Hist 2 EXAM 1
102. In the late nineteenth century, the Granger laws supported the interests of A. industrial labor. B. farmers. C. capitalists. D. southerners. E. immigrants.
farmers
B.
farmers.
A.
favored stopping immigration as a way to improve urban American cities.
106. In the late nineteenth century, American Populism A. embraced the widely held laissez-faire attitudes of the time. B. called for a return to a preindustrial American society. C. favored the direct election of United States senators. D. called for the abolition of all banks. E. called for a repeal of the income tax.
favored the direct election of United States senators
C.
favored the direct election of United States senators.
A.
had been invented by D. W. Griffith.
D.
had been nominated by the Republicans because he was a loyal Stalwart.
89. During the late nineteenth century, college education for American women A. did not exist. B. had expanded significantly. C. offered no coeducational opportunities. D. allowed women to be schooled only by male faculty. E. had no real effect on the marrying age of nineteenth-century women.
had expanded significantly
B.
had expanded significantly.
D.
had little contact with the United States.
C.
had little effect on rail transportation throughout the nation.
E.
had little effect on the size of the Chinese population in America.
B.
had little practical effect for decades.
E.
had long been a fierce opponent of Roscoe Conkling.
D.
had made their fortune in the railroad industry.
C.
had more effective and better managed cooperatives.
E.
had no real effect on the marrying age of nineteenth-century women.
116. Prior to its annexation by the United States in 1898, Hawaii A. did not have a sugar industry. B. was largely governed by a representative assembly. C. had a native population of under ten thousand inhabitants. D. had little contact with the United States. E. had witnessed a revolution staged by American planters.
had witnessed a revolution staged by American planters.
E.
had witnessed a revolution staged by American planters.
D.
happened almost entirely in the space of a single decade, destroying the ability of Plains Indians to resist the advance of white settlers.
C.
happened almost entirely in the space of a single decade.
A.
has been considered bold and reckless.
D.
heavier taxes on the raw materials of industry.
C.
increased schooling for children.
52. During the late nineteenth century, child labor in the United States A. increased significantly. B. was unregulated by laws in most states. C. saw more children working in factories than in agriculture. D. both increased significantly and saw more children working in factories than in agriculture. E. None of these answers is correct.
increased significantly.
A.
increased significantly.
E.
increasingly became part of the state's middle class.
E.
indentured servants.
E.
individual rights should be expanded as widely as possible.
D.
individual white American ranchers and large American ranching corporations.
A.
industrial labor.
E.
influx of millions of immigrants and the lack of Democratic and Republican organization in cities.
B.
influx of millions of immigrants.
B.
inherited ideals.
73. Tenement buildings in urban America were A. first constructed in Chicago in the 1880s. B. intended to be occupied as single-family dwellings. C. initially praised as an improvement in housing for the poor. D. subsidized by city governments. E. considered luxury housing by most urban residents.
initially praised as an improvement in housing for the poor
C.
initially praised as an improvement in housing for the poor.
B.
intended to be occupied as single-family dwellings.
D.
intended to offer spiritual, not material, assistance to the poor.
B.
involved adding ingredients to molten iron.
23. Which of the following was NOT a significant source of resentment for the late nineteenth-century farmers? A. railroads B. neighboring farms C. banks D. manufacturers E. prices
neighboring farms
B.
neighboring farms
E.
northern blacks.
B.
not as vulnerable to disease as eastern tribes.
A.
obtained the bulk of its raw materials from Central and South America.
D.
occupation.
C.
offered no coeducational opportunities.
A.
offered true accounts of poor Americans who had become wealthy.
A.
offshoot of the Knights of Labor.
B.
political parties.
D.
refused to implement an eight-hour work day.
D.
rejected the economic principles of both capitalism and Marxism.
E.
religious faith.
D.
religious reform.
90. In the late nineteenth century, the most striking feature of the American party system was its A. ideological divisions. B. general activism. C. lack of corruption. D. remarkable stability. E. multiple parties.
remarkable stability
D.
remarkable stability.
74. In the 1890s, Jacob Riis A. favored stopping immigration as a way to improve urban American cities. B. crusaded to expose political corruption in major American cities. C. documented the stories of wealthy Americans who came from humble origins. D. reported on the living conditions of the urban poor to encourage improvements. E. pushed for the creation of mass transit systems and outlying suburbs in America's cities.
reported on the living conditions of the urban poor to encourage improvements
D.
reported on the living conditions of the urban poor to encourage improvements.
