HIST 1302- Unit 4 Questions
A leading voice of the Beats was a. Allen Ginsberg. b. Adlai Stevenson. c. William Levitt. d. Orval Faubus.
A
All of the following were instrumental in suburban life and the rise of the subdivisions except a. the loss of a communal city center. b. the availability and affordability of cars. c. government-backed low-interest loans to returning veterans. d. the construction of malls.
A
At the nationally televised Army-McCarthy hearings in 1954, it was revealed that a. McCarthy was a bully who browbeat witnesses and made sweeping accusations with no basis in fact. b. McCarthy gloated that he was right and the army had been willing to look the other way to save their reputation. c. McCarthy was not fit to stand trial; instead he sent his assistant to read the charges, which could not be entered into evidence without McCarthy's physical appearance in the hearings. d. neither side was able to prove their point; Congress dropped the charges as there was insufficient evidence.
A
Malcolm X: Who was the , , and who was after he formed his own Organization of Afro-American Unity? a. All of the Above b. assassinated by members of the Nation of Islam c. Insisted that blacks control the political and economic resources of their communities d. leading African-American known for his fiery oratory
A
The 1964 Civil Rights Act prohibited all of the following except a. racial discrimination in housing rental or sale. b. racial discrimination in employment. c. racial discrimination in privately owned public accommodations. d. discrimination on the grounds of sex.
A
The Cold War suddenly turned hot in June 1950 in these regions. a. North Korea and South Korea b. the Balkans c. East Berlin and West Berlin d. North Vietnam and South Vietnam
A
The June 1947 United States foreign policy initiative that envisioned a New Deal for Europe, and pledged billions of dollars to finance European economic recovery was a. the Truman Doctrine. b. the Marshall Plan. c. the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). d. the Fair Deal.
A
The Taft-Hartley Act of 1947 a. withdrew bargaining rights and legal protection form unions whose leaders failed to swear that they were not communists. b. launched a series of hearings about communist influence in Hollywood. c. called for replacing the quotas based on national origins with a more flexible system taking into account family reunion, labor needs, and political asylum. d. guaranteed workers the right to form unions.
A
The United Nations committee that drafted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was led by a. Eleanor Roosevelt. b. Norman Rockwell. c. Alger Hiss. d. George C. Marshall.
A
Which does not describe Rosa Parks in the years prior to her December 1, 1955, arrest? a. She was a housewife, with no previous experience as a political activist. b. She had attended a training session for political activists at the Highlander School in Tennessee. c. She was for many years a secretary in her local NAACP chapter. d. She was a participant in meetings protesting the conviction of the Scottsboro Boys.
A
A leading motto of the Women's Liberation movement was a. "We are the silent majority." b. "The personal is political." c. "Pay any price, bear any burden." d. "Turn on, tune in, drop out."
B
The U.S. Supreme Court ruling that an individual in police custody must be informed of the right to remain silent was a. Missouri v. Seibert. b. Miranda v. Arizona. c. Baker v. Carr. d. Harris v. New York
B
Which was not a development of 1949? a. Mao Zedong emerged victorious in the long Chinese Civil War. b. The Soviets formalized their own eastern European alliance, the Warsaw Pact. c. The Soviet Union tested its first atomic bomb. d. NATO was established.
B
The House Un-American Activities Committee charged these people with contempt of Congress, serving jail terms of six months to a year. a. union workers and protesters outside the New York Harbor b. braceros laboring in the United States yet not American citizens c. the Hollywood Ten d. the State Department Circle
C
As families escaped their everyday lives for the "open road," this businessman franchised his business into approximately 700 McDonald's fast-food stands built by 1964. a. Dave Thomas b. Conrad Hilton c. William Levitt d. Ray Kroc
D
As late as the 1990s, nearly 90 percent of suburban whites lived in communities with non-white populations of less than a. 10 percent. b. 15 percent. c. 20 percent. d. 1 percent.
D
During the 1950s, the mass movement for civil rights found principal support among a. Democratic and Republican political leaders. b. union leaders. c. corporate leaders. d. the southern black church.
