Hesi Fundamentals Questions
Which action would relieve pain in the postoperative patient? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. A. Administer regional analgesia B. Administer nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) C. Apply hot packs on the incision site D. Administer opioid analgesics E. Assist the patient in repositioning.
A. Administer regional analgesia B. Administer nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) D. Administer opioid analgesics E. Assist the patient in repositioning.
Which condition warrants the use of cold therapy? A. Direct trauma B. Rectal surgery C. Painful hemorrhoids D. Vaginal inflammation
A. Direct trauma
Which possible cause of sudden onset of confusion in an elderly patient would the nurse review in the patient history? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. A. Infections B. Drug history C. Food allergy D. Heart failure E. Congenital anomalies
A. Infections B. Drug history D. Heart failure
After a surgical patient has been given preoperative sedatives, which safety precaution would the nurse take? A. Reinforce to the patient that he or she should remain in bed or on the stretcher. B. Raise the side rails and keep the bed or stretcher in the high position. C. Determine if the patient has any allergies to latex. D. Obtain informed consent immediately after sedative administration.
A. Reinforce to the patient that he or she should remain in bed or on the stretcher.
Which communication technique is nontherapeutic? A. Sympathizing B. Focusing C. Clarifying D. Summarizing
A. Sympathizing
Which factor increases the risk of injury when applying heat therapy to a wound for a patient with a spinal cord injury? A. Thinner layers of skin B. Alteration in nerve pathways C. Rupture and systemic infection D. Decreased peripheral circulation
A. Thinner layers of skin
Which statement pertaining to the use of insulin is appropriate? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. A. The insulin vial should be shaken well before drawing the injection. B. Insulin should not be mixed with any other medication. C. Insulin detemir should not be mixed with any insulin. D. Insulin glargine should be mixed only with regular insulin. E. Rapid-acting insulin mixed with intermediate-acting (NPH) insulin should be given along with meals.
B. Insulin should not be mixed with any other medication. C. Insulin detemir should not be mixed with any insulin.
While inspecting the area around a patient's anus, the nurse notices lesions; discoloration; inflammation; and dilated, engorged veins in the rectum. Which instruction provided by the nurse will help manage the patient's condition? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. A. "Take codeine as prescribed." B. "Take loperamide as prescribed." C."Take warm sitz baths frequently." D. "Include meats and carbohydrates in your diet." E. "Perform regular exercise."
C. "Take warm sitz baths frequently." E. "Perform regular exercise."
How would you assess sensitivity to superficial pain? A. Touch the patient with the sharp side of a broken tongue blade. B. Have the patient keep his or her eyes open. C. Allow 2 seconds between stimuli. D. Both A and C.
C. Allow 2 seconds between stimuli.
The nurse is caring for a client with the following arterial blood gas (ABG) values: PO 2 89 mm Hg, PCO 235 mm Hg, and pH of 7.37. These findings indicate that the client is experiencing which condition? A. Respiratory alkalosis B. Poor oxygen perfusion C. Normal acid-base balance D. Compensated metabolic acidosis
C. Normal acid-base balance
The registered nurse is teaching a patient about the use of cold therapy in acute pain management. Which patient statement indicates a need for further teaching? A. "I will apply ice 2 to 5 times a day." B. "I will apply ice with a lightweight cover, with firm pressure to my skin." C."I will apply ice within a 6-inch circular area near where I have pain." D. "I will place ice between my thumb and index finger if I have shoulder pain."
D. "I will place ice between my thumb and index finger if I have shoulder pain."
Which diagnostic test provides instant feedback about a patient's oxygenation status? A. Capnography B. Bronchoscopy C. Thoracentesis D. Pulse oximetry
D. Pulse oximetry
Which diagnostic test provides instant feedback about a patient's oxygenation status? A. Capnography B. Bronchoscopy C. Thoracentesis D. Pulse oximetry
D. Pulse oximetry
Which patient would require the use of heat therapy? Patient A Painful hemorrhoids Patient B Severe burns Patient C Superficial laceration Patient D Cardiovascular disease
Patient A
A nursing student reviews the steps to be performed during a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) procedure. Which statement by the student indicates effective learning? A. "The patient should be screened for metal." B. "The patient should be instructed to not take any sedatives the day of the test." C. "The patient should stop drinking fluids 1 to 3 hou before an examination." D. "A patient with a pacemaker can have an MRI procedure."