A.
require city council members to run by district rather than at-large.
A.
require immigrants to sign loyalty oaths to the United States government.
D.
reserved for the extremely wealthy.
D.
resist external social pressures to assimilate.
A.
restricting immigration.
E.
shunned the political system, emphasizing instead education and organization.
A.
significantly grew in number due to the Morrill Land Grant Act.
B.
signified that the era of trusts was ending.
12. The Comstock Lode primarily produced A. copper. B. silver. C. gold. D. lead. E. zinc
silver.
B.
silver.
133. The settlement house movement of the early twentieth century helped spawn the profession of A. charitable foundations. B. community service. C. psychological therapy. D. social work. E. comparative sociology.
social work
D.
social work.
C.
socialists.
C.
something not attainable for the average worker.
D.
sought a closer working relationship with banks.
C.
sought to apply Darwinian laws to human society.
64. The largest number of immigrants to the United States in the late nineteenth century came from A. southern and eastern Europe. B. Mexico and Central America. C. Great Britain and Germany. D. China and Japan. E. Ireland and Italy.
southern and eastern Europe
A.
southern and eastern Europe.
C.
southern white males voted Republican as a matter of unquestioned faith.
D.
southerners.
B.
spurs.
B.
state governments.
C.
state governors.
142. The initiative and referendum were progressive-era political reforms designed to weaken the power of A. the federal government. B. political parties. C. state governors. D. state legislatures. E. the courts.
state legislatures
D.
state legislatures.
E.
staying power of many new, aggressive businesses.
B.
steam engine technology.
58. In what industry did the Homestead strike of 1892 occur? A. steel B. railroad C. meatpacking D. coal E. oil
steel
A.
steel
69. The primary goal of the American Protective Association was to A. require immigrants to sign loyalty oaths to the United States government. B. limit immigration to those who already had relatives living in the United States. C. give "native" Americans preference over immigrants in employment opportunities. D. stop immigrants from entering the United States. E. make English the official language of the United States.
stop immigrants from entering the United States.
D.
stop immigrants from entering the United States.
D.
strengthen the power of city councils at the expense of mayors.
144. In the aftermath of the 1911 Triangle Shirtwaist fire in New York City, A. New York state banned factories from employing women under the age of sixteen. B. factories taller than ten stories could only use the upper floors as storage of materials. C. few true reforms of industry were made. D. strict regulations were imposed on factory owners. E. Tammany Democrats attempted to thwart the New York state commission examining the fire.
strict regulations were imposed on factory owners.
D.
strict regulations were imposed on factory owners.
D.
subsidized by city governments.
E.
suffered from an entrepreneurial deficit.
D.
suggested that a Labor Party, if founded, might eventually capture the presidency.
E.
suggested that harmony among "races" depended on open markets and free trade.
A.
suggested that industrialism was creating "organization men."
97. Chester A. Arthur A. supported the Pendleton Act as part of civil service reform. B. upset reformers by supporting the political "spoils system." C. quickly replaced most of James Garfield's appointees. D. was a political novice when he assumed the presidency. E. had long been a fierce opponent of Roscoe Conkling.
supported the Pendleton Act as part of civil service reform
A.
supported the Pendleton Act as part of civil service reform.
C.
true social reform would only occur if the nation's wealth were redistributed.
137. The term "Boston marriage" refers to A. two women who lived together. B. an unmarried man and woman who lived together. C. the marriage of a woman who had become pregnant. D. a married man with a mistress. E. a marriage lasting less than two years.
two women who lived together.
A.
two women who lived together.
E.
uneducated.
98. In the election of 1884, "mugwumps" were A. civil servants. B. supporters of James G. Blaine. C. unhappy Republicans who threatened to vote for the Democrats. D. conservatives who wanted to limit civil service reform. E. Democrats who crossed over party lines to support Grover Cleveland.
unhappy Republicans who threatened to vote for the Democrats
C.
unhappy Republicans who threatened to vote for the Democrats.
B.
upset reformers by supporting the political "spoils system."
130. At the turn of the twentieth century, Lincoln Steffens wrote extensively of the need to reform A. the "yellow press." B. urban politics. C. the railroad corporations. D. the meatpacking industry. E. the federal bureaucracy.
urban politics
B.
urban politics.
C.
urbanization was harmful to the United States.
A.
usually able to unite against white aggression.
