HESI PATHO review questions

which virus is responsible for causing infectious mononucleosis in clients

epstein-barr virus

what hormone causes the blood glucose to rise

glucogon

what occurs with severe dehydration

metabolic acidosis

what type of worm can spread from person to person

pinworm

which condition is due to decreased elasticity of the ocular lens

presbyopia

which common cause of diabeteic ketoacidosis would the nurse consider when caring for a postoperative client with diabetes

presence of infection

which component of sea water is known to be responsible for making sea water hypertonic compared with body fluids

salt

which clinical manifestations are associated with rabies infection

seizures and difficulty swallowing

what is increased in oseitis deformans

serum alkaline phosphatase and urinary hydroxyproline

which is a complication that may devleop in the child with hypospadias with chordee

sexual difficulties

where is lead stored wile remaining inert

the bones

which parent education would the nurse provide the pregnant mother whose son was recently diagnosed with hemophilia about the chances that her next child will also be affected

there is a 25% chance that the baby will be affected

to which part of the respiratory system would the client's radiology report refer when identifying the angel of Louis

carina

what is a common risk factor for having a high bilirubin levels

cephalhematoma - bleeding into the periosteum of the skull

after brain surgery why might a child get a 103 fever

cerebral edema after surgery will exerts pressure on the hypothalamus which regulates temperature

which pressure change does thenurse determine to be the cause of edema for a client with albuminuria

decreased in plasma colloid oncotic pressure

which medical condition could most probably result in clients developing primary diabetes insipidus

defect in hypothalamus

what is the most harmful adverse effect of lead poisoning

delayed development

which potential consequence of repeated infections should the nurse consider when caring for a child with cystic fibrosis

development of diabetes

which disease increased the risk of hyperkalemia

end-stage renal disease

what are signs of rubeola (measles)

high fever and koplik spots

which factor may contribute to a client developing urinary calculi

history of hyperparathyroidism

which is a common metabolic cause of hypothermia

hypoglycemia

what is the primary cause of sickling

hypoxia

which is the cause of frequent upper respiratory tract infections in toddlers

immature immune system

which is most likely to be identified in the client with ulcerative colitis than in the client with crohn disease

in ulcerative colitis it involvement starts distally with rectal bleeding that spreads continuously up the colon

the nurse suspects that a newborn has toxoplasmosis, one of the TORCH infections. how and when may it have been transmitted to the newborn

in utero through the placenta

what causes varicose veins

incompetent valves of superficial veins

what is the cause of neutropenia

increased immature cell growth

if a client has a loss of taste perception from the anterior two-thirds region of the tongue which origin of the brain is associated with the involved nerve

inferior pons

what does exudative mean

injury

which factor would cause a rise in temperature to 102 after a seizure in a client with eclampsia

irregularity in the cerebral thermal center

which statement is true regarding variocele

it causes elongation of the veins of the spermatic cord

what is patent ductus arteriosus

it is a connection between the pulmonary artery and the aorta

what would a nurse tell a client about the origin of acute glomerulonephritis

it is a result of an autoimmune response after a streptococcal infection

what is the etiology of the phenylketonuria

it is an autosomal recessive disorder was inherited from parents who are carriers

if a child has a heart defect why would the squat after exerting themselves

it reduces how hard the heart must work

an increase is which blood component is responsible for the acidosis related to untreated diabetes mellitus

ketones - the product of the breakdown of fats and proteins

at what temperature does hypothermia not cause shivering

less than 86 degrees

which etiology is associated with intertrigo in clients

obesity

what might cause acute glomerulonephritis

streptococuccos

which statement describes scoliosis

there is a rotary deformity of the lateral curvature of the spine

why are children with cystic fibrosis underveloped

they digest little food due to the pancreatic enzymes being blocked

which education would the nurse provide about the occurence of febrile seizures

they may occur in minor illnesses

how long does a child with phenylketonuria need to be on a low-phenylonine diet

this is a lifelong conditions, and it is recommended that dietary restriction be continued for life

which describes the purpose of restricting sodium for a client with hypertension

to prevent reabsorption of water in the distal tubules

the nurse anticipates that a child born with a missing chromosome is most likely to have which condition

turner syndrome

a client in the second phase of burn recovery may exhibit an increase in which value

urinary output

which would the nurse teach the parents of a child who is being diacharged from the hospital after a diagnosis of acute spasmodic laryngitis to help prevent another croup episode

use a cool mist vaporizer in the child's room

which factor is the primary cause of aphasia and hemiparesis for a client who has had a subarachnoid hemorrhage

vascular spasms

which precursor would the nurse recognize as common in children who develop Reye syndrome

viral infection

which microoganism is responsible for bubonic plague

yersinia pestis

do orange powders contain lead

yes

what is phenylketonuria

This results in dangerously high levels of phenylalanine that build up in the blood and become toxic to the brain and nervous system.

