HIST 101 Ch. 15

Northern commitment to Reconstruction waned as a result of A. All these answers are correct. B. the Panic of 1873. C. the growing political strength of Democrats. D. perceptions of black and carpetbag misgovernment in the South. E. the adoption of the Fifteenth Amendment.

A. All these answers are correct.

At the conclusion of President Andrew Johnson's impeachment trial, A. Johnson was acquitted by a margin of one vote. B. a majority of senators voted to acquit. C. Johnson resigned from office just prior to the vote. D. every Senate Republican voted to convict. E. Johnson was convicted and then pardoned by the Senate.

A. Johnson was acquitted by a margin of one vote.

By the 1890s, voting percentages in the South had A. decreased for both whites and blacks. B. increased for whites and declined for blacks. C. declined for blacks only. D. increased for whites only. E. increased for blacks only.

A. decreased for both whites and blacks.

In 1868, Ulysses S. Grant A. entered the White House with no political experience. B. won a huge victory. C. relied on many of his former military advisors to join his administration. D. ran against Republican Reconstruction policies. E. was nominated by both the Republican Party and the Democratic Party.

A. entered the White House with no political experience.

In 1865, Southern blacks defined "freedom" as A. independence from white control. B. All these answers are correct. C. immediate representation in the U.S. Congress. D. an end to slavery. E. the ability to return to their ancestral homelands.

A. independence from white control.

President Abraham Lincoln's "10 percent" plan for the South referred to the A. number of white voters required to take loyalty oaths before setting up a state government. B. percentage of freed slaves who must be given the right to vote before setting up a state government. C. ratio of federal troops to freed slaves in each Southern state. D. area of land in each state that should be reserved for former slaves. E. ratio of federal to state money to be spent in rebuilding the Southern economy.

A. number of white voters required to take loyalty oaths before setting up a state government.

As president, Andrew Johnson A. offered some form of amnesty to Southerners who pledged their loyalty to the United States. B. long delayed presenting his own plans for Reconstruction. C. proposed delaying the ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment. D. quickly sided with the Radical Republicans. E. argued the South should be readmitted to the Union without conditions.

A. offered some form of amnesty to Southerners who pledged their loyalty to the United States.

During Reconstruction, per capita income for Southerners A. rose for blacks and declined for whites. B. rose for blacks and whites. C. declined for whites. D. rose for whites. E. rose for blacks.

A. rose for blacks and declined for whites.

During the last quarter of the nineteenth century, southern agriculture A. saw the great majority of farmers live under the tenant system. B. saw a significant diversification of its crops. C. saw a deceleration of the processes begun in the postwar years. D. regained the profitability it had had prior to the Civil War. E. saw a decline in absentee ownership of farmland.

A. saw the great majority of farmers live under the tenant system.

The Fifteenth Amendment dealt with the issue of A. suffrage. B. citizenship. C. slavery. D. income tax. E. cruel and unusual punishment.

A. suffrage.

In the South during the last twenty years of the nineteenth century, A. the southern share of national manufacturing doubled. B. southerners became more dependent on agriculture than ever. C. most industrial growth came from coal mining. D. per capita income fell sharply. E. the average income reached 80 percent of that in the North.

A. the southern share of national manufacturing doubled.

During Reconstruction, Southern African American officeholders A. underrepresented the total number of blacks living in the South. B. rarely engaged in illegal political activities. C. did not serve in the federal Congress or Senate. D. filled as many as five seats in the United States Senate. E. were excluded from state constitutional conventions.

A. underrepresented the total number of blacks living in the South.

During Reconstruction, most "carpetbaggers" were A. Northern politicians who took offices in Southern states. B. Northern white veterans who moved to the South. C. former confederates who moved to the West. D. white Southerners who moved to the North. E. freedmen who moved out of the South.