A. "The patient should be screened for metal."
A nursing student reviews the steps to be performed during a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) procedure. Which statement by the student indicates effective learning? A. "The patient should be screened for metal." B. "The patient should be instructed to not take any sedatives the day of the test." C. "The patient should stop drinking fluids 1 to 3 hours before an examination." D. "A patient with a pacemaker can have an MRI procedure."
A. "The patient should be screened for metal."
The nurse cares for a patient who has hemorrhoids. Which advice would the nurse give to the patient to relieve discomfort? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. A. "Using an ice pack can help you feel better for a while." B. "Taking an antidiarrheal agent will help you if the problem persists." C. "Using a warm sitz bath can give you temporary pain relief." D. "Exercising regularly might help you have regular bowel movements." E. "Restricting the amount of water you drink daily is beneficial."
A. "Using an ice pack can help you feel better for a while." C. "Using a warm sitz bath can give you temporary pain relief." D. "Exercising regularly might help you have regular bowel movements."
When using ice massage for pain relief, which procedure is correct? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. A. Apply ice using firm pressure over the skin. B. Apply ice until numbness occurs and remove the ice for 5 to 10 minutes. C. Apply ice until numbness occurs and discontinue application. D. Apply ice for no longer than 10 minutes. E.Apply ice directly to the surface of the skin.
A. Apply ice using firm pressure over the skin. B. Apply ice until numbness occurs and remove the ice for 5 to 10 minutes.
A nursing student is providing cold therapy for a patient who has painful and inflamed joints. Which action performed by the nursing student indicates a need for further learning? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. A. Applying an ice pack directly on the inflamed joint B. Providing massage with ice cube for 10 to 15 minutes C. Providing slow, steady, and circular massage over the affected area D. Applying massage to the opposite side of the body that corresponds to the pain site E. Providing massage using frozen water in a cup within a 6-inch circular area near the pain site
A. Applying an ice pack directly on the inflamed joint B. Providing massage with ice cube for 10 to 15 minutes
Which intervention would the nurse perform to teach the patient how to self-administer insulin? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. A. Check the visual acuity of the patient. B. Instruct the patient about the appropriate storage of insulin. C. Demonstrate rotation of insulin site injections. D. Demonstrate the preparation of a single insulin preparation. E. Instruct the patient not to titrate the insulin dose based on glucose monitoring.
A. Check the visual acuity of the patient. B. Instruct the patient about the appropriate storage of insulin. C. Demonstrate rotation of insulin site injections. D. Demonstrate the preparation of a single insulin preparation.
A patient needs to undergo intravenous pyelography (IVP). Which preparation would the nurse perform before starting the procedure? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. A. Cleanse the patient's bowel. B. Assess for allergies. C. Encourage the patient to drink fluids to promote dye excretion. D. Restrict food and fluid intake up to 4 hours before the test. E. Assess for delayed hypersensitivity to the contrast media.
A. Cleanse the patient's bowel. B. Assess for allergies. C. Restrict food and fluid intake up to 4 hours before the test.
A patient needs to undergo intravenous pyelography (IVP). Which preparation would the nurse perform before starting the procedure? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. A. Cleanse the patient's bowel. B. Assess for allergies. C. Encourage the patient to drink fluids to promote dye excretion. D. Restrict food and fluid intake up to 4 hours before the test. E. Assess for delayed hypersensitivity to the contrast media.
A. Cleanse the patient's bowel. B. Assess for allergies. C. Restrict food and fluid intake up to 4 hours before the test.
When arterial blood gas results for an alert client who is in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) after abdominal surgery are pH 7.37, PaCO 2 42 mm Hg (5.59 kPa), HCO 3 25 mEq (25 mmol/L), PaO 2 65 mm Hg (8.64 kPa), and SaO 2 90% (0.90), which action would the nurse take? A. Increase the oxygen flow rate. B. Insert an oropharyngeal airway. C. Suction the oropharynx and upper trachea. D. Prepare to transfer the client out of the PACU.
A. Increase the oxygen flow rate.
Which information would the nurse provide to the patient to ensure correct self- administration of insulin? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. A. Insulin is given as a subcutaneous injection. B. The insulin is absorbed more quickly when injected into the abdomen. C. The site of injection should be changed monthly. D. Once a site is chosen for injection, the same site should be used for further injections. E. The recommended sites of injection include the upper arm, thigh, abdomen, and buttocks.