38. The business structure of Carnegie Steel was a good example of A. vertical integration. B. horizontal integration. C. diagonal integration. D. central integration. E. vertical and horizontal integration.
vertical and horizontal integration.
39. The business structure of Standard Oil was a good example of A. vertical integration. B. horizontal integration. C. diagonal integration. D. central integration. E. vertical and horizontal integration.
vertical and horizontal integration.
E.
vertical and horizontal integration.
A.
vertical integration.
A.
very poor people.
E.
very wealthy people.
91. An examination of American voters in the late nineteenth century reveals A. voter turnout for both presidential and nonpresidential elections was very high. B. there was greater voter interest in local elections than in national elections. C. southern white males voted Republican as a matter of unquestioned faith. D. voters did not strongly identify with either the Republican or Democratic Party. E. voter turnout was lower than it has been in recent decades.
voter turnout for both presidential and nonpresidential elections was very high
A.
voter turnout for both presidential and nonpresidential elections was very high.
E.
voter turnout was lower than it has been in recent decades.
D.
voters did not strongly identify with either the Republican or Democratic Party.
B.
was a competitor organization to the Niagara Movement.
B.
was a minor part of the battle.
E.
was a more violent organization than the public recognized at the time.
D.
was a political novice when he assumed the presidency.
B.
was ultimately successful for the strikers.
B.
was unregulated by laws in most states.
99. The Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 A. was strongly opposed by congressional Republicans. B. signified that the era of trusts was ending. C. was used by the federal government against labor unions. D. was strengthened by the courts over the next decade. E. mirrored legislation passed earlier in New Jersey and Delaware.
was used by the federal government against labor unions
C.
was used by the federal government against labor unions.
22. The Dawes Act of 1887 A. was intended to preserve traditional Indian culture. B. denied United States citizenship to landowning Indian adults. C. was viewed by the United States government as a plan to save the Indians. D. ended the United States government's effort to assimilate Indian tribes. E. reaffirmed tribal ownership of western lands in the face of white claims to it.
was viewed by the United States government as a plan to save the Indians.
C.
was viewed by the United States government as a plan to save the Indians.
146. The Women's Christian Temperance Union A. was, at one time, the largest women's organization in American history. B. called for an end to saloons, not for a full prohibition on alcoholic beverages. C. was later replaced by the Anti-Saloon League. D. was headed by a male president. E. was founded during the progressive era.
was, at one time, the largest women's organization in American history.
A.
was, at one time, the largest women's organization in American history.
E.
water treatment facilities.
E.
went much more smoothly than the recent Spanish-American War.
D.
were arrested by police, with many later deported as anarchists.
C.
were clear indications of the excessive power of monopolies.
C.
were created and first promoted by Charles Darwin himself.
B.
were created to replace Grange associations.
A.
20-30 percent.
B.
40-50 percent.
C.
50-60 percent.
D.
60-65 percent.
65. By 1890, the percentage of the populations of Chicago, New York, and Detroit that were made up of immigrants was roughly A. 20-30 percent. B. 40-50 percent. C. 50-60 percent. D. 60-65 percent. E. 80-85 percent.
80-85 percent
E.
80-85 percent.
A.
Black Kettle.
B.
By 1900, most states required compulsory school attendance.
120. The American politician who referred to the Spanish-American conflict as "a splendid little war" was A. William McKinley. B. Elihu Root. C. Theodore Roosevelt. D. William Jennings Bryan. E. John Hay.
John Hay
E.
John Hay.
E.
John Peter Altgeld.
C.
Knights of Labor.
51. Which of the following is true regarding work conditions in American factories in 1900? A. Workers generally controlled the pace of production. B. Laborers could expect to work at least sixty hours a week. C. Job security for industrial workers had significantly increased since 1865. D. While safety conditions were poor, mechanization reduced the overall rate of accidents. E. First-generation workers generally had little trouble adjusting to the nature of industrial labor.
Laborers could expect to work at least sixty hours a week.
B.
Laborers could expect to work at least sixty hours a week.
E.
Leonard Wood.
A.
Lincoln Steffens.
D.
Los Angeles.
C.
Mangas Colorados.
B.
Manono.
C.
Mark Hanna.
84. Which American writer would be LEAST associated with the trend toward social realism in literature in the late nineteenth century? A. Mark Twain B. Upton Sinclair C. Frank Norris D. Stephen Crane E. Theodore Dreiser
Mark Twain
A.
Mark Twain
C.
