Herlihy-Evolve Chapter 10 - Nervous System: Nervous Tissue and Brain Practice Test

Hydrocephalus

"water on the brain"- accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid

The emetic center

1. is located within the brain stem and concerned with vomiting. 2. It also receives indirect stimulation from the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ)

Help form the blood-brain barrier

Astrocytes

This area contains the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata.

Brain Stem

Which of the following does not belong? A. Afferent and sensory B. Efferent and motor C. Oligodendrocytes and phagocytosis D. Ganglia and peripheral nervous system

C. Oligodendrocytes and phagocytosis

Composed of the brain and the spinal cord

CNS

Divisions of the Nervous System

CNS- central nervous system PNS- peripheral nervous system

Separates the frontal and parietal lobes

Central sulcus

The "little brain" that coordinates voluntary muscle activity

Cerebellum

Part of the brain that contains the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes

Cerebrum

Gyri

Convulsions

Bands of white matter that join the two cerebral hemispheres

Corpus callosum

Which statement is incorrect regarding synapses and nerve impulses? A. A synapse is the space between two neurons. B. A nerve impulse of the presynaptic neuron causes the release of a neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft. C. The neurotransmitter diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to the receptors on the postsynaptic membrane. D. Activation of receptors stimulate saltatory conduction.

D. Activation of receptors stimulate saltatory conduction.

Which of the following relationships is not correct? A. Temporal lobe—hearing B. Parietal lobe—somatosensory (touch, pressure, pain) C. Occipital lobe—vision D. Frontal lobe—smell

D. Frontal lobe—smell

All the following are neurotransmitters except: A. ACh B. norepinephrine C. dopamine D. acetylcholinesterase

D. acetylcholinesterase

Tree-like structure of the neuron that receives information from another neuron and transmits that information to the cell body

Dendrite

An infratentorial tumor or supratentorial tumor locates the tumor as

Dural Membrane

Help form cerebrospinal fluid

Ependymal cells

Cerebral lobe that performs the executive functions and contains the primary motor area (cortex)

Frontal

Parts of the Cerebrum

Frontal Lobe Parietal Lobe Occipital Lobe Temporal Lobe

Clusters of cell bodies located outside the central nervous system

Ganglia

The outer meningeal layer, the dura mater, is durable. It is therefore best described as

Hard

The words cephalic, encephalitis, and cephalocele refer to

Head

Cerebral lobe that contains the primary visual cortex

Hypothalamus

Part of the diencephalon that controls body temperature (thermostat) and endocrine function by its influence on the pituitary gland

Hypothalamus

What is is most characteristic of cerebellar dysfunction

Imbalance and a wide staggering gait

Bell's Palsy

Inflammation or injury to the facial nerve

Emotional Brain

Limbic System

Other structures of the brain

Limbic system Reticular Formation Basal Nuclei

Broca's Area

Located in the Frontal Lobe

Gustatory

Located in the Parietal Area associated with Tase

Part of the brain stem called the vital center

Medulla Oblongata

Pia mater, arachnoid mater, and dura mater

Meninges

Engage in phagocytosis

Microglia

Parts of the Brain Stem

Midbrain Pons Medulla Oblangata Cerebellum

White insulating material that surrounds the axon; increases the speed of the signal traveling along the axon

Myelin sheath

Includes the astrocyte and ependymal cells

Neoroglia

Short segments of an axon that are not covered with myelin; allow for saltatory conduction

Nodes of Ranvier

Make myelin in the central nervous system

Oligodendrocytes

Parts of the Meninges

PAD Pia mater arachnoid mater dura mater

Cerebral lobe that contains the primary somatosensory area

Parietal

Types of Neuroglia

Schwann Cells Astrocytes Microglia Ependymal cells Oligodendrocytes

Form myelin in the peripheral nervous system

Schwann cells

A patient suffering a brain attack or stroke may experience aphasia or dysphasia. Which of the following functions is affected?

Speech

Cerebral lobe that contains the primary auditory cortex

Temporal

Parts of the Diencephalon

Thalamus Hypothalamus

Palsy

a generalized term that refers to a loss of a motor function

synapse

a junction or meeting place for 2 neurons

Parkinson's Disease

a movement disorder characterized by tremors or shaking of the extremities

Polarize

a separation of electrical charge

Also described as sensory neurons

afferent

Depolarization and repolarization

are phases of the action potential

The hypothalamus

assist the pituitary gland

Temporal Lobe

associated with hearing

Occipital Lobe

associated with vision

Part of the neuron that carries the action potential away from the cell body

axon

Wernicke's Area

broad region located in the parietal and temporal lobes. Damage to this area can result in severe language comprehension.

Contralateral Neglect Syndrome

caused by a lesion in the parietal lobe. A person is unaware of the opposite side of their body. They dress oe side or eat on one side or shave on one side.

Choroid Plexus

cerebrospinal fluid is formed here located in the braim a grape like collection of blood vessels and ependymal cells

Reticular activating system (RAS)

consciousness is a state of wakefulness

Also described as motor neurons

efferent

The CNS

has four protective structures- the bone, meninges, cerebrospinal fluid, and the blood-brain barrier

Basal Ganglia

help regulate body movement and facial expression

Basal nuclei

help regulate body movement and facial expression

CNS

includes the brain and the spinal cord

REM sleep

is characterized by fluctuating blood pressure, respiratory rate, and pulse rate

Saltatory conduction

is due to the arrangement of myelin on an axon

PNS

is located outside of the CNS and consists of nerves that connects the CNS with the rest of the body

When you are hungry, putting food in your mouth is an example of:

motor function

Basal Nuclei

smooths out and coordinates skeletal activity

A cerebrovascular accident is a

stroke

The limbic system is

the emotional brain

The medulla oblongata is

the reflex center for coughing, sneezing, swallowing, and vomiting

Neurology

the study of structure, function, and organic disorders of the nervous system

Cerebrospinal fluid circulates in all of the following:

ventricles, central canal, and the subarachnoid space