A. Insulin is given as a subcutaneous injection. B. The insulin is absorbed more quickly when injected into the abdomen. E. The recommended sites of injection include the upper arm, thigh, abdomen, and buttocks.
The health care provider prescribes cold compressions for a patient with a sprain injury in the spinal area. Which assessment finding by the nurse would be a contraindication for cold therapy? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. A. Neuropathy B. Site edema C. Shivering D. Cardiovascular problems E. Altered level of consciousness
A. Neuropathy B. Site edema C. Shivering
A client is admitted to the hospital after taking an overdose of aspirin. A nasogastric tube is inserted for lavage. Which solution would the nurse obtain for the gastric lavage? A. Normal saline B. Lactated Ringer C. Citrate magnesium D. Sodium bicarbonate
A. Normal saline
subcutaneous insulin at home? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be Which information would the nurse provide the patient regarding self-administration of subcutaneous insuin af home? Select all rhat apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. A. Suggesting storing medication in its original labeled container and refrigerating it B. Teaching the patient the steps to follow for administering subcutaneous insulin C. Demonstrating and emphasizing the use of one routine subcutaneous injection site D. Evaluating the patient's understanding of adjusting the insulin dosage based on home capillary glucose readings E. Ensuring that the patient with stable, chronic insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) maintains a weekly log for insulin injections
A. Suggesting storing medication in its original labeled container and refrigerating it B. Teaching the patient the steps to follow for administering subcutaneous insulin C. Evaluating the patient's understanding of adjusting the insulin dosage based on home capillary glucose readings
Which information would the nurse provide the patient regarding self-administration of be subcutaneous insulin at home? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may correct. A. Suggesting storing medication in its original labeled container and refrigerating it B. Teaching the patient the steps to follow for administering subcutaneous insulin C. Demonstrating and emphasizing the use of one routine subcutaneous injection site D. Evaluating the patient's understanding of adjusting the insulin dosage based on home capillary glucose readings E. Ensuring that the patient with stable, chronic insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) maintains a weekly log for insulin injections
A. Suggesting storing medication in its original labeled container and refrigerating it B. Teaching the patient the steps to follow for administering subcutaneous insulin D. Evaluating the patient's understanding of adjusting the insulin dosage based on home capillary glucose readings
Which nursing measure would the nurse implement to reduce a patient's body temperature? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. A. Switch on a fan B. Apply an ice pack C. Apply an aquathermia pad D. Bathe the patient with a cool cloth E. Cover the body with dark and closely woven clothes.
A. Switch on a fan B. Apply an ice pack D. Bathe the patient with a cool cloth
Which statement describes an advantage of conscious sedation versus general anesthesia? be correct. Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. A. The patient maintains an independent airway. B. The patient has the ability to respond to verbal stimuli. C. There is a reduction of fear and anxiety. D. There is loss of sensation at the surgical site. E. The patient is unable to recall the surgery.
A. The patient maintains an independent airway. B. The patient has the ability to respond to verbal stimuli. C. There is a reduction of fear and anxiety.
Which related factor could be used for a potential diagnosis for pressure ulcers? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. A.Age extremes B. Fluid retention C. Maturational crisis D. Impaired sensation E. Physical immobilization
A.Age extremes B. Fluid retention D. Impaired sensation E. Physical immobilization
Conscious sedation is being considered for a patient undergoing a cervical dilation and endometrial biopsy in the health care provider's office. The patient asks the nurse, "What is this conscious sedation?" How would the nurse respond? A. "It can be administered only by anesthesiologists or nurse anesthetists." B. "It enables the patient to respond to commands and tolerate painful procedures." C. "It is so safe that it can be administered by nurses with direction from health care providers." D. "It should never be used outside of the operating room because of the risk of serious complications."
B. "It enables the patient to respond to commands and tolerate painful procedures."
The nurse discusses the colonoscopy procedure with a new graduate nurse and includes be correct. which information? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. A. A colonoscopy is a method of indirect visualization of the large intestine. B. A colonoscopy uses a lighted fiber-optic tube to gain visualization. C. Barium is used as the opaque contrast medium in a colonoscopy. D. A clear liquid diet is prescribed for the patient the day before the test. E. An oral contrast solution for the patient to drink may be prescribed before the test.
