Hesi review

Which word is used incorrectly in the following sentence? The couple is extraordinarily gifted, and their prodigy have benefited from the brainpower of their forebears. A. extraordinarily B. prodigy C. brainpower D. forebears

B. prodigy

Which word is not spelled correctly in the context of this sentence? The pharmacist seemed to disagree with the proscription designated by the physician. A. pharmacist B. proscription C. designated D. physician

B. proscription

Which word is used incorrectly in the following sentence? Exercising excessively can have significant nugatory effects. A. excessively B. significant C. nugatory D. effects

C. nugatory

What cellular process helps to move debris and mucous through the lining of tubules?

Cilia

Select the word that makes this sentence grammatically correct. If you will ______ down here, the doctor will check your flexibility. A. set B. seat C. lay D. lie

D. lie

Febrile

Fever.

Primary

First or most significant.

Dorsiflexion plantar flexion are types of joint movement that are associated with which part of the body?

Foot

WHICH SENTENCE IS GRAMMATICALLY INCORRECT, 70. A sentence must always begin with a capital letter but many people forget this simple rule. a) Must b) Always c) Capital d) Forget

a) Must

39. Since the factory was destroyed the company has _________ business to do. a) No b) Not c) None d) Neither

a) No

Select the word or phrase in the sentence that is not used correctly. 1) Before his death at age 82, comedian Rodney Dangerfield's motto was, "I don't get no respect." a) No b) Was c) At d) Before

a) No

1. When a person finds ________________in a stressful situation, it helps to breathe deeply. a) Oneself b) yourself c) Themselves d) Itself

a) Oneself

51. Children generally _____________ with others of the same size and age. a) Play b) Plays c) Played d) Playing

a) Play

6. WHICH SENTENCE IS GRAMMATICALLY CORRECT? a) Sarah plays her new saxophone well. b) The dog catches the freebee good. c) The band did good during the half time show. d) The band that played before ours was well.

a) Sarah plays her new saxophone well.

Select the word or phrase in the sentence that is not used correctly. 1) It seem like the sun never shines on Saturday. a) Seem b) It c) Never d) Shines

a) Seem

WHICH SENTENCE IS GRAMMATICALLY INCORRECT, 104. Napoleon Bonaparte was some of the most famous generals in European history. a) Some b) The most famous c) In d) European

a) Some

24. The dress ______ you wore at my birthday party is my favorite. a) That b) Their c) When d) Which

a) That

31. ____________ are the very ancient people. a) The Chinese b) Chinese c) The Chineses d) Chineses

a) The Chinese

35. After having robbed the bank, ______________________________. a) The thief hid at the house of a friend b) The police searched for the thief for many weeks c) The bank president offered a reward for the thief. d) The thief's wife became very nervous.

a) The thief hid at the house of a friend

61. WHICH SENTENCE IS GRAMMATICALLY CORRECT. a) The nurse asked the patient to lay down on the gurney. b) The nurse asked the patient to lie down on the gurney. c) The nurse asked the patient to ley down on the gurney. d) The nurse asked the patient to lei down on the gurney.

b) The nurse asked the patient to lie down on the gurney.

What effects do serotonin has or neurotransmitters?

appetite, sleep, mood

1. The books on the shelf ___arranged by author's name in alphabetical order.

are

A person who has damaged the ulnar nerve will have decreased sensation in which area?

arm -inability to adduct arms and fingers

efferent

away from CNS

WHICH SENTENCE IS GRAMMATICALLY INCORRECT, 69. It was after soon he arrived in the U.S.A that he met the woman who was to become his wife. a) Was b) After soon c) Become d) Arrived

b) After soon

1. The nursing _____ put the band _______ on the wound to _______ the nurse. a) Aide, aide, aid b) Aide, aid, aid c) Aide, aide, aide d) Aid, aid, aide

b) Aide, aid, aid

56. He ___________ football game. a) Never almost attends b) Almost never attends c) Almost attends never d) Attends almost never

b) Almost never attends

WHICH SENTENCE IS GRAMMATICALLY INCORRECT, 103. You should try on many another pair of shoes before you decide which ones you want to buy. a) On b) Another c) Decide d) To buy

b) Another

1. Finishing quickly is not as important as _____________ all the question correctly. a) Answer b) Answering c) Answered d) Answers

b) Answering

42. She told her friend that her favorite colors _________ red and blue. a) Is b) Are c) Could be d) Seem to be

b) Are

Select the word or phrase in the sentence that is not used correctly. 1) When you add sugar to it, your cup of coffee becomes not only sweet, also fattening. a) Also b) Becomes c) To d) Cup of

b) Becomes

Select the word or phrase in the sentence that is not used correctly. 1) He ate for pieces of fried chicken at dinner, and no vegetables. a) Ate b) For c) No d) At

b) For

WHICH SENTENCE IS GRAMMATICALLY INCORRECT, 1. There are three things to remember for the test: Vocabulary, Grammar, and Spelling. a) There b) For c) Are d) And

b) For

WHICH SENTENCE IS GRAMMATICALLY INCORRECT, 68. He ate for pieces of fried chicken at dinner, and no vegetables. a) No b) For c) At d) Ate

b) For

57. I am looking forward to ___________ on a vacation next month. a) Go b) Going c) Be go d) Going to go

b) Going

1. If the nurse _________________ the patient was going to threw up. She would have brought a basin. a) Had knew b) Had known c) Wanted to know d) Could be known

b) Had known

WHICH SENTENCE IS GRAMMATICALLY INCORRECT, 1. San Francisco is one of the many cities in the world which have recently been hit by earthquakes. a) In b) Have c) Been hit d) Many cities

b) Have

64. WHICH SENTENCE IS GRAMMATICALLY CORRECT? a) He did bad on the test. b) He felt bad about the broken window c) He felt badly about being late. d) When the patient feels badly, give him an aspirin.

b) He felt bad about the broken window

WHICH SENTENCE IS GRAMMATICALLY INCORRECT, 84. The patients voice was a little horse and he complained of a sore throat, so the doctor prescribed a throat lozenge. a) Sore b) Horse c) Prescribed d) Lozenge

b) Horse

22. My mom and __________ went to the store. a) Me b) I c) Us d) We

b) I

2. WHICH SENTENCE IS GRAMMATICALLY CORRECT? a) I went two the store. b) I want ice cream, too. c) The nurse gave him too shorts. d) I want to know your name.

b) I want ice cream, too.

1. Economics ____________ my least favorite subject at school. a) Am b) Is c) Are d) Been

b) Is

63. WHICH SENTENCE IS GRAMMATICALLY CORRECT? a) The winner was me. b) It was I who won. c) The runner was her. d) It was me who lost.

b) It was I who won.

1. Susan gave ice cream to John and ________________. a) Us b) Me c) We d) I

b) Me

14. A tuberculin skin test should be read within 24 hours _________ administration. a) In b) Of c) Has d) On

b) Of

Select the word or phrase in the sentence that is not used correctly. 1) The physician started to preform the operation, but the patient was not yet completely under anesthesia. a) Started to b) Preform c) Was not d) Completely under

b) Preform

Select the phrase or clause that is misplaced in the sentence. I did not see the open carton of orange juice on the shelf standing with the refrigerator door open. A. I did not see B. of orange juice C. on the self D. standing with the refrigerator door open

D. standing with the refrigerator door open

Select the word that makes this sentence grammatically correct. Having ______ one pill at bedtime, the patient was able to sleep for eight hours. A. took B. take C. taking D. taken

D. taken

What word is best to substitute for the underlined words in the following sentence? You can hear the nurses' laughter all the way down the hallway. A. his B. hers C. them D. their

D. their

Select the phrase that will make this sentence grammatically correct. Until the semester ends, Lily _______. A. is not traveling far from town B. has not traveled far from town C. will not have traveled far from town D. will not travel far from town

D. will not travel far from town

Consistency

Degree of viscosity; how thick or thin a fluid is in relation to how it flows. (Texture).

Contingent

Dependent/reliant.

Exogenous

Developing externally of body. "Hair is exogenous"

Endogenous

Developing internally of body. "Cells are endogenous"

Lethargic

Difficult to arouse. (wake).

Impaired

Diminished or lacking some usual quality or level.

Distal

Distant; away from the center (body).

Discrete

Distinct, separate. "Her bruises were so discrete, scattered all around her body"

Comply

Do as directed

Depth

Downward measurement from a surface.

Desiccated

Dried or withered. "Her feces were desiccated"

Oubliette

Dungeon, prison, or cell.

Select the word or phrase in the sentence that is not used correctly. 1) Based on the principals of asepsis, the nurse should consider a sterile packet below waist level to be contaminated. a) To be b) Principals c) Asepsis d) Waist

b) Principals

1. In preparation for your birthday dinner, I will help _________ the dinnerware on the table. a) Sit b) Set c) Sat d) Seat

b) Set

18. In which sentence is the form fast used as an adverb? a) The clock on the wall is ten minutes fast. b) The cars on the overpass moved fast c) The fast cars drove over the bridge. d) The batter could not hit the fast pitch.

b) The cars on the overpass moved fast

What punctuation is needed in this sentence to make it correct? I did not entirely understand his instructions; nevertheless I attempted to hook up that computer on my own. A. Comma B. Semicolon C. Dash D. Period

A. Comma

Which word is spelled correctly? A. Controversial B. Contraversial C. Contravercial D. Contriversal

A. Controversial

1. Compensatory is best described as A. Corrective B. Sociable C. Beleaguered D. Courteous

A. Corrective

Which of the following is spelled correctly? A. Discipline B. Disipline C. Discapline D. Dicipline

A. Discipline

The Electoral College has nothing to do with college and contains no students. The Electoral College consists of votes that each state acquires based on the number of representatives it has in Congress. Each state has two electoral votes because each state has two senators. The remaining electoral votes are determined by the number of Congressmen, the number of which is based on the population of the state established by the Census taken each decade. During the presidential election, most states cast all their electoral votes for the candidate who wins the popular vote in that state. It's all very confusing, but the founding fathers know what they were doing. By having and using the Electoral College candidates' campaign in every state, but just because they win the popular vote across the country doesn't mean they will always win the election. Case in point, in election 2000, Al Gore won the popular vote across the country, but George W. Bush won more electoral votes. Therefore, he became our 43rd president. 1. Which statement from the passage is a fact? A. Each state casts their electoral votes during the Presidential election B. The government randomly assigns electoral votes to states. C. Candidates only campaign in states where they think they can win. D. the Electoral College is a college in Washington D. C.

A. Each state casts their electoral votes during the Presidential election

What is the exchang eof gases between the atmosphere and the blood through the alveoli called?

A. External respiration

1. Which of the following sentences is grammatically correct? A. I wanted ice cream; he wanted cake. B. I wanted ice cream he wanted cake C. I wanted ice cream, he wanted cake. D. I wanted ice cream but he wanted cake.

A. I wanted ice cream; he wanted cake.

The Golden Gate Bridge Linking San Francisco to Marin County in California, the Golden Gate Bridge is one of the most famous bridges in the world. The bridge crosses over a narrow strait which connects the Pacific Ocean to San Francisco Bay. Prior to the bridge, people traveled by ferry boat across the strait. Although most people thought a bridge was necessary to expedite travel, some residents of the bay area felt the risk of building the bridge was too great. Joseph Strauss believed that nothing was impossible, and dreams would never come to fruition if risks weren't taken. So, he decided to gather the best and brightest builders, architects, and workers to embark on the challenge of building a bridge across the Golden Gate Strait. With safety nets in place, the construction began in 1937. Building the anchorages first, the builders then move on to the towers on each end, and then to the three-foot thick cables to support the suspension bridge. Lastly, workers labored to complete the roadway which became the most dangerous and treacherous part of the entire task. The builders had to keep the bridge balance, so it wouldn't fall into the bay. Today, over sixty-five years later, the bridge remains a life-line for the people of the San Francisco Bay Area. The authors reason for writing this piece seems to be to A. Inform the reader B. Teach the reader C. persuade the reader D. entertain the reader

A. Inform the reader

Which of the following words is spelled correctly? A. Irrelevant B. Irelevant C. Irrelevent D. Irrellevant

A. Irrelevant

Select the sentence that is grammatically correct. A. Kindly had the keys over to him and me. B. Kindly had the keys over to him and I. C. Kindly hand the keys over to me and him. D. Kindly hand the keys over to he and I.

A. Kindly had the keys over to him and me.

1. The patient wanted to___ down on the bed, but first she had to ___ her try of food on the table. A. Lie, lay B. Lay, lie C. Lie, laid D. Lain, lying

A. Lie, lay

Which of the following spelled correctly? A. Mechanical B. Mechanicle C. Mecanical D. Machinical

A. Mechanical

1. Which of the following sentences is grammatically correct? A. She drove much farther than I did B. The campus is further up the road C. I will have to consider farther before making a decision D. The hospital was further away than he thought

A. She drove much farther than I did

Select the word that makes this sentence grammatically correct. She was the ______ speaker I had ever heard in my years at the clinic. • inspirational • more inspirational • most inspirational • most inspriationalest

• most inspirational

1. A patient is scheduled for exploratory surgery. What does exploratory means? a. To reduce scar tissue in the are b. To investigate the patient's complaint c. To extract a diseased organ d. To repair a torn ligament or vessel.

b. To investigate the patient's complaint

The student ______ for the final exam. a. Didn't studied b. Was studying c. Studied hardly d. Would have study

b. Was studying

The Bicycle Today, bicycles are so common that it's hard to believe they haven't always been around. But two hundred years ago, bicycles didn't even exist, and the first bicycle, invented in Germany in 1818, was nothing like our bicycles today. It was made of wood and didn't even have pedals. Since then, however, numerous innovations and improvements in design have made the bicycle one of the most popular means of recreation and transportation around the world. In 1839, Kirkpatrick Macmillan, a Scottish blacksmith, dramatically improved upon the original bicycle design. Macmillan's machine had tires with iron rims to keep them from getting worn down. He also used foot-operated cranks like pedals, so his bicycle could be ridden at a quick pace. It didn't look much like a modern bicycle, though, because its back wheel was substantially larger than its front wheel. In 1861, the French Michaux brothers took the evolution of the bicycle a step further by inventing an improved crank mechanism. Ten years later, James Starley, an English inventor, revolutionized bicycle design. He made the front wheel many times larger than the back wheel, put a gear on the pedals to make the bicycle more efficient, and lightened the wheels by using wire spokes. Although this bicycle was much lighter and less tiring to ride, it was still clumsy, extremely top heavy, and ridden mostly for entertainment. It wasn't until 1874 that the first truly modern bicycle appeared on the scene. (14) Invented by another Englishman, H.J. Lawson, the "safety bicycle" would look familiar to today's cyclists. This bicycle had equal-sized wheels, which made it less prone to toppling over. Lawson also attached a chain to the pedals to drive the rear wheel. With these improvements, the bicycle became extremely popular and useful for transportation. Today they are built, used, and enjoyed all over the world. 6. Revolutionized, as it is used in Sentence (10), most nearly means a. cancelled. b. changed drastically. c. became outdated. d. exercised control over.

b. changed drastically.

Day light Savings Time It is a well-known fact that it takes the Earth approximately 365 days to move around the sun. At the same time, the Earth revolves or spins around itself over the course of 24 hours, which explains why there is day and night. One half of the Earth is always facing the Sun and the other half is facing away from it. As a result, there are different time zones dividing the globe. Moving suddenly from one time zone into the other, as when flying for example from Asia to North America, causes jetlag. People feel tired, they wake up suddenly during the night and cannot go back to sleep. It takes time to get used to a new time zone. Another thing to consider is the slight tilting of the Earth towards the sun. The Earth does not stand straight but leans a little to one side. Therefore, when it revolves around the Sun, the middle part of the Earth is always closer to the Sun and gets more heat. This part is called the equator, and above it lathes tropics. Countries at the tropics get the same amount of daylight all the time. The sun always rises at 6 am and sets at 6 pm. In contrast, the tips of the Earth or the Poles get hardly any light at all because they are so far away from the sun. There are two main seasons at the Poles. There are 6 months of summer, when the sun is always shining, even at night, and there are 6 months of winter, when there is constant darkness. In between the tropics and the Poles lies the temperate zone, where there are 4 seasons. The sun rises and sets at different times throughout the year. In the spring and summer, it gets light earlier; in the fall and winter it gets dark earlier. People who live in temperate zones take advantage of that fact to get more daylight. At the beginning of spring, countries in Europe and North America readjust their clocks. They change the time on their clocks and watches by moving them an hour ahead. As a result, the sun does not set around 7 or 8 pm as usual, but an hour later. This measure is called Daylight Savings Time (DST) and lasts until the beginning of fall, when people move their clocks back one hour to Standard or regular Time. It is thought that Benjamin Franklin first suggested the introduction of Daylight Savings Time in the 18th century. But, the first serious proposal came in 1907 from William Willet. Yet his idea was shelved by the British government, who refused it because they thought it was unnecessary. Daylight Savings Time was first put into practice by the German government in1916 in order to save energy during the First World War. Shortly after, the United Kingdom followed suit, with the United States doing the same in 1918. The law was very unpopular since people had to wake up earlier and many experienced a feeling like jetlag. But the 1970s energy crisis forced the US to make Daylight Savings Time the law. Studies have shown that the introduction of Daylight Savings Time in the spring saved the US 10,000 barrels of oil per day between 1974-1975. It also prevented 2,000 traffic injuries and 50 traffic-related deaths, saving the country $28 million. Currently, Americans switch to Daylight Savings Time on the first Sunday in April and move back to Standard Time on the last Sunday in October. But as of 2007, the time readjustment will happen even earlier, in March and November. 3. Who opposed the bill that was introduced in the House of Commons in the early 1900s? a. Sir Robert Pearce b. farmers c. television and radio broadcasting companies d. the U.S. Congress

b. farmers

The Bicycle Today, bicycles are so common that it's hard to believe they haven't always been around. But two hundred years ago, bicycles didn't even exist, and the first bicycle, invented in Germany in 1818, was nothing like our bicycles today. It was made of wood and didn't even have pedals. Since then, however, numerous innovations and improvements in design have made the bicycle one of the most popular means of recreation and transportation around the world. In 1839, Kirkpatrick Macmillan, a Scottish blacksmith, dramatically improved upon the original bicycle design. Macmillan's machine had tires with iron rims to keep them from getting worn down. He also used foot-operated cranks like pedals, so his bicycle could be ridden at a quick pace. It didn't look much like a modern bicycle, though, because its back wheel was substantially larger than its front wheel. In 1861, the French Michaux brothers took the evolution of the bicycle a step further by inventing an improved crank mechanism. Ten years later, James Starley, an English inventor, revolutionized bicycle design. He made the front wheel many times larger than the back wheel, put a gear on the pedals to make the bicycle more efficient, and lightened the wheels by using wire spokes. Although this bicycle was much lighter and less tiring to ride, it was still clumsy, extremely top heavy, and ridden mostly for entertainment. It wasn't until 1874 that the first truly modern bicycle appeared on the scene. (14) Invented by another Englishman, H.J. Lawson, the "safety bicycle" would look familiar to today's cyclists. This bicycle had equal-sized wheels, which made it less prone to toppling over. Lawson also attached a chain to the pedals to drive the rear wheel. With these improvements, the bicycle became extremely popular and useful for transportation. Today they are built, used, and enjoyed all over the world. 10. Macmillan added iron rims to the tires of his bicycle to a. add weight to the bicycle. b. makes the tires last longer. c. makes the ride less bumpy. d. makes the ride less tiring.

b. makes the tires last longer.

most obvious skin cancer

basal cell carcinoma

monocytes

becomes macrophages

two types of asexual reproduction

binary fission and mitosis

What is the result of carbon dioxide in the body? ``

body become more acidic

What is the definition of chyme?

bolus that turns into soupy substance. The result of action by the stomach.

osteocytes

bone forming cells

ligament

bone to bone

tendon

bone to muscle

how is pepsin used in the body

breakdown proteins

WHICH SENTENCE IS GRAMMATICALLY INCORRECT, 81. When you add sugar to it, your cup of coffee becomes not only sweet also fattening. a) To b) Cup of c) Becomes d) Also

c) Becomes

7. WHICH USE OF APOSTROPHE IS CORRECT IN THE SENTENCE? Because of staff change's, the list of birthday's was distributed to all worker's in the business' three offices. a) Change's b) Worker's c) Business' d) Birthday's

c) Business'

52. Scissors should never be ___________ by the handle. a) Carry b) Carries c) Carried d) Carrying

c) Carried

25. You _________ on your final exam. a) Worked b) Forget c) Did well d) Done good

c) Did well

WHICH SENTENCE IS GRAMMATICALLY INCORRECT, 66. Because I want to go to the movies later, I am going to due my homework now. a) Because b) To go c) Due d) Am going to

c) Due

Select the word or phrase in the sentence that is not used correctly. 1) The mailperson's job is to put the envelope's in every mailbox on the block. a) Every b) Block c) Envelope's d) Mailperson's

c) Envelope's

WHICH SENTENCE IS GRAMMATICALLY INCORRECT, 80. The car that she had seen at the Ford dealer was the one that she final decided to buy. a) Was b) Had seen c) Final d) To buy

c) Final

Select the word or phrase in the sentence that is not used correctly. 1) Long before his death, Pablo Picasso had became one of the most important artists in history. a) In b) Long before c) Had became d) The most

c) Had became

58. If they _________ that the weather was going to be so bad, they wouldn't have gone to the beach. a) Know b) Knew c) Had known d) Were knowing

c) Had known

WHICH SENTENCE IS GRAMMATICALLY INCORRECT, 91. It's true that children depend in their parents for food, clothing and shelter. a) It's b) That c) In d) Clothing

c) In

Select the word or phrase in the sentence that is not used correctly. 1) The sales man recommended that he keeps his receipt for at least a month. a) That b) For c) Keeps d) At least

c) Keeps

53. The child cried, "I want to do it _____________. a) Mine b) Me c) Myself d) Me self

c) Myself

40. He doesn't care for a rap music and ____________________. a) Neither me b) Neither I do c) Neither do I d) Don't neither

c) Neither do I

WHICH SENTENCE IS GRAMMATICALLY INCORRECT, 76. The nurse's notes in the medical record indicate the patients pain was severe. a) Notes b) Was c) Patients d) Nurse's

c) Patients

1. As the leader of group, the charge nurse is open to new ideas and thoughts of the group. The charge nurse encourages the group to participate in making decisions. This type of leadership is called a. Direct b. Laissez-faire c. Autocratic d. Democratic

d. Democratic

1. Recovery is contingent on many factors. a. Reliable b. Important c. Increasing d. Dependent

d. Dependent

1. She was so mad at her boyfriend, she_____ on him when he called. a. Terminated b. Hanged up c. Yelled d. Hang up

d. Hang up

1. My mother and___ went shopping for clothes yesterday. a. Us b. Me c. Myself d. I

d. I

1. She went to the party______ her dislike for the host. a. Although b. Even though c. Despite of d. In spite of

d. In spite of

Day light Savings Time It is a well-known fact that it takes the Earth approximately 365 days to move around the sun. At the same time, the Earth revolves or spins around itself over the course of 24 hours, which explains why there is day and night. One half of the Earth is always facing the Sun and the other half is facing away from it. As a result, there are different time zones dividing the globe. Moving suddenly from one time zone into the other, as when flying for example from Asia to North America, causes jetlag. People feel tired, they wake up suddenly during the night and cannot go back to sleep. It takes time to get used to a new time zone. Another thing to consider is the slight tilting of the Earth towards the sun. The Earth does not stand straight but leans a little to one side. Therefore, when it revolves around the Sun, the middle part of the Earth is always closer to the Sun and gets more heat. This part is called the equator, and above it lathes tropics. Countries at the tropics get the same amount of daylight all the time. The sun always rises at 6 am and sets at 6 pm. In contrast, the tips of the Earth or the Poles get hardly any light at all because they are so far away from the sun. There are two main seasons at the Poles. There are 6 months of summer, when the sun is always shining, even at night, and there are 6 months of winter, when there is constant darkness. In between the tropics and the Poles lies the temperate zone, where there are 4 seasons. The sun rises and sets at different times throughout the year. In the spring and summer, it gets light earlier; in the fall and winter it gets dark earlier. People who live in temperate zones take advantage of that fact to get more daylight. At the beginning of spring, countries in Europe and North America readjust their clocks. They change the time on their clocks and watches by moving them an hour ahead. As a result, the sun does not set around 7 or 8 pm as usual, but an hour later. This measure is called Daylight Savings Time (DST) and lasts until the beginning of fall, when people move their clocks back one hour to Standard or regular Time. It is thought that Benjamin Franklin first suggested the introduction of Daylight Savings Time in the 18th century. But, the first serious proposal came in 1907 from William Willet. Yet his idea was shelved by the British government, who refused it because they thought it was unnecessary. Daylight Savings Time was first put into practice by the German government in1916 in order to save energy during the First World War. Shortly after, the United Kingdom followed suit, with the United States doing the same in 1918. The law was very unpopular since people had to wake up earlier and many experienced a feeling like jetlag. But the 1970s energy crisis forced the US to make Daylight Savings Time the law. Studies have shown that the introduction of Daylight Savings Time in the spring saved the US 10,000 barrels of oil per day between 1974-1975. It also prevented 2,000 traffic injuries and 50 traffic-related deaths, saving the country $28 million. Currently, Americans switch to Daylight Savings Time on the first Sunday in April and move back to Standard Time on the last Sunday in October. But as of 2007, the time readjustment will happen even earlier, in March and November. 4. Which of the following statements is true of the U.S. Department of Transportation? a. It was created by President Richard Nixon. b. It set standards for DST throughout the world. c. It constructed the Uniform Time Act. d. It oversees all time laws in the United States.

d. It oversees all time laws in the United States.

The Bicycle Today, bicycles are so common that it's hard to believe they haven't always been around. But two hundred years ago, bicycles didn't even exist, and the first bicycle, invented in Germany in 1818, was nothing like our bicycles today. It was made of wood and didn't even have pedals. Since then, however, numerous innovations and improvements in design have made the bicycle one of the most popular means of recreation and transportation around the world. In 1839, Kirkpatrick Macmillan, a Scottish blacksmith, dramatically improved upon the original bicycle design. Macmillan's machine had tires with iron rims to keep them from getting worn down. He also used foot-operated cranks like pedals, so his bicycle could be ridden at a quick pace. It didn't look much like a modern bicycle, though, because its back wheel was substantially larger than its front wheel. In 1861, the French Michaux brothers took the evolution of the bicycle a step further by inventing an improved crank mechanism. Ten years later, James Starley, an English inventor, revolutionized bicycle design. He made the front wheel many times larger than the back wheel, put a gear on the pedals to make the bicycle more efficient, and lightened the wheels by using wire spokes. Although this bicycle was much lighter and less tiring to ride, it was still clumsy, extremely top heavy, and ridden mostly for entertainment. It wasn't until 1874 that the first truly modern bicycle appeared on the scene. (14) Invented by another Englishman, H.J. Lawson, the "safety bicycle" would look familiar to today's cyclists. This bicycle had equal-sized wheels, which made it less prone to toppling over. Lawson also attached a chain to the pedals to drive the rear wheel. With these improvements, the bicycle became extremely popular and useful for transportation. Today they are built, used, and enjoyed all over the world. 11. The first person to use a gear system on bicycles was a. H.J. Lawson. b. Kirkpatrick Macmillan. c. The Michaux brothers. d. James Starley.

d. James Starley.

1. Which word describes someone who is always the last to get ready? a. Vigorous b. Tawdry c. Burgeoning d. Lethargic

d. Lethargic

The Bicycle Today, bicycles are so common that it's hard to believe they haven't always been around. But two hundred years ago, bicycles didn't even exist, and the first bicycle, invented in Germany in 1818, was nothing like our bicycles today. It was made of wood and didn't even have pedals. Since then, however, numerous innovations and improvements in design have made the bicycle one of the most popular means of recreation and transportation around the world. In 1839, Kirkpatrick Macmillan, a Scottish blacksmith, dramatically improved upon the original bicycle design. Macmillan's machine had tires with iron rims to keep them from getting worn down. He also used foot-operated cranks like pedals, so his bicycle could be ridden at a quick pace. It didn't look much like a modern bicycle, though, because its back wheel was substantially larger than its front wheel. In 1861, the French Michaux brothers took the evolution of the bicycle a step further by inventing an improved crank mechanism. Ten years later, James Starley, an English inventor, revolutionized bicycle design. He made the front wheel many times larger than the back wheel, put a gear on the pedals to make the bicycle more efficient, and lightened the wheels by using wire spokes. Although this bicycle was much lighter and less tiring to ride, it was still clumsy, extremely top heavy, and ridden mostly for entertainment. It wasn't until 1874 that the first truly modern bicycle appeared on the scene. (14) Invented by another Englishman, H.J. Lawson, the "safety bicycle" would look familiar to today's cyclists. This bicycle had equal-sized wheels, which made it less prone to toppling over. Lawson also attached a chain to the pedals to drive the rear wheel. With these improvements, the bicycle became extremely popular and useful for transportation. Today they are built, used, and enjoyed all over the world. 4. Which sentence best expresses the main idea of paragraph 3? a. Macmillan was a great inventor. b. Macmillan's bike didn't look much like our modern bikes. c. Macmillan's bike could be ridden quickly. d. Macmillan made important changes in bicycle design.

d. Macmillan made important changes in bicycle design.

1. The client appeared to be impervious to pain. a. Coping well b. Enjoying c. Very sensitive d. Not affected

d. Not affected

1. The topic of discussion prompted a cornucopia of stimulating questions and conversation. a. Ostracism b. Pensive c. Laborious d. Plethora

d. Plethora

1. _________ Of thinking does not allow a professor to consider another point of view. a. Flexibility b. Rigid c. Flexible d. Rigidity

d. Rigidity

1. Which word is descriptive of small child just learning to walk? a. Geriatric b. Obese c. Hale d. Toddler

d. Toddler

1. John Kennedy was a senator before he ____ President in 1960. a. Was electing b. Elected c. Had elected d. Was elected

d. Was elected

1. The nurse was asked to record the residual urine in the patient's bladder. a. Total volume b. Measurement c. Color and clarity d. What is left

d. What is left

Day light Savings Time It is a well-known fact that it takes the Earth approximately 365 days to move around the sun. At the same time, the Earth revolves or spins around itself over the course of 24 hours, which explains why there is day and night. One half of the Earth is always facing the Sun and the other half is facing away from it. As a result, there are different time zones dividing the globe. Moving suddenly from one time zone into the other, as when flying for example from Asia to North America, causes jetlag. People feel tired, they wake up suddenly during the night and cannot go back to sleep. It takes time to get used to a new time zone. Another thing to consider is the slight tilting of the Earth towards the sun. The Earth does not stand straight but leans a little to one side. Therefore, when it revolves around the Sun, the middle part of the Earth is always closer to the Sun and gets more heat. This part is called the equator, and above it lathes tropics. Countries at the tropics get the same amount of daylight all the time. The sun always rises at 6 am and sets at 6 pm. In contrast, the tips of the Earth or the Poles get hardly any light at all because they are so far away from the sun. There are two main seasons at the Poles. There are 6 months of summer, when the sun is always shining, even at night, and there are 6 months of winter, when there is constant darkness. In between the tropics and the Poles lies the temperate zone, where there are 4 seasons. The sun rises and sets at different times throughout the year. In the spring and summer, it gets light earlier; in the fall and winter it gets dark earlier. People who live in temperate zones take advantage of that fact to get more daylight. At the beginning of spring, countries in Europe and North America readjust their clocks. They change the time on their clocks and watches by moving them an hour ahead. As a result, the sun does not set around 7 or 8 pm as usual, but an hour later. This measure is called Daylight Savings Time (DST) and lasts until the beginning of fall, when people move their clocks back one hour to Standard or regular Time. It is thought that Benjamin Franklin first suggested the introduction of Daylight Savings Time in the 18th century. But, the first serious proposal came in 1907 from William Willet. Yet his idea was shelved by the British government, who refused it because they thought it was unnecessary. Daylight Savings Time was first put into practice by the German government in1916 in order to save energy during the First World War. Shortly after, the United Kingdom followed suit, with the United States doing the same in 1918. The law was very unpopular since people had to wake up earlier and many experienced a feeling like jetlag. But the 1970s energy crisis forced the US to make Daylight Savings Time the law. Studies have shown that the introduction of Daylight Savings Time in the spring saved the US 10,000 barrels of oil per day between 1974-1975. It also prevented 2,000 traffic injuries and 50 traffic-related deaths, saving the country $28 million. Currently, Americans switch to Daylight Savings Time on the first Sunday in April and move back to Standard Time on the last Sunday in October. But as of 2007, the time readjustment will happen even earlier, in March and November. 1. As it is used in paragraph 3, the word obligatory most nearly means a. approved. b. sparse. c. aberrant. d. requisite.

d. requisite.

seperates abdominal and thoracic cavity

diagram

esophagus is part of the

digestive system

gallbladder is part of

digestive system

passive transport and examples

doesn't require energy ex. diffusion and osmosis

The buttocks are which surface of the body?

dorsal

what are the glands of the skin that produce a thin and watery secretion

eccrine glands

The _________ of this weather was that we all got wet.

effect

which organ system is responsible for regulating muscle growth

endocrine

Anaerobic respiration also produces

energy and uses glucose, but it produces less energy and does not require oxygen.

endocytosis

engulfs and brings in

inspiration

expands thoracic cavity

Urinary system in the human body primary task is to?

expel waste

vastus lateralis

extends knee and stabilizes

which one increases angle at the joint

extensor

The tympanic membrane is located between which structures?

external auditory canal and middle ear

Where does fertilization occur?

fallopian tubes

autonomic nervous system

involuntary movements (sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems)

1. To whom or for whom

is correct. Don't use to who or for who.

Anaerobic respiration can lead to burning sensation caused by which molecule?

lactic acid

The Mitral valve is located between which two structures?

left atrium left ventricle

heart with largest layer

left ventricle

eustachian tube

links the nasopharynx to the middle ear

What part of the body is the lower back?

lumbar

how does lymph work with circulatory

lymph draws excess fluid from the cells and deposits it into blood vessels

which system produces antibodies

lymphatic

In white blood cells what contributes to phagocytosis? ``

macrophages, neutrophils

parts of sternum

manibrium body xiphoid

top of sternum

manubrium

1. It will take a lot more than that to make ___run that far.

me

When drawing blood from autecubital region which blood vessel is used to obtain blood?

median cubital

What part of the brain is attached to the spinal cord?

medulla oblongata

Which structure is responsible for normal respiratory function?

medulla oblongata

what makes colors of the skin

melanin and melanocytes

osmosis

movement of water across a membrane

HCL chemical in stomach, why not absorbed/ harm stomach=

mucus lining protects

functional units of the kidney

nephrons

where are schwann cells

nervous system

All actions of the nervous system depend on the transmission of nerve impulses over which of the following?

neurons

What structure is located in the upper airways?

nose, pharynx

order of organization of living things

organelle, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms, populations, communities, ecosystem, and biosphere.

When water molecules move across cell membrane from high to low concentration this process is called?

osmosis

What female reproductive organ produces oocytes, estrogen, progesterone

ovaries

Fertilization occurs in the?

oviduct

aerobic respiration happens in presence of

oxygen

which hormone is release by posterior lobe

oxytocin.

What organ produces insulin?

panceas

calciferol is controlled by

parathyroid

which of the following location would the urinary bladder & internal reproductive organ be found

pelvic region

. The esophagus is located in which body cavity?

thoracic

Which structure produces T-lymphocytes?

thymas

What is the response of cells in the collecting tubules in the nephrons when antidiuretic hormone ADH is secreted?

water is reabsorbed from urinary filtrate

1. The patient complained of feeling light headaches and ____.

weak

1. I can't believe I ate the ____thing.

whole

cellular contact is important for

wound healing

Forgo

Omit (to leave out or exclude). (FORGO-> NOGO).

Lateral

On the side.

Patent

Open.

Where does digestion begin in the digestive system?

Oral cavity

Chronology

Order of events as they occurred; timeline.

Which statement are true about bone?

Osteoblast,epiphyseal, diaphysis

As part of the negative feedback system, which type of cell is stimulated to resorb bone matrix in response to a decrease in calcium in the blood?

Osteoclasts

Which hormone is produce by the posterior pituitary gland?

Oxytocin

distal convulted tubule controlled by

PTH

Which hand position describes an anatomical position of a person who is standing erect with feet forward?

Palms of the hand facing anterior

36. She went to the party ____________ her dislike for the host. a) In spite of b) Despite of c) Although d) Even though

a) In spite of

Anachronism

A thing of the past. "My disease is anachronism"

What are like cells grouped together called?

A tissue

An over-production of cerumen (earwax) can accumulate in which area?

External ear canals

Fatigue

Extreme tiredness, exhaustion.

Virulent

Extremely harmful and severe.

Aqueous humor is watery fluid in which part of the body?

Eye

Fertilization of an ovum occurs in which anatomical structure?

Fallopian tubes

1. The drug's purpose was to suppress the coughing instinct. a. Initiate b. Subdue c. Decrease d. Urge

b. Subdue

lymphocytes

important in immune system

1. The teacher told the student,

"put the test there."

Day light Savings Time It is a well-known fact that it takes the Earth approximately 365 days to move around the sun. At the same time, the Earth revolves or spins around itself over the course of 24 hours, which explains why there is day and night. One half of the Earth is always facing the Sun and the other half is facing away from it. As a result, there are different time zones dividing the globe. Moving suddenly from one time zone into the other, as when flying for example from Asia to North America, causes jetlag. People feel tired, they wake up suddenly during the night and cannot go back to sleep. It takes time to get used to a new time zone. Another thing to consider is the slight tilting of the Earth towards the sun. The Earth does not stand straight but leans a little to one side. Therefore, when it revolves around the Sun, the middle part of the Earth is always closer to the Sun and gets more heat. This part is called the equator, and above it lathes tropics. Countries at the tropics get the same amount of daylight all the time. The sun always rises at 6 am and sets at 6 pm. In contrast, the tips of the Earth or the Poles get hardly any light at all because they are so far away from the sun. There are two main seasons at the Poles. There are 6 months of summer, when the sun is always shining, even at night, and there are 6 months of winter, when there is constant darkness. In between the tropics and the Poles lies the temperate zone, where there are 4 seasons. The sun rises and sets at different times throughout the year. In the spring and summer, it gets light earlier; in the fall and winter it gets dark earlier. People who live in temperate zones take advantage of that fact to get more daylight. At the beginning of spring, countries in Europe and North America readjust their clocks. They change the time on their clocks and watches by moving them an hour ahead. As a result, the sun does not set around 7 or 8 pm as usual, but an hour later. This measure is called Daylight Savings Time (DST) and lasts until the beginning of fall, when people move their clocks back one hour to Standard or regular Time. It is thought that Benjamin Franklin first suggested the introduction of Daylight Savings Time in the 18th century. But, the first serious proposal came in 1907 from William Willet. Yet his idea was shelved by the British government, who refused it because they thought it was unnecessary. Daylight Savings Time was first put into practice by the German government in1916 in order to save energy during the First World War. Shortly after, the United Kingdom followed suit, with the United States doing the same in 1918. The law was very unpopular since people had to wake up earlier and many experienced a feeling like jetlag. But the 1970s energy crisis forced the US to make Daylight Savings Time the law. Studies have shown that the introduction of Daylight Savings Time in the spring saved the US 10,000 barrels of oil per day between 1974-1975. It also prevented 2,000 traffic injuries and 50 traffic-related deaths, saving the country $28 million. Currently, Americans switch to Daylight Savings Time on the first Sunday in April and move back to Standard Time on the last Sunday in October. But as of 2007, the time readjustment will happen even earlier, in March and November. 4. It is 7 p.m. Standard Time. What time is it for Daylight Savings Time? (A)6 p.m. (B)8 p.m. (C)7 a.m. (D)8 a.m.

