HG Chapter 10.1

Where do they live?

•artic •interior of Africa, Australia, South America -> Australia's Great Victorian Desert Andaman Islans Botswana Namibia

What are the characteristics of a hunter-gatherer society?

•lived in small groups •collected food often •might take a short or long amount of time depending on the region

Define agriculture

farming

Define subsistence agriculture

growing only enough food to survive

Farm Size in Subsistence Agriculture

small; (2.5 acres)

Define crop

any plant gathered from a field as a harvest during a particular season; any plant cultivated by people

Define commercial agriculture

Agriculture undertaken primarily to generate products for sale off the farm.

What are the three main features that separate commercial agriculture from subsistence agriculture?

% of farmers in the labor force the use of machinery farm size

Using Figures 10-3 and 10-4, indicate the crop hearths and animal hearths on the map below.

Crop hearths- Latin America, Sub-Suharan Africa, Southwest Asia, East Asia, Southeast Asia Animal hearths- Southwest Asia, East Asia, Europe

Use of Machinery in Subsistence Agriculture

Hand tools and animal power

% of Farmers in Labor Force in Commercial Agriculture

In developed countries, few people engage in commercial farming.

% of Farmers in Labor Force in Subsistence Agriculture

In developing countries, majority are subsistence farmers. 44% are engaged in directly farming Developed countries have around 5% of workers directly engaged in farming

Farm Size in Commercial Agriculture

Large farms, small number of farms, have a lot of machines and are treated like factories. (As much as 418 acres)

How many hunter-gatherers are there today?

Less than .005%

Use of Machinery in Commercial Agriculture

Lots of machines

What was the agricultural revolution?

Period from the early 1700s until the mid-1800s during which machines and improved technology replaced manual labor and traditional methods in farming.