Mexicans.
B.
Mexico and Central America.
D.
Michigan.
B.
Molly Maguires.
D.
Nebraska.
D.
New Jersey and New York.
A.
New York state banned factories from employing women under the age of sixteen.
C.
New York, Michigan, Illinois, and California all granted women the right to vote.
E.
None of these answers is correct.
A.
North's occupation of the South following the Civil War.
A.
Oahu.
A.
Ohio.
D.
Omaha, Nebraska.
117. Regarding Samoa, the American Navy had a particular interest in the natural harbor at A. Oahu. B. Manono. C. Pago Pago. D. Savaii. E. Upolu.
Pago Pago
C.
Pago Pago.
30. The first significant oil production in the United States occurred in A. Ohio. B. Texas. C. California. D. Michigan. E. Pennsylvania.
Pennsylvania
28. In the United States, the steel industry first emerged in A. Pennsylvania and Ohio. B. Vermont and Massachusetts. C. Illinois and Indiana. D. New Jersey and New York. E. Alabama and Mississippi.
Pennsylvania and Ohio.
A.
Pennsylvania and Ohio.
E.
Pennsylvania.
D.
Piggly Wiggly.
A.
Plains Indians mounted their last major attack on white Americans.
D.
Protestants.
B.
Richard Olney.
C.
Russell Conwell.
B.
Sacramento.
C.
San Diego.
6. In the Far West in the 1870s, the largest single Chinese community was located in A. Seattle. B. Sacramento. C. San Diego. D. Los Angeles. E. San Francisco.
San Francisco.
E.
San Francisco.
D.
Savaii.
A.
Seattle.
A.
Sedalia, Missouri.
C.
Seven-Eleven.
B.
Sitting Bull.
D.
Sitting Bull.
D.
Slavs.
B.
Social Darwinism could create social order and stability.
B.
Social Darwinists.
E.
South Dakota.
D.
Southern blacks had far less access to education than southern whites.
C.
Spain.
D.
Stephen Crane
E.
Tammany Democrats attempted to thwart the New York state commission examining the fire.
55. At its height in 1886, the Knights of Labor were led by A. Uriah S. Stephens. B. Eugene V. Debs. C. Henry Clay Frick. D. Terence V. Powderly. E. John Peter Altgeld.
Terence V. Powderly
D.
Terence V. Powderly.
B.
Texas.
C.
Colorado.
D.
Congress of Industrial Organization.
A.
Congress.
D.
a large majority of states gave some voting rights to women, including New York, Michigan, Illinois, and California.
A.
a large majority of states gave some voting rights to women.
A.
a lower birth rate.
63. The 1920 census of the United States revealed that A. the western frontier had ended. B. a majority of Americans lived in "urban" areas. C. for the first time since 1790, American women outnumbered men. D. the majority of the nation's population had arrived as immigrants since 1880. E. California was now the most populous state.
a majority of Americans lived in "urban" areas
B.
a majority of Americans lived in "urban" areas.
95. In the late nineteenth century, as veterans of the Civil War retired, A. the federal government created a pension system for all retired Americans. B. they were paid pensions by individual states, but not the federal government. C. the federal government gave pensions to both Union and Confederate veterans. D. a majority of the black and white male population in the North received federal pensions. E. they were forced to do without military pensions of any kind.
a majority of the black and white male population in the North received federal pensions.
D.
a majority of the black and white male population in the North received federal pensions.
E.
a marriage lasting less than two years.
D.
a married man with a mistress.
C.
a prohibition on alcohol.
B.
a reduction in the size of his labor force.
A.
a reform movement guided by the American Catholic Church.
C.
a repeal of the income tax.
121. The story of race and the Spanish-American War saw A. Cubans refuse to fight alongside of U.S. blacks. B. a significant number of black troops in the American forces. C. blacks fighting in integrated American units for the first time. D. only whites fight for the United States. E. African Americans realize that the U.S. military was comparatively less racist than Cuba.
a significant number of black troops in the American forces
B.
a significant number of black troops in the American forces.
48. In the late nineteenth century, the social writer Henry George argued in favor of A. taxing only the richest Americans. B. a single land tax to replace all other taxes. C. government efforts to increase land values. D. heavier taxes on the raw materials of industry. E. abolishing all taxes.
a single land tax to replace all other taxes
B.
a single land tax to replace all other taxes.
D.
a voter's ethnic background.
B.
a voter's occupation.