(A)6 p.m.

Amazon Rainforest About 6% of the earth is covered by rainforests. The largest rainforest in the world is the Amazon Basin, which stretches over 2.3 million square miles in nine different South American countries. This area is double the length of all the other remaining rainforests in the world. Brazil contains 60%of the Amazonian rainforest, since it lies at the mouth of the river Amazon. This river is the second largest in the world and contains more than one-fifth of the world's fresh water. The Amazon rainforest is a type of wet broadleaf forest. The weather there is very humid and warm as it rains quite a bit. Because of the high rainfall, the forest is very rich and green. The tree leaves are pointed and narrow so that the raindrops can easily drop off wet plants. This tropical rainforest has more living species than the entire European continent. There are over 400 types of insects living in one single rain forest tree for a total of 2.5 million species. One square kilometer of rainforest may contain over 75,000 types of trees and approximately 438,000 different kinds of plants, which comes to a total of 90,000 tons of greenery overall. The Amazon rainforest is home to 2,000 birds and mammals, with one in every five birds in the world living there. Local farmers have lived off this rich and diverse land for thousands of years. They have been able to find food and water here without destroying the land. The Kayapo people of Brazil farm in an environmentally-friendly way. Instead of chemicals, they use burned wood to enrich the soil, and plant banana trees, which attract wasps. These wasps then feed on leafcutter ants and get rid of these harmful insects. The rainforest also offers a lot of tropical fruits, such as bananas and coconuts, as food. Cinnamon is made from the bark of a rainforest tree. Amazonian Indians use the fruit and stem of the Buruti plant as a drink, to make bread and to build houses. Many other plants are used as medicine. But the Amazon rainforest is in very big danger of disappearing. 9,169 square miles of forest have been cut down in 2003 in Brazil alone. An area of the size of a football field is burned down basically every minute, which means that the rain forest may be gone by the year 2030.The dangers related to this type of activity are obvious. Trees take in poisonous carbon dioxide from the air and give off oxygen. There is more oxygen and less carbon dioxide around a rainforest. When trees are cut down, however, the amount of carbon dioxide increases, and the air gets warmer. This leads to global warming, which is extremely harmful to the environment. It is estimated that the burning of Brazilian rainforests alone produces 200 million metric tons of carbon dioxide a year. Another danger connected with destroying the rainforest is the disappearance of plants and animals. When trees are cut down, plants and animals have no more food left and slowly die out. Killing wild animals is illegal in Brazil, but there is plenty of stealing going on. 38 million animals are stolen and sold illegally each year. The most hunted animals are birds, especially parrots, followed by snakes and the jaguar. 2. How can you describe the Amazon rainforest? (Choose 2 answers) (A)It rains all time there so the forest is always green. (B)The weather is so hot that not many tourists come to visit. (C)The plants are shaped so that rainwater can pour off them. (D)There is a lot of fresh water coming from the Amazon River.

(A)It rains all time there so the forest is always green. (C)The plants are shaped so that rainwater can pour off them.

Day light Savings Time It is a well-known fact that it takes the Earth approximately 365 days to move around the sun. At the same time, the Earth revolves or spins around itself over the course of 24 hours, which explains why there is day and night. One half of the Earth is always facing the Sun and the other half is facing away from it. As a result, there are different time zones dividing the globe. Moving suddenly from one time zone into the other, as when flying for example from Asia to North America, causes jetlag. People feel tired, they wake up suddenly during the night and cannot go back to sleep. It takes time to get used to a new time zone. Another thing to consider is the slight tilting of the Earth towards the sun. The Earth does not stand straight but leans a little to one side. Therefore, when it revolves around the Sun, the middle part of the Earth is always closer to the Sun and gets more heat. This part is called the equator, and above it lathes tropics. Countries at the tropics get the same amount of daylight all the time. The sun always rises at 6 am and sets at 6 pm. In contrast, the tips of the Earth or the Poles get hardly any light at all because they are so far away from the sun. There are two main seasons at the Poles. There are 6 months of summer, when the sun is always shining, even at night, and there are 6 months of winter, when there is constant darkness. In between the tropics and the Poles lies the temperate zone, where there are 4 seasons. The sun rises and sets at different times throughout the year. In the spring and summer, it gets light earlier; in the fall and winter it gets dark earlier. People who live in temperate zones take advantage of that fact to get more daylight. At the beginning of spring, countries in Europe and North America readjust their clocks. They change the time on their clocks and watches by moving them an hour ahead. As a result, the sun does not set around 7 or 8 pm as usual, but an hour later. This measure is called Daylight Savings Time (DST) and lasts until the beginning of fall, when people move their clocks back one hour to Standard or regular Time. It is thought that Benjamin Franklin first suggested the introduction of Daylight Savings Time in the 18th century. But, the first serious proposal came in 1907 from William Willet. Yet his idea was shelved by the British government, who refused it because they thought it was unnecessary. Daylight Savings Time was first put into practice by the German government in1916 in order to save energy during the First World War. Shortly after, the United Kingdom followed suit, with the United States doing the same in 1918. The law was very unpopular since people had to wake up earlier and many experienced a feeling like jetlag. But the 1970s energy crisis forced the US to make Daylight Savings Time the law. Studies have shown that the introduction of Daylight Savings Time in the spring saved the US 10,000 barrels of oil per day between 1974-1975. It also prevented 2,000 traffic injuries and 50 traffic-related deaths, saving the country $28 million. Currently, Americans switch to Daylight Savings Time on the first Sunday in April and move back to Standard Time on the last Sunday in October. But as of 2007, the time readjustment will happen even earlier, in March and November. 6. What can be inferred about Daylight Savings Time? (A)It will be modified starting in 2007. (B)It will be canceled right after the end of 2007. (C)It will be replaced with Standard Time in March 2007. (D)It will be adjusted shortly before the start of 2007.

(A)It will be modified starting in 2007.

Amazon Rainforest About 6% of the earth is covered by rainforests. The largest rainforest in the world is the Amazon Basin, which stretches over 2.3 million square miles in nine different South American countries. This area is double the length of all the other remaining rainforests in the world. Brazil contains 60%of the Amazonian rainforest, since it lies at the mouth of the river Amazon. This river is the second largest in the world and contains more than one-fifth of the world's fresh water. The Amazon rainforest is a type of wet broadleaf forest. The weather there is very humid and warm as it rains quite a bit. Because of the high rainfall, the forest is very rich and green. The tree leaves are pointed and narrow so that the raindrops can easily drop off wet plants. This tropical rainforest has more living species than the entire European continent. There are over 400 types of insects living in one single rain forest tree for a total of 2.5 million species. One square kilometer of rainforest may contain over 75,000 types of trees and approximately 438,000 different kinds of plants, which comes to a total of 90,000 tons of greenery overall. The Amazon rainforest is home to 2,000 birds and mammals, with one in every five birds in the world living there. Local farmers have lived off this rich and diverse land for thousands of years. They have been able to find food and water here without destroying the land. The Kayapo people of Brazil farm in an environmentally-friendly way. Instead of chemicals, they use burned wood to enrich the soil, and plant banana trees, which attract wasps. These wasps then feed on leafcutter ants and get rid of these harmful insects. The rainforest also offers a lot of tropical fruits, such as bananas and coconuts, as food. Cinnamon is made from the bark of a rainforest tree. Amazonian Indians use the fruit and stem of the Buruti plant as a drink, to make bread and to build houses. Many other plants are used as medicine. But the Amazon rainforest is in very big danger of disappearing. 9,169 square miles of forest have been cut down in 2003 in Brazil alone. An area of the size of a football field is burned down basically every minute, which means that the rain forest may be gone by the year 2030.The dangers related to this type of activity are obvious. Trees take in poisonous carbon dioxide from the air and give off oxygen. There is more oxygen and less carbon dioxide around a rainforest. When trees are cut down, however, the amount of carbon dioxide increases, and the air gets warmer. This leads to global warming, which is extremely harmful to the environment. It is estimated that the burning of Brazilian rainforests alone produces 200 million metric tons of carbon dioxide a year. Another danger connected with destroying the rainforest is the disappearance of plants and animals. When trees are cut down, plants and animals have no more food left and slowly die out. Killing wild animals is illegal in Brazil, but there is plenty of stealing going on. 38 million animals are stolen and sold illegally each year. The most hunted animals are birds, especially parrots, followed by snakes and the jaguar. 5. What does the sentence "people of Brazil farm in an environmentally friendly way" mean in paragraph 3? (A)They do not poison the soil when farming. (B)They use natural chemicals to make the soil rich. (C)They plant and don't cut down banana trees. (D)They do not kill insects even if they are harmful.

(A)They do not poison the soil when farming.

Amazon Rainforest About 6% of the earth is covered by rainforests. The largest rainforest in the world is the Amazon Basin, which stretches over 2.3 million square miles in nine different South American countries. This area is double the length of all the other remaining rainforests in the world. Brazil contains 60%of the Amazonian rainforest, since it lies at the mouth of the river Amazon. This river is the second largest in the world and contains more than one-fifth of the world's fresh water. The Amazon rainforest is a type of wet broadleaf forest. The weather there is very humid and warm as it rains quite a bit. Because of the high rainfall, the forest is very rich and green. The tree leaves are pointed and narrow so that the raindrops can easily drop off wet plants. This tropical rainforest has more living species than the entire European continent. There are over 400 types of insects living in one single rain forest tree for a total of 2.5 million species. One square kilometer of rainforest may contain over 75,000 types of trees and approximately 438,000 different kinds of plants, which comes to a total of 90,000 tons of greenery overall. The Amazon rainforest is home to 2,000 birds and mammals, with one in every five birds in the world living there. Local farmers have lived off this rich and diverse land for thousands of years. They have been able to find food and water here without destroying the land. The Kayapo people of Brazil farm in an environmentally-friendly way. Instead of chemicals, they use burned wood to enrich the soil, and plant banana trees, which attract wasps. These wasps then feed on leafcutter ants and get rid of these harmful insects. The rainforest also offers a lot of tropical fruits, such as bananas and coconuts, as food. Cinnamon is made from the bark of a rainforest tree. Amazonian Indians use the fruit and stem of the Buruti plant as a drink, to make bread and to build houses. Many other plants are used as medicine. But the Amazon rainforest is in very big danger of disappearing. 9,169 square miles of forest have been cut down in 2003 in Brazil alone. An area of the size of a football field is burned down basically every minute, which means that the rain forest may be gone by the year 2030.The dangers related to this type of activity are obvious. Trees take in poisonous carbon dioxide from the air and give off oxygen. There is more oxygen and less carbon dioxide around a rainforest. When trees are cut down, however, the amount of carbon dioxide increases, and the air gets warmer. This leads to global warming, which is extremely harmful to the environment. It is estimated that the burning of Brazilian rainforests alone produces 200 million metric tons of carbon dioxide a year. Another danger connected with destroying the rainforest is the disappearance of plants and animals. When trees are cut down, plants and animals have no more food left and slowly die out. Killing wild animals is illegal in Brazil, but there is plenty of stealing going on. 38 million animals are stolen and sold illegally each year. The most hunted animals are birds, especially parrots, followed by snakes and the jaguar. 4. Look at the end of paragraph 2. What does the author refer to when he says "rich and diverse land" at the beginning of paragraph 3? (A)400 types of insects in the Amazon rainforest (B)2,000 birds and mammals in the Amazon rainforest (C)The many kinds of plants growing in the Amazon rainforest (D)The large variety of Amazonian plants and animals

(B)2,000 birds and mammals in the Amazon rainforest

Day light Savings Time It is a well-known fact that it takes the Earth approximately 365 days to move around the sun. At the same time, the Earth revolves or spins around itself over the course of 24 hours, which explains why there is day and night. One half of the Earth is always facing the Sun and the other half is facing away from it. As a result, there are different time zones dividing the globe. Moving suddenly from one time zone into the other, as when flying for example from Asia to North America, causes jetlag. People feel tired, they wake up suddenly during the night and cannot go back to sleep. It takes time to get used to a new time zone. Another thing to consider is the slight tilting of the Earth towards the sun. The Earth does not stand straight but leans a little to one side. Therefore, when it revolves around the Sun, the middle part of the Earth is always closer to the Sun and gets more heat. This part is called the equator, and above it lathes tropics. Countries at the tropics get the same amount of daylight all the time. The sun always rises at 6 am and sets at 6 pm. In contrast, the tips of the Earth or the Poles get hardly any light at all because they are so far away from the sun. There are two main seasons at the Poles. There are 6 months of summer, when the sun is always shining, even at night, and there are 6 months of winter, when there is constant darkness. In between the tropics and the Poles lies the temperate zone, where there are 4 seasons. The sun rises and sets at different times throughout the year. In the spring and summer, it gets light earlier; in the fall and winter it gets dark earlier. People who live in temperate zones take advantage of that fact to get more daylight. At the beginning of spring, countries in Europe and North America readjust their clocks. They change the time on their clocks and watches by moving them an hour ahead. As a result, the sun does not set around 7 or 8 pm as usual, but an hour later. This measure is called Daylight Savings Time (DST) and lasts until the beginning of fall, when people move their clocks back one hour to Standard or regular Time. It is thought that Benjamin Franklin first suggested the introduction of Daylight Savings Time in the 18th century. But, the first serious proposal came in 1907 from William Willet. Yet his idea was shelved by the British government, who refused it because they thought it was unnecessary. Daylight Savings Time was first put into practice by the German government in1916 in order to save energy during the First World War. Shortly after, the United Kingdom followed suit, with the United States doing the same in 1918. The law was very unpopular since people had to wake up earlier and many experienced a feeling like jetlag. But the 1970s energy crisis forced the US to make Daylight Savings Time the law. Studies have shown that the introduction of Daylight Savings Time in the spring saved the US 10,000 barrels of oil per day between 1974-1975. It also prevented 2,000 traffic injuries and 50 traffic-related deaths, saving the country $28 million. Currently, Americans switch to Daylight Savings Time on the first Sunday in April and move back to Standard Time on the last Sunday in October. But as of 2007, the time readjustment will happen even earlier, in March and November. 2. What does the sentence "It takes time to get used to a new time zone." mean in paragraph 1? (A)A flight between Asia and North America takes a long time. (B)Changing time zones makes people feel tired. (C)People need time to feel comfortable with a new time zone. (D)It may take weeks to get used to jetlag.

(B)Changing time zones makes people feel tired.

Amazon Rainforest About 6% of the earth is covered by rainforests. The largest rainforest in the world is the Amazon Basin, which stretches over 2.3 million square miles in nine different South American countries. This area is double the length of all the other remaining rainforests in the world. Brazil contains 60%of the Amazonian rainforest, since it lies at the mouth of the river Amazon. This river is the second largest in the world and contains more than one-fifth of the world's fresh water. The Amazon rainforest is a type of wet broadleaf forest. The weather there is very humid and warm as it rains quite a bit. Because of the high rainfall, the forest is very rich and green. The tree leaves are pointed and narrow so that the raindrops can easily drop off wet plants. This tropical rainforest has more living species than the entire European continent. There are over 400 types of insects living in one single rain forest tree for a total of 2.5 million species. One square kilometer of rainforest may contain over 75,000 types of trees and approximately 438,000 different kinds of plants, which comes to a total of 90,000 tons of greenery overall. The Amazon rainforest is home to 2,000 birds and mammals, with one in every five birds in the world living there. Local farmers have lived off this rich and diverse land for thousands of years. They have been able to find food and water here without destroying the land. The Kayapo people of Brazil farm in an environmentally-friendly way. Instead of chemicals, they use burned wood to enrich the soil, and plant banana trees, which attract wasps. These wasps then feed on leafcutter ants and get rid of these harmful insects. The rainforest also offers a lot of tropical fruits, such as bananas and coconuts, as food. Cinnamon is made from the bark of a rainforest tree. Amazonian Indians use the fruit and stem of the Buruti plant as a drink, to make bread and to build houses. Many other plants are used as medicine. But the Amazon rainforest is in very big danger of disappearing. 9,169 square miles of forest have been cut down in 2003 in Brazil alone. An area of the size of a football field is burned down basically every minute, which means that the rain forest may be gone by the year 2030.The dangers related to this type of activity are obvious. Trees take in poisonous carbon dioxide from the air and give off oxygen. There is more oxygen and less carbon dioxide around a rainforest. When trees are cut down, however, the amount of carbon dioxide increases, and the air gets warmer. This leads to global warming, which is extremely harmful to the environment. It is estimated that the burning of Brazilian rainforests alone produces 200 million metric tons of carbon dioxide a year. Another danger connected with destroying the rainforest is the disappearance of plants and animals. When trees are cut down, plants and animals have no more food left and slowly die out. Killing wild animals is illegal in Brazil, but there is plenty of stealing going on. 38 million animals are stolen and sold illegally each year. The most hunted animals are birds, especially parrots, followed by snakes and the jaguar. 3. Which of the following is true about the Amazon Basin? (A)It is not much larger than all the other rainforests in the world combined. (B)It is more than one-fifth of all the other rainforests in the world. (C)The tree leaves there are purposely shaped as they are. (D)It is a habitat for many reptiles and plants.

(B)It is more than one-fifth of all the other rainforests in the world.

Day light Savings Time It is a well-known fact that it takes the Earth approximately 365 days to move around the sun. At the same time, the Earth revolves or spins around itself over the course of 24 hours, which explains why there is day and night. One half of the Earth is always facing the Sun and the other half is facing away from it. As a result, there are different time zones dividing the globe. Moving suddenly from one time zone into the other, as when flying for example from Asia to North America, causes jetlag. People feel tired, they wake up suddenly during the night and cannot go back to sleep. It takes time to get used to a new time zone. Another thing to consider is the slight tilting of the Earth towards the sun. The Earth does not stand straight but leans a little to one side. Therefore, when it revolves around the Sun, the middle part of the Earth is always closer to the Sun and gets more heat. This part is called the equator, and above it lathes tropics. Countries at the tropics get the same amount of daylight all the time. The sun always rises at 6 am and sets at 6 pm. In contrast, the tips of the Earth or the Poles get hardly any light at all because they are so far away from the sun. There are two main seasons at the Poles. There are 6 months of summer, when the sun is always shining, even at night, and there are 6 months of winter, when there is constant darkness. In between the tropics and the Poles lies the temperate zone, where there are 4 seasons. The sun rises and sets at different times throughout the year. In the spring and summer, it gets light earlier; in the fall and winter it gets dark earlier. People who live in temperate zones take advantage of that fact to get more daylight. At the beginning of spring, countries in Europe and North America readjust their clocks. They change the time on their clocks and watches by moving them an hour ahead. As a result, the sun does not set around 7 or 8 pm as usual, but an hour later. This measure is called Daylight Savings Time (DST) and lasts until the beginning of fall, when people move their clocks back one hour to Standard or regular Time. It is thought that Benjamin Franklin first suggested the introduction of Daylight Savings Time in the 18th century. But, the first serious proposal came in 1907 from William Willet. Yet his idea was shelved by the British government, who refused it because they thought it was unnecessary. Daylight Savings Time was first put into practice by the German government in1916 in order to save energy during the First World War. Shortly after, the United Kingdom followed suit, with the United States doing the same in 1918. The law was very unpopular since people had to wake up earlier and many experienced a feeling like jetlag. But the 1970s energy crisis forced the US to make Daylight Savings Time the law. Studies have shown that the introduction of Daylight Savings Time in the spring saved the US 10,000 barrels of oil per day between 1974-1975. It also prevented 2,000 traffic injuries and 50 traffic-related deaths, saving the country $28 million. Currently, Americans switch to Daylight Savings Time on the first Sunday in April and move back to Standard Time on the last Sunday in October. But as of 2007, the time readjustment will happen even earlier, in March and November. 3. Which part of the Earth is the closest to the Sun? (A)The Equator (B)The tropics (C)The temperate zone (D)The Poles

(B)The tropics

Day light Savings Time It is a well-known fact that it takes the Earth approximately 365 days to move around the sun. At the same time, the Earth revolves or spins around itself over the course of 24 hours, which explains why there is day and night. One half of the Earth is always facing the Sun and the other half is facing away from it. As a result, there are different time zones dividing the globe. Moving suddenly from one time zone into the other, as when flying for example from Asia to North America, causes jetlag. People feel tired, they wake up suddenly during the night and cannot go back to sleep. It takes time to get used to a new time zone. Another thing to consider is the slight tilting of the Earth towards the sun. The Earth does not stand straight but leans a little to one side. Therefore, when it revolves around the Sun, the middle part of the Earth is always closer to the Sun and gets more heat. This part is called the equator, and above it lathes tropics. Countries at the tropics get the same amount of daylight all the time. The sun always rises at 6 am and sets at 6 pm. In contrast, the tips of the Earth or the Poles get hardly any light at all because they are so far away from the sun. There are two main seasons at the Poles. There are 6 months of summer, when the sun is always shining, even at night, and there are 6 months of winter, when there is constant darkness. In between the tropics and the Poles lies the temperate zone, where there are 4 seasons. The sun rises and sets at different times throughout the year. In the spring and summer, it gets light earlier; in the fall and winter it gets dark earlier. People who live in temperate zones take advantage of that fact to get more daylight. At the beginning of spring, countries in Europe and North America readjust their clocks. They change the time on their clocks and watches by moving them an hour ahead. As a result, the sun does not set around 7 or 8 pm as usual, but an hour later. This measure is called Daylight Savings Time (DST) and lasts until the beginning of fall, when people move their clocks back one hour to Standard or regular Time. It is thought that Benjamin Franklin first suggested the introduction of Daylight Savings Time in the 18th century. But, the first serious proposal came in 1907 from William Willet. Yet his idea was shelved by the British government, who refused it because they thought it was unnecessary. Daylight Savings Time was first put into practice by the German government in1916 in order to save energy during the First World War. Shortly after, the United Kingdom followed suit, with the United States doing the same in 1918. The law was very unpopular since people had to wake up earlier and many experienced a feeling like jetlag. But the 1970s energy crisis forced the US to make Daylight Savings Time the law. Studies have shown that the introduction of Daylight Savings Time in the spring saved the US 10,000 barrels of oil per day between 1974-1975. It also prevented 2,000 traffic injuries and 50 traffic-related deaths, saving the country $28 million. Currently, Americans switch to Daylight Savings Time on the first Sunday in April and move back to Standard Time on the last Sunday in October. But as of 2007, the time readjustment will happen even earlier, in March and November. 1. What is the main idea of this passage? (A)Time is a complicated thing to calculate. (B)People in different countries measure time in different ways. (C)Daylight Savings Time is the result of the Earth moving around the Sun. (D)Daylight Savings Time is not a very popular law in the USA.

(C)Daylight Savings Time is the result of the Earth moving around the Sun.

Amazon Rainforest About 6% of the earth is covered by rainforests. The largest rainforest in the world is the Amazon Basin, which stretches over 2.3 million square miles in nine different South American countries. This area is double the length of all the other remaining rainforests in the world. Brazil contains 60%of the Amazonian rainforest, since it lies at the mouth of the river Amazon. This river is the second largest in the world and contains more than one-fifth of the world's fresh water. The Amazon rainforest is a type of wet broadleaf forest. The weather there is very humid and warm as it rains quite a bit. Because of the high rainfall, the forest is very rich and green. The tree leaves are pointed and narrow so that the raindrops can easily drop off wet plants. This tropical rainforest has more living species than the entire European continent. There are over 400 types of insects living in one single rain forest tree for a total of 2.5 million species. One square kilometer of rainforest may contain over 75,000 types of trees and approximately 438,000 different kinds of plants, which comes to a total of 90,000 tons of greenery overall. The Amazon rainforest is home to 2,000 birds and mammals, with one in every five birds in the world living there. Local farmers have lived off this rich and diverse land for thousands of years. They have been able to find food and water here without destroying the land. The Kayapo people of Brazil farm in an environmentally-friendly way. Instead of chemicals, they use burned wood to enrich the soil, and plant banana trees, which attract wasps. These wasps then feed on leafcutter ants and get rid of these harmful insects. The rainforest also offers a lot of tropical fruits, such as bananas and coconuts, as food. Cinnamon is made from the bark of a rainforest tree. Amazonian Indians use the fruit and stem of the Buruti plant as a drink, to make bread and to build houses. Many other plants are used as medicine. But the Amazon rainforest is in very big danger of disappearing. 9,169 square miles of forest have been cut down in 2003 in Brazil alone. An area of the size of a football field is burned down basically every minute, which means that the rain forest may be gone by the year 2030.The dangers related to this type of activity are obvious. Trees take in poisonous carbon dioxide from the air and give off oxygen. There is more oxygen and less carbon dioxide around a rainforest. When trees are cut down, however, the amount of carbon dioxide increases, and the air gets warmer. This leads to global warming, which is extremely harmful to the environment. It is estimated that the burning of Brazilian rainforests alone produces 200 million metric tons of carbon dioxide a year. Another danger connected with destroying the rainforest is the disappearance of plants and animals. When trees are cut down, plants and animals have no more food left and slowly die out. Killing wild animals is illegal in Brazil, but there is plenty of stealing going on. 38 million animals are stolen and sold illegally each year. The most hunted animals are birds, especially parrots, followed by snakes and the jaguar. 1. According to paragraph 1, which of the following is NOT mentioned about the Amazon Rainforest? (A)Its gross area (B)Its body of water (C)Its precipitation (D)Its extinct animals

(C)Its precipitation

Amazon Rainforest About 6% of the earth is covered by rainforests. The largest rainforest in the world is the Amazon Basin, which stretches over 2.3 million square miles in nine different South American countries. This area is double the length of all the other remaining rainforests in the world. Brazil contains 60%of the Amazonian rainforest, since it lies at the mouth of the river Amazon. This river is the second largest in the world and contains more than one-fifth of the world's fresh water. The Amazon rainforest is a type of wet broadleaf forest. The weather there is very humid and warm as it rains quite a bit. Because of the high rainfall, the forest is very rich and green. The tree leaves are pointed and narrow so that the raindrops can easily drop off wet plants. This tropical rainforest has more living species than the entire European continent. There are over 400 types of insects living in one single rain forest tree for a total of 2.5 million species. One square kilometer of rainforest may contain over 75,000 types of trees and approximately 438,000 different kinds of plants, which comes to a total of 90,000 tons of greenery overall. The Amazon rainforest is home to 2,000 birds and mammals, with one in every five birds in the world living there. Local farmers have lived off this rich and diverse land for thousands of years. They have been able to find food and water here without destroying the land. The Kayapo people of Brazil farm in an environmentally-friendly way. Instead of chemicals, they use burned wood to enrich the soil, and plant banana trees, which attract wasps. These wasps then feed on leafcutter ants and get rid of these harmful insects. The rainforest also offers a lot of tropical fruits, such as bananas and coconuts, as food. Cinnamon is made from the bark of a rainforest tree. Amazonian Indians use the fruit and stem of the Buruti plant as a drink, to make bread and to build houses. Many other plants are used as medicine. But the Amazon rainforest is in very big danger of disappearing. 9,169 square miles of forest have been cut down in 2003 in Brazil alone. An area of the size of a football field is burned down basically every minute, which means that the rain forest may be gone by the year 2030.The dangers related to this type of activity are obvious. Trees take in poisonous carbon dioxide from the air and give off oxygen. There is more oxygen and less carbon dioxide around a rainforest. When trees are cut down, however, the amount of carbon dioxide increases, and the air gets warmer. This leads to global warming, which is extremely harmful to the environment. It is estimated that the burning of Brazilian rainforests alone produces 200 million metric tons of carbon dioxide a year. Another danger connected with destroying the rainforest is the disappearance of plants and animals. When trees are cut down, plants and animals have no more food left and slowly die out. Killing wild animals is illegal in Brazil, but there is plenty of stealing going on. 38 million animals are stolen and sold illegally each year. The most hunted animals are birds, especially parrots, followed by snakes and the jaguar. 7. What is the biggest problem related to the disappearance of the rainforest? (A)Global warming (B)Poisoning the air (C)Burning the field (D)Cutting down trees

(D)Cutting down trees

Day light Savings Time It is a well-known fact that it takes the Earth approximately 365 days to move around the sun. At the same time, the Earth revolves or spins around itself over the course of 24 hours, which explains why there is day and night. One half of the Earth is always facing the Sun and the other half is facing away from it. As a result, there are different time zones dividing the globe. Moving suddenly from one time zone into the other, as when flying for example from Asia to North America, causes jetlag. People feel tired, they wake up suddenly during the night and cannot go back to sleep. It takes time to get used to a new time zone. Another thing to consider is the slight tilting of the Earth towards the sun. The Earth does not stand straight but leans a little to one side. Therefore, when it revolves around the Sun, the middle part of the Earth is always closer to the Sun and gets more heat. This part is called the equator, and above it lathes tropics. Countries at the tropics get the same amount of daylight all the time. The sun always rises at 6 am and sets at 6 pm. In contrast, the tips of the Earth or the Poles get hardly any light at all because they are so far away from the sun. There are two main seasons at the Poles. There are 6 months of summer, when the sun is always shining, even at night, and there are 6 months of winter, when there is constant darkness. In between the tropics and the Poles lies the temperate zone, where there are 4 seasons. The sun rises and sets at different times throughout the year. In the spring and summer, it gets light earlier; in the fall and winter it gets dark earlier. People who live in temperate zones take advantage of that fact to get more daylight. At the beginning of spring, countries in Europe and North America readjust their clocks. They change the time on their clocks and watches by moving them an hour ahead. As a result, the sun does not set around 7 or 8 pm as usual, but an hour later. This measure is called Daylight Savings Time (DST) and lasts until the beginning of fall, when people move their clocks back one hour to Standard or regular Time. It is thought that Benjamin Franklin first suggested the introduction of Daylight Savings Time in the 18th century. But, the first serious proposal came in 1907 from William Willet. Yet his idea was shelved by the British government, who refused it because they thought it was unnecessary. Daylight Savings Time was first put into practice by the German government in1916 in order to save energy during the First World War. Shortly after, the United Kingdom followed suit, with the United States doing the same in 1918. The law was very unpopular since people had to wake up earlier and many experienced a feeling like jetlag. But the 1970s energy crisis forced the US to make Daylight Savings Time the law. Studies have shown that the introduction of Daylight Savings Time in the spring saved the US 10,000 barrels of oil per day between 1974-1975. It also prevented 2,000 traffic injuries and 50 traffic-related deaths, saving the country $28 million. Currently, Americans switch to Daylight Savings Time on the first Sunday in April and move back to Standard Time on the last Sunday in October. But as of 2007, the time readjustment will happen even earlier, in March and November. 5. Was Daylight Savings Time popular in the beginning? (A)Yes, people wanted to save energy. (B)Yes, people like staying up late in the summer months. (C)No, there was a war at that time and people hated it. (D)No, people felt tired because they couldn't sleep that long.

(D)No, people felt tired because they couldn't sleep that long.

Amazon Rainforest About 6% of the earth is covered by rainforests. The largest rainforest in the world is the Amazon Basin, which stretches over 2.3 million square miles in nine different South American countries. This area is double the length of all the other remaining rainforests in the world. Brazil contains 60%of the Amazonian rainforest, since it lies at the mouth of the river Amazon. This river is the second largest in the world and contains more than one-fifth of the world's fresh water. The Amazon rainforest is a type of wet broadleaf forest. The weather there is very humid and warm as it rains quite a bit. Because of the high rainfall, the forest is very rich and green. The tree leaves are pointed and narrow so that the raindrops can easily drop off wet plants. This tropical rainforest has more living species than the entire European continent. There are over 400 types of insects living in one single rain forest tree for a total of 2.5 million species. One square kilometer of rainforest may contain over 75,000 types of trees and approximately 438,000 different kinds of plants, which comes to a total of 90,000 tons of greenery overall. The Amazon rainforest is home to 2,000 birds and mammals, with one in every five birds in the world living there. Local farmers have lived off this rich and diverse land for thousands of years. They have been able to find food and water here without destroying the land. The Kayapo people of Brazil farm in an environmentally-friendly way. Instead of chemicals, they use burned wood to enrich the soil, and plant banana trees, which attract wasps. These wasps then feed on leafcutter ants and get rid of these harmful insects. The rainforest also offers a lot of tropical fruits, such as bananas and coconuts, as food. Cinnamon is made from the bark of a rainforest tree. Amazonian Indians use the fruit and stem of the Buruti plant as a drink, to make bread and to build houses. Many other plants are used as medicine. But the Amazon rainforest is in very big danger of disappearing. 9,169 square miles of forest have been cut down in 2003 in Brazil alone. An area of the size of a football field is burned down basically every minute, which means that the rain forest may be gone by the year 2030.The dangers related to this type of activity are obvious. Trees take in poisonous carbon dioxide from the air and give off oxygen. There is more oxygen and less carbon dioxide around a rainforest. When trees are cut down, however, the amount of carbon dioxide increases, and the air gets warmer. This leads to global warming, which is extremely harmful to the environment. It is estimated that the burning of Brazilian rainforests alone produces 200 million metric tons of carbon dioxide a year. Another danger connected with destroying the rainforest is the disappearance of plants and animals. When trees are cut down, plants and animals have no more food left and slowly die out. Killing wild animals is illegal in Brazil, but there is plenty of stealing going on. 38 million animals are stolen and sold illegally each year. The most hunted animals are birds, especially parrots, followed by snakes and the jaguar. 6. Which rainforest plant has more than one use? (A)The banana (B)The coconut (C)Cinnamon (D)The Bruti plant

(D)The Bruti plant

Day light Savings Time It is a well-known fact that it takes the Earth approximately 365 days to move around the sun. At the same time, the Earth revolves or spins around itself over the course of 24 hours, which explains why there is day and night. One half of the Earth is always facing the Sun and the other half is facing away from it. As a result, there are different time zones dividing the globe. Moving suddenly from one time zone into the other, as when flying for example from Asia to North America, causes jetlag. People feel tired, they wake up suddenly during the night and cannot go back to sleep. It takes time to get used to a new time zone. Another thing to consider is the slight tilting of the Earth towards the sun. The Earth does not stand straight but leans a little to one side. Therefore, when it revolves around the Sun, the middle part of the Earth is always closer to the Sun and gets more heat. This part is called the equator, and above it lathes tropics. Countries at the tropics get the same amount of daylight all the time. The sun always rises at 6 am and sets at 6 pm. In contrast, the tips of the Earth or the Poles get hardly any light at all because they are so far away from the sun. There are two main seasons at the Poles. There are 6 months of summer, when the sun is always shining, even at night, and there are 6 months of winter, when there is constant darkness. In between the tropics and the Poles lies the temperate zone, where there are 4 seasons. The sun rises and sets at different times throughout the year. In the spring and summer, it gets light earlier; in the fall and winter it gets dark earlier. People who live in temperate zones take advantage of that fact to get more daylight. At the beginning of spring, countries in Europe and North America readjust their clocks. They change the time on their clocks and watches by moving them an hour ahead. As a result, the sun does not set around 7 or 8 pm as usual, but an hour later. This measure is called Daylight Savings Time (DST) and lasts until the beginning of fall, when people move their clocks back one hour to Standard or regular Time. It is thought that Benjamin Franklin first suggested the introduction of Daylight Savings Time in the 18th century. But, the first serious proposal came in 1907 from William Willet. Yet his idea was shelved by the British government, who refused it because they thought it was unnecessary. Daylight Savings Time was first put into practice by the German government in1916 in order to save energy during the First World War. Shortly after, the United Kingdom followed suit, with the United States doing the same in 1918. The law was very unpopular since people had to wake up earlier and many experienced a feeling like jetlag. But the 1970s energy crisis forced the US to make Daylight Savings Time the law. Studies have shown that the introduction of Daylight Savings Time in the spring saved the US 10,000 barrels of oil per day between 1974-1975. It also prevented 2,000 traffic injuries and 50 traffic-related deaths, saving the country $28 million. Currently, Americans switch to Daylight Savings Time on the first Sunday in April and move back to Standard Time on the last Sunday in October. But as of 2007, the time readjustment will happen even earlier, in March and November. 7. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage? (A)The cause of jetlag (B)The amount of daylight at the tropics (C)Why the time readjustment will happen (D)Why the British government refused Daylight Savings Time

(D)Why the British government refused Daylight Savings Time

All the Jazz Jazz has been called "the art of expression set to music", and "America's great contribution to music". It has functioned as popular art and enjoyed periods of widespread public response, in the "jazz age" of the 1920s, in the "swing era" of the late 1930s and in the peak popularity of modern jazz in the late 1950s. The standard legend about Jazz is that it originated around the end of the 19th century in New Orleans and moved up the Mississippi River to Memphis, St. Louis, and finally to Chicago. It welded together the elements of Ragtime, marching band music, and the Blues. However, the influences of what led to those early sounds goes back to tribal African drum beats and European musical structures. Buddy Bolden, a New Orleans barber and cornet player, is generally considered to have been the first real Jazz musician, around 1891. What made Jazz significantly different from the other earlier forms of music was the use of improvisation. Jazz displayed a break from traditional music where a composer wrote an entire piece of music on paper, leaving the musicians to break their backs playing exactly what was written on the score. In a Jazz piece, however, the song is simply a starting point, or sort of skeletal guide for the Jazz musicians to improvise around. Many of the early Jazz musicians were bad sight readers and some couldn't even read music at all. These early musicians couldn't make money very much and were stuck working menial jobs to make a living. The second wave of New Orleans Jazz musicians included such memorable players as Joe Oliver, Kid Ory, and Jelly Roll Morton. These men formed small bands and took the music of earlier musicians, improved its complexity, and gained greater success. This music is known as "hot Jazz" due to the enormously fast speeds and rhythmic drive. A young cornet player by the name of Louis Armstrong was discovered by Joe Oliver in New Orleans. He soon grew up to become one of the greatest and most successful musicians of all time, and later one of the biggest stars in the world. The impact of Armstrong and other talented early Jazz musicians changed the way we look at music. 11. Which of the following terms is defined in the passage? (a) "improvisation" (line 12) (b) "traditional" (line 12) (c) "composer" (line 12) (d) "score" (line 14)

