the right and the left ventricle pumps more blood than the right. Are these two statements true or false? Both statements are true. Both statements are false. The first is true; the second is false. The first is false; the second is true.

the first is true; the second is false

The normal pacemaker of the heart is located in the wall of the left ventricle. the sinoatrial node. the Purkinje fibers. the atrioventricular node. both the left and right ventricles.

the sinoatrial node

If the connection between the SA node and AV node becomes blocked, cardiac output will increase. the ventricular beat will remain unchanged. the ventricles will beat more slowly. the atria will contract more forcefully. the ventricles will beat faster.

the ventricles will beat more slowly

Muscular ridges on the inner surface of the ventricles are called intercalated discs. coronary sinuses. trabeculae carneae. papillary muscles. chordae tendineae.

trabeculae carneae

Which chamber receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary circuit? 5 16 10 13 both 5 and 16

16

There are ________ pulmonary veins. 12 8 6 4 2

4

The following are structural components of the conducting system of the heart. 1. Purkinje fibers 2. AV bundle 3. AV node 4. SA node 5. bundle branches The sequence in which excitation would move through this system is 3, 2, 4, 5, 1. 3, 5, 4, 2, 1. 1, 4, 3, 2, 5. 4, 3, 2, 5, 1. 4, 2, 3, 5, 1.

4,3,2,5,1

The following is a list of vessels and structures that are associated with the heart. What is the correct order for the flow of blood entering from the systemic circulation? 1. right atrium 2. left atrium 3. right ventricle 4. left ventricle 5. venae cavae 6. aorta 7. pulmonary trunk 8. pulmonary veins 5, 3, 1, 7, 8, 4, 2, 6 5, 1, 3, 7, 8, 2, 4, 6 5, 1, 3, 8, 7, 2, 4, 6 1, 7, 3, 8, 2, 4, 6, 5 1, 2, 7, 8, 3, 4, 6, 5

5, 1, 3, 7, 8, 2, 4, 6

Considering the left ventricle, why does isovolumetric ventricular contraction occur during ventricular systole? The bicuspid valve needs time to shut before the ventricle can eject blood. Ventricular pressure is greater than atrial pressure so the ventricle cannot eject blood. The ventricle needs to pressurize the blood to close the aortic valve. Aortic pressure is higher than ventricular pressure and the ventricle must pressurize the blood to open the aortic valve. The ventricle is still filling with blood and therefore cannot eject blood during this time.

Aortic pressure is higher than ventricular pressure and the ventricle must pressurize the blood to open the aortic valve.

The ________ valve prevents backward flow into the left atrium. bicuspid semilunar tricuspid semicaval pulmonic

Bicuspid

________ is when the heart can't maintain adequate cardiac output. Flutter Murmur Coronary heart disease Heart failure Fibrillation

Heart failure

Depolarization of the atria corresponds to the EKG's QT interval. P wave. S-T segment. QRS complex. T wave.

P wave

Abnormally slow depolarization of the ventricles would most change the shape of the ________ in an ECG tracing. P-R interval QRS complex T wave P wave R-T interval

QRS complex

Depolarization of the ventricles is represented on an electrocardiogram by the QRS complex. S wave. PR complex. P wave. T wave.

QRS complex

Which of the following is not true regarding the right atrioventricular valve? It prevents backflow of blood from the right ventricle into the right atrium. It has 3 cusps. The valve closes when the right atrium contracts. The cusps provide one-way flow of blood. It is also called the tricuspid valve.

The valve closes when the right atrium contracts

The adult heart is roughly the size of the liver. the hand of a 10-year-old. the gallbladder. a man's clenched fist. the brain.

a man's clenched fist

How is heart rate controlled? Dual innervation controls the heart rate. Parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions of the ANS control heart rate. Heart rate is controlled through the cardiac plexus. All the listed answers are correct.

all the listed answers are correct

The left ventricle pumps blood to the aorta. right ventricle. right atrium. pulmonary circuit. lungs.

aorta

The __________ valve prevents backward flow of blood into the left ventricle. tricuspid pulmonary bicuspid aortic

aortic

The inferior point of the heart is called the apex. hilum. septum. base. mediastinum.

apex

What occurs at the circle labeled "4" on the graph? sympathetic stimulation ventricular ejection ventricular filling isovolumetric ventricular contraction isovolumetric ventricular relaxation

isovolumetic ventricular contraction

What occurs at the circle labeled "7" on the graph? ventricular filling sympathetic stimulation isovolumetric ventricular relaxation isovolumetric ventricular contraction ventricular ejection

isovolumetric ventricular relaxation

Which statement correctly describes the term left atrioventricular valve? Its cusps open into the left atrium. Its cusps open into the superior vena cava. Its cusps open into the pulmonary trunk. Its cusps open into the left ventricle. Its cusps open into the aorta.

it cusps open into the left ventricle

Blood returning to the heart from the pulmonary circuit first enters the right atrium. right ventricle. left ventricle. conus arteriosus. left atrium.

left atrium

Blood returning to the heart from the pulmonary circuit first enters the __________. pulmonary valve pulmonary trunk left atrium right atrium

left atrium

In mitral valve prolapse, the cusps of the mitral valve are pushed into the left ventricle. right ventricle. aorta. right atrium. left atrium.

left atrium

The circumflex branch and the anterior interventricular artery are branches of the aorta. coronary sinus. interventricular artery. right coronary artery. left coronary artery.

left coronary artery

The ________ carry blood toward the heart. arteries lacteals veins arterioles capillaries

veins

The T wave on an ECG tracing represents ventricular contraction. ventricular depolarization. atrial repolarization. ventricular repolarization. atrial depolarization.

ventricular repolarization

The epicardium is also known as the __________. endocardium parietal pericardium myocardium visceral pericardium

visceral pericardium