B. Northern white veterans who moved to the South.

As Republicans planned for Reconstruction, A. they were hampered by the fact that no thought had been given to the task until the end of the war. B. Radicals sought a range of punishments for white Southerners. C. Conservatives sought many conditions to readmit the former Confederate states. D. President Lincoln suggested that no conditions be put on the former Confederate states. E. moderates believed the South should be readmitted without any concessions on black rights.

B. Radicals sought a range of punishments for white Southerners.

At the end of the Civil War, the number of slaves that emerged from bondage was A. about 2.5 million. B. about 3.5 million. C. about 800,000. D. about 1 million. E. about 6 million.

B. about 3.5 million.

In 1865, Southern whites defined "freedom" as A. the removal of freed blacks from their states. B. controlling their future without Northern interference. C. monetary compensation for lost slaves. D. the right of Southern states to remain outside of the Union. E. the right to use federal assistance to recover from the Civil War.

B. controlling their future without Northern interference.

In the 1860s, Black Codes were A. enacted by the Freedmen's Bureau to give freed blacks voting rights. B. designed to give whites control over freedmen. C. holdovers from the antebellum era that were repealed by Southern state governments. D. passed by Congress to govern former Confederate states. E. vetoed by President Andrew Johnson.

B. designed to give whites control over freedmen.

In the South, the crop-lien system along with the burdensome credit system A. was generally imposed on blacks, but not white farmers. B. encouraged the planting of cash crops. C. saw interest rates rise as high as 20 or 30 percent. D. nearly disappeared during Reconstruction. E. led to crop diversification.

B. encouraged the planting of cash crops.

Among other positions, Booker T. Washington A. proposed an exodus of blacks from the South to the West. B. favored industrial over classical education. C. argued that blacks spent too much time trying to impress the white middle class. D. rejected the ideology of the "New South creed." E. called on the federal government to offer job training for blacks.

B. favored industrial over classical education.

Jim Crow laws A. challenged white Redeemer rule in the South. B. imposed a system of state-supported segregation. C. attacked the problem of lynching. D. did not apply to public parks, beaches, or picnic areas. E. led immediately to a dramatic black exodus from the South.

B. imposed a system of state-supported segregation.

Advocates of the "New South" A. discouraged white women from working outside of the home. B. promoted southern industry and railroad development. C. opposed using northern capital. D. challenged the assumptions of white supremacy. E. in fact advocated a return to the plantation system of the antebellum South.

B. promoted southern industry and railroad development.

As a result of the Supreme Court's ruling in Ex parte Milligan, some Radical Republicans A. ended military tribunals in favor of civil courts. B. proposed abolishing the Court. C. established military tribunals in additional Southern states. D. reduced the number of justices on the Court. E. tempered many of their Reconstruction plans.

B. proposed abolishing the Court.

In 1867, congressional plans for Reconstruction A. required that state legislatures ratify the Thirteenth Amendment. B. required new state governments in the South to give voting rights to black males. C. replaced federal military commanders in the South with civilian leaders. D. granted forty acres of land to every adult male former slave. E. were rejected by every former Confederate state.

B. required new state governments in the South to give voting rights to black males.

The Tenure of Office Act A. was roundly condemned by Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton. B. was designed to limit President Andrew Johnson's authority. C. None of these answers is correct. D. was both designed to limit President Andrew Johnson's authority and roundly condemned by Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton. E. gave the Senate the power to appoint members of the president's cabinet.

B. was designed to limit President Andrew Johnson's authority.

The Panic of 1873 A. saw Republicans call on Grant to go off the gold standard. B. began after the Southern crop-lien system collapsed. C. was the nation's worst economic depression to that time. D. began after revelations of corruption in the Grant administration. E. saw President Grant favor putting more paper currency into circulation.