(a) "improvisation" (line 12)

Considered the most influential architect of his time, Frank Lloyd Wright (1867-1959) was born in the small rural community of Richland Center, Wisconsin. He entered the University of Wisconsin at the age of 15 as a special student, studying engineering because the school had no course in architecture. At the age of 20 he then went to work as a draughtsman in Chicago in order to learn the traditional, classical language of architecture. After marrying into a wealthy business family at the age of 21, Wright set up house in an exclusive neighborhood in Chicago, and after a few years of working for a few architectural firms, set up his own architectural office. For twenty years he brought up a family of six children upstairs and ran a thriving architectural practice of twelve or so draughts men downstairs. Here, in an idyllic American suburb, with giant oaks, sprawling lawns, and no fences, Wright built some sixty rambling homes by the year 1900. He became the leader of a style known as the "Prairie" school - houses with low-pitched roofs and extended lines that blended into the landscape and typified his style of "organic architecture". By the age of forty-one, in 1908, Wright had achieved extraordinary social and professional success. He gave countless lectures at major universities and started his Taliesin Fellowship - a visionary social workshop. In 1938 he appeared on the cover of Time magazine, and later, on a two-cent stamp. The most spectacular buildings of his mature period were based on forms borrowed from nature, and the intentions were clearly romantic, poetic, and intensely personal. Examples of these buildings are Tokyo's Imperial Hotel (1915-22: demolished 1968), and New York City's Guggenheim Museum (completed 1959). He continued working until his death in 1959, at the age of 92, although in his later years, he spent as much time giving interviews and being a celebrity, as he did in designing buildings. Wright can be considered an essentially idiosyncratic architect whose influence was immense but whose pupils were few. 34. The word "some" in line 11 is closest in meaning to (a) around (b) over (c) nearly (d) exactly

(a) around

People of Hispanic origin were on the North American continent centuries before settlers arrived from Europe in the early 1600s and the thirteen colonies joined together to form the United States in the late 1700s. The first census of the new nation was conducted in 1790, and counted about four million people, most of whom were white. Of the white citizens, more than 80% traced their ancestry back to England. There were close to 700,000 slaves and about 60,000 "free Negroes". Only a few Native American Indians who paid taxes were included in the census count, but the total Native American population was probably about one million. By 1815, the population of the United States was 8.4 million. Over the next 100 years, the country took in about 35 million immigrants, with the greatest numbers coming in the late 1800s and early 1900s. In 1882, 40,000 Chinese arrived, and between 1900 and 1907, there were more than 30,000 Japanese immigrants. But by far, the largest numbers of the new immigrants were from central, eastern, and southern Europe. An enormous amount of racial and ethnic assimilation has taken place in the United States. In 1908, play-write Israel Zangwill first used the term "melting pot" to describe the concept of a place where many races melted in a crucible and re-formed to populate a new land. Some years during the first two decades of the 20th century, there were as many as one million new immigrants per year, an astonishing 1 percent of the total population of the United States. In 1921, however, the country began to limit immigration, and the Immigration Act of 1924 virtually closed the door. The total number of immigrants admitted per year dropped from as many as a million to only 150,000. A quota system was established that specified the number of immigrants that could come from each country. It heavily favored immigrants from northern and western Europe and severely limited everyone else. This system remained in effect until 1965, although after World War II, several exceptions were made to the quota system to allow in groups of refugees. 29. The word "virtually" in line 21 is closest in meaning to (a) effectively (b) occasionally (c) thoroughly (d) undeservedly

(a) effectively

All the Jazz Jazz has been called "the art of expression set to music", and "America's great contribution to music". It has functioned as popular art and enjoyed periods of widespread public response, in the "jazz age" of the 1920s, in the "swing era" of the late 1930s and in the peak popularity of modern jazz in the late 1950s. The standard legend about Jazz is that it originated around the end of the 19th century in New Orleans and moved up the Mississippi River to Memphis, St. Louis, and finally to Chicago. It welded together the elements of Ragtime, marching band music, and the Blues. However, the influences of what led to those early sounds goes back to tribal African drum beats and European musical structures. Buddy Bolden, a New Orleans barber and cornet player, is generally considered to have been the first real Jazz musician, around 1891. What made Jazz significantly different from the other earlier forms of music was the use of improvisation. Jazz displayed a break from traditional music where a composer wrote an entire piece of music on paper, leaving the musicians to break their backs playing exactly what was written on the score. In a Jazz piece, however, the song is simply a starting point, or sort of skeletal guide for the Jazz musicians to improvise around. Many of the early Jazz musicians were bad sight readers and some couldn't even read music at all. These early musicians couldn't make money very much and were stuck working menial jobs to make a living. The second wave of New Orleans Jazz musicians included such memorable players as Joe Oliver, Kid Ory, and Jelly Roll Morton. These men formed small bands and took the music of earlier musicians, improved its complexity, and gained greater success. This music is known as "hot Jazz" due to the enormously fast speeds and rhythmic drive. A young cornet player by the name of Louis Armstrong was discovered by Joe Oliver in New Orleans. He soon grew up to become one of the greatest and most successful musicians of all time, and later one of the biggest stars in the world. The impact of Armstrong and other talented early Jazz musicians changed the way we look at music. 5. The word "skeletal" in line 15 is closest in meaning to (a) framework (b) musical (c) basic (d) essential

(a) framework

Considered the most influential architect of his time, Frank Lloyd Wright (1867-1959) was born in the small rural community of Richland Center, Wisconsin. He entered the University of Wisconsin at the age of 15 as a special student, studying engineering because the school had no course in architecture. At the age of 20 he then went to work as a draughtsman in Chicago in order to learn the traditional, classical language of architecture. After marrying into a wealthy business family at the age of 21, Wright set up house in an exclusive neighborhood in Chicago, and after a few years of working for a few architectural firms, set up his own architectural office. For twenty years he brought up a family of six children upstairs and ran a thriving architectural practice of twelve or so draughts men downstairs. Here, in an idyllic American suburb, with giant oaks, sprawling lawns, and no fences, Wright built some sixty rambling homes by the year 1900. He became the leader of a style known as the "Prairie" school - houses with low-pitched roofs and extended lines that blended into the landscape and typified his style of "organic architecture". By the age of forty-one, in 1908, Wright had achieved extraordinary social and professional success. He gave countless lectures at major universities and started his Taliesin Fellowship - a visionary social workshop. In 1938 he appeared on the cover of Time magazine, and later, on a two-cent stamp. The most spectacular buildings of his mature period were based on forms borrowed from nature, and the intentions were clearly romantic, poetic, and intensely personal. Examples of these buildings are Tokyo's Imperial Hotel (1915-22: demolished 1968), and New York City's Guggenheim Museum (completed 1959). He continued working until his death in 1959, at the age of 92, although in his later years, he spent as much time giving interviews and being a celebrity, as he did in designing buildings. Wright can be considered an essentially idiosyncratic architect whose influence was immense but whose pupils were few. 40. All the following about Frank Lloyd Wright are true EXCEPT (a) he became the leader of a style known as "organic architecture" (b) he died at the age of 92 (c) he commenced university studies at the age of 15 (d) some of his most spectacular buildings were not in America

(a) he became the leader of a style known as "organic architecture"

Food and drink are necessary and desirable, but their abuse can cause serious physical and metal problem. Many physicians believe that overeating is one of the country's main health problems, since it places a great strain on the heart, can lead to diabetes, and often shortens the individual's life span. To fill an emotional void. People often turn to food when they are bored or lonely. Another area of concern is alcohol consumption. The results of alcohol abuse are widely publicized. The social drinker who becomes alcoholic, the drunken driver's contribution to highway death, spousal and child abuse, are all concomitant problems associated with alcohol abuse. 5. The author seems?

*Favor moderation

*Florence Nightingale*** 3. What she founded when she visited the hospital

*Filter, dirty bedroom

The healing power of maggots is not new. Human beings have discovered it several times. The Maya are said to have used maggots for therapeutic purposes a thousand years ago. As early as the sixteenth century, European doctors noticed that soldiers with maggot-infested wounds healed well. More recently, doctors have realized that maggots can be cheaper and more effective than drugs in some respects, and these squirming larvae have, at times, enjoyed a quiet medical renaissance. The problem may have more to do with the weak stomachs of those using them than with good science. The modern heyday of maggot therapy began during World War I, when an American doctor named William Baer was shocked to notice that two soldiers who had lain on a battlefield for a week while their abdominal wounds became infested with thousands of maggots, had recovered better than wounded men treated in the military hospital. After the war, Baer proved to the medical establishment that maggots could cure some of the toughest infections. In the 1930s hundreds of hospitals used maggot therapy. Maggot therapy requires the right kind of larvae. Only the maggots of blowflies (a family that includes common bluebottles and greenbottles) will do the job; they devour dead tissue, whether in an open wound or in a corpse. Some other maggots, on the other hand, such as those of the screw-worm eat live tissue. They must be avoided. When blowfly eggs hatch in a patient's wound, the maggots eat the dead flesh where gangrene-causing bacteria thrive. They also excrete compounds that are lethal to bacteria they don't happen to swallow. Meanwhile, they ignore live flesh, and in fact, give it a gentle growth-stimulating massage simply by crawling over it. When they metamorphose into flies, they leave without a trace - although in the process, they might upset the hospital staff as they squirm around in a live patient. When sulfa drugs, the first antibiotics, emerged around the time of World War II, maggot therapy quickly faded into obscurity. 49. All the following are true EXCEPT (a) maggots come from eggs (b) maggots eat bacteria (c) maggots are larvae (d) William Bayer discovered a new type of maggot

(a) maggots come from eggs

People of Hispanic origin were on the North American continent centuries before settlers arrived from Europe in the early 1600s and the thirteen colonies joined together to form the United States in the late 1700s. The first census of the new nation was conducted in 1790, and counted about four million people, most of whom were white. Of the white citizens, more than 80% traced their ancestry back to England. There were close to 700,000 slaves and about 60,000 "free Negroes". Only a few Native American Indians who paid taxes were included in the census count, but the total Native American population was probably about one million. By 1815, the population of the United States was 8.4 million. Over the next 100 years, the country took in about 35 million immigrants, with the greatest numbers coming in the late 1800s and early 1900s. In 1882, 40,000 Chinese arrived, and between 1900 and 1907, there were more than 30,000 Japanese immigrants. But by far, the largest numbers of the new immigrants were from central, eastern, and southern Europe. An enormous amount of racial and ethnic assimilation has taken place in the United States. In 1908, play-write Israel Zangwill first used the term "melting pot" to describe the concept of a place where many races melted in a crucible and re-formed to populate a new land. Some years during the first two decades of the 20th century, there were as many as one million new immigrants per year, an astonishing 1 percent of the total population of the United States. In 1921, however, the country began to limit immigration, and the Immigration Act of 1924 virtually closed the door. The total number of immigrants admitted per year dropped from as many as a million to only 150,000. A quota system was established that specified the number of immigrants that could come from each country. It heavily favored immigrants from northern and western Europe and severely limited everyone else. This system remained in effect until 1965, although after World War II, several exceptions were made to the quota system to allow in groups of refugees. 24. The word "ancestry" in line 5 is closest in meaning to (a) origins (b) inheritance (c) color (d) freedom

(a) origins

People of Hispanic origin were on the North American continent centuries before settlers arrived from Europe in the early 1600s and the thirteen colonies joined together to form the United States in the late 1700s. The first census of the new nation was conducted in 1790, and counted about four million people, most of whom were white. Of the white citizens, more than 80% traced their ancestry back to England. There were close to 700,000 slaves and about 60,000 "free Negroes". Only a few Native American Indians who paid taxes were included in the census count, but the total Native American population was probably about one million. By 1815, the population of the United States was 8.4 million. Over the next 100 years, the country took in about 35 million immigrants, with the greatest numbers coming in the late 1800s and early 1900s. In 1882, 40,000 Chinese arrived, and between 1900 and 1907, there were more than 30,000 Japanese immigrants. But by far, the largest numbers of the new immigrants were from central, eastern, and southern Europe. An enormous amount of racial and ethnic assimilation has taken place in the United States. In 1908, play-write Israel Zangwill first used the term "melting pot" to describe the concept of a place where many races melted in a crucible and re-formed to populate a new land. Some years during the first two decades of the 20th century, there were as many as one million new immigrants per year, an astonishing 1 percent of the total population of the United States. In 1921, however, the country began to limit immigration, and the Immigration Act of 1924 virtually closed the door. The total number of immigrants admitted per year dropped from as many as a million to only 150,000. A quota system was established that specified the number of immigrants that could come from each country. It heavily favored immigrants from northern and western Europe and severely limited everyone else. This system remained in effect until 1965, although after World War II, several exceptions were made to the quota system to allow in groups of refugees. 31. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage (a) preserving a developing "American" culture was a major factor leading to the introduction of the quota system (b) racial and ethnic assimilation did not occur as planned (c) racial and ethnic tensions would have increased if the quota system had not been introduced (d) the quota system was introduced to limit population growth

(a) preserving a developing "American" culture was a major factor leading to the introduction of the quota system

The healing power of maggots is not new. Human beings have discovered it several times. The Maya are said to have used maggots for therapeutic purposes a thousand years ago. As early as the sixteenth century, European doctors noticed that soldiers with maggot-infested wounds healed well. More recently, doctors have realized that maggots can be cheaper and more effective than drugs in some respects, and these squirming larvae have, at times, enjoyed a quiet medical renaissance. The problem may have more to do with the weak stomachs of those using them than with good science. The modern heyday of maggot therapy began during World War I, when an American doctor named William Baer was shocked to notice that two soldiers who had lain on a battlefield for a week while their abdominal wounds became infested with thousands of maggots, had recovered better than wounded men treated in the military hospital. After the war, Baer proved to the medical establishment that maggots could cure some of the toughest infections. In the 1930s hundreds of hospitals used maggot therapy. Maggot therapy requires the right kind of larvae. Only the maggots of blowflies (a family that includes common bluebottles and greenbottles) will do the job; they devour dead tissue, whether in an open wound or in a corpse. Some other maggots, on the other hand, such as those of the screw-worm eat live tissue. They must be avoided. When blowfly eggs hatch in a patient's wound, the maggots eat the dead flesh where gangrene-causing bacteria thrive. They also excrete compounds that are lethal to bacteria they don't happen to swallow. Meanwhile, they ignore live flesh, and in fact, give it a gentle growth-stimulating massage simply by crawling over it. When they metamorphose into flies, they leave without a trace - although in the process, they might upset the hospital staff as they squirm around in a live patient. When sulfa drugs, the first antibiotics, emerged around the time of World War II, maggot therapy quickly faded into obscurity. 42. The word "renaissance" in line 6 is closest in meaning to (a) revival (b) resistance (c) support (d) condemnation

(a) revival

Moon The Moon has been worshipped by primitive peoples and has inspired humans to create everything from lunar calendars to love sonnets, but what do we really know about it? The most accepted theory about the origin of the Moon is that it was formed of the debris from a massive collision with the young Earth about 4.6 billion years ago. A huge body, perhaps the size of Mars, struck the Earth, throwing out an immense amount of debris that coalesced and cooled in orbit around the Earth. The development of Earth is inextricably linked to the moon; the Moon's gravitational influence upon the Earth is the primary cause of ocean tides. In fact, the Moon has more than twice the effect upon the tides than does the Sun. The Moon makes one rotation and completes a revolution around the Earth every 27 days, 7 hours, and 43 minutes. This synchronous rotation is caused by an uneven distribution of mass in the Moon (essentially, it is heavier on one side than the other) and has allowed the Earth's gravity to keep one side of the Moon permanently facing Earth. It is an average distance from Earth of 384,403 km. The Moon has no atmosphere; without an atmosphere, the Moon has nothing to protect it from meteorite impacts, and thus the surface of the Moon is covered with impact craters, both large and small. The Moon also has no active tectonic or volcanic activity, so the erosive effects of atmospheric weathering, tectonic shifts, and volcanic upheavals that tend to erase and reform the Earth's surface features are not at work on the Moon. In fact, even tiny surface features such as the footprint left by an astronaut in the lunar soil are likely to last for millions of years, unless obliterated by a chance meteorite strike. The surface gravity of the Moon is about one-sixth that of the Earth's. Therefore, a man weighing 82 kilograms on Earth would only weigh 14 kilograms on the Moon. The geographical features of the Earth most like that of the Moon are, in fact, places such as the Hawaiian volcanic craters and the huge meteor crater in Arizona. The climate of the Moon is very unlike either Hawaii or Arizona, however; in fact, the temperature on the Moon ranges between 123 degrees C. to -233 degrees C. 14. The word "debris" in line 5 is closest in meaning to (a) rubbish (b) satellites (c) moons (d) earth

(a) rubbish

*Violence 2. The author seems to support?

*Further research into the effects of television violence

*Homonyms*** 1. Which statement is a fact rather than an opinion?

*Homonyms make learning English more challenging

*Factory 2. What is the best definition to the word "execution" as it is used in the last sentence of this paragraph?

*Implementation or Design

*Homonyms*** 3. What conclusion can be drawn from the article?

*In order to master English, the student must learn the Homonyms

*Facts About the One Dollar Bill 3. What is implied by the message, The One Dollar Bill?

*Is a fabulously historical document

*Florence Nightingale*** 1. What is pivotal?

*Nursing

Moon The Moon has been worshipped by primitive peoples and has inspired humans to create everything from lunar calendars to love sonnets, but what do we really know about it? The most accepted theory about the origin of the Moon is that it was formed of the debris from a massive collision with the young Earth about 4.6 billion years ago. A huge body, perhaps the size of Mars, struck the Earth, throwing out an immense amount of debris that coalesced and cooled in orbit around the Earth. The development of Earth is inextricably linked to the moon; the Moon's gravitational influence upon the Earth is the primary cause of ocean tides. In fact, the Moon has more than twice the effect upon the tides than does the Sun. The Moon makes one rotation and completes a revolution around the Earth every 27 days, 7 hours, and 43 minutes. This synchronous rotation is caused by an uneven distribution of mass in the Moon (essentially, it is heavier on one side than the other) and has allowed the Earth's gravity to keep one side of the Moon permanently facing Earth. It is an average distance from Earth of 384,403 km. The Moon has no atmosphere; without an atmosphere, the Moon has nothing to protect it from meteorite impacts, and thus the surface of the Moon is covered with impact craters, both large and small. The Moon also has no active tectonic or volcanic activity, so the erosive effects of atmospheric weathering, tectonic shifts, and volcanic upheavals that tend to erase and reform the Earth's surface features are not at work on the Moon. In fact, even tiny surface features such as the footprint left by an astronaut in the lunar soil are likely to last for millions of years, unless obliterated by a chance meteorite strike. The surface gravity of the Moon is about one-sixth that of the Earth's. Therefore, a man weighing 82 kilograms on Earth would only weigh 14 kilograms on the Moon. The geographical features of the Earth most like that of the Moon are, in fact, places such as the Hawaiian volcanic craters and the huge meteor crater in Arizona. The climate of the Moon is very unlike either Hawaii or Arizona, however; in fact, the temperature on the Moon ranges between 123 degrees C. to -233 degrees C. 21. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? (a) the Moon is not able to support human life (b) if the Moon had no gravitational influence, the Earth would not have tides (c) people living in Hawaii and Arizona would feel at home on the Moon (d) Mars could have been formed in a similar way to the Moon

(a) the Moon is not able to support human life

Moon The Moon has been worshipped by primitive peoples and has inspired humans to create everything from lunar calendars to love sonnets, but what do we really know about it? The most accepted theory about the origin of the Moon is that it was formed of the debris from a massive collision with the young Earth about 4.6 billion years ago. A huge body, perhaps the size of Mars, struck the Earth, throwing out an immense amount of debris that coalesced and cooled in orbit around the Earth. The development of Earth is inextricably linked to the moon; the Moon's gravitational influence upon the Earth is the primary cause of ocean tides. In fact, the Moon has more than twice the effect upon the tides than does the Sun. The Moon makes one rotation and completes a revolution around the Earth every 27 days, 7 hours, and 43 minutes. This synchronous rotation is caused by an uneven distribution of mass in the Moon (essentially, it is heavier on one side than the other) and has allowed the Earth's gravity to keep one side of the Moon permanently facing Earth. It is an average distance from Earth of 384,403 km. The Moon has no atmosphere; without an atmosphere, the Moon has nothing to protect it from meteorite impacts, and thus the surface of the Moon is covered with impact craters, both large and small. The Moon also has no active tectonic or volcanic activity, so the erosive effects of atmospheric weathering, tectonic shifts, and volcanic upheavals that tend to erase and reform the Earth's surface features are not at work on the Moon. In fact, even tiny surface features such as the footprint left by an astronaut in the lunar soil are likely to last for millions of years, unless obliterated by a chance meteorite strike. The surface gravity of the Moon is about one-sixth that of the Earth's. Therefore, a man weighing 82 kilograms on Earth would only weigh 14 kilograms on the Moon. The geographical features of the Earth most like that of the Moon are, in fact, places such as the Hawaiian volcanic craters and the huge meteor crater in Arizona. The climate of the Moon is very unlike either Hawaii or Arizona, however; in fact, the temperature on the Moon ranges between 123 degrees C. to -233 degrees C. 17. Why does the author mention "impact craters" in line 16? (a) to show the result of the Moon not having an atmosphere (b) to show the result of the Moon not having active tectonic or volcanic activity (c) to explain why the Moon has no plant life because of meteorites (d) to explain the corrosive effects of atmospheric weathering

(a) to show the result of the Moon not having an atmosphere

Considered the most influential architect of his time, Frank Lloyd Wright (1867-1959) was born in the small rural community of Richland Center, Wisconsin. He entered the University of Wisconsin at the age of 15 as a special student, studying engineering because the school had no course in architecture. At the age of 20 he then went to work as a draughtsman in Chicago in order to learn the traditional, classical language of architecture. After marrying into a wealthy business family at the age of 21, Wright set up house in an exclusive neighborhood in Chicago, and after a few years of working for a few architectural firms, set up his own architectural office. For twenty years he brought up a family of six children upstairs and ran a thriving architectural practice of twelve or so draughts men downstairs. Here, in an idyllic American suburb, with giant oaks, sprawling lawns, and no fences, Wright built some sixty rambling homes by the year 1900. He became the leader of a style known as the "Prairie" school - houses with low-pitched roofs and extended lines that blended into the landscape and typified his style of "organic architecture". By the age of forty-one, in 1908, Wright had achieved extraordinary social and professional success. He gave countless lectures at major universities and started his Taliesin Fellowship - a visionary social workshop. In 1938 he appeared on the cover of Time magazine, and later, on a two-cent stamp. The most spectacular buildings of his mature period were based on forms borrowed from nature, and the intentions were clearly romantic, poetic, and intensely personal. Examples of these buildings are Tokyo's Imperial Hotel (1915-22: demolished 1968), and New York City's Guggenheim Museum (completed 1959). He continued working until his death in 1959, at the age of 92, although in his later years, he spent as much time giving interviews and being a celebrity, as he did in designing buildings. Wright can be considered an essentially idiosyncratic architect whose influence was immense but whose pupils were few. 37. The word "itself" in line 17 refers to (a) social workshop (b) Taliesin Fellowship (c) He (d) Major universities

(b) Taliesin Fellowship

All the Jazz Jazz has been called "the art of expression set to music", and "America's great contribution to music". It has functioned as popular art and enjoyed periods of widespread public response, in the "jazz age" of the 1920s, in the "swing era" of the late 1930s and in the peak popularity of modern jazz in the late 1950s. The standard legend about Jazz is that it originated around the end of the 19th century in New Orleans and moved up the Mississippi River to Memphis, St. Louis, and finally to Chicago. It welded together the elements of Ragtime, marching band music, and the Blues. However, the influences of what led to those early sounds goes back to tribal African drum beats and European musical structures. Buddy Bolden, a New Orleans barber and cornet player, is generally considered to have been the first real Jazz musician, around 1891. What made Jazz significantly different from the other earlier forms of music was the use of improvisation. Jazz displayed a break from traditional music where a composer wrote an entire piece of music on paper, leaving the musicians to break their backs playing exactly what was written on the score. In a Jazz piece, however, the song is simply a starting point, or sort of skeletal guide for the Jazz musicians to improvise around. Many of the early Jazz musicians were bad sight readers and some couldn't even read music at all. These early musicians couldn't make money very much and were stuck working menial jobs to make a living. The second wave of New Orleans Jazz musicians included such memorable players as Joe Oliver, Kid Ory, and Jelly Roll Morton. These men formed small bands and took the music of earlier musicians, improved its complexity, and gained greater success. This music is known as "hot Jazz" due to the enormously fast speeds and rhythmic drive. A young cornet player by the name of Louis Armstrong was discovered by Joe Oliver in New Orleans. He soon grew up to become one of the greatest and most successful musicians of all time, and later one of the biggest stars in the world. The impact of Armstrong and other talented early Jazz musicians changed the way we look at music. 1. The Passage answers which of the following questions? (a) Why did Ragtime, marching band music, and the Blues lose popularity after about 1900? (b) What were the origins of Jazz and how did it differ from other forms of music? (c) What has been the greatest contribution of cornet players to music in the twentieth century? (d) Which early Jazz musicians most influenced the development of Blues music?

(b) What were the origins of Jazz and how did it differ from other forms of music?

People of Hispanic origin were on the North American continent centuries before settlers arrived from Europe in the early 1600s and the thirteen colonies joined together to form the United States in the late 1700s. The first census of the new nation was conducted in 1790, and counted about four million people, most of whom were white. Of the white citizens, more than 80% traced their ancestry back to England. There were close to 700,000 slaves and about 60,000 "free Negroes". Only a few Native American Indians who paid taxes were included in the census count, but the total Native American population was probably about one million. By 1815, the population of the United States was 8.4 million. Over the next 100 years, the country took in about 35 million immigrants, with the greatest numbers coming in the late 1800s and early 1900s. In 1882, 40,000 Chinese arrived, and between 1900 and 1907, there were more than 30,000 Japanese immigrants. But by far, the largest numbers of the new immigrants were from central, eastern, and southern Europe. An enormous amount of racial and ethnic assimilation has taken place in the United States. In 1908, play-write Israel Zangwill first used the term "melting pot" to describe the concept of a place where many races melted in a crucible and re-formed to populate a new land. Some years during the first two decades of the 20th century, there were as many as one million new immigrants per year, an astonishing 1 percent of the total population of the United States. In 1921, however, the country began to limit immigration, and the Immigration Act of 1924 virtually closed the door. The total number of immigrants admitted per year dropped from as many as a million to only 150,000. A quota system was established that specified the number of immigrants that could come from each country. It heavily favored immigrants from northern and western Europe and severely limited everyone else. This system remained in effect until 1965, although after World War II, several exceptions were made to the quota system to allow in groups of refugees. 26. Which of the following is true, according to the passage? (a) a quota system was in place from 1908 (b) a peak period of immigration was in the late 1800s and early 1900s (c) slaves were not counted in the first census (d) only those who paid taxes were included in the first census

(b) a peak period of immigration was in the late 1800s and early 1900s

*Florence Nightingale*** 6. She was once a pivotal person in the area?

*Patient's Right

*Factory 4. The author's reason for writing this composition seems to have been to?

*Persuade people to modernize factory design

*Getting A Goodnight Sleep*** 1. What is stated in the passage?

*Physical Illness can cause Insomnia

*Violence 4. The paragraph described television executive as?

*Responsive to public demands

People of Hispanic origin were on the North American continent centuries before settlers arrived from Europe in the early 1600s and the thirteen colonies joined together to form the United States in the late 1700s. The first census of the new nation was conducted in 1790, and counted about four million people, most of whom were white. Of the white citizens, more than 80% traced their ancestry back to England. There were close to 700,000 slaves and about 60,000 "free Negroes". Only a few Native American Indians who paid taxes were included in the census count, but the total Native American population was probably about one million. By 1815, the population of the United States was 8.4 million. Over the next 100 years, the country took in about 35 million immigrants, with the greatest numbers coming in the late 1800s and early 1900s. In 1882, 40,000 Chinese arrived, and between 1900 and 1907, there were more than 30,000 Japanese immigrants. But by far, the largest numbers of the new immigrants were from central, eastern, and southern Europe. An enormous amount of racial and ethnic assimilation has taken place in the United States. In 1908, play-write Israel Zangwill first used the term "melting pot" to describe the concept of a place where many races melted in a crucible and re-formed to populate a new land. Some years during the first two decades of the 20th century, there were as many as one million new immigrants per year, an astonishing 1 percent of the total population of the United States. In 1921, however, the country began to limit immigration, and the Immigration Act of 1924 virtually closed the door. The total number of immigrants admitted per year dropped from as many as a million to only 150,000. A quota system was established that specified the number of immigrants that could come from each country. It heavily favored immigrants from northern and western Europe and severely limited everyone else. This system remained in effect until 1965, although after World War II, several exceptions were made to the quota system to allow in groups of refugees. 27. The number of immigrants taken in over the 100 years to 1915 was (a) probably about 1 million (b) about 35 million (c) 8.4 million (d) about 4 million

(b) about 35 million

All the Jazz Jazz has been called "the art of expression set to music", and "America's great contribution to music". It has functioned as popular art and enjoyed periods of widespread public response, in the "jazz age" of the 1920s, in the "swing era" of the late 1930s and in the peak popularity of modern jazz in the late 1950s. The standard legend about Jazz is that it originated around the end of the 19th century in New Orleans and moved up the Mississippi River to Memphis, St. Louis, and finally to Chicago. It welded together the elements of Ragtime, marching band music, and the Blues. However, the influences of what led to those early sounds goes back to tribal African drum beats and European musical structures. Buddy Bolden, a New Orleans barber and cornet player, is generally considered to have been the first real Jazz musician, around 1891. What made Jazz significantly different from the other earlier forms of music was the use of improvisation. Jazz displayed a break from traditional music where a composer wrote an entire piece of music on paper, leaving the musicians to break their backs playing exactly what was written on the score. In a Jazz piece, however, the song is simply a starting point, or sort of skeletal guide for the Jazz musicians to improvise around. Many of the early Jazz musicians were bad sight readers and some couldn't even read music at all. These early musicians couldn't make money very much and were stuck working menial jobs to make a living. The second wave of New Orleans Jazz musicians included such memorable players as Joe Oliver, Kid Ory, and Jelly Roll Morton. These men formed small bands and took the music of earlier musicians, improved its complexity, and gained greater success. This music is known as "hot Jazz" due to the enormously fast speeds and rhythmic drive. A young cornet player by the name of Louis Armstrong was discovered by Joe Oliver in New Orleans. He soon grew up to become one of the greatest and most successful musicians of all time, and later one of the biggest stars in the world. The impact of Armstrong and other talented early Jazz musicians changed the way we look at music. 3. The word "welded" in line 6 is closest in meaning to (a) squeezed (b) bound (c) added (d) stirred

(b) bound

People of Hispanic origin were on the North American continent centuries before settlers arrived from Europe in the early 1600s and the thirteen colonies joined together to form the United States in the late 1700s. The first census of the new nation was conducted in 1790, and counted about four million people, most of whom were white. Of the white citizens, more than 80% traced their ancestry back to England. There were close to 700,000 slaves and about 60,000 "free Negroes". Only a few Native American Indians who paid taxes were included in the census count, but the total Native American population was probably about one million. By 1815, the population of the United States was 8.4 million. Over the next 100 years, the country took in about 35 million immigrants, with the greatest numbers coming in the late 1800s and early 1900s. In 1882, 40,000 Chinese arrived, and between 1900 and 1907, there were more than 30,000 Japanese immigrants. But by far, the largest numbers of the new immigrants were from central, eastern, and southern Europe. An enormous amount of racial and ethnic assimilation has taken place in the United States. In 1908, play-write Israel Zangwill first used the term "melting pot" to describe the concept of a place where many races melted in a crucible and re-formed to populate a new land. Some years during the first two decades of the 20th century, there were as many as one million new immigrants per year, an astonishing 1 percent of the total population of the United States. In 1921, however, the country began to limit immigration, and the Immigration Act of 1924 virtually closed the door. The total number of immigrants admitted per year dropped from as many as a million to only 150,000. A quota system was established that specified the number of immigrants that could come from each country. It heavily favored immigrants from northern and western Europe and severely limited everyone else. This system remained in effect until 1965, although after World War II, several exceptions were made to the quota system to allow in groups of refugees. 30. Which of the following is NOT true about immigrants (a) they were subjected to an official quota in the Immigration Act from 1924 (b) during the 1900s immigrants numbered 1 percent of the total population (c) settlers of Hispanic origin arrived centuries before those from Europe (d) numbers began to be limited from 1921

(b) during the 1900s immigrants numbered 1 percent of the total population

All the Jazz Jazz has been called "the art of expression set to music", and "America's great contribution to music". It has functioned as popular art and enjoyed periods of widespread public response, in the "jazz age" of the 1920s, in the "swing era" of the late 1930s and in the peak popularity of modern jazz in the late 1950s. The standard legend about Jazz is that it originated around the end of the 19th century in New Orleans and moved up the Mississippi River to Memphis, St. Louis, and finally to Chicago. It welded together the elements of Ragtime, marching band music, and the Blues. However, the influences of what led to those early sounds goes back to tribal African drum beats and European musical structures. Buddy Bolden, a New Orleans barber and cornet player, is generally considered to have been the first real Jazz musician, around 1891. What made Jazz significantly different from the other earlier forms of music was the use of improvisation. Jazz displayed a break from traditional music where a composer wrote an entire piece of music on paper, leaving the musicians to break their backs playing exactly what was written on the score. In a Jazz piece, however, the song is simply a starting point, or sort of skeletal guide for the Jazz musicians to improvise around. Many of the early Jazz musicians were bad sight readers and some couldn't even read music at all. These early musicians couldn't make money very much and were stuck working menial jobs to make a living. The second wave of New Orleans Jazz musicians included such memorable players as Joe Oliver, Kid Ory, and Jelly Roll Morton. These men formed small bands and took the music of earlier musicians, improved its complexity, and gained greater success. This music is known as "hot Jazz" due to the enormously fast speeds and rhythmic drive. A young cornet player by the name of Louis Armstrong was discovered by Joe Oliver in New Orleans. He soon grew up to become one of the greatest and most successful musicians of all time, and later one of the biggest stars in the world. The impact of Armstrong and other talented early Jazz musicians changed the way we look at music. 10. The word "its" in line 21 refers to (a) small bands (b) earlier music (c) men (d) earlier musicians

(b) earlier music

*Factory 3. The paragraphs suggest that the purpose of a factory layout is for?

*Safety and profit

*Facts About the One Dollar Bill 1. What did the author intend?

*Share some little-known facts about the one-dollar bill

Phobias 1. According to the passage, which of the following are types of phobias? (Put all that apply)

*Social phobias, panic disorder, anxiety phobia

Phobias 2. What does the author want the reader to know about phobia?

*That phobia is debilitating

*Facts About the One Dollar Bill 2. Why is making counterfeit copies of the one-dollar bill difficult?

*The formula for the ink used is kept a secret

*Getting A Goodnight Sleep*** 4. When the author wrote this passage, what does he/she intended?