which pathophysiological process would the nurse recognize as associated with a cerebellar astrocytoma brain tumor

benign and associated with a hight rate of cure

which complication would the nurse be particularly alert for in a child with reye syndrome

bleeding and eccymoses from liver involvement

What is a vaso-occlusive crisis for sickle cell anemia

blockage of small blood vessels as a result of clumping of RBCs

what statements regarding acne are correct

- acne may be caused by stress - family history could be a reason for acne - propionbacterium acnes causes acne - acne is commonly found on the face, chest, upper back, and neck

which complications would the nurse expect in relation to lead toxicity

- anemia - proteinuria - encephalopathy

what parental occupation may put a child at risk for lead toxicity

- ceramics, radiatory repair, bridge repari, brass foundry work

arrange the pathophysiological events of acne in the correct sequence

1. excessive sebum production 2. alterations in follicular growth and differentiation 3. colonization of propionibacterium acnes 4. immune response and inflammation

the nurse instructs a client that, in addition to building bones and teeth, calcium is also important for what

blood clotting

when does mecharche start

3 months after attainment of peak weight velocity

what can cause diarrhea and dental caries in young children

8 oz of fruit juice daily

which is the primary cause of otitis media in young children

an obstructed eustachian tube

which hormone deficiency causes diabetes insipidus in a client

ADH

a client reports a cold and a whooping sound with a cough. whcih organism is responsible for this condition

bordetella pertusis

which organism is responsible for causiing lyme disease in clients

borrelia burgdorferi

what delays the return of endometriosis

breast-feeding

what body system will be affected by Duchenne muscular dystrophy disease

cardiopulmonary

what are the pathophysiological factors of acne

- comedogenesis - alteration in follicular growth - production of excessive sebum - colonization of propionibacterium acnes

what are signs of death

- decreased thirst - weak pulse - difficulty swallowing - loss of bladder control

what are potential complications of cystic fribrosis

- diabetes - nasal polyps - prolapsed rectum - pulmonary infections

which statements are true regarding primary dysmenorrhea

- during the luteal phase, F2 alpha is secreted - pain usually begins at the onset of menstruation and lasts for 8-48 hours - usually appears 6-12 months after menarche

which factors can trigger a client's migraine attacks

- fatigue - sleep problems - hormonal fluctuations

a newborn with Erb palsy has an asymmetric moro reflex. which cause would the nurse suspect

an injury to the should during birth - erb palsy affects the alignment of the arm, should, and neck

what is the cause of transient ischemic attacks

atherosclerotic plaques within arteries

a child who has full-thickness burns is to undergo skin grafting. which treatment is permanent

autographs

what causes myasthenia gravis

a decreased number of functioning acetylocholine receptor sites

what digests fatty foods

bile

what is the cause of galactosemia

error in carbohydrate metabolism

which part of the upper respiratory system is involved in equalizing the pressure within the middle ear while swallowing

eustachian tubes

what leads to the clinical manifestations commonly seen in cystic fibrosis

excessively thick mucus obstructs the airways

which organ is commonly affected in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis

eyes

how are medications about to inflitrate a body from the mother

from an immature blood-brain barrier

The nurse is eliciting a health history from a client with ulcerative colitis. which factor would the nurse consider to be most likely associated with the clients colitis

genetic predisposition

A client is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of peptic ulcer. which common complication would the nurse assess for in this client

hemorrhage because of the erosion of blood vessel walls is the most common complication of peptic ulcer disease

which factor would the nurse identify as the usual cause of a client developing aseptic necrosis after a fracture of the femoral head

loss of blood supply to the head of the femur

a client has pulmonary tuberculosis. as a result, the client has a decreased surface areas for gas exchange in the lungs, affecting which physiological process

molecular diffusion

which organism causes hansen's disease (leprosy)

mycobacterium leprae

which organ system is of most concern because of the conditions irreversibel efects

nervous

what are cutaneous fibromas and lisch nodules signs of

neurofibromatosis

can a male with cystic fibrosis have children

no, they are usually sterile even though sexual function is not affected

the nurse is caring for a client with a hiatal hernia. which risk factor would the nurse assess for in this client

obesity, because it can causes stress and pressure on the diaphragm

what causes sudden loss of vision in people with MS

optic nerve inflammation

how is pinworm infestations is transferred

oral-fecal - always wash your hands

what is a major cause of iron-deficiency anemia

overfeeding of milk

what are early physiologic changes the nurse expects with acute lymphocytic leukemia

pale skin, eating less food, purplish spots on the skin

what may occur if a strabibus is not cured

partial loss of sight

Describe ectopic pregnancy

- fertilized egg implants in the fallopian tube - smoking is a risk factor - when they have abdominal pain ectopic pregnancy is suspected - if they have abdominal pain and hypotension the ectopic pregnancy has ruptured

if the parents of a child do not have sickel cell anemia but the child does what might be in the cause for this