D.
asserted that the root of many urban problems was overcrowded cities.
C.
attempted to revive the Spanish mission society.
A.
attracted little investment by American businesses.
C.
Dallas, Texas.
E.
Deadwood, South Dakota.
E.
Democrats who crossed over party lines to support Grover Cleveland.
15.
In the late nineteenth century, "range wars" in the West were between
72.
In the late nineteenth century, suburbs on the edges of American cities were largely populated by
79.
In the late nineteenth century, the Tammany Hall political machine
78.
In the late nineteenth century, urban political bosses did all of the following EXCEPT
B.
anti-immigration organization.
C.
argued that large corporations were ultimately of benefit to American workers.
D.
argued that people could do little to alter the economic stratification of society.
E.
argued that wealth and privilege were ultimately hollow achievements.
B.
believed that government intervention in society would be harmful.
E.
demanded that Congress nationalize the railroads.
C.
democratic tradition.
C.
had a native population of under ten thousand inhabitants.
B.
had a strong commitment to practical knowledge.
A.
included the belief that weak nations should be left room to develop.
D.
nearly all states did not allow divorce.
B.
need for a national stock market.
C.
need for the enforcement of the Sherman Antitrust Act.
B.
referred to workers as his "children."
D.
the leaders of corporations were the natural choice to create social reform.
A.
the majority of divorces were initiated by men.
D.
the majority of the nation's population had arrived as immigrants since 1880.
C.
the marriage of a woman who had become pregnant.
D.
the meatpacking industry.
C.
the middle class.
B.
was one of the few machines that did not engage in graft and corruption.
D.
was only applied in California.
E.
was passed because the value of silver had fallen to an all-time low.
B.
was passed over the strong objections of farmers.
A.
was passed to benefit international trade merchants.
A.
was primarily a trade union.
A.
was replaced by the Bessemer process.
E.
was ridiculed by established steelmakers such as Abram Hewitt.
B.
was ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.
D.
was strengthened by the courts over the next decade.
A.
was strongly opposed by congressional Republicans.
B.
"limited liability" laws.
E.
$1120
35. In 1929, the base price of a Ford Model T was ________. A. $290 B. $470 C. $630 D. $950 E. $1120
$290
A.
$290
B.
$470
C.
$630
D.
$950
E.
A. Mitchell Palmer.
14. The town that reigned as the railhead of the cattle kingdom for many years was A. Sedalia, Missouri. B. Abilene, Kansas. C. Dallas, Texas. D. Omaha, Nebraska. E. Deadwood, South Dakota.
Abilene, Kansas.
B.
Abilene, Kansas.
D.
Africa.
E.
African Americans realize that the U.S. military was comparatively less racist than Cuba.
E.
Alabama and Mississippi.
115. The author who called on the United States to increase its naval forces in his book, The Influence of Sea Power upon History, was A. William McKinley. B. Richard Olney. C. James G. Blaine. D. Alfred Thayer Mahan. E. Leonard Wood.
Alfred Thayer Mahan
D.
Alfred Thayer Mahan.
122. Theodore Roosevelt's famous charge in the battle of San Juan Hill A. has been considered bold and reckless. B. was a minor part of the battle. C. actually took place on Kettle Hill. D. resulted in nearly a hundred Americans dead or wounded. E. All these answers are correct.
All these answers are correct
136. During the progressive era, the "new woman" was a product of A. a lower birth rate. B. the movement to work outside the home. C. increased schooling for children. D. higher levels of education. E. All these answers are correct.
All these answers are correct
26. The process of making steel developed by Henry Bessemer A. included blowing air through molten iron. B. involved adding ingredients to molten iron. C. was also developed by an American, William Kelly. D. included both blowing air through and adding ingredients to molten iron. E. All these answers are correct.
All these answers are correct
37. During the late nineteenth century, the growth of large corporations was helped by A. sales of company stock to the public. B. "limited liability" laws. C. the realization that great ventures could not be financed by any single person. D. both sales of company stock to the public and "limited liability" laws. E. All these answers are correct.
All these answers are correct
50. In the late nineteenth century, due to the growth of industrial capitalism, American workers A. saw a rise in their standard of living. B. experienced a loss in their control over their own work. C. were forced to contend with arduous and dangerous working conditions. D. both saw a rise in their standard of living, and experienced a loss in their control over their own work. E. All these answers are correct.