*To explain the insomnia and purpose some solution for the condition

The healing power of maggots is not new. Human beings have discovered it several times. The Maya are said to have used maggots for therapeutic purposes a thousand years ago. As early as the sixteenth century, European doctors noticed that soldiers with maggot-infested wounds healed well. More recently, doctors have realized that maggots can be cheaper and more effective than drugs in some respects, and these squirming larvae have, at times, enjoyed a quiet medical renaissance. The problem may have more to do with the weak stomachs of those using them than with good science. The modern heyday of maggot therapy began during World War I, when an American doctor named William Baer was shocked to notice that two soldiers who had lain on a battlefield for a week while their abdominal wounds became infested with thousands of maggots, had recovered better than wounded men treated in the military hospital. After the war, Baer proved to the medical establishment that maggots could cure some of the toughest infections. In the 1930s hundreds of hospitals used maggot therapy. Maggot therapy requires the right kind of larvae. Only the maggots of blowflies (a family that includes common bluebottles and greenbottles) will do the job; they devour dead tissue, whether in an open wound or in a corpse. Some other maggots, on the other hand, such as those of the screw-worm eat live tissue. They must be avoided. When blowfly eggs hatch in a patient's wound, the maggots eat the dead flesh where gangrene-causing bacteria thrive. They also excrete compounds that are lethal to bacteria they don't happen to swallow. Meanwhile, they ignore live flesh, and in fact, give it a gentle growth-stimulating massage simply by crawling over it. When they metamorphose into flies, they leave without a trace - although in the process, they might upset the hospital staff as they squirm around in a live patient. When sulfa drugs, the first antibiotics, emerged around the time of World War II, maggot therapy quickly faded into obscurity. 50. What can be inferred from the passage about maggots? (a) modern science might be able to develop new drugs from maggots that would fight infection (b) maggot therapy would have been more popular if antibiotics had not been discovered (c) William Baer later changed his mind about the value of using maggot therapy (d) sulfa drugs were dev

(b) maggot therapy would have been more popular if antibiotics had not been discovered

The healing power of maggots is not new. Human beings have discovered it several times. The Maya are said to have used maggots for therapeutic purposes a thousand years ago. As early as the sixteenth century, European doctors noticed that soldiers with maggot-infested wounds healed well. More recently, doctors have realized that maggots can be cheaper and more effective than drugs in some respects, and these squirming larvae have, at times, enjoyed a quiet medical renaissance. The problem may have more to do with the weak stomachs of those using them than with good science. The modern heyday of maggot therapy began during World War I, when an American doctor named William Baer was shocked to notice that two soldiers who had lain on a battlefield for a week while their abdominal wounds became infested with thousands of maggots, had recovered better than wounded men treated in the military hospital. After the war, Baer proved to the medical establishment that maggots could cure some of the toughest infections. In the 1930s hundreds of hospitals used maggot therapy. Maggot therapy requires the right kind of larvae. Only the maggots of blowflies (a family that includes common bluebottles and greenbottles) will do the job; they devour dead tissue, whether in an open wound or in a corpse. Some other maggots, on the other hand, such as those of the screw-worm eat live tissue. They must be avoided. When blowfly eggs hatch in a patient's wound, the maggots eat the dead flesh where gangrene-causing bacteria thrive. They also excrete compounds that are lethal to bacteria they don't happen to swallow. Meanwhile, they ignore live flesh, and in fact, give it a gentle growth-stimulating massage simply by crawling over it. When they metamorphose into flies, they leave without a trace - although in the process, they might upset the hospital staff as they squirm around in a live patient. When sulfa drugs, the first antibiotics, emerged around the time of World War II, maggot therapy quickly faded into obscurity. 48. The word "they" in line 23 refers to (a) flies (b) maggots (c) gangrene-causing bacteria (d) live patients

(b) maggots

Considered the most influential architect of his time, Frank Lloyd Wright (1867-1959) was born in the small rural community of Richland Center, Wisconsin. He entered the University of Wisconsin at the age of 15 as a special student, studying engineering because the school had no course in architecture. At the age of 20 he then went to work as a draughtsman in Chicago in order to learn the traditional, classical language of architecture. After marrying into a wealthy business family at the age of 21, Wright set up house in an exclusive neighborhood in Chicago, and after a few years of working for a few architectural firms, set up his own architectural office. For twenty years he brought up a family of six children upstairs and ran a thriving architectural practice of twelve or so draughts men downstairs. Here, in an idyllic American suburb, with giant oaks, sprawling lawns, and no fences, Wright built some sixty rambling homes by the year 1900. He became the leader of a style known as the "Prairie" school - houses with low-pitched roofs and extended lines that blended into the landscape and typified his style of "organic architecture". By the age of forty-one, in 1908, Wright had achieved extraordinary social and professional success. He gave countless lectures at major universities and started his Taliesin Fellowship - a visionary social workshop. In 1938 he appeared on the cover of Time magazine, and later, on a two-cent stamp. The most spectacular buildings of his mature period were based on forms borrowed from nature, and the intentions were clearly romantic, poetic, and intensely personal. Examples of these buildings are Tokyo's Imperial Hotel (1915-22: demolished 1968), and New York City's Guggenheim Museum (completed 1959). He continued working until his death in 1959, at the age of 92, although in his later years, he spent as much time giving interviews and being a celebrity, as he did in designing buildings. Wright can be considered an essentially idiosyncratic architect whose influence was immense but whose pupils were few. 39. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? (a) the Taliesin Fellowship was a grant of money (b) many of Wright's architectural ideas have not been taken up by others (c) Wright used his wife's money to set up his own architectural office in an exclusive neighborhood in Chicago (d) Some of Wright's most notable buildings have been demolished because they were not popular

(b) many of Wright's architectural ideas have not been taken up by others

Moon The Moon has been worshipped by primitive peoples and has inspired humans to create everything from lunar calendars to love sonnets, but what do we really know about it? The most accepted theory about the origin of the Moon is that it was formed of the debris from a massive collision with the young Earth about 4.6 billion years ago. A huge body, perhaps the size of Mars, struck the Earth, throwing out an immense amount of debris that coalesced and cooled in orbit around the Earth. The development of Earth is inextricably linked to the moon; the Moon's gravitational influence upon the Earth is the primary cause of ocean tides. In fact, the Moon has more than twice the effect upon the tides than does the Sun. The Moon makes one rotation and completes a revolution around the Earth every 27 days, 7 hours, and 43 minutes. This synchronous rotation is caused by an uneven distribution of mass in the Moon (essentially, it is heavier on one side than the other) and has allowed the Earth's gravity to keep one side of the Moon permanently facing Earth. It is an average distance from Earth of 384,403 km. The Moon has no atmosphere; without an atmosphere, the Moon has nothing to protect it from meteorite impacts, and thus the surface of the Moon is covered with impact craters, both large and small. The Moon also has no active tectonic or volcanic activity, so the erosive effects of atmospheric weathering, tectonic shifts, and volcanic upheavals that tend to erase and reform the Earth's surface features are not at work on the Moon. In fact, even tiny surface features such as the footprint left by an astronaut in the lunar soil are likely to last for millions of years, unless obliterated by a chance meteorite strike. The surface gravity of the Moon is about one-sixth that of the Earth's. Therefore, a man weighing 82 kilograms on Earth would only weigh 14 kilograms on the Moon. The geographical features of the Earth most like that of the Moon are, in fact, places such as the Hawaiian volcanic craters and the huge meteor crater in Arizona. The climate of the Moon is very unlike either Hawaii or Arizona, however; in fact, the temperature on the Moon ranges between 123 degrees C. to -233 degrees C. 19. A person on the Moon would weigh less than on the Earth because (a) of the composition of lunar soil (b) the surface gravity of the Moon is less (c) the Moon has no atmosphere (d) the Moon has no active tectonic or volcanic activity

(b) the surface gravity of the Moon is less

*Violence 3. The theme of this article seems to be?

*To inform people about the debate over the television violence

Considered the most influential architect of his time, Frank Lloyd Wright (1867-1959) was born in the small rural community of Richland Center, Wisconsin. He entered the University of Wisconsin at the age of 15 as a special student, studying engineering because the school had no course in architecture. At the age of 20 he then went to work as a draughtsman in Chicago in order to learn the traditional, classical language of architecture. After marrying into a wealthy business family at the age of 21, Wright set up house in an exclusive neighborhood in Chicago, and after a few years of working for a few architectural firms, set up his own architectural office. For twenty years he brought up a family of six children upstairs and ran a thriving architectural practice of twelve or so draughts men downstairs. Here, in an idyllic American suburb, with giant oaks, sprawling lawns, and no fences, Wright built some sixty rambling homes by the year 1900. He became the leader of a style known as the "Prairie" school - houses with low-pitched roofs and extended lines that blended into the landscape and typified his style of "organic architecture". By the age of forty-one, in 1908, Wright had achieved extraordinary social and professional success. He gave countless lectures at major universities and started his Taliesin Fellowship - a visionary social workshop. In 1938 he appeared on the cover of Time magazine, and later, on a two-cent stamp. The most spectacular buildings of his mature period were based on forms borrowed from nature, and the intentions were clearly romantic, poetic, and intensely personal. Examples of these buildings are Tokyo's Imperial Hotel (1915-22: demolished 1968), and New York City's Guggenheim Museum (completed 1959). He continued working until his death in 1959, at the age of 92, although in his later years, he spent as much time giving interviews and being a celebrity, as he did in designing buildings. Wright can be considered an essentially idiosyncratic architect whose influence was immense but whose pupils were few. 33. Frank Lloyd Wright first worked as a draughtsman because (a) for twenty years he lived above his shop and employed draughts men (b) to learn the language of architecture (c) that is what he studied at the University of Wisconsin (d) that is the work of new employees in architectural firms

(b) to learn the language of architecture

People of Hispanic origin were on the North American continent centuries before settlers arrived from Europe in the early 1600s and the thirteen colonies joined together to form the United States in the late 1700s. The first census of the new nation was conducted in 1790, and counted about four million people, most of whom were white. Of the white citizens, more than 80% traced their ancestry back to England. There were close to 700,000 slaves and about 60,000 "free Negroes". Only a few Native American Indians who paid taxes were included in the census count, but the total Native American population was probably about one million. By 1815, the population of the United States was 8.4 million. Over the next 100 years, the country took in about 35 million immigrants, with the greatest numbers coming in the late 1800s and early 1900s. In 1882, 40,000 Chinese arrived, and between 1900 and 1907, there were more than 30,000 Japanese immigrants. But by far, the largest numbers of the new immigrants were from central, eastern, and southern Europe. An enormous amount of racial and ethnic assimilation has taken place in the United States. In 1908, play-write Israel Zangwill first used the term "melting pot" to describe the concept of a place where many races melted in a crucible and re-formed to populate a new land. Some years during the first two decades of the 20th century, there were as many as one million new immigrants per year, an astonishing 1 percent of the total population of the United States. In 1921, however, the country began to limit immigration, and the Immigration Act of 1924 virtually closed the door. The total number of immigrants admitted per year dropped from as many as a million to only 150,000. A quota system was established that specified the number of immigrants that could come from each country. It heavily favored immigrants from northern and western Europe and severely limited everyone else. This system remained in effect until 1965, although after World War II, several exceptions were made to the quota system to allow in groups of refugees. 23. According to the passage, which ancestry predominated at the time of the first census? (a) Native Americans (b) Negroes (c) English (d) Hispanic

(c) English

The healing power of maggots is not new. Human beings have discovered it several times. The Maya are said to have used maggots for therapeutic purposes a thousand years ago. As early as the sixteenth century, European doctors noticed that soldiers with maggot-infested wounds healed well. More recently, doctors have realized that maggots can be cheaper and more effective than drugs in some respects, and these squirming larvae have, at times, enjoyed a quiet medical renaissance. The problem may have more to do with the weak stomachs of those using them than with good science. The modern heyday of maggot therapy began during World War I, when an American doctor named William Baer was shocked to notice that two soldiers who had lain on a battlefield for a week while their abdominal wounds became infested with thousands of maggots, had recovered better than wounded men treated in the military hospital. After the war, Baer proved to the medical establishment that maggots could cure some of the toughest infections. In the 1930s hundreds of hospitals used maggot therapy. Maggot therapy requires the right kind of larvae. Only the maggots of blowflies (a family that includes common bluebottles and greenbottles) will do the job; they devour dead tissue, whether in an open wound or in a corpse. Some other maggots, on the other hand, such as those of the screw-worm eat live tissue. They must be avoided. When blowfly eggs hatch in a patient's wound, the maggots eat the dead flesh where gangrene-causing bacteria thrive. They also excrete compounds that are lethal to bacteria they don't happen to swallow. Meanwhile, they ignore live flesh, and in fact, give it a gentle growth-stimulating massage simply by crawling over it. When they metamorphose into flies, they leave without a trace - although in the process, they might upset the hospital staff as they squirm around in a live patient. When sulfa drugs, the first antibiotics, emerged around the time of World War II, maggot therapy quickly faded into obscurity. 47. The word "metamorphose" in line 22 is closest in meaning to (a) disappear (b) grow (c) change (d) move

(c) change

All the Jazz Jazz has been called "the art of expression set to music", and "America's great contribution to music". It has functioned as popular art and enjoyed periods of widespread public response, in the "jazz age" of the 1920s, in the "swing era" of the late 1930s and in the peak popularity of modern jazz in the late 1950s. The standard legend about Jazz is that it originated around the end of the 19th century in New Orleans and moved up the Mississippi River to Memphis, St. Louis, and finally to Chicago. It welded together the elements of Ragtime, marching band music, and the Blues. However, the influences of what led to those early sounds goes back to tribal African drum beats and European musical structures. Buddy Bolden, a New Orleans barber and cornet player, is generally considered to have been the first real Jazz musician, around 1891. What made Jazz significantly different from the other earlier forms of music was the use of improvisation. Jazz displayed a break from traditional music where a composer wrote an entire piece of music on paper, leaving the musicians to break their backs playing exactly what was written on the score. In a Jazz piece, however, the song is simply a starting point, or sort of skeletal guide for the Jazz musicians to improvise around. Many of the early Jazz musicians were bad sight readers and some couldn't even read music at all. These early musicians couldn't make money very much and were stuck working menial jobs to make a living. The second wave of New Orleans Jazz musicians included such memorable players as Joe Oliver, Kid Ory, and Jelly Roll Morton. These men formed small bands and took the music of earlier musicians, improved its complexity, and gained greater success. This music is known as "hot Jazz" due to the enormously fast speeds and rhythmic drive. A young cornet player by the name of Louis Armstrong was discovered by Joe Oliver in New Orleans. He soon grew up to become one of the greatest and most successful musicians of all time, and later one of the biggest stars in the world. The impact of Armstrong and other talented early Jazz musicians changed the way we look at music. 7. The word "menial" in line 18 is closest in meaning to (a) men's (b) attractive (c) degrading (d) skilled

(c) degrading

Considered the most influential architect of his time, Frank Lloyd Wright (1867-1959) was born in the small rural community of Richland Center, Wisconsin. He entered the University of Wisconsin at the age of 15 as a special student, studying engineering because the school had no course in architecture. At the age of 20 he then went to work as a draughtsman in Chicago in order to learn the traditional, classical language of architecture. After marrying into a wealthy business family at the age of 21, Wright set up house in an exclusive neighborhood in Chicago, and after a few years of working for a few architectural firms, set up his own architectural office. For twenty years he brought up a family of six children upstairs and ran a thriving architectural practice of twelve or so draughts men downstairs. Here, in an idyllic American suburb, with giant oaks, sprawling lawns, and no fences, Wright built some sixty rambling homes by the year 1900. He became the leader of a style known as the "Prairie" school - houses with low-pitched roofs and extended lines that blended into the landscape and typified his style of "organic architecture". By the age of forty-one, in 1908, Wright had achieved extraordinary social and professional success. He gave countless lectures at major universities and started his Taliesin Fellowship - a visionary social workshop. In 1938 he appeared on the cover of Time magazine, and later, on a two-cent stamp. The most spectacular buildings of his mature period were based on forms borrowed from nature, and the intentions were clearly romantic, poetic, and intensely personal. Examples of these buildings are Tokyo's Imperial Hotel (1915-22: demolished 1968), and New York City's Guggenheim Museum (completed 1959). He continued working until his death in 1959, at the age of 92, although in his later years, he spent as much time giving interviews and being a celebrity, as he did in designing buildings. Wright can be considered an essentially idiosyncratic architect whose influence was immense but whose pupils were few. 35. According to the passage, an idyllic American suburb is (a) based on forms borrowed from nature (b) blended into the landscape (c) giant oaks, sprawling lawns, and no fences (d) houses with low-pitched reefs and extended lines

(c) giant oaks, sprawling lawns, and no fences

Food and drink are necessary and desirable, but their abuse can cause serious physical and metal problem. Many physicians believe that overeating is one of the country's main health problems, since it places a great strain on the heart, can lead to diabetes, and often shortens the individual's life span. To fill an emotional void. People often turn to food when they are bored or lonely. Another area of concern is alcohol consumption. The results of alcohol abuse are widely publicized. The social drinker who becomes alcoholic, the drunken driver's contribution to highway death, spousal and child abuse, are all concomitant problems associated with alcohol abuse. 2. The information presented in this article is?

*Unbiased in its approach

1 pint

1.97 cup 16 oz 32 tablespoon 96 teaspoon

Moon The Moon has been worshipped by primitive peoples and has inspired humans to create everything from lunar calendars to love sonnets, but what do we really know about it? The most accepted theory about the origin of the Moon is that it was formed of the debris from a massive collision with the young Earth about 4.6 billion years ago. A huge body, perhaps the size of Mars, struck the Earth, throwing out an immense amount of debris that coalesced and cooled in orbit around the Earth. The development of Earth is inextricably linked to the moon; the Moon's gravitational influence upon the Earth is the primary cause of ocean tides. In fact, the Moon has more than twice the effect upon the tides than does the Sun. The Moon makes one rotation and completes a revolution around the Earth every 27 days, 7 hours, and 43 minutes. This synchronous rotation is caused by an uneven distribution of mass in the Moon (essentially, it is heavier on one side than the other) and has allowed the Earth's gravity to keep one side of the Moon permanently facing Earth. It is an average distance from Earth of 384,403 km. The Moon has no atmosphere; without an atmosphere, the Moon has nothing to protect it from meteorite impacts, and thus the surface of the Moon is covered with impact craters, both large and small. The Moon also has no active tectonic or volcanic activity, so the erosive effects of atmospheric weathering, tectonic shifts, and volcanic upheavals that tend to erase and reform the Earth's surface features are not at work on the Moon. In fact, even tiny surface features such as the footprint left by an astronaut in the lunar soil are likely to last for millions of years, unless obliterated by a chance meteorite strike. The surface gravity of the Moon is about one-sixth that of the Earth's. Therefore, a man weighing 82 kilograms on Earth would only weigh 14 kilograms on the Moon. The geographical features of the Earth most like that of the Moon are, in fact, places such as the Hawaiian volcanic craters and the huge meteor crater in Arizona. The climate of the Moon is very unlike either Hawaii or Arizona, however; in fact, the temperature on the Moon ranges between 123 degrees C. to -233 degrees C. 13. The word "massive" in line 4 is closest in meaning to (a) unavoidable (b) dense (c) huge (d) impressive

(c) huge

All the Jazz Jazz has been called "the art of expression set to music", and "America's great contribution to music". It has functioned as popular art and enjoyed periods of widespread public response, in the "jazz age" of the 1920s, in the "swing era" of the late 1930s and in the peak popularity of modern jazz in the late 1950s. The standard legend about Jazz is that it originated around the end of the 19th century in New Orleans and moved up the Mississippi River to Memphis, St. Louis, and finally to Chicago. It welded together the elements of Ragtime, marching band music, and the Blues. However, the influences of what led to those early sounds goes back to tribal African drum beats and European musical structures. Buddy Bolden, a New Orleans barber and cornet player, is generally considered to have been the first real Jazz musician, around 1891. What made Jazz significantly different from the other earlier forms of music was the use of improvisation. Jazz displayed a break from traditional music where a composer wrote an entire piece of music on paper, leaving the musicians to break their backs playing exactly what was written on the score. In a Jazz piece, however, the song is simply a starting point, or sort of skeletal guide for the Jazz musicians to improvise around. Many of the early Jazz musicians were bad sight readers and some couldn't even read music at all. These early musicians couldn't make money very much and were stuck working menial jobs to make a living. The second wave of New Orleans Jazz musicians included such memorable players as Joe Oliver, Kid Ory, and Jelly Roll Morton. These men formed small bands and took the music of earlier musicians, improved its complexity, and gained greater success. This music is known as "hot Jazz" due to the enormously fast speeds and rhythmic drive. A young cornet player by the name of Louis Armstrong was discovered by Joe Oliver in New Orleans. He soon grew up to become one of the greatest and most successful musicians of all time, and later one of the biggest stars in the world. The impact of Armstrong and other talented early Jazz musicians changed the way we look at music. 4. Which of the following distinguished Jazz as a new form of musical expression? (a) the use of cornets (b) "hot Jazz" (c) improvisation (d) New Orleans

(c) improvisation

Considered the most influential architect of his time, Frank Lloyd Wright (1867-1959) was born in the small rural community of Richland Center, Wisconsin. He entered the University of Wisconsin at the age of 15 as a special student, studying engineering because the school had no course in architecture. At the age of 20 he then went to work as a draughtsman in Chicago in order to learn the traditional, classical language of architecture. After marrying into a wealthy business family at the age of 21, Wright set up house in an exclusive neighborhood in Chicago, and after a few years of working for a few architectural firms, set up his own architectural office. For twenty years he brought up a family of six children upstairs and ran a thriving architectural practice of twelve or so draughts men downstairs. Here, in an idyllic American suburb, with giant oaks, sprawling lawns, and no fences, Wright built some sixty rambling homes by the year 1900. He became the leader of a style known as the "Prairie" school - houses with low-pitched roofs and extended lines that blended into the landscape and typified his style of "organic architecture". By the age of forty-one, in 1908, Wright had achieved extraordinary social and professional success. He gave countless lectures at major universities and started his Taliesin Fellowship - a visionary social workshop. In 1938 he appeared on the cover of Time magazine, and later, on a two-cent stamp. The most spectacular buildings of his mature period were based on forms borrowed from nature, and the intentions were clearly romantic, poetic, and intensely personal. Examples of these buildings are Tokyo's Imperial Hotel (1915-22: demolished 1968), and New York City's Guggenheim Museum (completed 1959). He continued working until his death in 1959, at the age of 92, although in his later years, he spent as much time giving interviews and being a celebrity, as he did in designing buildings. Wright can be considered an essentially idiosyncratic architect whose influence was immense but whose pupils were few. 38. The word "idiosyncratic" in line 24 is closest in meaning to (a) idiotic (b) idealistic (c) individualistic (d) independent

(c) individualistic

All the Jazz Jazz has been called "the art of expression set to music", and "America's great contribution to music". It has functioned as popular art and enjoyed periods of widespread public response, in the "jazz age" of the 1920s, in the "swing era" of the late 1930s and in the peak popularity of modern jazz in the late 1950s. The standard legend about Jazz is that it originated around the end of the 19th century in New Orleans and moved up the Mississippi River to Memphis, St. Louis, and finally to Chicago. It welded together the elements of Ragtime, marching band music, and the Blues. However, the influences of what led to those early sounds goes back to tribal African drum beats and European musical structures. Buddy Bolden, a New Orleans barber and cornet player, is generally considered to have been the first real Jazz musician, around 1891. What made Jazz significantly different from the other earlier forms of music was the use of improvisation. Jazz displayed a break from traditional music where a composer wrote an entire piece of music on paper, leaving the musicians to break their backs playing exactly what was written on the score. In a Jazz piece, however, the song is simply a starting point, or sort of skeletal guide for the Jazz musicians to improvise around. Many of the early Jazz musicians were bad sight readers and some couldn't even read music at all. These early musicians couldn't make money very much and were stuck working menial jobs to make a living. The second wave of New Orleans Jazz musicians included such memorable players as Joe Oliver, Kid Ory, and Jelly Roll Morton. These men formed small bands and took the music of earlier musicians, improved its complexity, and gained greater success. This music is known as "hot Jazz" due to the enormously fast speeds and rhythmic drive. A young cornet player by the name of Louis Armstrong was discovered by Joe Oliver in New Orleans. He soon grew up to become one of the greatest and most successful musicians of all time, and later one of the biggest stars in the world. The impact of Armstrong and other talented early Jazz musicians changed the way we look at music. 6. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? (a) many early Jazz musicians had poor sight (b) there is no slow music in Jazz (c) many early Jazz musicians had little formal musical training (d) the cornet is the most common musical instrument used in Jazz

(c) many early Jazz musicians had little formal musical training

Moon The Moon has been worshipped by primitive peoples and has inspired humans to create everything from lunar calendars to love sonnets, but what do we really know about it? The most accepted theory about the origin of the Moon is that it was formed of the debris from a massive collision with the young Earth about 4.6 billion years ago. A huge body, perhaps the size of Mars, struck the Earth, throwing out an immense amount of debris that coalesced and cooled in orbit around the Earth. The development of Earth is inextricably linked to the moon; the Moon's gravitational influence upon the Earth is the primary cause of ocean tides. In fact, the Moon has more than twice the effect upon the tides than does the Sun. The Moon makes one rotation and completes a revolution around the Earth every 27 days, 7 hours, and 43 minutes. This synchronous rotation is caused by an uneven distribution of mass in the Moon (essentially, it is heavier on one side than the other) and has allowed the Earth's gravity to keep one side of the Moon permanently facing Earth. It is an average distance from Earth of 384,403 km. The Moon has no atmosphere; without an atmosphere, the Moon has nothing to protect it from meteorite impacts, and thus the surface of the Moon is covered with impact craters, both large and small. The Moon also has no active tectonic or volcanic activity, so the erosive effects of atmospheric weathering, tectonic shifts, and volcanic upheavals that tend to erase and reform the Earth's surface features are not at work on the Moon. In fact, even tiny surface features such as the footprint left by an astronaut in the lunar soil are likely to last for millions of years, unless obliterated by a chance meteorite strike. The surface gravity of the Moon is about one-sixth that of the Earth's. Therefore, a man weighing 82 kilograms on Earth would only weigh 14 kilograms on the Moon. The geographical features of the Earth most like that of the Moon are, in fact, places such as the Hawaiian volcanic craters and the huge meteor crater in Arizona. The climate of the Moon is very unlike either Hawaii or Arizona, however; in fact, the temperature on the Moon ranges between 123 degrees C. to -233 degrees C. 18. The word "erase" in line 19 is closest in meaning to (a) change (b) impact (c) obliterate (d) erupt

(c) obliterate

Food and drink are necessary and desirable, but their abuse can cause serious physical and metal problem. Many physicians believe that overeating is one of the country's main health problems, since it places a great strain on the heart, can lead to diabetes, and often shortens the individual's life span. To fill an emotional void. People often turn to food when they are bored or lonely. Another area of concern is alcohol consumption. The results of alcohol abuse are widely publicized. The social drinker who becomes alcoholic, the drunken driver's contribution to highway death, spousal and child abuse, are all concomitant problems associated with alcohol abuse. 3. The author's motive for writing the paragraph seems to have been to?

*Urge self-control

*Florence Nightingale*** 4. Why she studied secretly?

*Wealthy people didn't work at the hospital

The healing power of maggots is not new. Human beings have discovered it several times. The Maya are said to have used maggots for therapeutic purposes a thousand years ago. As early as the sixteenth century, European doctors noticed that soldiers with maggot-infested wounds healed well. More recently, doctors have realized that maggots can be cheaper and more effective than drugs in some respects, and these squirming larvae have, at times, enjoyed a quiet medical renaissance. The problem may have more to do with the weak stomachs of those using them than with good science. The modern heyday of maggot therapy began during World War I, when an American doctor named William Baer was shocked to notice that two soldiers who had lain on a battlefield for a week while their abdominal wounds became infested with thousands of maggots, had recovered better than wounded men treated in the military hospital. After the war, Baer proved to the medical establishment that maggots could cure some of the toughest infections. In the 1930s hundreds of hospitals used maggot therapy. Maggot therapy requires the right kind of larvae. Only the maggots of blowflies (a family that includes common bluebottles and greenbottles) will do the job; they devour dead tissue, whether in an open wound or in a corpse. Some other maggots, on the other hand, such as those of the screw-worm eat live tissue. They must be avoided. When blowfly eggs hatch in a patient's wound, the maggots eat the dead flesh where gangrene-causing bacteria thrive. They also excrete compounds that are lethal to bacteria they don't happen to swallow. Meanwhile, they ignore live flesh, and in fact, give it a gentle growth-stimulating massage simply by crawling over it. When they metamorphose into flies, they leave without a trace - although in the process, they might upset the hospital staff as they squirm around in a live patient. When sulfa drugs, the first antibiotics, emerged around the time of World War II, maggot therapy quickly faded into obscurity. 41. Why did the author write the passage? (a) because of the resistance to using the benefits of maggots (b) to demonstrate the important contribution of William Baer (c) to outline the healing power of maggots (d) to explain treatment used before the first antibiotics

(c) to outline the healing power of maggots

Moon The Moon has been worshipped by primitive peoples and has inspired humans to create everything from lunar calendars to love sonnets, but what do we really know about it? The most accepted theory about the origin of the Moon is that it was formed of the debris from a massive collision with the young Earth about 4.6 billion years ago. A huge body, perhaps the size of Mars, struck the Earth, throwing out an immense amount of debris that coalesced and cooled in orbit around the Earth. The development of Earth is inextricably linked to the moon; the Moon's gravitational influence upon the Earth is the primary cause of ocean tides. In fact, the Moon has more than twice the effect upon the tides than does the Sun. The Moon makes one rotation and completes a revolution around the Earth every 27 days, 7 hours, and 43 minutes. This synchronous rotation is caused by an uneven distribution of mass in the Moon (essentially, it is heavier on one side than the other) and has allowed the Earth's gravity to keep one side of the Moon permanently facing Earth. It is an average distance from Earth of 384,403 km. The Moon has no atmosphere; without an atmosphere, the Moon has nothing to protect it from meteorite impacts, and thus the surface of the Moon is covered with impact craters, both large and small. The Moon also has no active tectonic or volcanic activity, so the erosive effects of atmospheric weathering, tectonic shifts, and volcanic upheavals that tend to erase and reform the Earth's surface features are not at work on the Moon. In fact, even tiny surface features such as the footprint left by an astronaut in the lunar soil are likely to last for millions of years, unless obliterated by a chance meteorite strike. The surface gravity of the Moon is about one-sixth that of the Earth's. Therefore, a man weighing 82 kilograms on Earth would only weigh 14 kilograms on the Moon. The geographical features of the Earth most like that of the Moon are, in fact, places such as the Hawaiian volcanic craters and the huge meteor crater in Arizona. The climate of the Moon is very unlike either Hawaii or Arizona, however; in fact, the temperature on the Moon ranges between 123 degrees C. to -233 degrees C. 12. What is the passage primarily about? (a) the Moon's effect upon the Earth (b) the origin of the Moon (c) what we know about the Moon and its differences to Earth (d) a comparison of the Moon and the Earth

(c) what we know about the Moon and its differences to Earth

People of Hispanic origin were on the North American continent centuries before settlers arrived from Europe in the early 1600s and the thirteen colonies joined together to form the United States in the late 1700s. The first census of the new nation was conducted in 1790, and counted about four million people, most of whom were white. Of the white citizens, more than 80% traced their ancestry back to England. There were close to 700,000 slaves and about 60,000 "free Negroes". Only a few Native American Indians who paid taxes were included in the census count, but the total Native American population was probably about one million. By 1815, the population of the United States was 8.4 million. Over the next 100 years, the country took in about 35 million immigrants, with the greatest numbers coming in the late 1800s and early 1900s. In 1882, 40,000 Chinese arrived, and between 1900 and 1907, there were more than 30,000 Japanese immigrants. But by far, the largest numbers of the new immigrants were from central, eastern, and southern Europe. An enormous amount of racial and ethnic assimilation has taken place in the United States. In 1908, play-write Israel Zangwill first used the term "melting pot" to describe the concept of a place where many races melted in a crucible and re-formed to populate a new land. Some years during the first two decades of the 20th century, there were as many as one million new immigrants per year, an astonishing 1 percent of the total population of the United States. In 1921, however, the country began to limit immigration, and the Immigration Act of 1924 virtually closed the door. The total number of immigrants admitted per year dropped from as many as a million to only 150,000. A quota system was established that specified the number of immigrants that could come from each country. It heavily favored immigrants from northern and western Europe and severely limited everyone else. This system remained in effect until 1965, although after World War II, several exceptions were made to the quota system to allow in groups of refugees. 25. The word "their" in line 5 refers to which of the following (a) immigrants (b) people of Hispanic origin (c) white citizens (d) Native Americans

(c) white citizens

All the Jazz Jazz has been called "the art of expression set to music", and "America's great contribution to music". It has functioned as popular art and enjoyed periods of widespread public response, in the "jazz age" of the 1920s, in the "swing era" of the late 1930s and in the peak popularity of modern jazz in the late 1950s. The standard legend about Jazz is that it originated around the end of the 19th century in New Orleans and moved up the Mississippi River to Memphis, St. Louis, and finally to Chicago. It welded together the elements of Ragtime, marching band music, and the Blues. However, the influences of what led to those early sounds goes back to tribal African drum beats and European musical structures. Buddy Bolden, a New Orleans barber and cornet player, is generally considered to have been the first real Jazz musician, around 1891. What made Jazz significantly different from the other earlier forms of music was the use of improvisation. Jazz displayed a break from traditional music where a composer wrote an entire piece of music on paper, leaving the musicians to break their backs playing exactly what was written on the score. In a Jazz piece, however, the song is simply a starting point, or sort of skeletal guide for the Jazz musicians to improvise around. Many of the early Jazz musicians were bad sight readers and some couldn't even read music at all. These early musicians couldn't make money very much and were stuck working menial jobs to make a living. The second wave of New Orleans Jazz musicians included such memorable players as Joe Oliver, Kid Ory, and Jelly Roll Morton. These men formed small bands and took the music of earlier musicians, improved its complexity, and gained greater success. This music is known as "hot Jazz" due to the enormously fast speeds and rhythmic drive. A young cornet player by the name of Louis Armstrong was discovered by Joe Oliver in New Orleans. He soon grew up to become one of the greatest and most successful musicians of all time, and later one of the biggest stars in the world. The impact of Armstrong and other talented early Jazz musicians changed the way we look at music. 8. According to the passage, which of the following belonged to the second wave of New Orleans Jazz musicians? (a) Louis Armstrong (b) Buddy Bolden (c) St. Louis (d) Joe Oliver

(d) Joe Oliver

*Homonyms*** 4. How does the article define homonyms?

*Words that sound alike and are spelled in different ways with different meaning

tractable

- (of a person or animal) easy to control or influence

Labile

- liable to change; easily altered

concomitant

- naturally accompanying or associated

brawny

- physically strong

106. Use etc. correctly in a sentence

- the list included diseases such as measles, flu, chicken pox, etc.

parsimonious

- unwilling to spend money or use resources; stingy or frugal.

languid

- weak or faint from illness or fatigue

All the Jazz Jazz has been called "the art of expression set to music", and "America's great contribution to music". It has functioned as popular art and enjoyed periods of widespread public response, in the "jazz age" of the 1920s, in the "swing era" of the late 1930s and in the peak popularity of modern jazz in the late 1950s. The standard legend about Jazz is that it originated around the end of the 19th century in New Orleans and moved up the Mississippi River to Memphis, St. Louis, and finally to Chicago. It welded together the elements of Ragtime, marching band music, and the Blues. However, the influences of what led to those early sounds goes back to tribal African drum beats and European musical structures. Buddy Bolden, a New Orleans barber and cornet player, is generally considered to have been the first real Jazz musician, around 1891. What made Jazz significantly different from the other earlier forms of music was the use of improvisation. Jazz displayed a break from traditional music where a composer wrote an entire piece of music on paper, leaving the musicians to break their backs playing exactly what was written on the score. In a Jazz piece, however, the song is simply a starting point, or sort of skeletal guide for the Jazz musicians to improvise around. Many of the early Jazz musicians were bad sight readers and some couldn't even read music at all. These early musicians couldn't make money very much and were stuck working menial jobs to make a living. The second wave of New Orleans Jazz musicians included such memorable players as Joe Oliver, Kid Ory, and Jelly Roll Morton. These men formed small bands and took the music of earlier musicians, improved its complexity, and gained greater success. This music is known as "hot Jazz" due to the enormously fast speeds and rhythmic drive. A young cornet player by the name of Louis Armstrong was discovered by Joe Oliver in New Orleans. He soon grew up to become one of the greatest and most successful musicians of all time, and later one of the biggest stars in the world. The impact of Armstrong and other talented early Jazz musicians changed the way we look at music. 9. All the following are true EXCEPT (a) the late 1930s was called the "swing era" (b) "hot Jazz" is rhythmic (c) Jazz has been said to be America's greatest contribution to music (d) Joe Oliver is generally considered to be the first real Jazz musician

(d) Joe Oliver is generally considered to be the first real Jazz musician

All the Jazz Jazz has been called "the art of expression set to music", and "America's great contribution to music". It has functioned as popular art and enjoyed periods of widespread public response, in the "jazz age" of the 1920s, in the "swing era" of the late 1930s and in the peak popularity of modern jazz in the late 1950s. The standard legend about Jazz is that it originated around the end of the 19th century in New Orleans and moved up the Mississippi River to Memphis, St. Louis, and finally to Chicago. It welded together the elements of Ragtime, marching band music, and the Blues. However, the influences of what led to those early sounds goes back to tribal African drum beats and European musical structures. Buddy Bolden, a New Orleans barber and cornet player, is generally considered to have been the first real Jazz musician, around 1891. What made Jazz significantly different from the other earlier forms of music was the use of improvisation. Jazz displayed a break from traditional music where a composer wrote an entire piece of music on paper, leaving the musicians to break their backs playing exactly what was written on the score. In a Jazz piece, however, the song is simply a starting point, or sort of skeletal guide for the Jazz musicians to improvise around. Many of the early Jazz musicians were bad sight readers and some couldn't even read music at all. These early musicians couldn't make money very much and were stuck working menial jobs to make a living. The second wave of New Orleans Jazz musicians included such memorable players as Joe Oliver, Kid Ory, and Jelly Roll Morton. These men formed small bands and took the music of earlier musicians, improved its complexity, and gained greater success. This music is known as "hot Jazz" due to the enormously fast speeds and rhythmic drive. A young cornet player by the name of Louis Armstrong was discovered by Joe Oliver in New Orleans. He soon grew up to become one of the greatest and most successful musicians of all time, and later one of the biggest stars in the world. The impact of Armstrong and other talented early Jazz musicians changed the way we look at music. 2. According to the passage, Jazz originated in (a) Chicago (b) St. Louis (c) along the Mississippi river (d) New Orleans

(d) New Orleans

Moon The Moon has been worshipped by primitive peoples and has inspired humans to create everything from lunar calendars to love sonnets, but what do we really know about it? The most accepted theory about the origin of the Moon is that it was formed of the debris from a massive collision with the young Earth about 4.6 billion years ago. A huge body, perhaps the size of Mars, struck the Earth, throwing out an immense amount of debris that coalesced and cooled in orbit around the Earth. The development of Earth is inextricably linked to the moon; the Moon's gravitational influence upon the Earth is the primary cause of ocean tides. In fact, the Moon has more than twice the effect upon the tides than does the Sun. The Moon makes one rotation and completes a revolution around the Earth every 27 days, 7 hours, and 43 minutes. This synchronous rotation is caused by an uneven distribution of mass in the Moon (essentially, it is heavier on one side than the other) and has allowed the Earth's gravity to keep one side of the Moon permanently facing Earth. It is an average distance from Earth of 384,403 km. The Moon has no atmosphere; without an atmosphere, the Moon has nothing to protect it from meteorite impacts, and thus the surface of the Moon is covered with impact craters, both large and small. The Moon also has no active tectonic or volcanic activity, so the erosive effects of atmospheric weathering, tectonic shifts, and volcanic upheavals that tend to erase and reform the Earth's surface features are not at work on the Moon. In fact, even tiny surface features such as the footprint left by an astronaut in the lunar soil are likely to last for millions of years, unless obliterated by a chance meteorite strike. The surface gravity of the Moon is about one-sixth that of the Earth's. Therefore, a man weighing 82 kilograms on Earth would only weigh 14 kilograms on the Moon. The geographical features of the Earth most like that of the Moon are, in fact, places such as the Hawaiian volcanic craters and the huge meteor crater in Arizona. The climate of the Moon is very unlike either Hawaii or Arizona, however; in fact, the temperature on the Moon ranges between 123 degrees C. to -233 degrees C. 16. The word "uneven " in line 11 is closest in meaning to (a) Heavier (b) Equally distributed (c) Orderly (d) Not uniform

(d) Not uniform

The healing power of maggots is not new. Human beings have discovered it several times. The Maya are said to have used maggots for therapeutic purposes a thousand years ago. As early as the sixteenth century, European doctors noticed that soldiers with maggot-infested wounds healed well. More recently, doctors have realized that maggots can be cheaper and more effective than drugs in some respects, and these squirming larvae have, at times, enjoyed a quiet medical renaissance. The problem may have more to do with the weak stomachs of those using them than with good science. The modern heyday of maggot therapy began during World War I, when an American doctor named William Baer was shocked to notice that two soldiers who had lain on a battlefield for a week while their abdominal wounds became infested with thousands of maggots, had recovered better than wounded men treated in the military hospital. After the war, Baer proved to the medical establishment that maggots could cure some of the toughest infections. In the 1930s hundreds of hospitals used maggot therapy. Maggot therapy requires the right kind of larvae. Only the maggots of blowflies (a family that includes common bluebottles and greenbottles) will do the job; they devour dead tissue, whether in an open wound or in a corpse. Some other maggots, on the other hand, such as those of the screw-worm eat live tissue. They must be avoided. When blowfly eggs hatch in a patient's wound, the maggots eat the dead flesh where gangrene-causing bacteria thrive. They also excrete compounds that are lethal to bacteria they don't happen to swallow. Meanwhile, they ignore live flesh, and in fact, give it a gentle growth-stimulating massage simply by crawling over it. When they metamorphose into flies, they leave without a trace - although in the process, they might upset the hospital staff as they squirm around in a live patient. When sulfa drugs, the first antibiotics, emerged around the time of World War II, maggot therapy quickly faded into obscurity. 43. According to the passage, William Bayer was shocked because (a) two soldiers had lain on the battlefield for a week (b) the medical establishment refused to accept his findings (c) the soldier's abdominal wounds had become infested with maggots (d) the soldiers had recovered better than those in a military hospital CORRECT 44. Which of the following is true, according to the passage? (a) sulfa drugs have been developed from maggots (b) maggots only eat dead tissue (c) bluebottles and greenbottles produce maggots (d) blowfly maggots only eat dead tissue

(d) blowfly maggots only eat dead tissue

Food and drink are necessary and desirable, but their abuse can cause serious physical and metal problem. Many physicians believe that overeating is one of the country's main health problems, since it places a great strain on the heart, can lead to diabetes, and often shortens the individual's life span. To fill an emotional void. People often turn to food when they are bored or lonely. Another area of concern is alcohol consumption. The results of alcohol abuse are widely publicized. The social drinker who becomes alcoholic, the drunken driver's contribution to highway death, spousal and child abuse, are all concomitant problems associated with alcohol abuse. 6. The information presented in this article is

-Against drinking alcohol

Getting a Good night's sleep 2.Sleep apnea causes?