C. was the nation's worst economic depression to that time.

Which of the following statements about the end of Reconstruction is accurate? A. A lack of respect for private property and free enterprise prevented any real assault on economic privilege in the South. B. Given the context within which Americans of the 1860s and 1870s were working, it is surprising that Reconstruction did so little. C. Many white Southern leaders sympathized with Republican economic policies in the South but could not publicly support them. D. The president and his party had hoped to build up a "new Democratic" organization in the South. E. The president and his party proved uninterested in supporting even modest acceptance of African American rights.

C. Many white Southern leaders sympathized with Republican economic policies in the South but could not publicly support them.

After the Civil War, most poor rural Southerners relied on credit from A. Northern financial institutions. B. the federal government. C. country stores. D. state governments. E. local banks.

C. country stores.

The Fourteenth Amendment A. ended slavery throughout the United States. B. was written in such a way as to appease the woman's suffrage movement. C. gave citizenship rights to all people born in the United States. D. was ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. E. gave voting rights to all male Americans.

C. gave citizenship rights to all people born in the United States.

The assassination of President Abraham Lincoln A. was intended to bring Andrew Johnson into the presidency. B. saw John Wilkes Booth convicted of the murder of the president. C. involved a larger conspiracy to kill other members of the administration. D. had been planned at the highest levels of the Confederate government. E. brought a Radical Republican to the presidency.

C. involved a larger conspiracy to kill other members of the administration.

By the time Grant left office, Democrats had taken back control of the government in A. none of the former Confederate states. B. just three of the former Confederate states. C. most of the former Confederate states. D. all of the former Confederate states except South Carolina. E. all of the former Confederate states except Florida.

C. most of the former Confederate states.

During Reconstruction, regarding land ownership in the South, A. the Freedmen's Bureau distributed millions of acres of land to freedmen. B. most plantations abandoned during the Civil War remained vacant. C. ownership by whites declined, while ownership by blacks increased. D. ownership by both whites and blacks increased. E. the federal government vigorously acted to confiscate land owned by former Confederates.

C. ownership by whites declined, while ownership by blacks increased.

During Reconstruction, the Southern school system A. only offered primary instruction. B. initially were not segregated. C. reached 40 percent of all black children by 1876. D. barely reached any children of former slaves. E. did not allow blacks to be teachers.

C. reached 40 percent of all black children by 1876.

In the 1890s, the black journalist Ida B. Wells devoted her writing to attacking A. the loss of black voting rights. B. the legality of segregation. C. the crime of lynching. D. the arguments of Booker T. Washington. E. restrictions on black education.

C. the crime of lynching.

Congressional passage of the Enforcement Acts in 1870-1871 A. gave legal protection to the Ku Klux Klan. B. was vetoed by President Ulysses Grant. C. was aimed at reducing white repression of blacks in the South. D. allowed white Southerners to maintain a police state. E. was designed to support the Black Codes.

C. was aimed at reducing white repression of blacks in the South.

During Reconstruction, there was a dramatic improvement in Southern A. industry. B. agriculture. C. banking. D. education. E. transportation.

D. education.

The Alabama claims A. were found by the Supreme Court to invalidate Radical Reconstruction. B. ended an experiment in black landownership. C. saw the United States refuse to pay Alabama for losses incurred during the Civil War. D. involved complaints by the United States against England. E. marked a renewed effort in asserting the rights of states over federal authority.

D. involved complaints by the United States against England.

As president, Rutherford B. Hayes A. helped to unify Republicans and Democrats. B. promised to take the South back from the "Redeemers." C. called for a modest expansion of Reconstruction programs. D. promised to serve only one term. E. refused to make political compromises with Democrats.

D. promised to serve only one term.

The Supreme Court ruled in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) that A. the Fourteenth Amendment was unconstitutional. B. private institutions were exempt from laws against racial discrimination. C. communities could have schools for whites only, even if there were no schools for blacks. D. racial segregation was legal if whites and blacks had equal "accommodations." E. segregation by race in education was inherently unconstitutional.