D
In 1951, a jury convicted this couple of conspiracy to pass secrets concerning the atomic bomb to Soviet agents during World War II. a. Alex and Anna Chapman b. Bernard Boursicot and Shi Pei Pu c. Robert and Dayna Baer d. Julius and Ethel Rosenberg
D
This long-time civil rights organizer call a meeting in Raleigh, North Carolina, in April 1960, out of which produced the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC). a. Martin Luther King Jr b. John Lewis c. Stokely Carmichael d. Ella Baker
D
This prominent militant group, founded in Oakland, California, in 1966, was varied in their focus. While becoming notorious for armed self-defense in response to police brutality, they also ran health clinics, schools, and children's breakfast programs. a. Young Americans for Freedom b. the New Left c. Freedom Riders d. the Black Panther Party
D
In 1949, the containment policy suffered a major setback in the form of a. the "loss" of China to communism. b. the invasion of South Korea. c. the overthrow of the government of Greece. d. the publication of NSC-68.
A
In May 1963, President Kennedy endorsed the civil Rights Movement when Birmingham police chief Eugene "Bull" Connor unleashed his forces against: a. schoolchildren b. moviegoers c. housewives d. sit-in demonstrators
A
In the aftermath of Rosa Parks's arrest for refusing to give her bus seat to a white rider, a yearlong bus boycott took place in what city? a. Montgomery, Alabama b. Memphis, Tennessee c. Little Rock, Arkansas d. Birmingham, Alabama
A
The organization demanding greater Indian tribal self-government and the restoration of economic resources guaranteed in treaties, founded in 1968, was called a. the American Indian Movement. b. the Indian Militancy Group. c. the American Indian Assimilationists. d. the Wounded Knee Solidaritists.
A
The principal organization in the Southwest—the equivalent of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)—that challenged restrictions on housing and employment, as well as the segregation of Latino students was named a. the League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC). b. the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU). c. the Congress on Racial Equality (CORE). d. the National Urban League (NUL).
A
This conservative political group was founded in 1960 after meeting at the estate of William F. Buckley, with a goal of taking control of the Republican Party from leaders who had, in their opinions, embraced some communist doctrines, such as the New Deal. a. Young Americans for Freedom b. Mattachine Society c. the Peace Corps d. Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party
A
This person assumed the presidency after Roosevelt's death in April 1945. a. Harry S. Truman b. J. Strom Thurmond c. Dwight D. Eisenhower d. Thomas E. Dewey
A
What was the coalition of black ministers and civil rights activists that pressed for desegregation and was formed in 1955, and in whose organizing Martin Luther King Jr., took the lead? a. the Southern Christian Leadership Conference b. the Interfaith Council of Churches c. the Congress on Racial Equality d. the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
A
What was the name for the 1965 immigration law that abandoned the national origins quota system and established racially neutral criteria for immigration? a. Hart-Celler Act b. the Turner-Whitfield Act c. the Dawes Act d. the Johnson-Hays Act
A
Which of the following series of events is listed in proper sequence? a. Geneva summit between Eisenhower and Khrushchev; Soviet invasion of Hungary; U-2 incident b. National Defense Education Act; launching of Sputnik; end of Korean War c. Nixon's "Checkers speech"; Eisenhower's farewell address; Nixon-Kennedy debates d. start of Montgomery bus boycott; Southern Manifesto; Brown v. Board of Education
A
Which of the following was not a significant trend in 1950s America? a. a surge of student radicalism on college campuses b. the growing association of the automobile with individual freedom c. the emergence of TV as the nation's prevalent form of entertainment d. the rise of a youth culture that challenged the bland conformism of postwar America
A
Which of the following was not a step toward racial equality in postwar America? a. the signing of Jackie Robinson to the Brooklyn Dodgers b. the release of the Commission on Civil Rights report, To Secure These Rights c. the desegregation of the armed forces d. the defeat of Operation Dixie
A
Which was not part of the new "social contract" between organized labor and management in leading industries during the 1950s? a. Unions sponsored "wildcat" strikes in an effort to discipline management. b. Employers granted benefits such as private pension plans, health insurance, and automatic cost-of-living pay adjustments to employees. c. Employers ceased trying to eliminate existing unions. d. Unions agreed to leave decisions regarding capital investment and plant location in management's hands.