-Chronic illness

The healing power of maggots is not new. Human beings have discovered it several times. The Maya are said to have used maggots for therapeutic purposes a thousand years ago. As early as the sixteenth century, European doctors noticed that soldiers with maggot-infested wounds healed well. More recently, doctors have realized that maggots can be cheaper and more effective than drugs in some respects, and these squirming larvae have, at times, enjoyed a quiet medical renaissance. The problem may have more to do with the weak stomachs of those using them than with good science. The modern heyday of maggot therapy began during World War I, when an American doctor named William Baer was shocked to notice that two soldiers who had lain on a battlefield for a week while their abdominal wounds became infested with thousands of maggots, had recovered better than wounded men treated in the military hospital. After the war, Baer proved to the medical establishment that maggots could cure some of the toughest infections. In the 1930s hundreds of hospitals used maggot therapy. Maggot therapy requires the right kind of larvae. Only the maggots of blowflies (a family that includes common bluebottles and greenbottles) will do the job; they devour dead tissue, whether in an open wound or in a corpse. Some other maggots, on the other hand, such as those of the screw-worm eat live tissue. They must be avoided. When blowfly eggs hatch in a patient's wound, the maggots eat the dead flesh where gangrene-causing bacteria thrive. They also excrete compounds that are lethal to bacteria they don't happen to swallow. Meanwhile, they ignore live flesh, and in fact, give it a gentle growth-stimulating massage simply by crawling over it. When they metamorphose into flies, they leave without a trace - although in the process, they might upset the hospital staff as they squirm around in a live patient. When sulfa drugs, the first antibiotics, emerged around the time of World War II, maggot therapy quickly faded into obscurity. 44. Which of the following is true, according to the passage? (a) sulfa drugs have been developed from maggots (b) maggots only eat dead tissue (c) bluebottles and greenbottles produce maggots (d) blowfly maggots only eat dead tissue

(d) blowfly maggots only eat dead tissue

The healing power of maggots is not new. Human beings have discovered it several times. The Maya are said to have used maggots for therapeutic purposes a thousand years ago. As early as the sixteenth century, European doctors noticed that soldiers with maggot-infested wounds healed well. More recently, doctors have realized that maggots can be cheaper and more effective than drugs in some respects, and these squirming larvae have, at times, enjoyed a quiet medical renaissance. The problem may have more to do with the weak stomachs of those using them than with good science. The modern heyday of maggot therapy began during World War I, when an American doctor named William Baer was shocked to notice that two soldiers who had lain on a battlefield for a week while their abdominal wounds became infested with thousands of maggots, had recovered better than wounded men treated in the military hospital. After the war, Baer proved to the medical establishment that maggots could cure some of the toughest infections. In the 1930s hundreds of hospitals used maggot therapy. Maggot therapy requires the right kind of larvae. Only the maggots of blowflies (a family that includes common bluebottles and greenbottles) will do the job; they devour dead tissue, whether in an open wound or in a corpse. Some other maggots, on the other hand, such as those of the screw-worm eat live tissue. They must be avoided. When blowfly eggs hatch in a patient's wound, the maggots eat the dead flesh where gangrene-causing bacteria thrive. They also excrete compounds that are lethal to bacteria they don't happen to swallow. Meanwhile, they ignore live flesh, and in fact, give it a gentle growth-stimulating massage simply by crawling over it. When they metamorphose into flies, they leave without a trace - although in the process, they might upset the hospital staff as they squirm around in a live patient. When sulfa drugs, the first antibiotics, emerged around the time of World War II, maggot therapy quickly faded into obscurity. 45. The word "devour" in line 16 is closest in meaning to (a) chew (b) clean (c) change (d) consume

(d) consume

The healing power of maggots is not new. Human beings have discovered it several times. The Maya are said to have used maggots for therapeutic purposes a thousand years ago. As early as the sixteenth century, European doctors noticed that soldiers with maggot-infested wounds healed well. More recently, doctors have realized that maggots can be cheaper and more effective than drugs in some respects, and these squirming larvae have, at times, enjoyed a quiet medical renaissance. The problem may have more to do with the weak stomachs of those using them than with good science. The modern heyday of maggot therapy began during World War I, when an American doctor named William Baer was shocked to notice that two soldiers who had lain on a battlefield for a week while their abdominal wounds became infested with thousands of maggots, had recovered better than wounded men treated in the military hospital. After the war, Baer proved to the medical establishment that maggots could cure some of the toughest infections. In the 1930s hundreds of hospitals used maggot therapy. Maggot therapy requires the right kind of larvae. Only the maggots of blowflies (a family that includes common bluebottles and greenbottles) will do the job; they devour dead tissue, whether in an open wound or in a corpse. Some other maggots, on the other hand, such as those of the screw-worm eat live tissue. They must be avoided. When blowfly eggs hatch in a patient's wound, the maggots eat the dead flesh where gangrene-causing bacteria thrive. They also excrete compounds that are lethal to bacteria they don't happen to swallow. Meanwhile, they ignore live flesh, and in fact, give it a gentle growth-stimulating massage simply by crawling over it. When they metamorphose into flies, they leave without a trace - although in the process, they might upset the hospital staff as they squirm around in a live patient. When sulfa drugs, the first antibiotics, emerged around the time of World War II, maggot therapy quickly faded into obscurity. 46. The word "thrive" in line 19 is closest in meaning to (a) prosper (b) eat (c) move (d) grow

(d) grow

Moon The Moon has been worshipped by primitive peoples and has inspired humans to create everything from lunar calendars to love sonnets, but what do we really know about it? The most accepted theory about the origin of the Moon is that it was formed of the debris from a massive collision with the young Earth about 4.6 billion years ago. A huge body, perhaps the size of Mars, struck the Earth, throwing out an immense amount of debris that coalesced and cooled in orbit around the Earth. The development of Earth is inextricably linked to the moon; the Moon's gravitational influence upon the Earth is the primary cause of ocean tides. In fact, the Moon has more than twice the effect upon the tides than does the Sun. The Moon makes one rotation and completes a revolution around the Earth every 27 days, 7 hours, and 43 minutes. This synchronous rotation is caused by an uneven distribution of mass in the Moon (essentially, it is heavier on one side than the other) and has allowed the Earth's gravity to keep one side of the Moon permanently facing Earth. It is an average distance from Earth of 384,403 km. The Moon has no atmosphere; without an atmosphere, the Moon has nothing to protect it from meteorite impacts, and thus the surface of the Moon is covered with impact craters, both large and small. The Moon also has no active tectonic or volcanic activity, so the erosive effects of atmospheric weathering, tectonic shifts, and volcanic upheavals that tend to erase and reform the Earth's surface features are not at work on the Moon. In fact, even tiny surface features such as the footprint left by an astronaut in the lunar soil are likely to last for millions of years, unless obliterated by a chance meteorite strike. The surface gravity of the Moon is about one-sixth that of the Earth's. Therefore, a man weighing 82 kilograms on Earth would only weigh 14 kilograms on the Moon. The geographical features of the Earth most like that of the Moon are, in fact, places such as the Hawaiian volcanic craters and the huge meteor crater in Arizona. The climate of the Moon is very unlike either Hawaii or Arizona, however; in fact, the temperature on the Moon ranges between 123 degrees C. to -233 degrees C. 20. All the following are true about the Moon EXCEPT (a) it has a wide range of temperatures (b) it is heavier on one side than the other (c) it is unable to protect itself from meteorite attacks (d) it has less effect upon the tides than the Sun

(d) it has less effect upon the tides than the Sun

Considered the most influential architect of his time, Frank Lloyd Wright (1867-1959) was born in the small rural community of Richland Center, Wisconsin. He entered the University of Wisconsin at the age of 15 as a special student, studying engineering because the school had no course in architecture. At the age of 20 he then went to work as a draughtsman in Chicago in order to learn the traditional, classical language of architecture. After marrying into a wealthy business family at the age of 21, Wright set up house in an exclusive neighborhood in Chicago, and after a few years of working for a few architectural firms, set up his own architectural office. For twenty years he brought up a family of six children upstairs and ran a thriving architectural practice of twelve or so draughts men downstairs. Here, in an idyllic American suburb, with giant oaks, sprawling lawns, and no fences, Wright built some sixty rambling homes by the year 1900. He became the leader of a style known as the "Prairie" school - houses with low-pitched roofs and extended lines that blended into the landscape and typified his style of "organic architecture". By the age of forty-one, in 1908, Wright had achieved extraordinary social and professional success. He gave countless lectures at major universities and started his Taliesin Fellowship - a visionary social workshop. In 1938 he appeared on the cover of Time magazine, and later, on a two-cent stamp. The most spectacular buildings of his mature period were based on forms borrowed from nature, and the intentions were clearly romantic, poetic, and intensely personal. Examples of these buildings are Tokyo's Imperial Hotel (1915-22: demolished 1968), and New York City's Guggenheim Museum (completed 1959). He continued working until his death in 1959, at the age of 92, although in his later years, he spent as much time giving interviews and being a celebrity, as he did in designing buildings. Wright can be considered an essentially idiosyncratic architect whose influence was immense but whose pupils were few. 36. The word "blended" in line 13 is closest in meaning to (a) dug (b) cut (c) imposed (d) merged

(d) merged

Moon The Moon has been worshipped by primitive peoples and has inspired humans to create everything from lunar calendars to love sonnets, but what do we really know about it? The most accepted theory about the origin of the Moon is that it was formed of the debris from a massive collision with the young Earth about 4.6 billion years ago. A huge body, perhaps the size of Mars, struck the Earth, throwing out an immense amount of debris that coalesced and cooled in orbit around the Earth. The development of Earth is inextricably linked to the moon; the Moon's gravitational influence upon the Earth is the primary cause of ocean tides. In fact, the Moon has more than twice the effect upon the tides than does the Sun. The Moon makes one rotation and completes a revolution around the Earth every 27 days, 7 hours, and 43 minutes. This synchronous rotation is caused by an uneven distribution of mass in the Moon (essentially, it is heavier on one side than the other) and has allowed the Earth's gravity to keep one side of the Moon permanently facing Earth. It is an average distance from Earth of 384,403 km. The Moon has no atmosphere; without an atmosphere, the Moon has nothing to protect it from meteorite impacts, and thus the surface of the Moon is covered with impact craters, both large and small. The Moon also has no active tectonic or volcanic activity, so the erosive effects of atmospheric weathering, tectonic shifts, and volcanic upheavals that tend to erase and reform the Earth's surface features are not at work on the Moon. In fact, even tiny surface features such as the footprint left by an astronaut in the lunar soil are likely to last for millions of years, unless obliterated by a chance meteorite strike. The surface gravity of the Moon is about one-sixth that of the Earth's. Therefore, a man weighing 82 kilograms on Earth would only weigh 14 kilograms on the Moon. The geographical features of the Earth most like that of the Moon are, in fact, places such as the Hawaiian volcanic craters and the huge meteor crater in Arizona. The climate of the Moon is very unlike either Hawaii or Arizona, however; in fact, the temperature on the Moon ranges between 123 degrees C. to -233 degrees C. 15. According to the passage, the Moon is (a) older than the Earth (b) protected by a dense atmosphere (c) composed of a few active volcanoes (d) the primary cause of Earth's ocean tides

(d) the primary cause of Earth's ocean tides

People of Hispanic origin were on the North American continent centuries before settlers arrived from Europe in the early 1600s and the thirteen colonies joined together to form the United States in the late 1700s. The first census of the new nation was conducted in 1790, and counted about four million people, most of whom were white. Of the white citizens, more than 80% traced their ancestry back to England. There were close to 700,000 slaves and about 60,000 "free Negroes". Only a few Native American Indians who paid taxes were included in the census count, but the total Native American population was probably about one million. By 1815, the population of the United States was 8.4 million. Over the next 100 years, the country took in about 35 million immigrants, with the greatest numbers coming in the late 1800s and early 1900s. In 1882, 40,000 Chinese arrived, and between 1900 and 1907, there were more than 30,000 Japanese immigrants. But by far, the largest numbers of the new immigrants were from central, eastern, and southern Europe. An enormous amount of racial and ethnic assimilation has taken place in the United States. In 1908, play-write Israel Zangwill first used the term "melting pot" to describe the concept of a place where many races melted in a crucible and re-formed to populate a new land. Some years during the first two decades of the 20th century, there were as many as one million new immigrants per year, an astonishing 1 percent of the total population of the United States. In 1921, however, the country began to limit immigration, and the Immigration Act of 1924 virtually closed the door. The total number of immigrants admitted per year dropped from as many as a million to only 150,000. A quota system was established that specified the number of immigrants that could come from each country. It heavily favored immigrants from northern and western Europe and severely limited everyone else. This system remained in effect until 1965, although after World War II, several exceptions were made to the quota system to allow in groups of refugees. 28. The word "concept" in line 16 is closest in meaning to (a) location (b) type (c) complexity (d) thought

(d) thought

People of Hispanic origin were on the North American continent centuries before settlers arrived from Europe in the early 1600s and the thirteen colonies joined together to form the United States in the late 1700s. The first census of the new nation was conducted in 1790, and counted about four million people, most of whom were white. Of the white citizens, more than 80% traced their ancestry back to England. There were close to 700,000 slaves and about 60,000 "free Negroes". Only a few Native American Indians who paid taxes were included in the census count, but the total Native American population was probably about one million. By 1815, the population of the United States was 8.4 million. Over the next 100 years, the country took in about 35 million immigrants, with the greatest numbers coming in the late 1800s and early 1900s. In 1882, 40,000 Chinese arrived, and between 1900 and 1907, there were more than 30,000 Japanese immigrants. But by far, the largest numbers of the new immigrants were from central, eastern, and southern Europe. An enormous amount of racial and ethnic assimilation has taken place in the United States. In 1908, play-write Israel Zangwill first used the term "melting pot" to describe the concept of a place where many races melted in a crucible and re-formed to populate a new land. Some years during the first two decades of the 20th century, there were as many as one million new immigrants per year, an astonishing 1 percent of the total population of the United States. In 1921, however, the country began to limit immigration, and the Immigration Act of 1924 virtually closed the door. The total number of immigrants admitted per year dropped from as many as a million to only 150,000. A quota system was established that specified the number of immigrants that could come from each country. It heavily favored immigrants from northern and western Europe and severely limited everyone else. This system remained in effect until 1965, although after World War II, several exceptions were made to the quota system to allow in groups of refugees. 22. Why did the author write the passage? (a) to outline the ways immigration has been restricted (b) to emphasize the impact of migrants from Europe (c) to explain and give examples of the concept of a "melting pot" (d) to summarize the main features of immigration

(d) to summarize the main features of immigration

Food and drink are necessary and desirable, but their abuse can cause serious physical and metal problem. Many physicians believe that overeating is one of the country's main health problems, since it places a great strain on the heart, can lead to diabetes, and often shortens the individual's life span. To fill an emotional void. People often turn to food when they are bored or lonely.Another area of concern is alcohol consumption. The results of alcohol abuse are widely publicized. The social drinker who becomes alcoholic, the drunken driver's contribution to highway death, spousal and child abuse, are all concomitant problems associated with alcohol abuse. 1. As used in the last sentence of this paragraph, the term "concomitant" means?

*Accompanying

The Golden Gate Bridge Linking San Francisco to Marin County in California, the Golden Gate Bridge is one of the most famous bridges in the world. The bridge crosses over a narrow strait which connects the Pacific Ocean to San Francisco Bay. Prior to the bridge, people traveled by ferry boat across the strait. Although most people thought a bridge was necessary to expedite travel, some residents of the bay area felt the risk of building the bridge was too great. Joseph Strauss believed that nothing was impossible, and dreams would never come to fruition if risks weren't taken. So, he decided to gather the best and brightest builders, architects, and workers to embark on the challenge of building a bridge across the Golden Gate Strait. With safety nets in place, the construction began in 1937. Building the anchorages first, the builders then move on to the towers on each end, and then to the three-foot thick cables to support the suspension bridge. Lastly, workers labored to complete the roadway which became the most dangerous and treacherous part of the entire task. The builders had to keep the bridge balance, so it wouldn't fall into the bay. Today, over sixty-five years later, the bridge remains a life-line for the people of the San Francisco Bay Area. 5. What is the first step build?

*Anchorage

*Violence 1. Based on this reading, early research indicates that the relationship between violence in the television and violence on the street?

*Appears Probable

Phobias 3. The passage says that being afraid is normal and good, according to the passage why is having a phobia not normal and good because of phobia?

*Are extreme and unreasonable

*Florence Nightingale*** 2. What happened after completion of her studies?

*Back to London and worked at the hospital

*Factory 1. The information presented in this paragraph?

*Balanced in its approach

*Florence Nightingale*** 5. Why did she have an opportunity as a child?

*Because her family was rich, they had a lot of money

*Facts About the One Dollar Bill 5. We often accidentally wash dollar bills, why is this not a problem?

*Because the dollar bills are made of cotton and linen, so they wash easily.

The Golden Gate Bridge Linking San Francisco to Marin County in California, the Golden Gate Bridge is one of the most famous bridges in the world. The bridge crosses over a narrow strait which connects the Pacific Ocean to San Francisco Bay. Prior to the bridge, people traveled by ferry boat across the strait. Although most people thought a bridge was necessary to expedite travel, some residents of the bay area felt the risk of building the bridge was too great. Joseph Strauss believed that nothing was impossible, and dreams would never come to fruition if risks weren't taken. So, he decided to gather the best and brightest builders, architects, and workers to embark on the challenge of building a bridge across the Golden Gate Strait. With safety nets in place, the construction began in 1937. Building the anchorages first, the builders then move on to the towers on each end, and then to the three-foot thick cables to support the suspension bridge. Lastly, workers labored to complete the roadway which became the most dangerous and treacherous part of the entire task. The builders had to keep the bridge balance, so it wouldn't fall into the bay. Today, over sixty-five years later, the bridge remains a life-line for the people of the San Francisco Bay Area. 4. What is embarking?

*Begin/Start/

*Factory 3. The paragraph states that both labor and management?

*Can benefit from a well-designed factory

*Getting A Goodnight Sleep*** 5. Insomnia affects intellectual abilities because it?

*Causes a deficit in memory, concentration, and attention

*Getting A Goodnight Sleep*** 3. Sleep Apnea causes?

*Chronic Insomnia

*Getting A Goodnight Sleep*** 2. Which is a solution to Insomnia?

*Developing good sleep and herbs and spices

*Homonyms*** 2. What inference can be drawn from the article?

*English is a difficult language to master

*Facts About the One Dollar Bill 4. In the third sentence of the passage, the word minute means?

*Extremely small

Eating Consumption of food is a universal necessity. Different cultures have developed different methods to accomplish the task. It is interesting to discover these differences and learn new ways to do things. European cultures developed cutlery (knives, forks, and spoons) to enable people to efficiently eat their food. Correct use of this tool's changes with the times-what was polite in 1800 may not be considered proper manners today. China developed the chopstick as an efficient tool for eating. Mastery of the use of chopsticks can be difficult for the person not raised in the culture. The attempts of a novice to use chopsticks can be very amusing to the watcher, but frustrating for the hungry diner. Space travel has created new challenges for consuming food. Squeeze bottles and other unique packaging have enabled space travelers to get their needed nutrition. Chopsticks and forks do not work well in space. 5.What statement can be implied from the content of article.

-Diversity is interesting to learn about

Safe Driving 3.What is implied by this paragraph ?

-Government action will not help if individual drivers do not cooperate

Food and drink are necessary and desirable, but their abuse can cause serious physical and metal problem. Many physicians believe that overeating is one of the country's main health problems, since it places a great strain on the heart, can lead to diabetes, and often shortens the individual's life span. To fill an emotional void. People often turn to food when they are bored or lonely. Another area of concern is alcohol consumption. The results of alcohol abuse are widely publicized. The social drinker who becomes alcoholic, the drunken driver's contribution to highway death, spousal and child abuse, are all concomitant problems associated with alcohol abuse. 7. The author seems to

-Oppose drinking alcohol

Eating Consumption of food is a universal necessity. Different cultures have developed different methods to accomplish the task. It is interesting to discover these differences and learn new ways to do things. European cultures developed cutlery (knives, forks, and spoons) to enable people to efficiently eat their food. Correct use of this tool's changes with the times-what was polite in 1800 may not be considered proper manners today. China developed the chopstick as an efficient tool for eating. Mastery of the use of chopsticks can be difficult for the person not raised in the culture. The attempts of a novice to use chopsticks can be very amusing to the watcher, but frustrating for the hungry diner. Space travel has created new challenges for consuming food. Squeeze bottles and other unique packaging have enabled space travelers to get their needed nutrition. Chopsticks and forks do not work well in space. 4.What conclusion can be drawn about the article?

-The author explain differences in eating processes.

Food and drink are necessary and desirable, but their abuse can cause serious physical and metal problem. Many physicians believe that overeating is one of the country's main health problems, since it places a great strain on the heart, can lead to diabetes, and often shortens the individual's life span. To fill an emotional void. People often turn to food when they are bored or lonely. Another area of concern is alcohol consumption. The results of alcohol abuse are widely publicized. The social drinker who becomes alcoholic, the drunken driver's contribution to highway death, spousal and child abuse, are all concomitant problems associated with alcohol abuse. 4. What is implied by this paragraph?

-We should eat and drink in reasonable quantities.

Safe Driving 4.The author seems to think that?

-all cars should be properly inspected

Getting a Good night's sleep 3. Insomnia affects intellectual abilities because it

-causes a deficit in memory, concentration, and attention

Eating Consumption of food is a universal necessity. Different cultures have developed different methods to accomplish the task. It is interesting to discover these differences and learn new ways to do things. European cultures developed cutlery (knives, forks, and spoons) to enable people to efficiently eat their food. Correct use of this tool's changes with the times-what was polite in 1800 may not be considered proper manners today. China developed the chopstick as an efficient tool for eating. Mastery of the use of chopsticks can be difficult for the person not raised in the culture. The attempts of a novice to use chopsticks can be very amusing to the watcher, but frustrating for the hungry diner. Space travel has created new challenges for consuming food. Squeeze bottles and other unique packaging have enabled space travelers to get their needed nutrition. Chopsticks and forks do not work well in space. 7.What statement from this article is correct?

-china developed chop sticks for eating utensils

Getting a Good night's sleep 5. Which is a solution for insomnia?

-developing good sleep habits and taking herbs and spices

Safe Driving 2.What is stated in this paragraph?

-each individuals driving behavior is the key to automobile safety

Safe Driving 5.the authors motive for writing the paragraph seems to have been to?

-get people personally involved with traffic safety

Eating Consumption of food is a universal necessity. Different cultures have developed different methods to accomplish the task. It is interesting to discover these differences and learn new ways to do things. European cultures developed cutlery (knives, forks, and spoons) to enable people to efficiently eat their food. Correct use of this tool's changes with the times-what was polite in 1800 may not be considered proper manners today. China developed the chopstick as an efficient tool for eating. Mastery of the use of chopsticks can be difficult for the person not raised in the culture. The attempts of a novice to use chopsticks can be very amusing to the watcher, but frustrating for the hungry diner. Space travel has created new challenges for consuming food. Squeeze bottles and other unique packaging have enabled space travelers to get their needed nutrition. Chopsticks and forks do not work well in space. 6.What statement from the article draws the conclusion?

-it is interesting to discover new ways to do something

Getting a Good night's sleep 4.What is stated in the passage?

-physical illness can cause chronic insomnia

Eating Consumption of food is a universal necessity. Different cultures have developed different methods to accomplish the task. It is interesting to discover these differences and learn new ways to do things. European cultures developed cutlery (knives, forks, and spoons) to enable people to efficiently eat their food. Correct use of this tool's changes with the times-what was polite in 1800 may not be considered proper manners today. China developed the chopstick as an efficient tool for eating. Mastery of the use of chopsticks can be difficult for the person not raised in the culture. The attempts of a novice to use chopsticks can be very amusing to the watcher, but frustrating for the hungry diner. Space travel has created new challenges for consuming food. Squeeze bottles and other unique packaging have enabled space travelers to get their needed nutrition. Chopsticks and forks do not work well in space. 3.What is the best definition of efficient as used in the third paragraph?

-productive without waste

Safe Driving 1. What is the best meaning of the word advocate as used in the fourth sentence of this paragraph?

-supporter

Getting a Good night's sleep 1.Why the author wrote this passage?

-to explain insomnia& propose some solutions for the condition

A person who has damage to their ulnar nerve will have decreases sensation in

. Arm

. What is the function of the thrombocytes (platelets)?

. Play role in blood clotting

Which organ is part of both the male reproductive system and the urinary system?

. Urethra

What is the response of cells in the collecting tubules in the nephrons when antidiuretic hormone AHD is secreted?

. Water is reabsorbed from the urinary filtrate

skeletal system function

1. protection 2. movement 3. mineral storage 4. production of blood

1 quart =

2 pint 3.94 cup 32 oz 64 tablespoon 192 teaspoon

1 oz

2 tablespoon 6 teaspoon

haploid

23 chromosomes

How many days is the average menstrual cycle?

28 days

1 tablespoon

3 teaspoon

How many carb per gram do carbohydrates contain?

4

1 gallon =

4 quart 8 pint 15.77 cup 128 oz 256 tablespoon 768 teaspoon

Q.I.D

4 times a day.

diploid

46 chromosomes

what is a normal beat

72 bpm 120 over 80

1 cup

8.115 oz 16.23 tablespoon 48.69 teaspoon

Parameter

A characteristic or constant FACTOR, limit. Structure.

Deficit

A deficiency or lack of something.

Supposition

A message expressing an opinion based on incomplete evidence.

Sputum

A mixture of saliva and mucus coughed up from the respiratory tract, typically as a result of infection or other disease.

Tertiary Health Care

A system to return patients to wellness.

Regimen

A systematic plan for therapy.

Proliferation

A rapid increase in number.

Contraindication

A reason something is not advisable or should not be done.

Aggregate

A sum total of many things.

Select the phrase or clause that is misplaced in the sentence. Accompanied by toast, Jake enjoyed his farm-fresh eggs and sweet-tasting grits. A. Accompanied by toast B. Jake enjoyed C. farm-fresh eggs D. sweet-tasting grits

A. Accompanied by toast

Which sentence is grammatically correct? A. Tapping the beat, Ms. Schuster led the chorus in song. B. Ms. Schuster led the chorus in song tapping the beat. C. Ms. Schuster led the chorus, tapping the beat, in song. D. Tapping the beat, the chorus was led in song by Ms. Schuster.

A. Tapping the beat, Ms. Schuster led the chorus in song.

The Game of Bridge The ebb and flow of laughter and silence fills the room as four old friends gather to engage in a round of Bridge playing. For the beginner, Bridge can be complicated, but with time, effort, and a good teacher, even the novice can become proficient. Composed of two main parts, bidding and playing, Bridge requires the player's undivided attention. The dealer deals the entire deck of playing cards evenly between the for players, with each person receiving thirteen cards. In the bidding portion of the game, the four suits of cards in the deck are ranked highest to lowest as follows:spades, hearts, diamonds, and finally clubs. However, during play all the suits of cards are considered equals, and they go from highest to lowest from the ace being high to the two cards being low. The highest number of tricks wins. A trick is one card played by each player for a total of four. After the lead player lays down his/her card, the other players follow suit, if possible. The highest card within the four "same suit" cards played wins the trick and picks up all four cards. If a player cannot follow suit, he/she plays any card, but to make the game more interesting and challenging, one suit is named a trump suit which means that if a player plays a card from the trump suit, it always wins the trick. If two cards from the trump suit are played, the highest card within the trump suit wins the trick. Obviously, the team with the most tricks wins the hand. Questions & Answers 4. The passage explicitly states A. That the highest card within the "trump" suit always wins the trick. B. The Ace card is always the lowest card. C. That there is a pile of leftover" cards that is placed in the middle of the game table. D. that if a player cannot follow suit, she loses her turn to the next player.

A. That the highest card within the "trump" suit always wins the trick.

1. Which of the following sentences is grammatically correct? (misplaced modifier). A. The child's torn shirt was laying on the floor B. The torn child's shirt was laying on the floor C. The child's shirt was laying on the floor torn D. The child's shirt torn was laying on the floor

A. The child's torn shirt was laying on the floor

1. Select the sentence that is grammatically correct? A. The nurse spoke to my sister and I about our mother's condition B. The nurse spoke to my sister and me about our mother's condition C. The nurse spoke to me and my sister about our mother's condition D. The nurse spoke to I and my sister about our mother's condition

A. The nurse spoke to my sister and I about our mother's condition

Select the sentence that is grammatically correct. A. The office of finances had sent him a message reminding him to pay his tuition bill. B. The office of finances send him a message reminding him to pay his tuition bill. C. The office of finances have sent him a message reminding him to pay his tuition bill. D. The office of finances sent him a message reminds him to pay his tuition bill.

A. The office of finances had sent him a message reminding him to pay his tuition bill.

The Water Cycle Water is needed to sustain practically all life functions on planet Earth. A single drop of this compound is composed of an oxygen atom that shares its electrons with each of the two hydrogen atoms. The cycle starts when precipitation, such as rain, snow, sleet, or hail, descends from the sky onto the ground. Water that is not absorbed immediately from the precipitation is known as runoff. The runoff flows across the land and collects in groundwater reservoirs, rivers, streams, and oceans. Evaporation takes place when liquid water changes into water vapor, which is a gas. Water vapor returns to the air from surface water and plants. Ultimately, condensation happens when this water vapor cools and changes back into droplets of liquid. In fact, the puffy, cotton clouds that we observe are formed by condensation. When the clouds become heavily laden with liquid droplets, precipitation ensues. 5. What can the reader conclude from this passage about ponds and lakes? A. They are examples of groundwater reservoirs. B. They are not important in the collection of runoffs. C. They do not play a role in water collection. D. They consist of only water collected through precipitation.

A. They are examples of groundwater reservoirs.

The Water Cycle Water is needed to sustain practically all life functions on planet Earth. A single drop of this compound is composed of an oxygen atom that shares its electrons with each of the two hydrogen atoms. The cycle starts when precipitation, such as rain, snow, sleet, or hail, descends from the sky onto the ground. Water that is not absorbed immediately from the precipitation is known as runoff. The runoff flows across the land and collects in groundwater reservoirs, rivers, streams, and oceans. Evaporation takes place when liquid water changes into water vapor, which is a gas. Water vapor returns to the air from surface water and plants. Ultimately, condensation happens when this water vapor cools and changes back into droplets of liquid. In fact, the puffy, cotton clouds that we observe are formed by condensation. When the clouds become heavily laden with liquid droplets, precipitation ensues. 1. What is the meaning of the word composed in the first paragraph? A. To consist of B. To be uniquely discovered C. To be set apart D. To be surprised

A. To consist of

1. Which word in the following sentence is grammatically incorrect? Dr. Jones, who all the patients like, plays the piano well. A. Who B. Well C. Plays D. Like

A. Who

Select the correct word for the blank in the following sentence. The children and ______ performed a skit for the elderly patients. A. he B. me C. them D. her

A. he

What word is best to substitute for the underlined word in the following sentence? Could Kendra manage to carry both Kendra's books and yours? A. her B. his C. she's D. hers

A. her

Which word is not spelled correctly in the context of the sentence? The ingenuous foxes managed to lever open one side of the coop. A. ingenuous B. foxes C. lever D. coop

A. ingenuous

Select the word that makes this sentence grammatically correct. The committee finished ______ report in time for the annual review. A. its B. their C. it's D. they're

A. its

Which word is not spelled correctly in the context of the sentence? Our mayer made a proclamation declaring that all citizens must recycle. A. mayer B. proclamation C. citizens D. recycle

A. mayer

The Game of Bridge The ebb and flow of laughter and silence fills the room as four old friends gather to engage in a round of Bridge playing. For the beginner, Bridge can be complicated, but with time, effort, and a good teacher, even the novice can become proficient. Composed of two main parts, bidding and playing, Bridge requires the player's undivided attention. The dealer deals the entire deck of playing cards evenly between the for players, with each person receiving thirteen cards. In the bidding portion of the game, the four suits of cards in the deck are ranked highest to lowest as follows:spades, hearts, diamonds, and finally clubs. However, during play all the suits of cards are considered equals, and they go from highest to lowest from the ace being high to the two cards being low. The highest number of tricks wins. A trick is one card played by each player for a total of four. After the lead player lays down his/her card, the other players follow suit, if possible. The highest card within the four "same suit" cards played wins the trick and picks up all four cards. If a player cannot follow suit, he/she plays any card, but to make the game more interesting and challenging, one suit is named a trump suit which means that if a player plays a card from the trump suit, it always wins the trick. If two cards from the trump suit are played, the highest card within the trump suit wins the trick. Obviously, the team with the most tricks wins the hand. Questions & Answers 5. The passage implies that A. playing bridge requires concentration. B. Bridge is an extremely easy game to play C. Bridge is only for older people D. Bridge is only for women

A. playing bridge requires concentration.

Voice What effect does your voice have on others? Does it persuade or irritate, attract or repel? One of the worst qualities is harshness. If you ever get the feeling that people are uncomfortable when you speak, it may be that your harsh tones are jarring their eardrums. Your voice will sound unpleasant if it is shrill, grating, hard, piercing, brassy, to loud, or too nasal. Harsh voice qualities usually come from too much tension in the throat and jaw. Tension tightens muscles and blocks the relaxed voice tones essential to a pleasing impression. Because tension occurs in higher pitched voices, women tend to have shriller voices than men, which usually makes them less desirable public speakers, newscasters, or political candidates. 4. The author seems to: A. prefer low pitched tones B. be an experienced public speaker C. prefer shrill, grating, and brassy voice D. have no reactions to different voices.

A. prefer low pitched tones

Which word is used incorrectly in the following sentence? The doctor's spear of influence includes most people working in the disciplines of neurology and pain management. A. spear B. influence C. disciplines D. management

A. spear

Select the word or phrase that will make the sentence grammatically correct. Do not be afraid to consult ______ your peers. A. with B. from C. by D. in

A. with

distal convoluted tubule works with hormone

ADH

Which hormone is produced by the posterior pituitary gland?

ADH and OT

25. Which term is used to describe movement of the arms and legs away from midline of the body?

Abduction

Empathy

Ability to share what others are feeling; understanding the feelings of another.

Audible

Able to be heard. (EX: The respiratory therapist noted the patient's audible wheezing as a symptom of the patient's asthma.

Painful

Aching. (Sore, throbbing with pain).

Untoward

Adverse, negative.

Preexisting

Already present.

Volume

Amount of space occupied by a fluid.

Symptom

An indication of a problem.

Manifestation

An indication or sign of a condition.

Euphemism

An inoffensive expression that is substituted for one that is considered offensive. "Im sorry, but your father passed away."

Cavity

An opening or an empty area.

Spinster

An unmarried woman.

1. The Patient: A 7-year-old child. The Situation: A nurse arrives with an injection containing preoperative sedation that must be given to the child now. The child asks the nurse if the shot will hurt. The Question: What response should the nurse offer to this child?

Answer - "Yes, but it won't last very long and soon you will be sleepy"

1. The Patient: A 19-year-old male who has previously been healthy. The Situation: The patient complains that he is losing weight despite "eating all the time." The Question: Considering this patient's age and complaint, which diagnostic test is likely to provide the most important information?

Answer - A fingerstick for blood sugar level.

1. The Patient: A 45-year-old female who is 5' 2" tall, weighs 200 pounds, and has smoked since age 21. The Situation: The patient comes to the clinic with a complaint of "leg pain." The Question: It is most important for the nurse to obtain information about which previous occurrence?

Answer - A previous blood clot in the leg.

1. The Patient: A 41-year-old male. The Situation: The patient is complaining of severe stomach pain and states that he has been "vomiting all the time." The Question: What should the nurse do first?

Answer - Administer a prescribed pain medication.

1. The Patient: The wife of a wealthy owner of the town's bank. The Situation: The patient and her husband arrive on the unit. While orienting the patient to the hospital room, the nurse notices that the patient has placed a large amount of cash and some expensive earrings in the drawer of the bedside table. The Question: What is the best action for the nurse to take?

Answer - Advise the patient to have her husband take the items home when he leaves.

1. The Patient: An older confused male. The Situation: At 3 a.m. the patient, who thinks he is in the bathroom, defecates in the bed. The bed needs to be changed. However, there are no bed sheets on the nursing unit. The Question: What action should the nurse take first?