D. racial segregation was legal if whites and blacks had equal "accommodations."

During Reconstruction, the black labor force worked A. significantly more hours than the white labor force. B. significantly less hours than the white labor force. C. approximately the same number of hours as during slavery. D. significantly fewer hours than had been the case during slavery. E. more hours than had been the case during slavery.

D. significantly fewer hours than had been the case during slavery.

The Wade-Davis Bill A. denied reentry into the Union by former Confederate states for 10 years. B. was criticized by Conservative Republicans for being too mild. C. quickly became the law of the land. D. sought to bring about the disenfranchisement of leading Confederates. E. essentially followed President Lincoln's Reconstruction plans.

D. sought to bring about the disenfranchisement of leading Confederates.

The elections of 1876 saw A. the Supreme Court decide the presidential election. B. Ulysses Grant make an unsuccessful bid for an unprecedented third term. C. the governor of New York become president. D. the candidate with the most popular votes fail to get elected. E. a Democrat become president for the first time since the Civil War.

D. the candidate with the most popular votes fail to get elected.

Schuyler Colfax, Grant's vice president, A. was fired by Grant for incompetence. B. was assassinated by a disgruntled former plantation owner. C. opposed almost every one of Grant's policies. D. was involved in a stock-fixing scandal. E. None of these answers is correct.

D. was involved in a stock-fixing scandal.

After Reconstruction, political power under southern "Redeemers" A. increased state services for the poor. B. typically relied on raising taxes for its funding. C. helped consolidate the "Solid South" for the Republican Party. D. was very often restricted and conservative. E. ignored the interests of industrialists.

D. was very often restricted and conservative.

During the Johnson administration, the United States acquired A. Hawaii. B. the Virgin Islands. C. Puerto Rico. D. Guam. E. Alaska.

E. Alaska.

In 1868, President Andrew Johnson was impeached because he A. dismissed Edwin Stanton from office. B. both violated the Tenure of Office Act and dismissed Edwin Stanton from office. C. violated the Tenure of Office Act. D. offered political opposition to Radical Republicans. E. All these answers are correct.

E. All these answers are correct.

During Reconstruction, the term "scalawags" referred to A. white Southerners who still embraced their former affiliation with the Confederacy. B. free black Southerners. C. Northerners who moved south. D. Southerners who moved north. E. Southern white Republicans.

E. Southern white Republicans.

In his 1895 "Atlanta Compromise" speech, Booker T. Washington A. criticized the federal government for abandoning southern blacks. B. stated that blacks should give up in seeking equality with whites. C. argued that blacks should honor their African forebears. D. called for political and civil rights for black Americans. E. called for tacit acceptance of the emerging system of racial segregation.

E. called for tacit acceptance of the emerging system of racial segregation.

The Freedmen's Bureau A. was created to operate for only five years. B. pushed for voting rights for former male slaves. C. created millions of federal public works jobs for former slaves. D. gave forty acres of land and a mule to millions of Southern blacks. E. distributed food to millions of former slaves.

E. distributed food to millions of former slaves.

In the final days of the Civil War, President Abraham Lincoln A. called on the Confederacy to negotiate a peace treaty with the United States. B. argued it best to readmit the Confederate states to the Union without condition. C. declared that the Confederate government must repudiate its constitution. D. met with Jefferson Davis in Richmond, Virginia. E. insisted that the Confederacy had no legal right to exist.

E. insisted that the Confederacy had no legal right to exist.

By the end of Reconstruction, A. black women still could not marry with any legal standing. B. most black women did not hold a job. C. most Southern black women played a role in the family that was very different from that of white women. D. most Southern black women did field work. E. roughly half of all black women were working for wages.

E. roughly half of all black women were working for wages.

Black sharecropping A. involved close white supervision, which recalled the days of slavery. B. usually led to economic independence. C. differed sharply from the tenant system. D. represented a continuation of the pre-Civil War gang-labor system. E. was a very common occupation of former slaves.

E. was a very common occupation of former slaves.