A
Who was the U.S. senator from Wisconsin who announced in February 1950 that he had a list of Communists working for the State Department, and whose name later entered the political vocabulary as shorthand for character assassination, guilt by association, and abuse of power in the name of anticommunism? a. Joseph R. McCarthy b. Alger Hiss c. George C. Marshall d. Julius Rosenberg
A
"Containment" in the context of post-World War II international diplomacy on the part of the United States referred to a. the policy by which the United States committed itself to containing its power principally to domestic issues; in this context, "containment" is another word for isolationism. b. the policy by which the United States committed itself to preventing any further expansion of Soviet power. c. the policy by which the United States committed itself to containing the flow of illegal immigrants from Latin America. d. the policy by which the United States committed itself to isolationism.
B
During much of the Cold War, this agency funded the Museum of Modern Art in New York. a. Federal Bureau of Investigation b. Central Intelligence Agency c. Library of Congress d. Department of Education
B
In the 1950s, Richard Nixon pioneered efforts to transform the Republican Party's image a. from defender of freedom-loving peoples and anticommunists to proponents of détente. b. from defender of business to champion of the "forgotten man," for whom heavy taxation had become a burden. c. from defender of the small farmer to champion of the military-industrial complex. d. from defender of the military-industrial complex to champion of the small farmer
B
In the context of postwar civil rights, what baseball player joined the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1947, challenging the longstanding exclusion of black players from Major League Baseball? a. Paul Robeson b. Jackie Robinson c. Jim Thorpe d. James Farmer
B
The "Dixiecrat" presidential ticket of 1948 was led by a. Joseph McCarthy. b. Strom Thurmond. c. Hubert Humphrey. d. Richard Nixon.
B
The 1968 Kerner Report blamed the widespread inner-city riots—occurring across the country from Harlem to Watts—on a. the Democratic Party. b. segregation, poverty, and "white racism." c. African-Americans. d. the Republican Party.
B
The Marshall Plan: a. All of the Above b. called for the United States to contribute billions of dollars to finance the economic recovery of Europe. c. that countries which owed the United States money would not receive any economic aid. d. required that the United States cut ties with European countries that owed the United States money.
B
The Truman Doctrine in March 1947 a. asserted that the United States, as the leader of the "free world," must take up responsibility for supporting "freedom-loving peoples" wherever communism threatened them. b. established the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). c. immediately challenged the Soviet blockade of West Berlin with around-the-clock supply flights into West Berlin. d. aided in persuading both Republicans and Democrats in Congress to support his policies, beginning a long period of bipartisan support for the containment of communism.
B
The Truman administration responded to the Soviet blockade of West Berlin by a. putting political pressure on the United Nations. b. leading efforts to break the blockade by airlifting supplies to the city. c. making threats to use atomic weapons against the Soviet Union. d. leading a United Nations expeditionary force to relieve the city.
B
The baby boom lasted until a. the mid-1970s. b. the mid-1960s. c. the late 1950s. d. the early 1980s.
B
The gelatinous form of gasoline that burns the skin of anyone exposed to it that was dropped by American airplanes on enemy positions during the Vietnam War was called a. Agent Orange. b. napalm. c. deoxygen. d. Petroline.
B
The name for the small group of poets and writers who railed against mainstream culture, and that included Jack Kerouac and Allen Ginsberg, was a. Beatles. b. Beats. c. yippies. d. hippies.
B
The so-called kitchen debate between Nixon and Khrushchev occurred in a. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. b. Moscow, Russia. c. New York City, New York. d. Stalingrad, Russia.