Answer - Ask a nursing assistant to go to another unit and borrow linen

1. The Patient: A 75-year-old male. The Situation: The family brings the patient to the emergency room because they witnessed him have a seizure. The patient is hallucinating, and loudly cries out to the nurse, "Get those dogs out of here!" The nurse places the patient in a cubicle where he can be seen from the nurse's station. The Question: What action would be best for the nurse to take?

Answer - Ask the family to remain with the patient.

1. The Patient: A 55-year-old female with a family history of hypertension. The Situation: The patient is concerned about her health and states, "I have had severe headaches for the last six months. I think I might have high blood pressure." The nurse determines that the woman's blood pressure is 138/86 (high normal). The Question: What action would be best for the nurse to take?

Answer - Ask the patient about the frequency, timing and quality of her headaches

1. The Patient: A 54-year-old male who weighs 275 pounds. He is 5' 10" tall and has many family members who have died of heart disease. The Situation: He comes to the clinic stating that he has had several episodes of "chest pain" in the last week. The Question: What is the most important action for the nurse to take?

Answer - Ask the patient to describe the chest pain

1. The Patient: An elderly confused female in a semi-private room on a hospital medical unit. The Situation: The patient is yelling loudly at 3:30a.m. and awakens her roommate, who calls the nurse for assistance. The Question: What should the nurse do first in this situation?

Answer - Assess the confused patient for causes of her behaviour.

1. The Patient: An 80 year-old male who has used continuous oxygen for the past three years. The Situation: While making a home visit, the wife tells the nurse that her husband was doing well on 2 litres of oxygen per minute until late last night when he developed severe shortness of breath on the way to the bathroom. The Question: What action should the nurse take first?

Answer - Assess the patient's oxygen saturation by pulse oximeter.

1. The Patient: A 75-year-old male who had a heart attack four years ago. The Situation: The patient tells the nurse, "Even though I stopped smoking 10 years ago, I have a terrible cough." The Question: What action should the nurse take first?

Answer - Auscultate all lung fields

1. The Patient: A 25-year-old female who has smoked since age 12. The Situation: The patient is complaining of "skipped heart beats." The Question: Which instruction is most important for the nurse to provide this patient?

Answer - Call for assistance if she feels weak or dizzy when getting out of bed.

1. The Patient: A 29-year-old male. The Situation: A lower leg cast was applied yesterday to a fractured leg. Today the patient tells the nurse that he is in "terrible pain." The Question: Which action is most important for the nurse to take?

Answer - Check the patient's toes for adequate circulation.

1. The Patient: A 70-year-old male who is relatively healthy. The Situation: A liquid mediation is prescribed for this patient. The Question: Prior to administering the prescribed medication, what intervention has the highest priority?

Answer - Determine if the patient is allergic to the medication.

1. The Patient: A 65-year- old male. The Situation: The family brings the patient to the emergency room because he just took an entire bottle of pills. The Question: What action should the nurse take first?

Answer - Determine the patient's level of consciousness.

1. The Patient: A frail 88-year-old male who has recently become slightly confused. The Situation: The nurse is making a home visit and assesses the safety features of the home environment. The Question: Which suggestion would be most important for the nurse to provide the family?

Answer - Eliminate any throw rugs from floor

1. The Patient: A 35-year-old female. The Situation: The patient is admitted with a diagnosis of abdominal pain and diarrhea. The Question: Which action should the nurse take first?

Answer - Initiate Intravenous fluids.

1. The Patient: A 35-year-old female with a history of asthma. The Situation: The patient has been using a steroid inhaler because she is short of breath. However, she states that her shortness of breath is "no better." The Question: What is the most important information for the nurse to obtain?

Answer - Method of using the inhaler.

1. The Patient: A 70-year-old man dying of prostate cancer. The Situation: Nurse "A," who is charge of a medical unit, notices that a dying patient continues to moan in pain after receiving intravenous injections of morphins whenever Nurse "B" is caring for him. Nurse "A" suspects that Nurse "B" may be diluting the patient's dose and taking the morphine to feed an addiction. The Question: What should Nurse "A" do in this situation?

Answer - Notify the shift supervisor and unit director of the circumstances before taking action

1. The Patient: An adult with diabetes mellitus who was just given a morning does of insulin which lowers the blood sugar. The Situation: The patient's breakfast tray arrives, and the nurse notices that the pancake syrup and sugar packets have not been substituted with products containing artificial sweeteners. The Question: What should the nurse do first in this situation?

Answer - Remove foods containing sugar and offer sugar substitutes.

1. The Patient: An elderly female accompanied by her middle-aged son. The Situation: The patient is being discharged after 15-day stay on the medical unit, and the son offers the nurse a box of candy as a gesture of thanks for caring for his mother. The Question: What should the nurse do in response to the offer of this gift?

Answer - Sincerely thank the son, and share the candy with all staff member on the unit.

1. The Patient: A 61-year-old female. The Situation: The patient has a fever of unknown origin. The nurse administered a fever-reducing medication 30 minutes ago. At this time there has been no decrease in the patient's fever. The Question: What action would be best for the nurse to take?

Answer - Sponge the patient with cool water.

1. The Patient: A terminally ill male. The Situation: Nurse "A" and an unidentified woman ride the elevator to the fifth floor, Nurse "B" joins them on the elevator and exclaims that a code has just been called on a male patient on the fifth floor, and he is not expected to live. The Question: What should Nurse "A" do in this situation?

Answer - Tell Nurse B stop discussing the client's situation in a public place.

1. The Patients: 1. A 42-year-old with diabetes who is blind and is asking to get up and moved to a chair. 2. An 88-year-old with lower body paralysis who wants to be turned in bed. 3. A 17-year-old with asthma who smokes and has been in the bathroom for 30 minutes. 4. A 55-year-old with cardiac disease who tells the nurse, "Get the TV fixed or I am leaving this place." The Situation: The nurse is caring for these four patients. The Question: Which patient should the nurse see first?

Answer - The 17-year old with asthma who may be smoking in the bathroom.

1. The Patients: 1. A 13-year-old female with a kidney infection who reports that there is "lots of blood" in her urine. 2. An 18-year-old male with acute alcohol poisoning who is seeing "bugs on the walls." 3. A 21-year-old female with inflammatory bowel disease who has soaked a dressing three hours after surgery. 4. A 25-year old male who is sobbing in his room after being told that he has testicular cancer. The Situation: The nurse is caring for these four patients. The Question: Who should the nurse see first?

Answer - The 21-years old who is three hours postoperative and has a soaked dressing.

1. The Patients: 1. A 63-year-old with a burn on the left lower leg who is complaining of pain. 2. A 45-year-old with pneumonia, complaining of shortness of breath. 3. A 31-year-old with abdominal pain who has just vomited blood. 4. An 88-year-old who has right-sided paralysis and wants to be helped to the bathroom immediately. The Situation: The nurse is caring for these patients. The Question: Who should the nurse see first?

Answer - The 45-years old with pneumonia and shortness of breath.

1. The Patient: A 51-year-old male. The Situation: The patient is pale, has dark circles under his eyes, and responds to questions with a soft, low voice. He tells the nurse that he has not slept well for months, but denies any type of pain. The Question: What information is most important for the nurse to obtain?

Answer - The existence of a significant life in the last year that has caused anxiety

1. The Patient: A 25-year-old female hospitalized for anorexia. The Situation: The charge nurse denies the patient permission to pass dinner trays. The Question: What is the most important reason for the nurse to deny this anorexic patient permission to pass the dinner trays?

Answer - Treatment protocol for anorexics mandates that they avoid preoccupation with food

1. The Patient: A fifty-eight-year-old female. The Situation: While the nurse is offering the patient her morning medications, she tells the nurse that she does not recall ever taking a pill that was pink-colored. The Question: What should the nurse do in response to this patient's comment?

Answer - Withhold the mediation until the patient's prescription is verify.

Which of the following words is spelled correctly? A. Prefferential B. Preferential C. Preferencial D. Preferrencial

B. Preferential

What punctuation is needed in this sentence to make it correct? Have you finished reading the lab results so we can schedule an appointment with the patient A. Period B. Question mark C. Comma D. Semicolon

B. Question mark

Which sentence is written correctly? A. Rebecca has read that novel twenty times, astonishingly, she still finds it entertaining. B. Rebecca has that novel twenty times; astonishingly, she still finds it entertaining. C. Rebecca has read that novel twenty times astonishingly; she still finds it entertaining. D. Rebecca has read that novel twenty times, astonishingly she still finds it entertaining

B. Rebecca has that novel twenty times; astonishingly, she still finds it entertaining.

Which sentence is clearest? A. The was hot and made of tomatoes; Dan burned his tongue and gulped some cold water. B. After burning his tongue on the the hot tomato soup, Dan gulped some cold water. C. Dan gulped some cold water when the tomato soup that was hot burned his tongue. D. Gulping some cold water, Dan burned his tongue on the hot tomato soup.

B. After burning his tongue on the the hot tomato soup, Dan gulped some cold water.

The Game of Bridge The ebb and flow of laughter and silence fills the room as four old friends gather to engage in a round of Bridge playing. For the beginner, Bridge can be complicated, but with time, effort, and a good teacher, even the novice can become proficient. Composed of two main parts, bidding and playing, Bridge requires the player's undivided attention. The dealer deals the entire deck of playing cards evenly between the for players, with each person receiving thirteen cards. In the bidding portion of the game, the four suits of cards in the deck are ranked highest to lowest as follows:spades, hearts, diamonds, and finally clubs. However, during play all the suits of cards are considered equals, and they go from highest to lowest from the ace being high to the two cards being low. The highest number of tricks wins. A trick is one card played by each player for a total of four. After the lead player lays down his/her card, the other players follow suit, if possible. The highest card within the four "same suit" cards played wins the trick and picks up all four cards. If a player cannot follow suit, he/she plays any card, but to make the game more interesting and challenging, one suit is named a trump suit which means that if a player plays a card from the trump suit, it always wins the trick. If two cards from the trump suit are played, the highest card within the trump suit wins the trick. Obviously, the team with the most tricks wins the hand. Questions & Answers 2. Throughout this passage the word suit means A. A set of clothing to be worn together B. Any of the four sets into which a deck of cards is divided. C. to be convenient or right for D. To request or appeal persistently

B. Any of the four sets into which a deck of cards is divided.

1. The student sang well, but she danced ____ A. Bad B. Badly C. Poor D. Poorer

B. Badly

1. Which word in the following sentence is a conjunction? The little girl wanted a cookie, but she didn't take one. A. Little B. But C. Take D. The

B. But

What punctuation is needed in this sentence to make it correct? Courtney ran around the track and her roommates kept trace of her time. A. Period B. Comma C. Colon D. Apostrophe

B. Comma

1. Select the word or phrase in the sentence that is not used correctly: The data confirms that the patient is suffering from extreme anxiety, and a tranquilizing medication is immediately required. A. Extreme anxiety B. Confirms C. Is D. Immediately

B. Confirms

Voice What effect does your voice have on others? Does it persuade or irritate, attract or repel? One of the worst qualities is harshness. If you ever get the feeling that people are uncomfortable when you speak, it may be that your harsh tones are jarring their eardrums. Your voice will sound unpleasant if it is shrill, grating, hard, piercing, brassy, to loud, or too nasal. Harsh voice qualities usually come from too much tension in the throat and jaw. Tension tightens muscles and blocks the relaxed voice tones essential to a pleasing impression. Because tension occurs in higher pitched voices, women tend to have shriller voices than men, which usually makes them less desirable public speakers, newscasters, or political candidates. 1. Which statement from the selection presents a fact rather than an opinion? A. One of the worst voice qualities is harshness. B. Harsh voice qualities usually come from too much tension in the throat and jaw. C. Your voice will sound unpleasant if it is shrill, grating, hard, piercing, brassy, too loud, or too nasal. D. Because tension occurs in higher pitched voices, women tend to have shriller voices than men, which usually makes them less desirable public speaker, newscasters, or political candidates.

B. Harsh voice qualities usually come from too much tension in the throat and jaw.

1. Which of the following sentences is grammatically incorrect? A. He performed well on the test B. He performed good on the test C. He performed poorly on the test D. He performed adequately on the test

B. He performed good on the test

1. What is the best description for the word "therapeutic" A. Understanding B. Remedial C. Palliative D. Concurrent

B. Remedial

What punctuation is needed in this sentence to make it correct? Dr. Abrams came here from England he has only been in Delaware for one year. A. Comma B. Semicolon C. Colon D. Hyphen

B. Semicolon

The Water Cycle Water is needed to sustain practically all life functions on planet Earth. A single drop of this compound is composed of an oxygen atom that shares its electrons with each of the two hydrogen atoms. The cycle starts when precipitation, such as rain, snow, sleet, or hail, descends from the sky onto the ground. Water that is not absorbed immediately from the precipitation is known as runoff. The runoff flows across the land and collects in groundwater reservoirs, rivers, streams, and oceans. Evaporation takes place when liquid water changes into water vapor, which is a gas. Water vapor returns to the air from surface water and plants. Ultimately, condensation happens when this water vapor cools and changes back into droplets of liquid. In fact, the puffy, cotton clouds that we observe are formed by condensation. When the clouds become heavily laden with liquid droplets, precipitation ensues. 6. Knowing that the cooling of water vapor results in condensation, one could conclude that _______ is/are a factor in the evaporation process. A. Humidity B. Heat C. Electrons D. Runoff

B. Heat

What punctuation is needed to make this sentence correct? Jacob was delighted to be bumped up to the first class cabin on the overseas flight. A. Comma B. Hyphen C. Dash D. Apostrophe

B. Hyphen

Exams Subjective exams measure your ability in several areas. Besides recall information, you must be able to realize content logically and intelligently express yourself in a clearly understood manner. Subjective test provide opportunity for students to show their broad knowledge of a subjective area. Answers may be in the form of paragraphs or lengthy essays. When your review for an essay exam, concentrate on main ideas rather than details. Since essay tests are less to a few questions, they are likely to deal with more important ideas of a subject. Prepare a list of question you think might be asked. Write an answer to each of your questions. Rather than writing complete sentence down your thoughts in outline form. Doing so will help you organize the information so that you can express yourself clearly. When you take the test, read through all the questions before you start to write. Allot time for each question, spending more time for questions worth the most points. Read each question carefully to determine exactly what they are asked. Pay attention to words such as define, illustrate, explain, list, compare, and contrast. Each work requires a different type of response. Write a brief outline of your answer on scrap paper or the back of the test. Make sure you include all the important ideas that are within the limits of the question. In other words, do not write more than is asked for each answer. When you write your answer, keep it specific and as brief as possible. In the introductory sentence it is often helpful to make a general statement that includes important points addressed in each question. Such a topic sentence serves as a framework for your answer. Then use your outline to develop the main point and subtopics. Add substance to your answer by including as many facts as possible to support your answer. Check your paper before you submit it. Look for mistakes in grammar, spelling, sentence structure, and punctuation. Unless you are certain an answer is wrong, do not change it. Your answer is an educated guess and is usually your best chance of answering correctly. 5. In answering subjective questions, the student should, A. Include more than is asked B. Keep it brief and specific C. Write out the words-true or false D. Capitalize the matching letters

B. Keep it brief and specific

Which sentence is written correctly? A. Maria has an unusual background, she started off as a student of geology. B. Maria has an unusual background; she started off as a student of geology. C. Maria has an unusual background she started off as a student of geology. D. Maria has an unusual background: she started off as a student of geology.

B. Maria has an unusual background; she started off as a student of geology.

THE WHITE ELEPHANT Centuries ago, in the country of Siam, now known as Thailand, it was the custom of the rulers that displeased them by giving the offender a white elephant. Because the animal was could not be made to work as other elephants did, but still had to be fed hundreds of pounds of fruit and cared for in the most lavish style. The recipient could not give the elephant to anyone else, as it was the ruler, who would be greatly displeased should the recipient not receive the gift graciously or care for in a grand style. This monetary burden could be a major liability to the recipient and in many cases they became impoverished. This is the origin of the term "white elephant" as it is used today to denote an unwanted gift. The way of gift exchange played during the holiday season is an offshoot of this. In this game, everyone brings, and the gifts are exchanged by drawing numbers and picking a gift in turn. The second person can choose or steal the first one. It is all in good fun, and people enjoy giving silly gifts and "stealing" someone else. 1. How did the people regard a white elephant? A. If a village elder received a white elephant, the entire village shared in the supply of meat. B. People tried very hard not to offend the king, so they would not receive a white elephant C. White elephants were highly prized as they were very hard workers in the cane fields. D. The people of Siam vied for the honor of receiving the king's gift or a white elephant.

B. People tried very hard not to offend the king, so they would not receive a white elephant

TESLA Croatian-born inventor Nikola Tesla is often called the "forgotten scientist". Although he invented the alternating current (AC) motor and developed an AC electricity generation system, he never received historical credit for many of his achievements, unlike one of his first employer and eventual nemesis, inventor Thomas Edison Tesla made the first sketches of his idea for a brushless of his idea for a brushless AC motor while he was a student at the University of Prague in 1882. His interest in electricity generation led him to Paris where he was employed by the Continental Edison Company later that year to repair Edison's direct current (DC) power plants. Two years later, Tesla immigrated to New York City and acquired a job as an engineer at Thomas Edison's headquarters in Manhattan. Edison was impressed with Tesla's work ethic and ingenuity. He challenged the young scientist to develop an improved design for his DC generators for $50,000. Tesla experimented for months, finally presenting Edison with the solution he needed. Edison reneged on the deal, telling Tesla that he didn't understand American humor. Tesla soon left Edison in order to begin his own electric light company Tesla filed and was granted more than 30 patents for his inventions in 1887 and 1888. He soon had financial backing for his ideas from one of Edison' main competitors, Westinghouse. In the 1890's Tesla experimented with x-rays, developed a high-voltage electrical transformer call the Tesla coil, and demonstrated the propagation of radio waves two years before the "Father of Radio" Guglielmo Marconi. He was also the first to harness the mammoth potential energy of Niagara Falls. He worked with General Electric to install AC generators with turbines driven by the falling waters of the Niagara River, creating the first modern power plant although a brilliant scientist, Tesla was not an astute businessman. He created his own obscurity by relinquishing royalty rights for his inventions to major corporations for the purpose of raising funds for future projects. 3. What is the meaning of the word "astute" in the last paragraph? A. Unwise B. Shrewd C. Reckless D. Honest

B. Shrewd

Which sentence is written correctly? A. Since completing the technical course Jasper has had several offers. B. Since completing the technical course, Jasper has had several offers. C. Since completing, the technical course, Jasper has had several offers. D. Since completing the technical course; Jasper has had several offers.

B. Since completing the technical course, Jasper has had several offers.

1. In what appeared to be a paroxysmal reaction, the medication only seemed to make the patient's spasms worse. A. Unprecedented B. Sudden C. Ironic D. Curved

B. Sudden

1. Select the best word for the blank in the following sentence: I will___ that chart to the patient's room later today. A. Bring B. Take C. Brought D. Took

B. Take

The Electoral College has nothing to do with college and contains no students. The Electoral College consists of votes that each state acquires based on the number of representatives it has in Congress. Each state has two electoral votes because each state has two senators. The remaining electoral votes are determined by the number of Congressmen, the number of which is based on the population of the state established by the Census taken each decade. During the presidential election, most states cast all their electoral votes for the candidate who wins the popular vote in that state. It's all very confusing, but the founding fathers know what they were doing. By having and using the Electoral College candidates' campaign in every state, but just because they win the popular vote across the country doesn't mean they will always win the election. Case in point, in election 2000, Al Gore won the popular vote across the country, but George W. Bush won more electoral votes. Therefore, he became our 43rd president. 2. The author's reason for writing this piece seems to be to A. Inform the reader B. Teach the reader C. Persuade the reader D. Entertain the reader

B. Teach the reader

Exams Subjective exams measure your ability in several areas. Besides recall information, you must be able to realize content logically and intelligently express yourself in a clearly understood manner. Subjective test provide opportunity for students to show their broad knowledge of a subjective area. Answers may be in the form of paragraphs or lengthy essays. When your review for an essay exam, concentrate on main ideas rather than details. Since essay tests are less to a few questions, they are likely to deal with more important ideas of a subject. Prepare a list of question you think might be asked. Write an answer to each of your questions. Rather than writing complete sentence down your thoughts in outline form. Doing so will help you organize the information so that you can express yourself clearly. When you take the test, read through all the questions before you start to write. Allot time for each question, spending more time for questions worth the most points. Read each question carefully to determine exactly what they are asked. Pay attention to words such as define, illustrate, explain, list, compare, and contrast. Each work requires a different type of response. Write a brief outline of your answer on scrap paper or the back of the test. Make sure you include all the important ideas that are within the limits of the question. In other words, do not write more than is asked for each answer. When you write your answer, keep it specific and as brief as possible. In the introductory sentence it is often helpful to make a general statement that includes important points addressed in each question. Such a topic sentence serves as a framework for your answer. Then use your outline to develop the main point and subtopics. Add substance to your answer by including as many facts as possible to support your answer. Check your paper before you submit it. Look for mistakes in grammar, spelling, sentence structure, and punctuation. Unless you are certain an answer is wrong, do not change it. Your answer is an educated guess and is usually your best chance of answering correctly. 6. When taking an exam, you should divide your time A. Into three or four short segments B. To allow more time for the difficult questions C. Equally between all questions D. So that you have time to check and change answers

B. To allow more time for the difficult questions

1. Which of the following sentences is grammatically correct? A. Walking home from class, the students watched the snow begin to fall. B. Walking home from class, the snow began falling on the students C. Walking home from class, snow fell on the students. D. Walking home from class, the students watched the snow fell.

B. Walking home from class, the snow began falling on the students

1. Not only the students but also the professor___ stunned by the test results. A. Was B. Were C. Are D. Be

B. Were

Select the word or phrase that makes this sentence grammatically correct. There is a fountain _______ the driveway and the main entrance. A. among B. between C. by way of D. in conjunction with

B. between

Which word is used incorrectly in the following sentence? After rapidly consume that enormous meal, he felt a bit dyspeptic. A. rapidly B. consume C. felt D. dyspeptic

B. consume

Which word is used incorrectly in the following sentence? Jeremiah seemed enthusiastically when we reported on our astonishing success. A. seemed B. enthusiastically C. astonishing D. success

B. enthusiastically

Exams Subjective exams measure your ability in several areas. Besides recall information, you must be able to realize content logically and intelligently express yourself in a clearly understood manner. Subjective test provide opportunity for students to show their broad knowledge of a subjective area. Answers may be in the form of paragraphs or lengthy essays. When your review for an essay exam, concentrate on main ideas rather than details. Since essay tests are less to a few questions, they are likely to deal with more important ideas of a subject. Prepare a list of question you think might be asked. Write an answer to each of your questions. Rather than writing complete sentence down your thoughts in outline form. Doing so will help you organize the information so that you can express yourself clearly. When you take the test, read through all the questions before you start to write. Allot time for each question, spending more time for questions worth the most points. Read each question carefully to determine exactly what they are asked. Pay attention to words such as define, illustrate, explain, list, compare, and contrast. Each work requires a different type of response. Write a brief outline of your answer on scrap paper or the back of the test. Make sure you include all the important ideas that are within the limits of the question. In other words, do not write more than is asked for each answer. When you write your answer, keep it specific and as brief as possible. In the introductory sentence it is often helpful to make a general statement that includes important points addressed in each question. Such a topic sentence serves as a framework for your answer. Then use your outline to develop the main point and subtopics. Add substance to your answer by including as many facts as possible to support your answer. Check your paper before you submit it. Look for mistakes in grammar, spelling, sentence structure, and punctuation. Unless you are certain an answer is wrong, do not change it. Your answer is an educated guess and is usually your best chance of answering correctly. 4. Compared to objective exams, subjective tests contain A. more questions. C. harder questions B. fewer questions D. no good answers

B. fewer questions

Select the word that makes this sentence grammatically correct. After _______ the course, the nursing students will take a short practicum. A. finished B. finishing C. having finish D. will finish

B. finishing

Which word is used incorrectly in the following sentence? The professor was formally an intern in this very hospital back in the 1980s. A. professor B. formally C. intern D. very

B. formally

Select the phrase that will make this sentence grammatically correct. When the lecture was over, two students ______. A. raise their hands to ask questions B. raised their hands to ask questions C. have raised their hands to ask questions D. are raising their hands to ask questions

B. raised their hands to ask questions

Which word is used incorrectly in the following sentence? Moving stealthy, the sneaky little boy reached up for the cookie jar on the topmost shelf. A. stealthy B. sneaky C. up D. topmost

B. sneaky

Select the word that makes this sentence grammatically correct. One out of the four doctors ______ to this plan. A. subscribe B. subscribes C. subscribing D. are subscribed

B. subscribes

Halitosis

Bad breath.

Equilibrium

Balance.

Symmetric (symmetrical)

Being equal or the same in size, shape, and relative position.

Ethereal

Being extremely delicate or refined, ghostly, or eerie.

Ubiquitous

Being or seeming to be everywhere at once.

Flexion

Bending a joint. "FLEXING YOUR ARM"

Legacy

Bequest or relic.

What occurs when the sympathetic nervous system is stimulation is increased?

Blood pressure rises, goose bumps

Barrage

Bombardment, onslaught. (continuous attack). "This staph disease is so barrage, I keep getting butt pimples."

Ligaments provides with connection?

Bone to bone

Concise

Brief, to the point.

What part of the respiratory system is I the upper respiratory?

Bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli

Select the word or phrase that will make the sentence grammatically correct. Jennifer must ______ been confused by the complicated directions. A. of B. had C. have D. be

C. have

Which word is used incorrectly in the following sentence? He received an oral dose initial, followed by and IV drip. A. received B. dose C. initial D. followed

C. initial

Which of the following produce progesterone to prepare the uterus for pregnancy?

Corpus luteum

The Game of Bridge The ebb and flow of laughter and silence fills the room as four old friends gather to engage in a round of Bridge playing. For the beginner, Bridge can be complicated, but with time, effort, and a good teacher, even the novice can become proficient. Composed of two main parts, bidding and playing, Bridge requires the player's undivided attention. The dealer deals the entire deck of playing cards evenly between the for players, with each person receiving thirteen cards. In the bidding portion of the game, the four suits of cards in the deck are ranked highest to lowest as follows:spades, hearts, diamonds, and finally clubs. However, during play all the suits of cards are considered equals, and they go from highest to lowest from the ace being high to the two cards being low. The highest number of tricks wins. A trick is one card played by each player for a total of four. After the lead player lays down his/her card, the other players follow suit, if possible. The highest card within the four "same suit" cards played wins the trick and picks up all four cards. If a player cannot follow suit, he/she plays any card, but to make the game more interesting and challenging, one suit is named a trump suit which means that if a player plays a card from the trump suit, it always wins the trick. If two cards from the trump suit are played, the highest card within the trump suit wins the trick. Obviously, the team with the most tricks wins the hand. Questions & Answers 3. In the passage, a trick is described as A. A special look given to your partner across the table B. A book that gives strategies on how to win a Bridge. C. A collection of one card played by each of four players. D. A specific card the dealer gives to the person to her right.

C. A collection of one card played by each of four players.

THE WHITE ELEPHANT Centuries ago, in the country of Siam, now known as Thailand, it was the custom of the rulers that displeased them by giving the offender a white elephant. Because the animal was could not be made to work as other elephants did, but still had to be fed hundreds of pounds of fruit and cared for in the most lavish style. The recipient could not give the elephant to anyone else, as it was the ruler, who would be greatly displeased should the recipient not receive the gift graciously or care for in a grand style. This monetary burden could be a major liability to the recipient and in many cases they became impoverished. This is the origin of the term "white elephant" as it is used today to denote an unwanted gift. The way of gift exchange played during the holiday season is an offshoot of this. In this game, everyone brings, and the gifts are exchanged by drawing numbers and picking a gift in turn. The second person can choose or steal the first one. It is all in good fun, and people enjoy giving silly gifts and "stealing" someone else. 2. Where is Thailand" A. Africa B. Europe C. Asia D. South America

C. Asia

1. What word is used incorrectly in this sentence? The six students in the class discussed the test results between themselves A. Discussed B. Results C. Between D. Themselves

C. Between

1. Which word from the following sentence is a noun? The bird flew across the blue sky. A. Across B. Flew C. Bird D. Blue

C. Bird

What punctuation is needed in this sentence to make it correct? Mrs. Alvarez showed us three possibilities for the anteroom walls flowered wallpaper, striped wallpaper, or stippled paint. A. Comma B. Semicolon C. Colon D. Hyphen

C. Colon

What punctuation is needed in this sentence to make it correct? Although we had met earlier the busy doctor could not recall my name. A. Period B. Question mark C. Comma D. Semicolon

C. Comma

Which sentence is the clearest? A. The geese were flying south in a V formation with hikers on the mountain spotting them. B. As the geese flew south, hikers were on the mountain, spotting the geese in a V formation. C. Hikers on the mountain spotted geese flying south in a V formation. D. In a V formation, geese flying south spotted hikers on the mountain.

C. Hikers on the mountain spotted geese flying south in a V formation.

1. The pack of wolves____running through the forest A. Are B. Were C. Is D. Be

C. Is

TESLA Croatian-born inventor Nikola Tesla is often called the "forgotten scientist". Although he invented the alternating current (AC) motor and developed an AC electricity generation system, he never received historical credit for many of his achievements, unlike one of his first employer and eventual nemesis, inventor Thomas Edison Tesla made the first sketches of his idea for a brushless of his idea for a brushless AC motor while he was a student at the University of Prague in 1882. His interest in electricity generation led him to Paris where he was employed by the Continental Edison Company later that year to repair Edison's direct current (DC) power plants. Two years later, Tesla immigrated to New York City and acquired a job as an engineer at Thomas Edison's headquarters in Manhattan. Edison was impressed with Tesla's work ethic and ingenuity. He challenged the young scientist to develop an improved design for his DC generators for $50,000. Tesla experimented for months, finally presenting Edison with the solution he needed. Edison reneged on the deal, telling Tesla that he didn't understand American humor. Tesla soon left Edison in order to begin his own electric light company Tesla filed and was granted more than 30 patents for his inventions in 1887 and 1888. He soon had financial backing for his ideas from one of Edison' main competitors, Westinghouse. In the 1890's Tesla experimented with x-rays, developed a high-voltage electrical transformer call the Tesla coil, and demonstrated the propagation of radio waves two years before the "Father of Radio" Guglielmo Marconi. He was also the first to harness the mammoth potential energy of Niagara Falls. He worked with General Electric to install AC generators with turbines driven by the falling waters of the Niagara River, creating the first modern power plant although a brilliant scientist, Tesla was not an astute businessman. He created his own obscurity by relinquishing royalty rights for his inventions to major corporations for the purpose of raising funds for future projects. What did Tesla accomplish while attending the University of Prague? A. Improved the design for Edison's DC generators. B. Made repairs to Edison's direct current power plants. C. Made designs for a brushless alternating current motor D. Developed a high-voltage electrical transformer.

C. Made designs for a brushless alternating current motor

Which word is spelled correctly? A. Noticable B. Notisable C. Noticeable D. Noticeabel

C. Noticeable

what are the two functions of the male and female sex organs?

C. Production of gametes and production of hormones

Eating Consumption of food is a universal necessity. Different cultures have developed different methods to accomplish the task. It is interesting to discover these differences and learn new ways to do things. European cultures developed cutlery (knives, forks, and spoons) to enable people to efficiently eat their food. Correct use of this tool's changes with the times-what was polite in 1800 may not be considered proper manners today. China developed the chopstick as an efficient tool for eating. Mastery of the use of chopsticks can be difficult for the person not raised in the culture. The attempts of a novice to use chopsticks can be very amusing to the watcher, but frustrating for the hungry diner. Space travel has created new challenges for consuming food. Squeeze bottles and other unique packaging have enabled space travelers to get their needed nutrition. Chopsticks and forks do not work well in space. 1.What conclusion can be drawn about the article? A. The author think chopstick are funny B. The best way to eat food is with cutlery C. The author explains differences in eating processes. D. Space flight is fun and exciting.

C. The author explains differences in eating processes.

Eating Consumption of food is a universal necessity. Different cultures have developed different methods to accomplish the task. It is interesting to discover these differences and learn new ways to do things. European cultures developed cutlery (knives, forks, and spoons) to enable people to efficiently eat their food. Correct use of this tool's changes with the times-what was polite in 1800 may not be considered proper manners today. China developed the chopstick as an efficient tool for eating. Mastery of the use of chopsticks can be difficult for the person not raised in the culture. The attempts of a novice to use chopsticks can be very amusing to the watcher, but frustrating for the hungry diner. Space travel has created new challenges for consuming food. Squeeze bottles and other unique packaging have enabled space travelers to get their needed nutrition. Chopsticks and forks do not work well in space. 2.What statement can be implied from the content of article? A. Eating in space can be time-consuming. B. Diversity is interesting to learn about C. The author thinks cutlery is the best tool to use to consume food. D. The author enjoys trying new food.

C. The author thinks cutlery is the best tool to use to consume food.

The Water Cycle Water is needed to sustain practically all life functions on planet Earth. A single drop of this compound is composed of an oxygen atom that shares its electrons with each of the two hydrogen atoms. The cycle starts when precipitation, such as rain, snow, sleet, or hail, descends from the sky onto the ground. Water that is not absorbed immediately from the precipitation is known as runoff. The runoff flows across the land and collects in groundwater reservoirs, rivers, streams, and oceans. Evaporation takes place when liquid water changes into water vapor, which is a gas. Water vapor returns to the air from surface water and plants. Ultimately, condensation happens when this water vapor cools and changes back into droplets of liquid. In fact, the puffy, cotton clouds that we observe are formed by condensation. When the clouds become heavily laden with liquid droplets, precipitation ensues. 2. What is the main idea of this passage? A. Water is formed from the joining of two hydrogen atoms to one atom of oxygen. B. Water is a versatile and important universal solvent. C. The different components of the water cycle are precipitation, evaporation, and condensation. The explanation of the different components of the water cycle D. Rain is a trivial part of the life cycle.

C. The different components of the water cycle are precipitation, evaporation, and condensation. The explanation of the different components of the water cycle

1. In the following sentence, which is the dependent clause? A. We played B. Then we had dinner C. While we waited D. A game

C. While we waited

Voice What effect does your voice have on others? Does it persuade or irritate, attract or repel? One of the worst qualities is harshness. If you ever get the feeling that people are uncomfortable when you speak, it may be that your harsh tones are jarring their eardrums. Your voice will sound unpleasant if it is shrill, grating, hard, piercing, brassy, to loud, or too nasal. Harsh voice qualities usually come from too much tension in the throat and jaw. Tension tightens muscles and blocks the relaxed voice tones essential to a pleasing impression. Because tension occurs in higher pitched voices, women tend to have shriller voices than men, which usually makes them less desirable public speakers, newscasters, or political candidates. 2. What is stated in this paragraph? A. Some men have harsh voices. B. Relaxed people often have harsh voices. C. Women make less appealing political candidates. D. Not everyone finds a harsh voice irritating.

C. Women make less appealing political candidates.

Select the word that will make this sentence grammatically correct. You will need to choose ______ courses in biology, chemistry, and anatomy. A. between B. besides C. among D. amid

C. among

The Game of Bridge The ebb and flow of laughter and silence fills the room as four old friends gather to engage in a round of Bridge playing. For the beginner, Bridge can be complicated, but with time, effort, and a good teacher, even the novice can become proficient. Composed of two main parts, bidding and playing, Bridge requires the player's undivided attention. The dealer deals the entire deck of playing cards evenly between the for players, with each person receiving thirteen cards. In the bidding portion of the game, the four suits of cards in the deck are ranked highest to lowest as follows:spades, hearts, diamonds, and finally clubs. However, during play all the suits of cards are considered equals, and they go from highest to lowest from the ace being high to the two cards being low. The highest number of tricks wins. A trick is one card played by each player for a total of four. After the lead player lays down his/her card, the other players follow suit, if possible. The highest card within the four "same suit" cards played wins the trick and picks up all four cards. If a player cannot follow suit, he/she plays any card, but to make the game more interesting and challenging, one suit is named a trump suit which means that if a player plays a card from the trump suit, it always wins the trick. If two cards from the trump suit are played, the highest card within the trump suit wins the trick. Obviously, the team with the most tricks wins the hand. Questions & Answers 1. The author wants the reader to feel A. As though the game of Bridge is too hard for novices to learn. B. frustrated and confused about playing bridge C. confident and excited about learning the game of bridge D. Overwhelmed by all the rules for the games of Bridge.