- if both parents are carriers of SSA, there is a 25% chance that the offsrping will have SSA

what is most likely the cause of anemia in a child with celiac disease

- incomplete absorption of iron - incomplete absorbtion of folic acid

What is pes planus

abnormal flatness of the sole and arch of the foot

how long does recovery take for a newborn with erbs point

about 3 months

what do clay-colored stools indicate

absent bile pigment - increase in prothrombin time

when ammonia is excreted by healthy kidneys, which mechanism usually is maintained

acid-base balance of the body

which type of brain tumor can originate from cells that form the myelin sheath around nerve

acoustic neuroma

when giving a child phototherapy what should be in the plan of care

administering fluids every 2 hours

which is the most probable cause for Conn syndrome in an adult

adrenal adenoma

which causative agent is common to both hyperthermia and hypothermia

alcohol

what type of infection is most common in children that are prone to otitis media

bacterial

a client reports excessive tearing. which disorders would the nurse suspect could be responsible for the client's condition

chalazion, entropion, and conjuntivitis

which recent illness would the nurse assess for in a preschooler with Reye syndrome

chickenpox

A client had part of the ileum surgically removed. the nurse monitors the client closely for anemia based on which rationale

cobalamin (vitamin b12) is absorbed in the lumen

which comorbidity is associated with down syndrome

congenital heart disease

which rationale would the nurse use when teaching client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to use pursed-lip breathing

decrease air trapping

a client who has renal failure asks the nurse why anemia keeps recurring

decreased in erythropoietin

the nurse reviews the medical record of a client with ascites. whcih client condition is a contributung factor to the development of ascites

diminished plasma protein level

which blood gas report most likely reflects the acid-base balance of an infant with severe dehydration

ph of 7.20 and HCO3 of 20

which information would be included in the teaching plan for the mother of a newborn with exstrophy of the bladder

protecting the skin surrounding the exposed bladder

what is the origin of metabolic acidosis caused by aspirin toxicity

rapid absorption of salicylate

which complication of cystic fibrosis is related to frequent stools and tenacious mucus

rectal prolapse

which type of acid-base imbalance woudl the nurse expect in child admitteed with a severe asthma exacerbatuion

respirtory acidosis caused by impaired respirations and increased formation of carbonic acid

the nurse is caring for a client who may have paget's disease and osteomalacia. elevations of which laboratory tests would confirm the nurses suspicion

serum calcium and alkaline phosphatase

what modifiable risk factor is closely asssociated with the development of coronary heart disease

smoking

which electrolyte deficiency triggers the secretion of renin

sodium

which is the regulator of extracellular osmolaity

sodium

which statements are true regarding chondrosarcoma

- can arise from benign bone tumors and become malignant - most commonly occurs in cartilage in the arm, leg, and pelvic bones - treated with surgery - occurs in adults between the ages of 50-60

which assessment findings are systemic manifestations of acute osteomyelitis

- malaise - restlessness - night sweats

which child is at the highest risk for blunt trauma and indirect entry of microorganisms

an 8 year old boy because of the growing bones

which protective equipment would the nurse use when caring for an infant admitted with gastroenteritis

contact precautions - gown and pair of gloves

which condition causes impaired speech coordination

cranial nerve lesion

what do black lines on the teeth at the gumline of a 6 year old child indicate

lead poisoning

which finding would the nurse expect in a client with left-side phrenic nerve paralysis

left base dullness to percussion

ingestion of which chemicals may cause chemical pneumonia

lighter fluid

which health problem might precipitate acute hypoglycemia in a client

liver disease

which chemical buffers excessive acetoacetic acid

sodium bicarbonate

what is responsible for a clients recent diagnosis of malaria

sporozoa

Which body mechanism related to infectious processes is impaired as a result of addison disease

stress response

what consequences can occur as a result of endometriosis

- metrorrhagia - impaired fertility - bowel strictures - voiding difficulties

which complication related to bacterial vaginosis may occur in a young pregnant girl

- preterm labor and birth - intramniotic infection - postpartum endometriosis

which anatomic abnormalities are found in tetralogy of Fallot

- right ventricular hypertrophy - ventricular septal defect - pulmonic stenosis - overriding aorta

which risk factors contribute to ectopic pregnancy

- smoking - damage to the fallopian tubes - history of pelvic inflammatory disease

what are risk factors for varicose vein

- works as a cashier in a grocery store - reports family history of venous insufficeincy

which unique response is associated with diabeteic ketoacidosis that is not associated with hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome

kussmaul respiration

a client with a femoral fracture and osteomyelitis is immobilized for 3 weeks. which rationale explains the nurses plan to assess fro the development of renal calculi

lack of weight-bearing activity promotes bone demineralization

why might a child have otitis media infections frequently

the Eustachian tube is short and horizontal

which renal complication is likely to cause a client to experience anorexia, itching, nausea, vomiting, and muscle cramps

uremia - build up of nitrogenous waste products due to kidney impairment