B
What was the 1947 law that sought to reverse gains made by organized labor in the preceding decade, and authorized the president to suspend strikes by ordering an eighty-day cooling-off period, banned sympathy strikes and secondary boycotts, outlawed the closed shop, and authorized states to pass "right to work" laws? a. the Taft-Hartley Act b. the Wagner Act c. the White Act d. the Fair Labor Standards Act
B
What was the title of the 1963 book by Betty Friedan that took as its theme the emptiness of consumer culture, and painted the suburban home as a "comfortable concentration camp" for women? a. Fear of Flying b. The Feminine Mystique c. The Flames of Discontent d. A Fierce Discontent
B
Which of the following was not a central purpose of President Johnson's Great Society program? a. enhancing the access of poor people to a good education b. establishing a federally guaranteed annual income for every family c. ending poverty in America d. providing food for the needy
B
Which of the following was not one of the climactic moments of 1968? a. the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. b. the Berkeley Free Speech movement c. bloody clashes between police and protesters at the Chicago Democratic convention d. Eugene McCarthy's strong showing in the New Hampshire primary
B
Which was not an event in the civil rights movement of 1963? a. A sniper killed Medgar Evers, field secretary of the NAACP in Mississippi. b. James Meredith, a black student, entered the University of Mississippi. c. 250,000 people, black and white, marched in Washington, D.C., in support of civil rights. d. A bomb at a black Baptist church in Birmingham killed four young girls.
B
While most Americans saw the alliance of the Defense Department and private industry as a source of jobs and national security, Eisenhower felt it was a threat to democracy, calling this power the a. golden age. b. military-industrial complex. c. massive resistance. d. daybreak of freedom.
B
While there were four main competitors for the office of the presidency in 1948, Truman's main rival was a. Strom Thurmond. b. Thomas A. Dewey. c. Henry A. Wallace. d. Norman Thomas.
B
At the peak of the Vietnam War, the number of American troops in Vietnam was approximately a. 1,750,000. b. 200,000. c. 500,000. d. 17,000.
C
Causes of the civil rights revolution included all of the following except a. mass migration out of the segregated South. b. destabilization of the racial system during World War II. c. the passage of the Taft-Hartley Act in 1947. d. the Cold War and rise of independent states in the Third World.
C
In August 1961, the Berlin Wall was erected a. to separate Berlin from East Germany—a decision mutually agreed upon by the United States and the Soviet Union. b. by the United States in an effort to keep illegal immigrants from entering West Berlin and subsequently claiming freedom in western Europe. c. by the Soviet Union to stem a growing tide of emigrants fleeing from East to West Berlin. d. by the United States so that East Germans could not enter West Berlin.
C
In The Conscience of a Conservative, Barry Goldwater argued for all of the following except a. abolition of the graduated income tax. b. a more aggressive conduct of the Cold War. c. support for the Civil Rights Act of 1964. d. substitution of private charity for public welfare programs.
C
Milton Friedman's book Capitalism and Freedom outlined all of the following ideas regarding individual liberty except a. turning over to the private section virtually all government functions. b. the repeal of the graduated income tax. c. an increase in the minimum wage laws. d. the repeal of the Social Security system.
C
Regarding the first intercontinental ballistic missile, John F. Kennedy warned that Republicans had allowed this to develop in which the Soviets had achieved technological and military superiority over the United States. a. a new version of chemical warfare b. the space shuttle program c. a missile gap d. an early form of the internet
C
The Cold War began in a. the United States. b. Asia. c. Europe. d. Africa.
C
The young California congressman who first gained national prominence through his membership on the House Un-American Activities Committee was a. Henry Wallace. b. Ronald Reagan. c. Richard Nixon. d. Jerry Brown, Sr.
C
This legislation authorized the deportation of immigrants identified as communists, even if they had become citizens. a. Taft-Hartley Act of 1947 b. McCarran-Walter Act of 1952 c. Operation Wetback of 1954 d. Marshall Plan
C
Two outspoken critics of the domestic anticommunist crusade were a. Thomas Dewey and Henry Luce. b. Branch Rickey and Jackson Pollock. c. Paul Robeson and W. E. B. Du Bois. d. Strom Thurmond and Richard Nixon.