C. confident and excited about learning the game of bridge

Exams Subjective exams measure your ability in several areas. Besides recall information, you must be able to realize content logically and intelligently express yourself in a clearly understood manner. Subjective test provide opportunity for students to show their broad knowledge of a subjective area. Answers may be in the form of paragraphs or lengthy essays. When your review for an essay exam, concentrate on main ideas rather than details. Since essay tests are less to a few questions, they are likely to deal with more important ideas of a subject. Prepare a list of question you think might be asked. Write an answer to each of your questions. Rather than writing complete sentence down your thoughts in outline form. Doing so will help you organize the information so that you can express yourself clearly. When you take the test, read through all the questions before you start to write. Allot time for each question, spending more time for questions worth the most points. Read each question carefully to determine exactly what they are asked. Pay attention to words such as define, illustrate, explain, list, compare, and contrast. Each work requires a different type of response. Write a brief outline of your answer on scrap paper or the back of the test. Make sure you include all the important ideas that are within the limits of the question. In other words, do not write more than is asked for each answer. When you write your answer, keep it specific and as brief as possible. In the introductory sentence it is often helpful to make a general statement that includes important points addressed in each question. Such a topic sentence serves as a framework for your answer. Then use your outline to develop the main point and subtopics. Add substance to your answer by including as many facts as possible to support your answer. Check your paper before you submit it. Look for mistakes in grammar, spelling, sentence structure, and punctuation. Unless you are certain an answer is wrong, do not change it. Your answer is an educated guess and is usually your best chance of answering correctly. 2. Compared to objective exams, essay test contains A. no good answers C. fewer questions B. more questions D. harder questions

C. fewer questions

Select the correct word for the blank in the following sentence. We ______ never been trained in that particular procedure. A. has B. was C. had D. will

C. had

20. Make this a complete sentence: ______________ as she watched me from the kitchen window.

Correct Answer: I ran around outside as fast as I could

Exams Subjective exams measure your ability in several areas. Besides recall information, you must be able to realize content logically and intelligently express yourself in a clearly understood manner. Subjective test provide opportunity for students to show their broad knowledge of a subjective area. Answers may be in the form of paragraphs or lengthy essays. When your review for an essay exam, concentrate on main ideas rather than details. Since essay tests are less to a few questions, they are likely to deal with more important ideas of a subject. Prepare a list of question you think might be asked. Write an answer to each of your questions. Rather than writing complete sentence down your thoughts in outline form. Doing so will help you organize the information so that you can express yourself clearly. When you take the test, read through all the questions before you start to write. Allot time for each question, spending more time for questions worth the most points. Read each question carefully to determine exactly what they are asked. Pay attention to words such as define, illustrate, explain, list, compare, and contrast. Each work requires a different type of response. Write a brief outline of your answer on scrap paper or the back of the test. Make sure you include all the important ideas that are within the limits of the question. In other words, do not write more than is asked for each answer. When you write your answer, keep it specific and as brief as possible. In the introductory sentence it is often helpful to make a general statement that includes important points addressed in each question. Such a topic sentence serves as a framework for your answer. Then use your outline to develop the main point and subtopics. Add substance to your answer by including as many facts as possible to support your answer. Check your paper before you submit it. Look for mistakes in grammar, spelling, sentence structure, and punctuation. Unless you are certain an answer is wrong, do not change it. Your answer is an educated guess and is usually your best chance of answering correctly. 3. From the article the reader can conclude that a test containing true-false question is called. A. subjective C. objective B. rejective D. Detective

C. objective

1. Which of the following is a direct object? (affected by the verb)The nurse helped the patient with the medication A. Helped B. Nurse C. patient D. Medication

C. patient

Voice What effect does your voice have on others? Does it persuade or irritate, attract or repel? One of the worst qualities is harshness. If you ever get the feeling that people are uncomfortable when you speak, it may be that your harsh tones are jarring their eardrums. Your voice will sound unpleasant if it is shrill, grating, hard, piercing, brassy, to loud, or too nasal. Harsh voice qualities usually come from too much tension in the throat and jaw. Tension tightens muscles and blocks the relaxed voice tones essential to a pleasing impression. Because tension occurs in higher pitched voices, women tend to have shriller voices than men, which usually makes them less desirable public speakers, newscasters, or political candidates. 3. The information presented is A. Slanted in favor of newscasters B. Slanted against people with deep voice C. slanted against people with piercing voices. D. balance in its approach.

C. slanted against people with piercing voices.

Which word is not spelled correctly in the context of the sentence? Nothing can be more delightful then a late-night swim in the reservoir? A. Nothing B. delightful C. then D. reservoir

C. then

Select the word that makes this sentence grammatically correct. Few students were able to complete the assignment in the allotted time; ______, the professor gave them an additional week in which to do the work. A. despite B. in fact C. therefore D. conversely

C. therefore

Select the correct word for the blank in the following sentence. We were not sure to ______ we should give the paperwork. A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever

C. whom

Diet is important because bone are storage places for

Calcium and phosphorous

Serene

Calm, tranquil.

Potential

Capable of occurring or likely to occur.

What occurs when the sympathetic nervous system is stimulated? Increased

Cardiac output

Structure provides a pulse reading in the neck?

Carotid Artery

What is the primary function of the hemoglobin (blood)?

Carry oxygen

Toxic

Causing harm or poisonous.

Pathogenic

Causing or able to cause a disease.

Labile

Changing rapidly and often. (VOLATILE)

1. He tried to remember that names of all the people_________ were there that night. a. Whom b. That c. Whose d. Which

b. That

Occluded

Closed or obstructed.

What internal structure of the ear is concerned with hearing?

Cochlea

Cease

Come to an end or bring to an end.

Status

Condition.

Euphoric

Confident. (I am euphoric about this exam.)

Delusional

Confused or mistaken.

Infection

Contamination or invasion of body tissue by pathogenic organisms.

Ongoing

Continuous.

Aegis

Control, protection. (EX: Unit staffing decisions are under the aegis of the nurse manager.)

Transdermal

Crossing through the skin.

Antidote

Cure or remedy. "I need an antidote for this headache"

Panacea

Cure, solution, or remedy.

Laceration

Cut;tear.

1. Select the best word for the blank in the following sentence: The college___he chose is in New York a. Which b. That c. Who d. What

b. That

Which sentence is written correctly? A. "Is our state's per-capita Medicare spending in line with the national average," he asked? B. "Is our state's per-capita Medicare spending in line with the national average?" He asked. C. "Is our state's per-capita Medicare spending in line with the national average"? he asked. D. "Is our state's per-capita Medicare spending in line with the national average?" he asked

D. "Is our state's per-capita Medicare spending in line with the national average?" he asked

1. He was____ by her kind words. A. Affect B. Effect C. Effected D. Affected

D. Affected

Select the sentence that is grammatically correct. A. Having replaced the broken glass, the window looked as good as new. B. After the broken glass was replaced, the window looked as good as new. C. Following the broken glass replacement, the window looked good as new. D. After we replaced the broken glass, the window looked good as new.

D. After we replaced the broken glass, the window looked good as new.

What punctuation is needed in this sentence to make it correct? "Please dont be afraid to ask questions," she assured us politely. A. Period B. Quotation marks C. Comma D. Apostrophe

D. Apostrophe

1. Which of the following sentences is grammatically correct? A. The patient and the nurse knew he could walk B. While the patient was walking C. The patient, the nurse and the doctor were walking. D. Because the patient could walk, he was allowed to leave his room.

D. Because the patient could walk, he was allowed to leave his room.

The Golden Gate Bridge Linking San Francisco to Marin County in California, the Golden Gate Bridge is one of the most famous bridges in the world. The bridge crosses over a narrow strait which connects the Pacific Ocean to San Francisco Bay. Prior to the bridge, people traveled by ferry boat across the strait. Although most people thought a bridge was necessary to expedite travel, some residents of the bay area felt the risk of building the bridge was too great. Joseph Strauss believed that nothing was impossible, and dreams would never come to fruition if risks weren't taken. So, he decided to gather the best and brightest builders, architects, and workers to embark on the challenge of building a bridge across the Golden Gate Strait. With safety nets in place, the construction began in 1937. Building the anchorages first, the builders then move on to the towers on each end, and then to the three-foot thick cables to support the suspension bridge. Lastly, workers labored to complete the roadway which became the most dangerous and treacherous part of the entire task. The builders had to keep the bridge balance, so it wouldn't fall into the bay. Today, over sixty-five years later, the bridge remains a life-line for the people of the San Francisco Bay Area. 6.In the passage the word embark means to: A. Put or go on board a ship B. Remove the covering from a tree C. Speak harshly to others D. Being an undertaking

D. Being an undertaking

The Water Cycle Water is needed to sustain practically all life functions on planet Earth. A single drop of this compound is composed of an oxygen atom that shares its electrons with each of the two hydrogen atoms. The cycle starts when precipitation, such as rain, snow, sleet, or hail, descends from the sky onto the ground. Water that is not absorbed immediately from the precipitation is known as runoff. The runoff flows across the land and collects in groundwater reservoirs, rivers, streams, and oceans. Evaporation takes place when liquid water changes into water vapor, which is a gas. Water vapor returns to the air from surface water and plants. Ultimately, condensation happens when this water vapor cools and changes back into droplets of liquid. In fact, the puffy, cotton clouds that we observe are formed by condensation. When the clouds become heavily laden with liquid droplets, precipitation ensues. 3. Which statement is not a detail from the passage? A. A single drop of water is made of a couple of hydrogen atoms and oxygen atoms. B. Evaporation takes place when liquid water changes into water vapor. C. Water that is not absorbed is called runoff. D. Condensation fails to happen when water vapor cools and changes back into droplets of liquid.

D. Condensation fails to happen when water vapor cools and changes back into droplets of liquid.

Which of the following words is spelled correctly? A. Debenare B. Denninair C. Debonare D. Debonair

D. Debonair

Exams Subjective exams measure your ability in several areas. Besides recall information, you must be able to realize content logically and intelligently express yourself in a clearly understood manner. Subjective test provide opportunity for students to show their broad knowledge of a subjective area. Answers may be in the form of paragraphs or lengthy essays. When your review for an essay exam, concentrate on main ideas rather than details. Since essay tests are less to a few questions, they are likely to deal with more important ideas of a subject. Prepare a list of question you think might be asked. Write an answer to each of your questions. Rather than writing complete sentence down your thoughts in outline form. Doing so will help you organize the information so that you can express yourself clearly. When you take the test, read through all the questions before you start to write. Allot time for each question, spending more time for questions worth the most points. Read each question carefully to determine exactly what they are asked. Pay attention to words such as define, illustrate, explain, list, compare, and contrast. Each work requires a different type of response. Write a brief outline of your answer on scrap paper or the back of the test. Make sure you include all the important ideas that are within the limits of the question. In other words, do not write more than is asked for each answer. When you write your answer, keep it specific and as brief as possible. In the introductory sentence it is often helpful to make a general statement that includes important points addressed in each question. Such a topic sentence serves as a framework for your answer. Then use your outline to develop the main point and subtopics. Add substance to your answer by including as many facts as possible to support your answer. Check your paper before you submit it. Look for mistakes in grammar, spelling, sentence structure, and punctuation. Unless you are certain an answer is wrong, do not change it. Your answer is an educated guess and is usually your best chance of answering correctly. 1. When taking a subjective examination, you will find questions like. A. True & False C. Matching B. Multiple Choice D. Definitions.

D. Definitions.

Which sentence is grammatically correct? A. The new employees watched a short training file following a session with the hospital administrator. B. A session with the hospital administrator was followed by a short training film by the new employees. C. Following a session with the hospital administrator, a short training film was watched by the new employees. D. Following a session with the hospital administrator, the employees watched a short training

D. Following a session with the hospital administrator, the employees watched a short training

The Golden Gate Bridge Linking San Francisco to Marin County in California, the Golden Gate Bridge is one of the most famous bridges in the world. The bridge crosses over a narrow strait which connects the Pacific Ocean to San Francisco Bay. Prior to the bridge, people traveled by ferry boat across the strait. Although most people thought a bridge was necessary to expedite travel, some residents of the bay area felt the risk of building the bridge was too great. Joseph Strauss believed that nothing was impossible, and dreams would never come to fruition if risks weren't taken. So, he decided to gather the best and brightest builders, architects, and workers to embark on the challenge of building a bridge across the Golden Gate Strait. With safety nets in place, the construction began in 1937. Building the anchorages first, the builders then move on to the towers on each end, and then to the three-foot thick cables to support the suspension bridge. Lastly, workers labored to complete the roadway which became the most dangerous and treacherous part of the entire task. The builders had to keep the bridge balance, so it wouldn't fall into the bay. Today, over sixty-five years later, the bridge remains a life-line for the people of the San Francisco Bay Area. What body of water does The Golden Gate Bridge cross? A. San Francisco Bay B. Pacific Ocean C. Marin Strait D. Golden Gate Strait

D. Golden Gate Strait

The Golden Gate Bridge Linking San Francisco to Marin County in California, the Golden Gate Bridge is one of the most famous bridges in the world. The bridge crosses over a narrow strait which connects the Pacific Ocean to San Francisco Bay. Prior to the bridge, people traveled by ferry boat across the strait. Although most people thought a bridge was necessary to expedite travel, some residents of the bay area felt the risk of building the bridge was too great. Joseph Strauss believed that nothing was impossible, and dreams would never come to fruition if risks weren't taken. So, he decided to gather the best and brightest builders, architects, and workers to embark on the challenge of building a bridge across the Golden Gate Strait. With safety nets in place, the construction began in 1937. Building the anchorages first, the builders then move on to the towers on each end, and then to the three-foot thick cables to support the suspension bridge. Lastly, workers labored to complete the roadway which became the most dangerous and treacherous part of the entire task. The builders had to keep the bridge balance, so it wouldn't fall into the bay. Today, over sixty-five years later, the bridge remains a life-line for the people of the San Francisco Bay Area. Why was the roadway so dangerous to build? A. There weren't enough materials available to build the road B. The workers might get hit by passing cars. C. The men would fall to their deaths. D. If the road wasn't balance, it would collapse.

D. If the road wasn't balance, it would collapse.

Which of the following is spelled correctly? A. Insessant B. Incesant C. Incessent D. Incessant

D. Incessant

TESLA Croatian-born inventor Nikola Tesla is often called the "forgotten scientist". Although he invented the alternating current (AC) motor and developed an AC electricity generation system, he never received historical credit for many of his achievements, unlike one of his first employer and eventual nemesis, inventor Thomas Edison Tesla made the first sketches of his idea for a brushless of his idea for a brushless AC motor while he was a student at the University of Prague in 1882. His interest in electricity generation led him to Paris where he was employed by the Continental Edison Company later that year to repair Edison's direct current (DC) power plants. Two years later, Tesla immigrated to New York City and acquired a job as an engineer at Thomas Edison's headquarters in Manhattan. Edison was impressed with Tesla's work ethic and ingenuity. He challenged the young scientist to develop an improved design for his DC generators for $50,000. Tesla experimented for months, finally presenting Edison with the solution he needed. Edison reneged on the deal, telling Tesla that he didn't understand American humor. Tesla soon left Edison in order to begin his own electric light company Tesla filed and was granted more than 30 patents for his inventions in 1887 and 1888. He soon had financial backing for his ideas from one of Edison' main competitors, Westinghouse. In the 1890's Tesla experimented with x-rays, developed a high-voltage electrical transformer call the Tesla coil, and demonstrated the propagation of radio waves two years before the "Father of Radio" Guglielmo Marconi. He was also the first to harness the mammoth potential energy of Niagara Falls. He worked with General Electric to install AC generators with turbines driven by the falling waters of the Niagara River, creating the first modern power plant although a brilliant scientist, Tesla was not an astute businessman. He created his own obscurity by relinquishing royalty rights for his inventions to major corporations for the purpose of raising funds for future projects. 4. What is the meaning of the word obscurity as it is used in the last paragraph? A. Poverty B. Celebrity C. Confusion D. Insignificance

D. Insignificance

Which of the following is spelled correctly? A. Labertory B. Laberatory C. Labratory D. Laboratory

D. Laboratory

1. Select the best word for the blank in the following sentence. He thought it was ___than 3 miles to the hospital A. Further B. Fewer C. Bigger D. Less

D. Less

TESLA Croatian-born inventor Nikola Tesla is often called the "forgotten scientist". Although he invented the alternating current (AC) motor and developed an AC electricity generation system, he never received historical credit for many of his achievements, unlike one of his first employer and eventual nemesis, inventor Thomas Edison Tesla made the first sketches of his idea for a brushless of his idea for a brushless AC motor while he was a student at the University of Prague in 1882. His interest in electricity generation led him to Paris where he was employed by the Continental Edison Company later that year to repair Edison's direct current (DC) power plants. Two years later, Tesla immigrated to New York City and acquired a job as an engineer at Thomas Edison's headquarters in Manhattan. Edison was impressed with Tesla's work ethic and ingenuity. He challenged the young scientist to develop an improved design for his DC generators for $50,000. Tesla experimented for months, finally presenting Edison with the solution he needed. Edison reneged on the deal, telling Tesla that he didn't understand American humor. Tesla soon left Edison in order to begin his own electric light company Tesla filed and was granted more than 30 patents for his inventions in 1887 and 1888. He soon had financial backing for his ideas from one of Edison' main competitors, Westinghouse. In the 1890's Tesla experimented with x-rays, developed a high-voltage electrical transformer call the Tesla coil, and demonstrated the propagation of radio waves two years before the "Father of Radio" Guglielmo Marconi. He was also the first to harness the mammoth potential energy of Niagara Falls. He worked with General Electric to install AC generators with turbines driven by the falling waters of the Niagara River, creating the first modern power plant although a brilliant scientist, Tesla was not an astute businessman. He created his own obscurity by relinquishing royalty rights for his inventions to major corporations for the purpose of raising funds for future projects. 2. What is the meaning of the word "mammoth" as it is used in the fourth paragraph? A. Dangerous B. Raw C. Unused D. Massive

D. Massive

6. Which sentence is correct? A. I saw the criminals who were arrested on the TV news. B. I saw the criminals on the TV news who were arrested. C. On the TV news, the criminals who were arrested were seen by me. D. On the TV news, I saw the criminals who were arrested.

D. On the TV news, I saw the criminals who were arrested.

Which of the following words is spelled correctly? A. Proffesional B. Proffessional C. Profesional D. Professional

D. Professional

Exams Subjective exams measure your ability in several areas. Besides recall information, you must be able to realize content logically and intelligently express yourself in a clearly understood manner. Subjective test provide opportunity for students to show their broad knowledge of a subjective area. Answers may be in the form of paragraphs or lengthy essays. When your review for an essay exam, concentrate on main ideas rather than details. Since essay tests are less to a few questions, they are likely to deal with more important ideas of a subject. Prepare a list of question you think might be asked. Write an answer to each of your questions. Rather than writing complete sentence down your thoughts in outline form. Doing so will help you organize the information so that you can express yourself clearly. When you take the test, read through all the questions before you start to write. Allot time for each question, spending more time for questions worth the most points. Read each question carefully to determine exactly what they are asked. Pay attention to words such as define, illustrate, explain, list, compare, and contrast. Each work requires a different type of response. Write a brief outline of your answer on scrap paper or the back of the test. Make sure you include all the important ideas that are within the limits of the question. In other words, do not write more than is asked for each answer. When you write your answer, keep it specific and as brief as possible. In the introductory sentence it is often helpful to make a general statement that includes important points addressed in each question. Such a topic sentence serves as a framework for your answer. Then use your outline to develop the main point and subtopics. Add substance to your answer by including as many facts as possible to support your answer. Check your paper before you submit it. Look for mistakes in grammar, spelling, sentence structure, and punctuation. Unless you are certain an answer is wrong, do not change it. Your answer is an educated guess and is usually your best chance of answering correctly. 7. In the above passage, the word "subjective" refers to test questions that: A. Allow you to choose an answer B. Are matching C. Are true or false D. Require you to write your own answer

D. Require you to write your own answer

Which of following is spelled correctly? A. Seisure B. Siezure C. Seizher D. Seizure

D. Seizure

What punctuation is needed in this sentence to make it correct? Follow my lead I have been performing this procedure for years. A. Period B. Comma C. Question mark D. Semicolon

D. Semicolon

TESLA Croatian-born inventor Nikola Tesla is often called the "forgotten scientist". Although he invented the alternating current (AC) motor and developed an AC electricity generation system, he never received historical credit for many of his achievements, unlike one of his first employer and eventual nemesis, inventor Thomas Edison Tesla made the first sketches of his idea for a brushless of his idea for a brushless AC motor while he was a student at the University of Prague in 1882. His interest in electricity generation led him to Paris where he was employed by the Continental Edison Company later that year to repair Edison's direct current (DC) power plants. Two years later, Tesla immigrated to New York City and acquired a job as an engineer at Thomas Edison's headquarters in Manhattan. Edison was impressed with Tesla's work ethic and ingenuity. He challenged the young scientist to develop an improved design for his DC generators for $50,000. Tesla experimented for months, finally presenting Edison with the solution he needed. Edison reneged on the deal, telling Tesla that he didn't understand American humor. Tesla soon left Edison in order to begin his own electric light company Tesla filed and was granted more than 30 patents for his inventions in 1887 and 1888. He soon had financial backing for his ideas from one of Edison' main competitors, Westinghouse. In the 1890's Tesla experimented with x-rays, developed a high-voltage electrical transformer call the Tesla coil, and demonstrated the propagation of radio waves two years before the "Father of Radio" Guglielmo Marconi. He was also the first to harness the mammoth potential energy of Niagara Falls. He worked with General Electric to install AC generators with turbines driven by the falling waters of the Niagara River, creating the first modern power plant although a brilliant scientist, Tesla was not an astute businessman. He created his own obscurity by relinquishing royalty rights for his inventions to major corporations for the purpose of raising funds for future projects. 5. What word means the same as relinquishing as it is used in the last paragraph? A. Maintaining B. Retaining C. Selling D. Surrendering

D. Surrendering

The Water Cycle Water is needed to sustain practically all life functions on planet Earth. A single drop of this compound is composed of an oxygen atom that shares its electrons with each of the two hydrogen atoms. The cycle starts when precipitation, such as rain, snow, sleet, or hail, descends from the sky onto the ground. Water that is not absorbed immediately from the precipitation is known as runoff. The runoff flows across the land and collects in groundwater reservoirs, rivers, streams, and oceans. Evaporation takes place when liquid water changes into water vapor, which is a gas. Water vapor returns to the air from surface water and plants. Ultimately, condensation happens when this water vapor cools and changes back into droplets of liquid. In fact, the puffy, cotton clouds that we observe are formed by condensation. When the clouds become heavily laden with liquid droplets, precipitation ensues. 4. What was the author's primary purpose for writing this essay? A. To persuade the reader to conserve water B. To persuade the reader that runoff is not the best way to collect water C. To analyze different types of runoff D. To inform the reader about the stages of the water cycle

D. To inform the reader about the stages of the water cycle

Which sentence is written correctly? A. When he told you to mark his words did you assume he meant that you should pay attention? B. When he told you to "mark his words" did you assume he meant that you should pay attention? C. When he told you to "mark his words" did you assume he meant that "you should pay attention"? D. When he told you to mark his words, did you assume he meant that you should pay attention

D. When he told you to mark his words, did you assume he meant that you should pay attention

The Malleus, Incus, and Stapes are located in which part of the body?

Ear

The organ of corti is located in? ``

Ear

Ceruminous glands secrete

Ear wax

Docile

Easily handled, tame i.e. not dangerous or frightened by people. "The little girl was docile, very gullible."

What epidermal derivative is involved in temperature homeostasis?

Eccrine gland

Distended

Enlarged or expanded from pressure. "Her stomach looked like a balloon, it was distended"

. What is the outer most protective layer of the skin?

Epidermis

The orthopedic surgeon informs you that you have broken the distal region of the humerus. What area is he describing?

Epiphsis

Vital

Essential.

. Hormone(s) is/are produced by the ovaries?

Estrogen & progesterone

Hedge

Evade, circumvent, or dodge. (ESCAPE OR AVOID).

Sweat on the skin's surface cools the body through which process?

Evaporation

Urinate

Excrete or expel urine.

Malignant

Expected to grow and worsen.

Defecate

Expel feces.

what are fingerprints made of

Friction Ridges dac

12. The _____ quickly ran through the dark woods to get back to the house.

GIRL

Oral

Given through or affecting the mouth.

Ominous

Giving the impression that something bad or unpleasant is going to happen; threatening; inauspicious. (portentous).

Syndrome

Group of symptoms that, when occurring together, reflect a specific disease or disorder.

Convulsive

Having or causing convulsions (violent shaking of the body [epilepsy])

Substantial

Having substance or sustaining. Strengthen or support physically or mentally. "this thought had sustained him throughout the years." ( OF considerable importance, size, or worth).

The occipital region is located in which part of the body?

Head

Callous

Heartless, cruel, or pitiless.

Which structure carries oxygen to the cells?

Hemoglobin

1. To replace "my mother's gift" into a pronoun.

Her

Covert

Hidden or concealed. "Her bruises were covert under her clothes"

What type of synovial joint is the elbow?

Hinge

Ravenus

Hungry.

Aggrieved

Hurt or angry.

Which bone dose not articulate with any other bone?

Hyoid

Diagnosis

Identification of an injury or disease.

Obtuse

Ignorant.

Dysfunction

Impaired or abnormal functioning.

Impervious

Impenetrable, not allowing anything to pass through. "skin"

Inexorable

Impossible to stop or prevent

Remission

Improvement or absence of signs of disease.

Intact

In place, unharmed, or whole.

Pediculosis

Infested with lice.

Respiration

Inhalation or exhalation of air.

Inoculation

Injecting a person with a small dose of a virus to help him or her build up defenses to a disease

Trauma

Injury, wound.

Invasive

Inserting or entering into a body part.

. What is the effect of serotonin, a neurotransmitter?

Involved with mood, anxiety and sleep

THE WHITE ELEPHANT Centuries ago, in the country of Siam, now known as Thailand, it was the custom of the rulers that displeased them by giving the offender a white elephant. Because the animal was could not be made to work as other elephants did, but still had to be fed hundreds of pounds of fruit and cared for in the most lavish style. The recipient could not give the elephant to anyone else, as it was the ruler, who would be greatly displeased should the recipient not receive the gift graciously or care for in a grand style. This monetary burden could be a major liability to the recipient and in many cases they became impoverished. This is the origin of the term "white elephant" as it is used today to denote an unwanted gift. The way of gift exchange played during the holiday season is an offshoot of this. In this game, everyone brings, and the gifts are exchanged by drawing numbers and picking a gift in turn. The second person can choose or steal the first one. It is all in good fun, and people enjoy giving silly gifts and "stealing" someone else. 6.Why is an unwanted gift called "white elephant"?

It is a rare thing to get an unwanted gift

Mostofthecarbondioxideintheblooddoeswhichofthefollowing?

It is converted to bicarbonate ions by carbonic anhydrase within red blood cells.

Volatile

Labile, change rapidly.

Anaerobic respiration can lead to a burning sensation caused by with molecule?

Lactic acid

The mitral value is located between which two structures?

Left ventricle & Left atrium

Extension

Lengthening; unbending a joint.

Aspirin occurs when there is a tear in which structures?

Ligament

Susceptible

Likely or liable to be influenced or harmed by a particular thing. (PREDISPOSE).

Posterior

Located behind; in the back.

External

Located outside the body.

Internal

Located within the body.

Where is the tubialis anterior muscle located?

Lower leg

Hydration

Maintenance of body fluid balance.

Bearing

Manner, direction, or influence.

Hygiene

Measures contributing to cleanliness and good health.

Cataract

Medical condition in which the lens of the eye becomes progressively opaque, resulting in blurred vision.

. Part of the brain attaches to spinal cord?

Medulla oblongata

ABCD of cancer?

Melanoma

Virus

Microscopic infectious agent capable of replicating only in living cells, usually causing infectious disease.

Which condition causes a client to say "I can't see far away"?

Nearsightedness

Rigid

Not flexible.

Benign

Not harmful.

Overt

OBVIOUS OR VISIBLE. The doctor had put his OVERT opinion in the plainest language possible; there was nothing more to be done for the patient besides comfort care.

Incidence

Occurrence.

Impending

Occurring in the near future, about to happen.

Priority

Of great importance.

Vascular

Of or relating to blood vessels.

Hematologic

Of or relating to blood.

Kinetic

Of or relating to movement.

Musculoskeletal

Of or relating to muscle and skeleton.

Cardiac

Of or relating to the heart.

Renal

Of or relating to the kidneys.

Neurovascular

Of or relating to the nervous system and blood vessels.

Neurologic

Of or relating to the nervous system.

Gastrointestinal

Of or relating to the stomach and the intestines.

Therapeutic

Of or relating to the treatment of a disease or a disorder.

Otic

Of the ear.

Compensatory

Offsetting (amount that diminishes or balances the effect of a contrary one) or making up for something. Best described as corrective.

Progeny

Offspring.

Two principles divisions that makeup nervous system?

Peripheral (PNS) & Central (CNS)

Which of the following is a structure found in the upper respiratory?

Pharynx

Which gland is commonly known as the "Master Gland"?

Pituitary Gland

What cell structure regulates the transportation of substances in and out the cell?

Plasma membrane

. The pulse point located behind the knee is palpated over which artery?

Popliteal

High levels of which ion would most likely result in a cardiac arrest?

Potassium

Latent

Present but not active or visible.

Bilateral

Present on two sides.

Depress

Press downward.

Precaution

Preventive measure.

Triage

Process used to determine the priority of treatment for patients according to the severity of a patient's condition and the likelihood of benefit from the treatment.

Pathology

Processes, causes, and effects of a disease; abnormality.

Potent

Producing a strong effect.

Tissue repair is enhanced by a diet high in?

Protein

Within which vessel does blood return from the lungs?

Pulmonary vein

Cursory

Quick, perfunctory, not thorough. "run a cursory examination on the adult."

Precipitous

Rapid, uncontrolled.

Which muscle is included in the quadriceps femoris group?

Rectus femoris, Vastus lateralis, vastus medilis, vastus intermedius

Flushed

Reddened or ruddy appearance.

Inflamed

Reddened, swollen, warm, and often tender.

Alleviate

Reduce. "This medicine is alleviating my pain"

What blood vessel prefuses the kidney?

Renal vein

Fatal

Resulting in death.

Concave

Rounded inward. (RBC)

Plane divides the body into right and left sides?

Sagittal

1. It was a beautiful performance. We all watched her from a balcony in the theater as she danced gracefully across the ________ stage. a) Massive b) Stunningly c) Lonely d) Misery

a) Massive

Which structure is a ball and socket joint?

Shoulder

Malaise

Sickness, condition, or dissatisfaction.

Bacteria

Single-celled, microscopic organisms.

Characteristic of viral herpes

Skin eruption

Which anatomical structure houses the malleus, incus, and stapes?

Skull ear

Where in the body are nutrients absorbed?

Small intestine

. The olfactory nerves is associate in which sense?

Smell

Rancid

Smelling unpleasant.

Insidious

So gradual as to not become apparent (clearly visible) for a long time.

Flaccid

Soft and hanging loosely or limply, especially so as to look or feel unpleasant. (LIMP) (PENIS)

Verbal

Spoken, using words.

Quarantine

Strict isolation imposed to prevent the spread of a disease or to exclude, detain, or isolate. (CONFINEMENT: keep or restrict someone from something)

Nutrient

Substance or ingredient that provides nourishment.

Abrupt

Sudden and possibly unexpected

Acute

Sudden, intense. (EX: The nurse administered the prescribed pain medication to the patient who was experiencing acute pain after surgery.)

Paroxysmal

Sudden, recurrence spasms or seizures.

The rough endoplasmic reticulum functions in the human cell to?

Synthesize protein

. What lobe of the brain is responsible for auditory functioning?

Temporal

. Which part of the brain is involved in auditory functioning?

Temporal lobe

What hormone induces growth of pubic and axillary hair at puberty?

Testosterone and estrogen

Prognosis

The anticipated or expected course or outcome. (EX: The physician explained that, with treatment, the patient's prognosis was for a long and healthy life.)

Which structure regulates the transport of substances in and out of a cell?

The cell membrane

Milieu

The environmental condition or setting.

Etiology

The origin or cause of a disease or condition.

diffusion

The passive movement of molecules or particles along a concentration gradient, or from regions of higher to regions of lower concentration.

function of parathyroid

activation of vitamin D

Rationale

The underlying reason| LOGIC. (EX: To make sure that the patient will follow the diet instructions, the medical assistant explains the rationale for the low-salt diet.)

1. Correct word is A lot of people enjoy baseball movies.

The word allot or alot is not correct. Also, know the different between fair vs fare

Adverse

Undesired, possibly harmful. (EX: Vomiting is an adverse effect of many medications.)

Rampant

Unrestrained.

1. Their/there is only one house on the block with a unite picket fence in the front yard.

Their

1. ______choice was to go to the movie.

Their

. Which of the following statements best describe endocrine glands?

They secrete chemicals into the blood

Relic

Thing of the past.

The mediastinum is located within which cavity?

Thoracic

What glad is located on the anterior surface of the trachea?

Thyroid Gland

Convoluted

To be complex. "Her symptoms were very convoluted: back pain, headache, and severe nose bleed."

Accountable

To be responsible. (EX: Paramedics are accountable for maintaining up-to-date knowledge or resuscitation techniques.)

Heedless

To be thoughtless, unmindful, or careless.

Initiate

To begin or put into practice.

Exposure

To come in contact.

Infer

To conclude or deduce- arrive at a fact. (The receiver of the message infers)

Expectorate

To cough up discharge from the lungs through the mouth. (spit).

Eradicate

To destroy completely. "Everyone wants to eradicate cancer."

Constrict

To draw together or become smaller. "Blood vessels constrict when you are in a cold environment"

Dilate

To enlarge or expand.

Regale

To entertain, amuse, or delight.

Constitute

To establish, create, or organize.

Assent

To give consent, to agree.

Inhibits

To hold back, constrain, reduce, or slow. "Migraine pills inhibit migraines"

Adhere

To hold fast or stick together. (EX: The tape must adhere to the patient's skin to hold the bandage in place.)

Retain

To hold or keep.

Expand

To increase in size or amount.

Restrict

To limit.

Dilute

To make a liquid less concentrated.

Predispose

To make more susceptible or more likely to occur. make someone liable or inclined to a specified attitude, action, or condition. "lack of exercise may predispose an individual to high blood pressure".

Exacerbate

To make worse or more severe.

Recur

To occur again.

Apply

To place, put on, or spread something.

Implement

To put into action or to cause it to happen.

Suppress

To stop or subdue. (counter).

Imply

To suggest without explicitly stating. (Sender of a message implies)

Ingest

To swallow for digestion.

Supplement

To take in addition to or to complete.

Void

To urinate.

Abstain

To voluntarily refrain from something. (EX: The dental hygienist instructed the patient to abstain from smoking to improve his breath odor.)

Device

Tool or piece of equipment.

Transmission

Transfer, such as of a disease, from one person to another.

Accolade

Tribute or honor.

Ambivalent

Uncertain, having contradictory feelings. (EX: After learning that she had breast cancer, the patient was ambivalent about having a mastectomy.)

Sublingual

Under the tongue.

What structure conduct urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder?

Ureter

Nebulous

Vague (uncertain, unclear).

Which muscle of the quadriceps femoris group lies on the slide surface of the lower extremity?

Vastus lateralis

Vessel carries blood from the body to the heart?

Vena cava

Raucous

Wild, loud, or disorderly.

Earthly

Worldly or possible.

Deteriorating

Worsening.

Paltry

Worthless.

1. The police tried to get him to ___, but he refused to say a word until his lawyer arrived.

admit

Which structure is located on the sternum

Xiphoid process

Ovum

a mature female reproductive cell, especially of a human or other animal, that can divide to give rise to an embryo usually only after fertilization by a male cell.

Gamete

a mature haploid male or female germ cell that is able to unite with another of the opposite sex in sexual reproduction to form a zygote.

auricle

a thin pouch in the heart

30. _________ you taking a cruise to commemorate your wedding anniversary? a) Are b) Is c) Was d) Could

a) Are

19. Which phrase should be moved to the end of the sentence? The painter decided to use the urn as his subject with flowers on the table. a) As his subject b) With flowers c) The painter d) The urn

a) As his subject

16. IDENTIFY THE DEPENDENT CLAUSE IN THIS SENTENCE: The mother dog left her bed as soon as the puppies were asleep. a) As soon as the puppies were asleep b) Left her bed as soon as c) The puppies were asleep d) The mother dog left her bed

a) As soon as the puppies were asleep

28. Two students (are) _____________ their professor about possibility of obtaining good grade in class. a) Ask/Are b) Is c) Was d) Could

a) Ask/Are

Select the word or phrase in the sentence that is not used correctly. 1) The nurse asked the patient to choose ate items from the menu that are his favorites. a) Ate items b) To choose c) His favorites d) That are

a) Ate items

WHICH SENTENCE IS GRAMMATICALLY INCORRECT, 78. The nurse asked the patient to choose ate items from the menu that are his favorite. a) Ate items b) Patient c) His Favorite d) Asked

a) Ate items

45. The baby ___________ because she was hungry a) Cries b) Cry c) Cried d) Crying

a) Cries

1. The nurse asked the patient to choose _________ items from the menu. a) Eight b) Ate c) For d) Fore

a) Eight

Select the word or phrase in the sentence that is not used correctly. 1) After the policeman had ran for several miles, he finally caught up with the man who had stolen the purse. a) Had ran b) Several miles c) Who d) Up with

a) Had ran

29. To be admitted to the university, he __________ to make application by May 15. a) Has b) Have c) Might d) Should

a) Has

WHICH SENTENCE IS GRAMMATICALLY INCORRECT, 89. The radio broadcast has heard by almost everyone in the country. a) Has heard b) Almost everyone c) In d) The country

a) Has heard

26. A synonym is a word ____________ a meaning similar to another word. a) Having b) That have c) Who have d) Who is having

a) Having

3. WHICH SENTENCE IS GRAMMATICALLY CORRECT? a) He did well on his diet. b) He done well on his diet. c) He did good on his diet d) He done good on his diet

a) He did well on his diet.

1. The blue whale is the largest animal _________ the world. a) In b) On c) Of d) At

a) In

5. WHICH SENTENCE SHOULD REPLACE THE FOLLOWING INCORRECT SENTENCE? "This door to remain unlocked when occupied." a) This door will remain unlocked when the office is occupied. b) This door to remain unclosed while open. c) This sentence is correct as written. d) This office must have the door unlocked at all times.

a) This door will remain unlocked when the office is occupied.

WHICH SENTENCE IS GRAMMATICALLY INCORRECT, 105. He will go to home when his math class finishes. a) To home b) His c) Math class d) Finishes

a) To home

WHICH SENTENCE IS GRAMMATICALLY INCORRECT, 82. The team want to go to the game early for tryouts. a) Want b) To go c) For d) Early

a) Want

46. The national anthem ______________ at the super bowl by Whitney Houston. a) Was sung b) Was singing c) Had Sung d) Sung

a) Was sung

1) Which word is used incorrectly? Which procedure for giving injections were explained thoroughly to the student nurses. a) Were b) Thoroughly c) Student d) Procedure

a) Were

Select the word or phrase in the sentence that is not used correctly. 1) Of the many people what she interviewed; she chose the one with most experience. a) What b) Experience c) With d) Of the

a) What

33. Do you know _________________ a) What time is it? b) What time it is? c) What is time? d) It is what time?

a) What time is it?

62. WHICH SENTENCE IS GRAMMATICALLY CORRECT? a) Which one do you want? b) Pick the won you want? c) Whose one do you want? d) Who's do you want?

a) Which one do you want?

1. WHICH SENTENCE IS GRAMMATICALLY CORRECT? a) Who's coming to the party? b) Whose to blame for the economy? c) Who's hat is this? d) Whose going to vote?

a) Who's coming to the party?