B. A colonoscopy uses a lighted fiber-optic tube to gain visualization. D. A clear liquid diet is prescribed for the patient the day before the test.
The nurse discusses the colonoscopy procedure with a new graduate nurse and includes which information? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. A. A colonoscopy is a method of indirect visualization of the large intestine. B. A colonoscopy uses a lighted fiber-optic tube to gain visualization. C. Barium is used as the opaque contrast medium in a colonoscopy. D. A clear liquid diet is prescribed for the patient the day before the test. E. An oral contrast solution for the patient to drink may be prescribed before the test.
B. A colonoscopy uses a lighted fiber-optic tube to gain visualization. D. A clear liquid diet is prescribed for the patient the day before the test.
Which nursing intervention would be beneficial for a patient who requires a depressed level of consciousness during surgery? A. Providing ventilatory support B. Administering intravenous midazolam to the patient C. Protecting the patient's limbs from injury until the sensation returns D. Elevating the patient's upper body to prevent respiratory paralysis
B. Administering intravenous midazolam to the patient
A patient states that she gets anxious when she thinks about giving herself insulin. Which approach to intrapersonal communication would help in this situation? A. Provide the patient the opportunity to practice drawing up insulin. B. Coach the patient to give herself positive messages about the ability to do this. C. Bring the patient written material that clearly describes the steps of insulin administration. D. Use therapeutic communication to help the patient express her feeling about giving herself an injection.
B. Coach the patient to give herself positive messages about the ability to do this.
The nurse is learning about the standards of nursing practice. Which activity is part of the practice of implementation? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. A. Developing strategies for patient care B. Educating patients for health awareness C.Analyzing assessment data for diagnosis D.Using therapeutic procedures for patient care E. Providing consultation to enhance patient care
B. Educating patients for health awareness D.Using therapeutic procedures for patient care E. Providing consultation to enhance patient care
Which component is the intervention of interest in the PICOT question that addresses the effectiveness of hot packs in comparison with the standard treatment of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) to relieve dysmenorrheal pain? A. NSAID drugs B. Hot packs C. Dysmenorrheal pain D. Women with dysmenorrhea
B. Hot packs
For a patient who has a muscle sprain, localized hemorrhage, or hematoma, which wound care product helps prevent edema formation, control bleeding, and anesthetize the body part? A. Binder B. Ice bag C. Elastic bandage D. Absorptive diaper
B. Ice bag
Which statement pertaining to the use of insulin is appropriate? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. A. The insulin vial should be shaken well before drawing the injection. B. Insulin should not be mixed with any other medication. C. Insulin detemir should not be mixed with any insulin. D. Insulin glargine should be mixed only with regular insulin. E. Rapid-acting insulin mixed with intermediate-acting (NPH) insulin should be given along with meals.
B. Insulin should not be mixed with any other medication. C. Insulin detemir should not be mixed with any insulin.
Which medicine is used for conscious sedation? A. Phenytoin B. Midazolam C. Furosemide D. Tobramycin
B. Midazolam
A 36-year-old man is admitted to the hospital after a motor vehicle accident. He has sustained multiple injuries to the forehead, right elbow, and left knee. An x-ray of the knee shows a hairline fracture of the left patella. When giving cold therapy to this patient, which factor would the nurse keep in mind? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. A. Patient has to adjust the temperature settings whenever required. B. Patient should be informed that a change in sensation is normal. C. Patient should be within the reach of the nurse call system. D. Position of the patient should allow him to move away from the cold source. E. Patient should remove the application if he becomes uncomfortable.
B. Patient should be informed that a change in sensation is normal. C. Patient should be within the reach of the nurse call system. D. Position of the patient should allow him to move away from the cold source.