C
What did President Eisenhower call his domestic agenda, which embraced a "mixed economy," in which the government played a major role in planning economic activity, and by which Eisenhower consolidated and legitimized the New Deal? a. the Great Society b. the New Frontier c. Modern Republicanism d. the "New" New Deal
C
What was the landmark U.S. Supreme Court case decided on May 17, 1954, in which the "Warren Court" unanimously asserted that segregation in public education violated the equal protection of the laws guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment? a. Loving v. Virginia b. Menendez v. Westminster c. Brown v. Board of Education d. Plessy v. Ferguson
C
What was the name of the American Federation of Labor (AFL) and Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) campaign to bring unionization to the South, by which more than 200 labor organizations entered the region in an effort to organize workers? a. Operation Mongoose b. Operation Organization c. Operation Dixie d. Campaign to Victory
C
What was the organization created by the Kennedy administration to aid the economic and educational progress of developing countries? a. Volunteers in Service of America b. Alliance for Progress c. the Peace Corps d. Counter Intelligence Program
C
Which is not true of the Korean War (1950-1953)? a. Over 33,000 Americans died in Korea; an estimated 1 million Korean soldiers and 2 million civilians died, along with hundreds of thousands of Chinese troops. b. General Douglas MacArthur launched a daring counterattack at Inchon, behind North Korean lines, in September 1950. c. President Truman acknowledged and accepted General MacArthur's push toward the Chinese border and his threat to use nuclear weapons against the Chinese. d. In 1953, an armistice was agreed to that restored the prewar status quo.
C
Which was not part of President Johnson's 1965-1967 "Great Society"? a. Medicare and Medicaid b. the establishment of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission c. the disbanding of the national broadcasting network d. funds poured into urban development and education
C
Which was the organization that crafted the Port Huron Statement, criticized corporations, unions, and the military-industrial complex, and proclaimed "a democracy of individual participation"? a. Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) b. the National Organization of Women (NOW) c. Congress for Racial Equality (CORE) d. Students for a Democratic Society (SDS)
C
Who was the person who sent the Long Telegram from Moscow in 1946 that lay the foundation for what became known as the policy of "containment"? a. Douglas MacArthur b. Harry S. Truman c. George F. Kennan d. George C. Marshall
C
At the nationally televised Army-McCarthy hearings in 1954, it was revealed that a. McCarthy gloated that he was right and the army had been willing to look the other way to save their reputation. b. neither side was able to prove their point; Congress dropped the charges as there was insufficient evidence. c. McCarthy was not fit to stand trial; instead he sent his assistant to read the charges, which could not be entered into evidence without McCarthy's physical appearance in the hearings. d. McCarthy was a bully who browbeat witnesses and made sweeping accusations with no basis in fact.
D
In 1957, the Eisenhower Doctrine a. asserted American authority in Vietnam in the wake of the French defeat at Dien Bien Phu. b. expanded the Marshall Plan to Southeast Asia. c. declared that the military-industrial complex must be reined in. d. pledged the United States to defend Middle Eastern governments threatened by communism or Arab nationalism.
D
In June 1948, when the United States, Britain, and France introduced a separate currency in their zones of control in the city of Berlin, the Soviet Union responded with a. the development of the Warsaw Pact. b. NATO. c. the Berlin blockade. d. the building of the Berlin Wall
D
One of the key advantages the Soviet Union held over the United States on a global scale was America's continuing issue of a. aid to the middle class. b. financial bailouts for banks. c. propaganda. d. segregation.
D
President Harry S. Truman's program that focused on improving the social safety net and raising the standard of living of ordinary Americans—calling on Congress to increase the middle wage, enact a program of national health insurance, and expand public housing, Social Security, and aid to education—was a. the Great Society. b. the New Frontier. c. the Square Deal. d. the Fair Deal.
D
The 1948 United Nations-approved document that called for a range of rights to be enjoyed by people everywhere, including freedom of speech and religion, as well as social and economic entitlements, including the right to an adequate standard of living, access to adequate housing, education, and medical care was called a. the Fair Deal. b. the Freedom House Manifesto. c. the Economic Bill Of Rights. d. the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
D
The 1954 update to the doctrine of containment, announced by Secretary of State John Foster Dulles, that declared a Soviet attack on any American ally would be countered by a nuclear attack on the Soviet Union, was called "brinksmanship" by its critics and this by supporters. a. Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT) I b. massive retaliation c. isolationism d. nuclear imperialism
D
The 1964 voter registration drive in Mississippi, in which hundreds of white college students from the North participated, was known as a. Freedom at Last. b. Mississippi Freedom. c. Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party. d. Freedom Summer.