WHICH SENTENCE IS GRAMMATICALLY INCORRECT, 72. Her mother asked her what would she do after she graduated from college. a) Would b) After c) Do d) Graduated

a) Would

1. A mother called her healthcare provider to report she had discovered a node on her child's upper arm? a. A mall rounded mass b. Oozing blood c. A blister d. A reddened area

a. A mall rounded mass

1. A person who is said to be "very sensible" is likely to posses which characteristic? a. A reasonable understanding b. Nostalgia about object c. Easily gets feelings hurt d. A deficiency in moral concerns

a. A reasonable understanding

1. Which word denotes the description of events in the order of their occurrence? a. Chronology b. Helicon c. Natation d. Documentation

a. Chronology

1. Which word describes what a cat, who is clearly scared of a Rottweiler, will do when the dog enters the room? a. Cower b. Engender c. Enhance Replicate

a. Cower

1. Inoculation is the preferred way to deal with flu epidemic. a. Desired b. Required c. Necessary d. Requested

a. Desired

1. The ___________ student was not well liked by his peers. a. Detestable b. Gregariousness c. Affably d. Geniality

a. Detestable

1. If they ____ that the weather was going to be so bad, they wouldn't have gone to the beach. a. Had known b. Were knowing c. Knew d. Known

a. Had known

2. Which word means to suggest, to hint, to express indirectly? a. Imply b. Latter c. Opinion d. Infer

a. Imply

1. The medication was intended to constrict the pupils. a. Make smaller b. Sensitize c. Dilate d. Make bigger

a. Make smaller

1. The accident_________ if the motorist had obeyed the speed limit sign. a. Never would have happened b. Never would happen c. Never happened d. Would happen never

a. Never would have happened

1. High blood pressure, or hypertension, typically has an insidious onset. What does the term insidious indicate? a. No obvious symptoms of a disease. b. Readily observable symptoms of illness c. Acute symptoms lasting 24 hours d. Vague complaints of being tired.

a. No obvious symptoms of a disease.

A tuberculin skin test should be read within 24 hrs. ____ administration. a. Of b. Since c. As d. From

a. Of

1. Which word means to banish, to shut out, or to exclude? a. Ostracize b. Auspicious c. Ultimate d. Exercise

a. Ostracize

1. The nurse assisted the physician in removing the cast from the patient's arm. a. Protective devise b. Bandage c. Medicated salve d. Sling

a. Protective devise

1. The doctor instructed the patient to keep his head elevated. a. Raised b. Still c. Thrown back d. Turned

a. Raised

1. What word means "a system procedure to follow"? a. Regimen b. Treatment c. Testament d. Regime

a. Regimen

1. In the United State, drivers drive cars on the _______ a. Right b. Off-side c. Rite d. Left

a. Right

1. It is required that he ________ the payment immediately. a. Send b. Sent c. Sends d. Sended

a. Send

pituitary gland produces

adrenocorticotropic hormone GH

Increase in rate of depth of breath results in what blood PH change?

alkalosis

The Bicycle Today, bicycles are so common that it's hard to believe they haven't always been around. But two hundred years ago, bicycles didn't even exist, and the first bicycle, invented in Germany in 1818, was nothing like our bicycles today. It was made of wood and didn't even have pedals. Since then, however, numerous innovations and improvements in design have made the bicycle one of the most popular means of recreation and transportation around the world. In 1839, Kirkpatrick Macmillan, a Scottish blacksmith, dramatically improved upon the original bicycle design. Macmillan's machine had tires with iron rims to keep them from getting worn down. He also used foot-operated cranks like pedals, so his bicycle could be ridden at a quick pace. It didn't look much like a modern bicycle, though, because its back wheel was substantially larger than its front wheel. In 1861, the French Michaux brothers took the evolution of the bicycle a step further by inventing an improved crank mechanism. Ten years later, James Starley, an English inventor, revolutionized bicycle design. He made the front wheel many times larger than the back wheel, put a gear on the pedals to make the bicycle more efficient, and lightened the wheels by using wire spokes. Although this bicycle was much lighter and less tiring to ride, it was still clumsy, extremely top heavy, and ridden mostly for entertainment. It wasn't until 1874 that the first truly modern bicycle appeared on the scene. (14) Invented by another Englishman, H.J. Lawson, the "safety bicycle" would look familiar to today's cyclists. This bicycle had equal-sized wheels, which made it less prone to toppling over. Lawson also attached a chain to the pedals to drive the rear wheel. With these improvements, the bicycle became extremely popular and useful for transportation. Today they are built, used, and enjoyed all over the world. 8.Which of the following sentences from the passage represents the writer's opinion? a. Sentence (1) The safety bicycle would look familiar to today's cyclists. b. Sentence (6) c. Sentence (9) d. Sentence (16)

a. Sentence (1) The safety bicycle would look familiar to today's cyclists.

1. The medication must adhere to the patient's skin to be effective. a. Stick b. Absorb c. Adjust d. Match

a. Stick

1. Which word means to place under observation? a. Surveillance b. Cogitation c. Assessment d. Isolation

a. Surveillance

Day light Savings Time It is a well-known fact that it takes the Earth approximately 365 days to move around the sun. At the same time, the Earth revolves or spins around itself over the course of 24 hours, which explains why there is day and night. One half of the Earth is always facing the Sun and the other half is facing away from it. As a result, there are different time zones dividing the globe. Moving suddenly from one time zone into the other, as when flying for example from Asia to North America, causes jetlag. People feel tired, they wake up suddenly during the night and cannot go back to sleep. It takes time to get used to a new time zone. Another thing to consider is the slight tilting of the Earth towards the sun. The Earth does not stand straight but leans a little to one side. Therefore, when it revolves around the Sun, the middle part of the Earth is always closer to the Sun and gets more heat. This part is called the equator, and above it lathes tropics. Countries at the tropics get the same amount of daylight all the time. The sun always rises at 6 am and sets at 6 pm. In contrast, the tips of the Earth or the Poles get hardly any light at all because they are so far away from the sun. There are two main seasons at the Poles. There are 6 months of summer, when the sun is always shining, even at night, and there are 6 months of winter, when there is constant darkness. In between the tropics and the Poles lies the temperate zone, where there are 4 seasons. The sun rises and sets at different times throughout the year. In the spring and summer, it gets light earlier; in the fall and winter it gets dark earlier. People who live in temperate zones take advantage of that fact to get more daylight. At the beginning of spring, countries in Europe and North America readjust their clocks. They change the time on their clocks and watches by moving them an hour ahead. As a result, the sun does not set around 7 or 8 pm as usual, but an hour later. This measure is called Daylight Savings Time (DST) and lasts until the beginning of fall, when people move their clocks back one hour to Standard or regular Time. It is thought that Benjamin Franklin first suggested the introduction of Daylight Savings Time in the 18th century. But, the first serious proposal came in 1907 from William Willet. Yet his idea was shelved by the British government, who refused it because they thought it was unnecessary. Daylight Savings Time was first put into practice by the German government in1916 in order to save energy during the First World War. Shortly after, the United Kingdom followed suit, with the United States doing the same in 1918. The law was very unpopular since people had to wake up earlier and many experienced a feeling like jetlag. But the 1970s energy crisis forced the US to make Daylight Savings Time the law. Studies have shown that the introduction of Daylight Savings Time in the spring saved the US 10,000 barrels of oil per day between 1974-1975. It also prevented 2,000 traffic injuries and 50 traffic-related deaths, saving the country $28 million. Currently, Americans switch to Daylight Savings Time on the first Sunday in April and move back to Standard Time on the last Sunday in October. But as of 2007, the time readjustment will happen even earlier, in March and November. 5. Which of the following would be the best title for this passage? a. The History and Rationale of Daylight Savings Time b. Lyndon Johnson and the Uniform Time Act c. The U.S. Department of Transportation and Daylight Savings Time d. Daylight Saving Time in the United States

a. The History and Rationale of Daylight Savings Time

1. The healthcare provider gave the patient a comprehensive examination. a. Through b. Follow-up c. Sketchy Referral.

a. Through

The Bicycle Today, bicycles are so common that it's hard to believe they haven't always been around. But two hundred years ago, bicycles didn't even exist, and the first bicycle, invented in Germany in 1818, was nothing like our bicycles today. It was made of wood and didn't even have pedals. Since then, however, numerous innovations and improvements in design have made the bicycle one of the most popular means of recreation and transportation around the world. In 1839, Kirkpatrick Macmillan, a Scottish blacksmith, dramatically improved upon the original bicycle design. Macmillan's machine had tires with iron rims to keep them from getting worn down. He also used foot-operated cranks like pedals, so his bicycle could be ridden at a quick pace. It didn't look much like a modern bicycle, though, because its back wheel was substantially larger than its front wheel. In 1861, the French Michaux brothers took the evolution of the bicycle a step further by inventing an improved crank mechanism. Ten years later, James Starley, an English inventor, revolutionized bicycle design. He made the front wheel many times larger than the back wheel, put a gear on the pedals to make the bicycle more efficient, and lightened the wheels by using wire spokes. Although this bicycle was much lighter and less tiring to ride, it was still clumsy, extremely top heavy, and ridden mostly for entertainment. It wasn't until 1874 that the first truly modern bicycle appeared on the scene. (14) Invented by another Englishman, H.J. Lawson, the "safety bicycle" would look familiar to today's cyclists. This bicycle had equal-sized wheels, which made it less prone to toppling over. Lawson also attached a chain to the pedals to drive the rear wheel. With these improvements, the bicycle became extremely popular and useful for transportation. Today they are built, used, and enjoyed all over the world. 5. An innovation, as it is used in Sentence (4), is a. a new way of doing something. b. a design. c. an improvement. d. a clever person.

a. a new way of doing something.

The Bicycle Today, bicycles are so common that it's hard to believe they haven't always been around. But two hundred years ago, bicycles didn't even exist, and the first bicycle, invented in Germany in 1818, was nothing like our bicycles today. It was made of wood and didn't even have pedals. Since then, however, numerous innovations and improvements in design have made the bicycle one of the most popular means of recreation and transportation around the world. In 1839, Kirkpatrick Macmillan, a Scottish blacksmith, dramatically improved upon the original bicycle design. Macmillan's machine had tires with iron rims to keep them from getting worn down. He also used foot-operated cranks like pedals, so his bicycle could be ridden at a quick pace. It didn't look much like a modern bicycle, though, because its back wheel was substantially larger than its front wheel. In 1861, the French Michaux brothers took the evolution of the bicycle a step further by inventing an improved crank mechanism. Ten years later, James Starley, an English inventor, revolutionized bicycle design. He made the front wheel many times larger than the back wheel, put a gear on the pedals to make the bicycle more efficient, and lightened the wheels by using wire spokes. Although this bicycle was much lighter and less tiring to ride, it was still clumsy, extremely top heavy, and ridden mostly for entertainment. It wasn't until 1874 that the first truly modern bicycle appeared on the scene. (14) Invented by another Englishman, H.J. Lawson, the "safety bicycle" would look familiar to today's cyclists. This bicycle had equal-sized wheels, which made it less prone to toppling over. Lawson also attached a chain to the pedals to drive the rear wheel. With these improvements, the bicycle became extremely popular and useful for transportation. Today they are built, used, and enjoyed all over the world. 12. Starley's addition of wire spokes made the bicycle a. lighter. b. less likely to tip over. c. more efficient. d. safer.

a. lighter.

The Bicycle Today, bicycles are so common that it's hard to believe they haven't always been around. But two hundred years ago, bicycles didn't even exist, and the first bicycle, invented in Germany in 1818, was nothing like our bicycles today. It was made of wood and didn't even have pedals. Since then, however, numerous innovations and improvements in design have made the bicycle one of the most popular means of recreation and transportation around the world. In 1839, Kirkpatrick Macmillan, a Scottish blacksmith, dramatically improved upon the original bicycle design. Macmillan's machine had tires with iron rims to keep them from getting worn down. He also used foot-operated cranks like pedals, so his bicycle could be ridden at a quick pace. It didn't look much like a modern bicycle, though, because its back wheel was substantially larger than its front wheel. In 1861, the French Michaux brothers took the evolution of the bicycle a step further by inventing an improved crank mechanism. Ten years later, James Starley, an English inventor, revolutionized bicycle design. He made the front wheel many times larger than the back wheel, put a gear on the pedals to make the bicycle more efficient, and lightened the wheels by using wire spokes. Although this bicycle was much lighter and less tiring to ride, it was still clumsy, extremely top heavy, and ridden mostly for entertainment. It wasn't until 1874 that the first truly modern bicycle appeared on the scene. (14) Invented by another Englishman, H.J. Lawson, the "safety bicycle" would look familiar to today's cyclists. This bicycle had equal-sized wheels, which made it less prone to toppling over. Lawson also attached a chain to the pedals to drive the rear wheel. With these improvements, the bicycle became extremely popular and useful for transportation. Today they are built, used, and enjoyed all over the world. 7. The word prone, as it is used in Sentence (15), means a. lying down. b. unbalanced. c. incapable of doing something. d. likely to do something.

a. lying down.

1. The patient's tremors ceased when the medication was administrated. a. Intensified b. Stopped c. Decreased d. Changed

b. Stopped

1) Select the sentence in which snake is used as a verb. a) The cobra is venomous snake. b) The spy had to snake his way furtively onto the train. c) The plumber used his snake to open up the clogged pipe. d) You are being a snake when you steal from me.

b) The spy had to snake his way furtively onto the train.

8. WHICH SENTENCE IS GRAMMATICALLY CORRECT? a) The patient told the nurse, "put the flowers on that table over their." b) The students looked at their test scores. c) Their comes a time when one choose between right and wrong. d) Their waiting for you.

b) The students looked at their test scores.

WHICH SENTENCE IS GRAMMATICALLY INCORRECT, 79. The patient was to cold, so he asked the nurse for another blanket. a) Was b) To c) Asked for d) Another

b) To

WHICH SENTENCE IS GRAMMATICALLY INCORRECT, 92. The teachers let the students to know that they would have an hour to complete the test. a) Let b) To know c) Would have d) The test

b) To know

Select the word or phrase in the sentence that is not used correctly. 1) The most important things in my life are making money, traveling abroad, and to live well. a) In b) To live c) The most d) Are

b) To live

WHICH SENTENCE IS GRAMMATICALLY INCORRECT, 1. In the accident that destroyed his car, he had ten of his tooths mocked out. a) That destroyed b) Tooths c) Mocked out d) Ten of

b) Tooths

9. ARRANGE ALPHABETICALLY: VERBAL, VOLUME, VOID, VITAL. a) Vital, verbal, void, volume b) Verbal, vital, void, volume c) Verbal, volume, void, vital d) Vital, verbal, volume, void

b) Verbal, vital, void, volume

54. The nurse did not think that the symptoms ___________ an emergency room visit. a) Desired b) Warranted c) Guaranteed d) Should have been

b) Warranted

WHICH SENTENCE IS GRAMMATICALLY INCORRECT, 102. As I was passing my friend's house last night, I was seeing that she had a new car packed in her drive way. a) As I b) Was seeing c) Friend's d) A new car

b) Was seeing

44. If I _________________ you, I would leave now. a) Was b) Were c) Where d) Which

b) Were

WHICH SENTENCE IS GRAMMATICALLY INCORRECT, 1. The procedure for giving injections were explained thoroughly to the student nurses. a) Thoroughly b) Were c) Procedure d) Student

b) Were

WHICH SENTENCE IS GRAMMATICALLY INCORRECT, 71. Of the many people what she interviewed; she chose the one with the most experience. a) Of the b) What c) With d) Most experience

b) What

WHICH SENTENCE IS GRAMMATICALLY INCORRECT, 90. I will call you when I will get back from visiting my sister. a) When b) Will get c) Visiting d) My

b) Will get

WHICH SENTENCE IS GRAMMATICALLY INCORRECT, 94. Long before his death, Pablo Picasso had become one of the most important artists in history. a) Long before b) had become c) the most d) Important

b) had become

The Bicycle Today, bicycles are so common that it's hard to believe they haven't always been around. But two hundred years ago, bicycles didn't even exist, and the first bicycle, invented in Germany in 1818, was nothing like our bicycles today. It was made of wood and didn't even have pedals. Since then, however, numerous innovations and improvements in design have made the bicycle one of the most popular means of recreation and transportation around the world. In 1839, Kirkpatrick Macmillan, a Scottish blacksmith, dramatically improved upon the original bicycle design. Macmillan's machine had tires with iron rims to keep them from getting worn down. He also used foot-operated cranks like pedals, so his bicycle could be ridden at a quick pace. It didn't look much like a modern bicycle, though, because its back wheel was substantially larger than its front wheel. In 1861, the French Michaux brothers took the evolution of the bicycle a step further by inventing an improved crank mechanism. Ten years later, James Starley, an English inventor, revolutionized bicycle design. He made the front wheel many times larger than the back wheel, put a gear on the pedals to make the bicycle more efficient, and lightened the wheels by using wire spokes. Although this bicycle was much lighter and less tiring to ride, it was still clumsy, extremely top heavy, and ridden mostly for entertainment. It wasn't until 1874 that the first truly modern bicycle appeared on the scene. (14) Invented by another Englishman, H.J. Lawson, the "safety bicycle" would look familiar to today's cyclists. This bicycle had equal-sized wheels, which made it less prone to toppling over. Lawson also attached a chain to the pedals to drive the rear wheel. With these improvements, the bicycle became extremely popular and useful for transportation. Today they are built, used, and enjoyed all over the world. 3.Which of the following would be the best title for this passage? a. Bicycles Are Better b. A Ride through the History of Bicycles c. Cycle Your Way to Fitness d. The Popularity of Bicycles

b. A Ride through the History of Bicycles

1. If you were asked for a receipt, what would you give the person? a. A recollection of the recent events b. A written acknowledgement for goods c. A check for the correct amount d. a list of items needed to bake a cake.

b. A written acknowledgement for goods

1. The dietician instructed the patient to supplement her diet. a. Limit b. Add to c. Substitute Increase

b. Add to

Day light Savings Time It is a well-known fact that it takes the Earth approximately 365 days to move around the sun. At the same time, the Earth revolves or spins around itself over the course of 24 hours, which explains why there is day and night. One half of the Earth is always facing the Sun and the other half is facing away from it. As a result, there are different time zones dividing the globe. Moving suddenly from one time zone into the other, as when flying for example from Asia to North America, causes jetlag. People feel tired, they wake up suddenly during the night and cannot go back to sleep. It takes time to get used to a new time zone. Another thing to consider is the slight tilting of the Earth towards the sun. The Earth does not stand straight but leans a little to one side. Therefore, when it revolves around the Sun, the middle part of the Earth is always closer to the Sun and gets more heat. This part is called the equator, and above it lathes tropics. Countries at the tropics get the same amount of daylight all the time. The sun always rises at 6 am and sets at 6 pm. In contrast, the tips of the Earth or the Poles get hardly any light at all because they are so far away from the sun. There are two main seasons at the Poles. There are 6 months of summer, when the sun is always shining, even at night, and there are 6 months of winter, when there is constant darkness. In between the tropics and the Poles lies the temperate zone, where there are 4 seasons. The sun rises and sets at different times throughout the year. In the spring and summer, it gets light earlier; in the fall and winter it gets dark earlier. People who live in temperate zones take advantage of that fact to get more daylight. At the beginning of spring, countries in Europe and North America readjust their clocks. They change the time on their clocks and watches by moving them an hour ahead. As a result, the sun does not set around 7 or 8 pm as usual, but an hour later. This measure is called Daylight Savings Time (DST) and lasts until the beginning of fall, when people move their clocks back one hour to Standard or regular Time. It is thought that Benjamin Franklin first suggested the introduction of Daylight Savings Time in the 18th century. But, the first serious proposal came in 1907 from William Willet. Yet his idea was shelved by the British government, who refused it because they thought it was unnecessary. Daylight Savings Time was first put into practice by the German government in1916 in order to save energy during the First World War. Shortly after, the United Kingdom followed suit, with the United States doing the same in 1918. The law was very unpopular since people had to wake up earlier and many experienced a feeling like jetlag. But the 1970s energy crisis forced the US to make Daylight Savings Time the law. Studies have shown that the introduction of Daylight Savings Time in the spring saved the US 10,000 barrels of oil per day between 1974-1975. It also prevented 2,000 traffic injuries and 50 traffic-related deaths, saving the country $28 million. Currently, Americans switch to Daylight Savings Time on the first Sunday in April and move back to Standard Time on the last Sunday in October. But as of 2007, the time readjustment will happen even earlier, in March and November. 2. Who first established the idea of DST? a. President Richard Nixon b. Benjamin Franklin c. Sir Robert Pearce d. President Lyndon Johnson

b. Benjamin Franklin

1. The number of people _______ from other countries to the United States has caused a shift in unemployment in the textile market. a. Migrating b. Emigrating c. Immigrating d. Emigrated

b. Emigrating

1. What does the word dynamic mean in this dialogue? a. Very abnormal b. In motion c. Historically relevant d. Totally silent

b. In motion

1. An apartment is advertised as being furnished. What does this mean? a. The first month's rent must be paid in advance b. It is equipped with articles c. It has just been repainted d. The utility bills are included in the rental cost.

b. It is equipped with articles

1. When something is diluted, what is the outcome? a. Decreases the temperature b. Makes it weaker c. Combines with an acid d. Creates a sterile field

b. Makes it weaker

1. My grandmother used to tell me, "Anything in excess can be a sin." a. Creating a nuisance b. More than is needed c. Not allowed d. Desirable

b. More than is needed

1. The client lost his equilibrium when he woke up. a. Ability to sallow b. Sense of balance c. Ability to speak d. Sense of taste

b. Sense of balance

1. The impending operation was the subject of the conversation. a. Very serious b. Soon to occur c. Required d. Elective

b. Soon to occur

60. SELECT THE SENTENCE THAT USES "THEY'RE" CORRECTLY a) The teacher told the student, put the box they're. b) The students looked at they're test scores. c) They're more likely to do well if they study. d) Most student finished they're homework early.

c) They're more likely to do well if they study.

1) What sentence should replace the following incorrect sentence? "This door to remain unlocked when occupied." a) This door to remain unclosed while open. b) This office must have the door unlocked at all times. c) This door will remain unlocked when office is occupied. d) This sentence is correct as written.

c) This door will remain unlocked when office is occupied.

55. During the storm, the glass in three of the windows was broken. a) Broken b) Breaks c) Was broken d) Were broken

c) Was broken

15. John F. Kennedy was a senator before he _______ president in 1960. a) Elected b) Was electing c) Was elected d) Had elected

c) Was elected

WHICH SENTENCE IS GRAMMATICALLY INCORRECT, 85. During the blackout, one of the patients were frightened and screamed loudly. a) During b) One c) Were d) Loudly

c) Were

38. As we celebrated the start of the evening festivities, our glasses _____________ and a toast was made by our host. a) Were risen b) Were rose c) Were raised d) Arose

c) Were raised

1) Identify the incomplete sentence. a) He wept. b) Everything worked out all right. c) While they were sleeping. d) Babies are sure cure and cuddly.

c) While they were sleeping.

1. The New coach means? a. Sacrosanct b. Lethargic c. Affable d. Tortuous

c. Affable

1. The doctor tried to explain the fundamental difference of the two medications. a. Underlying b. Appropriate c. Basic d. Dosage

c. Basic

1. The doctor wanted to ensure adequate pain relief for the patient. a. Available b. Appropriate c. Enough d. Required

c. Enough

1. Which word refers to a team caption's exaggerated claims about the amount of goals he or she scored during the game? a. Objective b. Precept c. Hyperbole d. Eulogy

c. Hyperbole

1. There was no ______ for the way she treated her boyfriend. a. Alibi b. Rational c. Justification d. Reasonable

c. Justification

1. The flaccid nature of his handshake caused the nurse to look up at him. a. Strength b. Indifferent c. Limp d. Enthusiastic

c. Limp

1. The nurse reported that patient's circulation to that foot was occluded. a. Impaired b. Normal c. Obstructed d. Inadequate

c. Obstructed

1. What does the word Feasible means? a. Unlikely b. Awesome c. Practical d. Impossible

c. Practical

1. The drizzling, cool rain felt exhilarating, especially after long, sun-scorching drought. a. Parched b. Jaunty c. Refreshing d. Lachrymose

c. Refreshing

The Bicycle Today, bicycles are so common that it's hard to believe they haven't always been around. But two hundred years ago, bicycles didn't even exist, and the first bicycle, invented in Germany in 1818, was nothing like our bicycles today. It was made of wood and didn't even have pedals. Since then, however, numerous innovations and improvements in design have made the bicycle one of the most popular means of recreation and transportation around the world. In 1839, Kirkpatrick Macmillan, a Scottish blacksmith, dramatically improved upon the original bicycle design. Macmillan's machine had tires with iron rims to keep them from getting worn down. He also used foot-operated cranks like pedals, so his bicycle could be ridden at a quick pace. It didn't look much like a modern bicycle, though, because its back wheel was substantially larger than its front wheel. In 1861, the French Michaux brothers took the evolution of the bicycle a step further by inventing an improved crank mechanism. Ten years later, James Starley, an English inventor, revolutionized bicycle design. He made the front wheel many times larger than the back wheel, put a gear on the pedals to make the bicycle more efficient, and lightened the wheels by using wire spokes. Although this bicycle was much lighter and less tiring to ride, it was still clumsy, extremely top heavy, and ridden mostly for entertainment. It wasn't until 1874 that the first truly modern bicycle appeared on the scene. (14) Invented by another Englishman, H.J. Lawson, the "safety bicycle" would look familiar to today's cyclists. This bicycle had equal-sized wheels, which made it less prone to toppling over. Lawson also attached a chain to the pedals to drive the rear wheel. With these improvements, the bicycle became extremely popular and useful for transportation. Today they are built, used, and enjoyed all over the world. 2. The main idea of this passage is best expressed in which sentence? a. Sentence (1): Today, bicycles are so common that it's hard to believe they haven't always been around. b. Sentence (13): It was 't until 1874 that the first truly modern bicycle appeared on the scene. c. Sentence (4): Since then, however, numerous innovations and improvements in design have made the bicycle one of the most popular means of recreation and transportation around the world. d. Sentence (18): Today they are built, used, and enjoyed all over the world.

c. Sentence (4): Since then, however, numerous innovations and improvements in design have made the bicycle one of the most popular means of recreation and transportation around the world.

1. Which word is used to denote a comparison? a. Quantity b. Then c. Than d. Verdict

c. Than

1. This is an ominous sign. a. Without deceit b. A good omen c. Threatening d. Full of though

c. Threatening

1. The instructions were concise. a. Incomplete b. Hard to understand c. To the point d. Easy to understand

c. To the point

1. He complained of the adverse side effect of his new medication. a. Constant b. Noticeable c. Undesirable d. Frequent

c. Undesirable

1. His deteriorating condition caused the nurse to call the doctor. a. Increasing b. Voracious c. Worsening d. Volatile

c. Worsening

Day light Savings Time It is a well-known fact that it takes the Earth approximately 365 days to move around the sun. At the same time, the Earth revolves or spins around itself over the course of 24 hours, which explains why there is day and night. One half of the Earth is always facing the Sun and the other half is facing away from it. As a result, there are different time zones dividing the globe. Moving suddenly from one time zone into the other, as when flying for example from Asia to North America, causes jetlag. People feel tired, they wake up suddenly during the night and cannot go back to sleep. It takes time to get used to a new time zone. Another thing to consider is the slight tilting of the Earth towards the sun. The Earth does not stand straight but leans a little to one side. Therefore, when it revolves around the Sun, the middle part of the Earth is always closer to the Sun and gets more heat. This part is called the equator, and above it lathes tropics. Countries at the tropics get the same amount of daylight all the time. The sun always rises at 6 am and sets at 6 pm. In contrast, the tips of the Earth or the Poles get hardly any light at all because they are so far away from the sun. There are two main seasons at the Poles. There are 6 months of summer, when the sun is always shining, even at night, and there are 6 months of winter, when there is constant darkness. In between the tropics and the Poles lies the temperate zone, where there are 4 seasons. The sun rises and sets at different times throughout the year. In the spring and summer, it gets light earlier; in the fall and winter it gets dark earlier. People who live in temperate zones take advantage of that fact to get more daylight. At the beginning of spring, countries in Europe and North America readjust their clocks. They change the time on their clocks and watches by moving them an hour ahead. As a result, the sun does not set around 7 or 8 pm as usual, but an hour later. This measure is called Daylight Savings Time (DST) and lasts until the beginning of fall, when people move their clocks back one hour to Standard or regular Time. It is thought that Benjamin Franklin first suggested the introduction of Daylight Savings Time in the 18th century. But, the first serious proposal came in 1907 from William Willet. Yet his idea was shelved by the British government, who refused it because they thought it was unnecessary. Daylight Savings Time was first put into practice by the German government in1916 in order to save energy during the First World War. Shortly after, the United Kingdom followed suit, with the United States doing the same in 1918. The law was very unpopular since people had to wake up earlier and many experienced a feeling like jetlag. But the 1970s energy crisis forced the US to make Daylight Savings Time the law. Studies have shown that the introduction of Daylight Savings Time in the spring saved the US 10,000 barrels of oil per day between 1974-1975. It also prevented 2,000 traffic injuries and 50 traffic-related deaths, saving the country $28 million. Currently, Americans switch to Daylight Savings Time on the first Sunday in April and move back to Standard Time on the last Sunday in October. But as of 2007, the time readjustment will happen even earlier, in March and November. 6. The Daylight Savings Time Energy Act of 1973 was responsible for a. preserving and setting Daylight Saving Time across the continent. b. instituting five time zones in the United States. c. extending Daylight Saving Time in the interest of energy conservation. d. conserving energy by giving the Department of Transport

c. extending Daylight Saving Time in the interest of energy conservation.

4. WHICH SENTENCE IS GRAMMATICALLY CORRECT? a) Several lost his or her keys on the train. b) Does everyone have their train tickets ready? c) Is everyone ready for their ice-cream sundaes? d) Somebody left his or her jacket on the train.

d) Somebody left his or her jacket on the train.

1) In which sentence is the form fast used as an adverb? a) The fast car drove over the bridge. b) The batter could not hit the fast pitch c) The clock on the wall is 10 minutes fast. d) The cars on the overpass moved fast.

d) The cars on the overpass moved fast.

17. SELECT THE SENTENCE IN WHICH SNAKE IS USED AS A VERB. Correct aa) The cobra is venomous snake. b) The plumber used his snake to open up the clogged pipe c) You are being a snake when you steal from me. d) The spy had to snake his way furtively (secretly) onto the train.

d) The spy had to snake his way furtively (secretly) onto the train.

The Bicycle Today, bicycles are so common that it's hard to believe they haven't always been around. But two hundred years ago, bicycles didn't even exist, and the first bicycle, invented in Germany in 1818, was nothing like our bicycles today. It was made of wood and didn't even have pedals. Since then, however, numerous innovations and improvements in design have made the bicycle one of the most popular means of recreation and transportation around the world. In 1839, Kirkpatrick Macmillan, a Scottish blacksmith, dramatically improved upon the original bicycle design. Macmillan's machine had tires with iron rims to keep them from getting worn down. He also used foot-operated cranks like pedals, so his bicycle could be ridden at a quick pace. It didn't look much like a modern bicycle, though, because its back wheel was substantially larger than its front wheel. In 1861, the French Michaux brothers took the evolution of the bicycle a step further by inventing an improved crank mechanism. Ten years later, James Starley, an English inventor, revolutionized bicycle design. He made the front wheel many times larger than the back wheel, put a gear on the pedals to make the bicycle more efficient, and lightened the wheels by using wire spokes. Although this bicycle was much lighter and less tiring to ride, it was still clumsy, extremely top heavy, and ridden mostly for entertainment. It wasn't until 1874 that the first truly modern bicycle appeared on the scene. (14) Invented by another Englishman, H.J. Lawson, the "safety bicycle" would look familiar to today's cyclists. This bicycle had equal-sized wheels, which made it less prone to toppling over. Lawson also attached a chain to the pedals to drive the rear wheel. With these improvements, the bicycle became extremely popular and useful for transportation. Today they are built, used, and enjoyed all over the world. 9. Sentence (8), "It didn't look much like a modern bicycle, though, because its back wheel was substantially larger than its front wheel," follows which pattern? a. fact, fact b. fact, opinion c. opinion, fact d. opinion, opinion

c. opinion, fact

When assessing a female client who describes herself as a vegetarian in the nurse notes that she has an unusual skin color. The nurse should ask the client if she has eaten large amount of:

carrot and squash.

capillaries

carry blood away from body in order to exchange nutrients oxygen and waste

polypeptide are

chains of amino acids

What are hormones?

chemical messengers

cartilaginous

connection between articulating bones made up of cartilage

which tissue serves as the framework of the body by providing support and structure for organs

connective

most abundant tissue

connective tissue

in order for inhalation to occur

contraction of the diaphragm, which enlarges the chest cavity and draws air

layers of epidermis (outer to inner)

corneum, lucidum, granulosum, spinosum, basale can lily grant serena boys

blood that has supplied nutrients and oxygen to heart msucle returns to right atrium via

coronary sinus

adrenal gland secretes

cortisol and aldosterone

Select the word or phrase in the sentence that is not used correctly. 1) He had already finished studying at an university when he was called to join the army. a) Was called b) Studying c) Had already d) An

d) An

1) Which phrase should be moved to the end of the sentence? The painted decided to use the urn as his subject with flowers on the table. a) With flowers b) The urn c) The painter decided d) As his subject

d) As his subject

Select the word or phrase in the sentence that is not used correctly. 1) The car that he had seen at the Ford dealer was the one that he final decided to buy. a) Was b) Had seen c) To buy d) Final

d) Final

1) Which sentence is grammatically correct? a) Gosh, I be odering a V-8! b) Gosh, I coulda had a V-8! c) Gosh I could have had a V-8! d) Gosh, I should ordered a V-8!

d) Gosh, I should ordered a V-8!

23. I am looking forward to ________ my birthday party at work. a) Has b) Have c) Had d) Having

d) Having

WHICH SENTENCE IS GRAMMATICALLY INCORRECT, 95. The man's heart attack scared him badly and he decided having a regular check-up from then on. a) Man's b) Badly c) From d) Having

d) Having

1) Select the sentence in which legal is used as an adjective. a) It is legal to were green on March 17th. b) He did not know that jaywalking was not legal. c) It is not legal to jaywalk d) He is a legal resident of the United States.

d) He is a legal resident of the United States.

11. She was so mad at her boyfriend, she ____________ on him when he called. a) Yelled b) Screamed c) Speak d) Hung up

d) Hung up

WHICH SENTENCE IS GRAMMATICALLY INCORRECT, 86. During the time he lived in New York, he worked as a writer, and editor, and a library. a) As b) An c) During d) Library

d) Library

34. The accident _____________________ if the motorist had obeyed the speed limit sign. a) Never happened b) Would happen never c) Never would happen d) Never would have happened

d) Never would have happened

Select the word or phrase in the sentence that is not used correctly. 1) The charge nurse overheard the nursing assistant discussing the private details of a client medical condition with personnel friend in the hospital cafeteria. a) Details b) Overheard c) Client's d) Personnel

d) Personnel

WHICH SENTENCE IS GRAMMATICALLY INCORRECT, 77. The charge nurse overheard the nursing assistant discussing the private details of a client's medical condition with a personnel friend in the hospital cafeteria. a) Client's b) Overheard c) Details d) Personnel

d) Personnel

1. ____ are very ancient people. a. The chineses b. Chineses c. The Chinese d. Chinese

d. Chinese

THE WHITE ELEPHANT Centuries ago, in the country of Siam, now known as Thailand, it was the custom of the rulers that displeased them by giving the offender a white elephant. Because the animal was could not be made to work as other elephants did, but still had to be fed hundreds of pounds of fruit and cared for in the most lavish style. The recipient could not give the elephant to anyone else, as it was the ruler, who would be greatly displeased should the recipient not receive the gift graciously or care for in a grand style. This monetary burden could be a major liability to the recipient and in many cases they became impoverished. This is the origin of the term "white elephant" as it is used today to denote an unwanted gift. The way of gift exchange played during the holiday season is an offshoot of this. In this game, everyone brings, and the gifts are exchanged by drawing numbers and picking a gift in turn. The second person can choose or steal the first one. It is all in good fun, and people enjoy giving silly gifts and "stealing" someone else. 4.Impoverished meaning?

financially ruined

what bones are formed first during intramembraneous ossification

flat bone of face and cranial

soft spot on baby head

fontanelle

Calcaneus is located in?

foot

exocytosis

fuses within plasma membrane and releases content outside of cell

Which is a hollow organ?

gall bladder

what do endocrine hormones do

growth metabolsim sexual development and function

Client has large pituitary tumor what part of the body does this effect?

head hurt, sickness, low blood pressure

4 steps of bone ossification

hematoma formation callus formation ossification bone remodeling

synovial joints

highly moveable hinge, pivot, saddle

fibrous joint

immoveable and held together by ligaments only ex. teeth in socket

THE WHITE ELEPHANT Centuries ago, in the country of Siam, now known as Thailand, it was the custom of the rulers that displeased them by giving the offender a white elephant. Because the animal was could not be made to work as other elephants did, but still had to be fed hundreds of pounds of fruit and cared for in the most lavish style. The recipient could not give the elephant to anyone else, as it was the ruler, who would be greatly displeased should the recipient not receive the gift graciously or care for in a grand style. This monetary burden could be a major liability to the recipient and in many cases they became impoverished. This is the origin of the term "white elephant" as it is used today to denote an unwanted gift. The way of gift exchange played during the holiday season is an offshoot of this. In this game, everyone brings, and the gifts are exchanged by drawing numbers and picking a gift in turn. The second person can choose or steal the first one. It is all in good fun, and people enjoy giving silly gifts and "stealing" someone else. 3.What is implied by the article? people enjoy giving/receiving gifts

people enjoy giving/receiving gifts

muscle contraction that moves food thru digestive tract

peristalsis

neutrophils

phagocytize microorganisms

Photosynthesis-

precursor to the glucose molecule is produced in a process. Use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water. Generates oxygen as a byproduct.

Golgi apparatus functions as?

process protein secreation. synthesize carbs and glycoproteins

oxytocin

produced by hypothalamus and released by posterior pituitary

Which structure produces B-lymphocytes?

red bone marrow

What is the function of the hypothalamus

regulates function of body, balance, thermoreg

active transport

requires energy and work from cell

What structure of the eye picks out color?

retina

What stimulates the chemoreceptors to function?

rise in CO2; Fall in o2

Boorish-

rough and bad-mannered

What plane divides the body from left to right?

sagittal plane

sebaceous gland

secretes oil

how does nervous system work with muscular

tells muscles how to respond to environment

Aerobic respiration takes place in

the mitochondria and requires oxygen and glucose, and produces carbon dioxide, water, and energy.

Mitosis-

the process of cell division that occurs in five stages before pinching two "daughter" cells in a process called cytokinesis

the ribs are attached to

the sternum

Meiosis:

to make haploid gametes and the production of germs cells

afferent

toward CNS

somatic nervous system

voluntary movements

when a boxer gets hit and has a deviated septum

vomer (in nose)

WHICH SENTENCE IS GRAMMATICALLY INCORRECT, 1. He tried to walks the entire length of the hall by himself but had to call for assistance half way down.

walks

what makes up most plasma

water