When mixing two types of insulin in one syringe, which action is associated with the third accuracy check? A. Reviewing the patient's medical history and allergies to medications, food, and latex B. Showing insulin prepared in the syringe to another nurse to verify the correct dosage preparation C. Verifying insulin dosages against medication administration records (MARS) after wiping the insulin vial top with alcohol D.Checking the accuracy of each MAR with the health care provider's medication order
B. Showing insulin prepared in the syringe to another nurse to verify the correct dosage preparation
When mixing two types of insulin in one syringe, which action is associated with the third accuracy check? A. Reviewing the patient's medical history and allergies to medications, food, and latex B. Showing insulin prepared in the syringe to another nurse to verify the correct dosage preparation C. Verifying insulin dosages against medication administration records (MARS) after wiping the insulin vial top with alcohol D. Checking the accuracy of each MAR with the health care provider's medication order
B. Showing insulin prepared in the syringe to another nurse to verify the correct dosage preparation
Which statements indicate the student nurse needs further teaching about how to gather history data for a client experiencing acid-base imbalance? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. A. "I should assess for drugs, chronic health problems, and acute health problems." B. "I should ask the client to list all the medications, especially the diuretics and the antacids." C. "I should compare the mental status of the client with that of the family statement." D. "I should ask the client to recall all the liquids that have been taken by the client in the past 24 hours." E. "I should compare the mental status of the client with the statement provided in the health record of the client."
C. "I should compare the mental status of the client with that of the family statement." E. "I should compare the mental status of the client with the statement provided in the health record of the client."
The nurse is designing a plan of care for a patient who is has been diagnosed with pneumonia. The nurse determines that the patient is experiencing impaired gas exchange in the lungs. Which component of the assessment data can be part of the related factors for this patient? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. A. Observable cyanosis B. The family history of the patient C. Decreased ventilatory effort caused by fatigue D. Accumulation of secretions within the alveoli E. The diet that the patient should follow for this disorder
C. Decreased ventilatory effort caused by fatigue D. Accumulation of secretions within the alveoli
What did Mary Adelaide Nutting contribute to the development of nursing as a profession? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. A. Established the Frontier Nursing Service B. Founded public health nursing in New York City C. Ensured affiliation of nursing education with universities D. Was the first professor of nursing at Teachers College, Columbia University E. Developed the American Red Cross while she was a Civil War nurse
C. Ensured affiliation of nursing education with universities D. Was the first professor of nursing at Teachers College, Columbia University
A critically ill 5-year-old child exhibits Kussmaul respirations. Which would the nurse suspect may be causing an increasing acid-base imbalance? A. Metabolic alkalosis caused by an increase in base bicarbonate B. Respiratory alkalosis caused by excess carbon dioxide (CO 2) output C. Respiratory acidosis caused by an accumulation of CO 2 D.Metabolic acidosis caused by a concentration of cations in body fluids
C. Respiratory acidosis caused by an accumulation of CO 2
A client says, " I take baking soda and water when I get heartburn." The nurse suggests an anti-acid containing aluminum and magnesium hydroxide instead of baking soda (sodium bicarbonate). Which advantage is aluminum and magnesium hydroxide have over baking soda? A. They can be used for long-term relief B. Absorption by the stomach because it is markedly enhanced. C. There is no direct effect on the systematic acid base balance when taken as directed. D. Fewer side effects such as diarrhea or constipation or experience when they are used properly.
C. There is no direct effect on the systemic acid-base balance when taken as directed.
Which statement is true regarding insulin syringes? A. They are 3 to 5 mL in size. B. The needles each have two parts, the hub and shaft. C. They are designed for use with U-100 strength insulin. D. They are marked in 0.01 (hundredths) for doses less than 1 mL.
C. They are designed for use with U-100 strength insulin.
A patient is using ice massage for acute pain relief. Which action performed by the patient would result in an effective outcome? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. A. Applying ice 7 times a day B. Using small ice cubes for massage C. Using a slow, circular, steady massage D. Applying ice using firm pressure over the skin E. Applying ice for 5 minutes or until numbness occurs
C. Using a slow, circular, steady massage D. Applying ice using firm pressure over the skin E. Applying ice for 5 minutes or until numbness occurs
Which step is associated with an upper endoscopy? A. Using high-frequency sound waves to echo off body organs B. Using a lighted fiber-optic tube to directly visualize the large intestine C. Using a lighted fiber-optic tube to gain direct visualization of the upper gastrointestinal tract D. Using an opaque contrast medium to examine the structure and motility of the pharynx and esophagus
C. a lighted fiber-optic tube to gain direct visualization of the upper gastrointestinal tract
Which term defines the acronym SOAPIE? A. Intention B. irregularity C. Intervention D. Intravenous
C. intervention