All these answers are correct
66. In the late nineteenth century, compared to other immigrant ethnic groups, Jews A. advanced rapidly economically. B. placed a high value on education. C. huddled together in ethnic neighborhoods. D. both advanced rapidly economically, and huddled together in ethnic neighborhoods. E. All these answers are correct.
All these answers are correct
68. In the late nineteenth century, the assimilation of immigrants was encouraged by A. the sale of American products. B. public education. C. church leaders. D. religious reform. E. All these answers are correct.
All these answers are correct
82. In the late nineteenth century, leisure activities tended to be divided by A. gender. B. class. C. race. D. both race and gender. E. All these answers are correct.
All these answers are correct
88. In the late nineteenth century, American universities A. significantly grew in number due to the Morrill Land Grant Act. B. had a strong commitment to practical knowledge. C. began to form relationships with the private sector and the government. D. both had a strong commitment to practical knowledge, and began to form relationships with the private sector and the government. E. All these answers are correct.
All these answers are correct
10. In the second half of the nineteenth century, the working class in the western economy was A. highly multiracial. B. highly divided along racial lines. C. paid higher wages than workers in the East. D. both highly multiracial and paid higher wages than workers in the East. E. All these answers are correct.
All these answers are correct.
101. The Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 A. put in place a series of regulations for railroad companies. B. had little practical effect for decades. C. created a five-person commission to oversee the act. D. both created a five-person commission to oversee the act, and had little practical effect for decades. E. All these answers are correct.
All these answers are correct.
123. In 1899, those who favored the annexation of the Philippines argued A. they were interested in greater trade with Asian countries. B. the United States was already in possession of it. C. that it would bring partisan advantage to the Republican Party. D. both that the United States was already in possession of it, and that it would bring partisan advantage to the Republican Party. E. All these answers are correct.
All these answers are correct.
13. The western cattle industry saw Mexican ranchers first develop A. saddles. B. spurs. C. lariats. D. leather chaps. E. All these answers are correct.
All these answers are correct.
18. The decimation of American buffalo herds in the late nineteenth century A. destroyed the ability of Plains Indians to resist the advance of white settlers. B. was accelerated by Indian tribes who killed large numbers of buffalo to sell to white Americans. C. happened almost entirely in the space of a single decade. D. happened almost entirely in the space of a single decade, destroying the ability of Plains Indians to resist the advance of white settlers. E. All these answers are correct.
All these answers are correct.
76. In the late nineteenth century, crime in large American urban centers A. led many city governments to create professional public police departments. B. swelled in the twenty years between 1880 and 1900. C. was often blamed on the violent proclivities of immigrant groups. D. was often blamed on the violent proclivities of immigrant groups, and led many city governments to create professional public police departments. E. All these answers are correct.
All these answers are correct.
E.
All these answers are correct.
56. Samuel Gompers was the leader of the A. American Federation of Labor. B. Molly Maguires. C. Knights of Labor. D. Congress of Industrial Organization. E. American Railway Union.
American Federation of Labor
A.
American Federation of Labor.
E.
American Railway Union.
128. While progressivism has many meanings, it tended to be based on the central assumption that A. American society was capable of improvement. B. Social Darwinism could create social order and stability. C. urbanization was harmful to the United States. D. the laissez-faire philosophy should be embraced in American politics. E. individual rights should be expanded as widely as possible.
American society was capable of improvement
A.
American society was capable of improvement.
9. By 1900, one of the three American territories in the contiguous United States that had NOT been granted statehood was A. Arizona. B. Utah. C. Colorado. D. Nebraska. E. South Dakota.
Arizona.
A.
Arizona.
C.
Asia.
E.
Australia.
E.
California was now the most populous state.
C.
California.
D.
Catholic.
93. In the late nineteenth century, Democrats tended to attract the greater numbers of A. Catholics. B. citizens of old American stock. C. the middle class. D. Protestants. E. northern blacks.
Catholics.
A.
Catholics.
97.
Chester A. Arthur
19. The Indian leader who said, "I am tired. My heart is sick and sad. From where the sun now stands, I will fight no more forever," was A. Black Kettle. B. Sitting Bull. C. Chief Joseph. D. Crazy Horse. E. Cochise.
Chief Joseph
C.
Chief Joseph.
D.
China and Japan.
70. In 1882, the first group of immigrants to be excluded from the United States on the basis of their nationality were A. Chinese. B. Japanese. C. Mexicans. D. Slavs. E. Irish.
Chinese
A.