D
The 1967 U.S. Supreme Court decision that declared unconstitutional the laws in sixteen states that prohibited interracial marriage was a. Griswold v. Connecticut. b. New York Times v. Sullivan. c. Lawrence & Garner v. State of Texas. d. Loving v. Virginia.
D
The Democratic segregationist challenger for the 1964 presidential election was a. Jennings Randolph of Virginia. b. Sam Yorty of California. c. Matthew E. Welsh of Indiana. d. George Wallace of Alabama.
D
The National Defense Education Act, which for the first time offered direct federal funding for higher education, was passed into law by Congress in 1957 in response to a. the French defeat by Vietnamese forces at Dien Bien Phu. b. inner-city riots, and the rise of feminist activist endeavors across the Midwest. c. Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev's visit to the United States. d. the Soviet launch of the first artificial Earth satellite, Sputnik.
D
The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee's goals included a. replacing the culture of militarism with a foreign policy of isolationism and disarmament. b. coordinating the achievement of better schooling, "by any means necessary" including violence - contrary to its name. c. recontextualizing the Cold War and unilateral disarmament on the part of the United States. d. replacing the culture of segregation with a "beloved community" of racial justice.
D
The organization that launched the Freedom Rides, by which integrated groups traveled by bus into the Deep South to test compliance with court orders banning segregation on interstate buses and trains was called the a. Democratic Party. b. Southern Christian Leadership Conference. c. Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC). d. Congress of Racial Equality (CORE).
D
Under this kind of program, cities demolished poor neighborhoods in city centers that occupied potentially valuable real estate; in its place were constructed retail centers and all-white middle-income housing complexes. a. white flight b. neighborhood stabilization program c. suburbs d. urban renewal
D
What was the April 1961 CIA-led invasion of Cuba to topple Fidel Castro that proved to be a total failure when, of the invading force of 1,400, most were captured and more than 100 killed? a. Operation Chiquita b. Cuban missile crisis c. Cuban Crisis d. Bay of Pigs
D
What was the first gay rights organization in the United States, founded in 1951 by Harry Hay? a. the Rainbow Association b. the Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgendered Association (GLBT) c. the Pink Triangle Group d. the Mattachine Society
D
Which of the following did not inform or influence Martin Luther King Jr.'s, 1950s leadership of the civil rights movement? a. the writings of civil disobedience of Henry David Thoreau and Mahatma Gandhi b. the nonviolent protests of the Congress of Racial Equality c. a philosophy of struggle in which hate must be met with Christian love, and violence, with peaceful demands for change d. the writings of Malcolm X, particularly his autobiography
D
Which of the following was not a prominent feature of suburban married life during the Fifties? a. a rise in birth rates b. a decline in divorce rates c. a growing desire among husbands and wives to find fulfillment through the shared enjoyment of material comforts, recreation, and sexual relations d. a growing tendency of husbands and wives to share the roles of breadwinner and homemaker
D
Which was not a goal of the August 28, 1963, March on Washington? a. passage of a civil rights bill b. a public-works program to reduce unemployment c. legislation barring discrimination in employment d. an end to the use of the Grandfather Clause restricting suffrage
D
Who was the leader of the United Farm Workers (UFW)—as much a movement for civil rights as a campaign for economic betterment—who, beginning in 1965, led nonviolent protests, including fasts, marches, and a national boycott of California grapes? a. Julian Nava b. Jaime Escalante c. Santos C. Vega d. César Chavez
D
Who was the marine biologist whose book Silent Spring spelled out how the insecticide DDT kills birds and other animals and causes sickness among humans, and who launched the modern environmental movement? a. Helen Caldicott b. Ralph Nader c. John Muir d. Rachel Carson
D