Chinese.
A.
Cochise.
E.
Cochise.
D.
Crazy Horse.
A.
Cuba could only form treaties with nations that were allied with the United States.
E.
Cuba was to be granted full political independence.
C.
Cuba was to be made a demilitarized region.
E.
Cuban émigrés living in the United States.
A.
Cubans refuse to fight alongside of U.S. blacks.
C.
Educational opportunities extended to Indian tribes as well.
B.
Elihu Root.
D.
England.
148. During the progressive era, the acknowledged leader of American socialism was A. Lincoln Steffens. B. William Haywood. C. Florence Kelley. D. Eugene V. Debs. E. A. Mitchell Palmer.
Eugene V. Debs.
B.
Eugene V. Debs.
D.
Eugene V. Debs.
31. In the 1870s, the internal combustion engine was developed in A. Europe. B. the United States. C. Asia. D. Africa. E. Australia.
Europe.
A.
Europe.
E.
First-generation workers generally had little trouble adjusting to the nature of industrial labor.
C.
Florence Kelley.
B.
Food Lion.
C.
Frank Norris
87. Which statement about education in the late nineteenth century is FALSE? A. It was a period of rapid expansion for public schools. B. By 1900, most states required compulsory school attendance. C. Educational opportunities extended to Indian tribes as well. D. Southern blacks had far less access to education than southern whites. E. Funding for public education was highest in rural areas.
Funding for public education was highest in rural areas
E.
Funding for public education was highest in rural areas.
20. In 1886, the end of formal warfare between the United States and American Indians was marked by the surrender of A. Cochise. B. Wovoka. C. Mangas Colorados. D. Sitting Bull. E. Geronimo.
Geronimo
E.
Geronimo.
C.
Great Britain and Germany.
B.
Grover Cleveland.
E.
Harris Teeter.
C.
Henry Clay Frick.
A.
Henry George.
44. In the late nineteenth century, the first and most important promoter of Social Darwinism was A. Henry George. B. Horatio Alger. C. Russell Conwell. D. Jacob Riis. E. Herbert Spencer.
Herbert Spencer.
E.
Herbert Spencer.
B.
Horatio Alger.
C.
Illinois and Indiana.
17.
In "The Significance of the Frontier in American History," Frederick Jackson Turner claimed
E.
Ireland and Italy.
E.
Irish.
E.
It became a national symbol of concentrated economic power.
A.
It included the nation's largest businesses.
C.
It relied partially on government subsidies for its growth.
36. Which of the following statements about the American railroad industry in the late nineteenth century is FALSE? A. It included the nation's largest businesses. B. It saw Congress outlaw railroad combinations. C. It relied partially on government subsidies for its growth. D. It was among the first to adopt a new corporate form of organization. E. It became a national symbol of concentrated economic power.
It saw Congress outlaw railroad combinations
B.
It saw Congress outlaw railroad combinations.
A.
It was a period of rapid expansion for public schools.
D.
It was among the first to adopt a new corporate form of organization.
D.
Jacob Riis.
C.
James G. Blaine.
E.
James Weaver.
B.
Japanese.
C.
Job security for industrial workers had significantly increased since 1865.
39.
The business structure of Standard Oil was a good example of
E.
Theodore Dreiser
C.
Theodore Roosevelt.
E.
United States' claiming of California and Texas after the Mexican War.
D.
United States' taking of Hawaii in 1898.
E.
Upolu.
B.
Upton Sinclair
A.
Uriah S. Stephens.
B.
Utah.
B.
Vermont and Massachusetts.
B.
Wovoka.
D.
While safety conditions were poor, mechanization reduced the overall rate of accidents.
B.
William Haywood.
112. The "Cross of Gold" speech was given in 1896 by A. William McKinley. B. Grover Cleveland. C. Mark Hanna. D. William Jennings Bryan. E. James Weaver.
William Jennings Bryan.
A.
William Jennings Bryan.
D.
William Jennings Bryan.
A.
William McKinley.
A.
Workers generally controlled the pace of production.
E.
a belief that God had chosen the rich to be rich and the poor to be poor.
C.
a belief that the United States was dangerously overpopulated.
E.
a desire to calm labor unrest at home by focusing on foreign policy.
C.
a flat income tax for all rural businesses.
D.
a floating mine of unknown origin.
105. In 1892, the People's Party called for A. government subsidies of water for agricultural use. B. the federal government to purchase surplus crops. C. a flat income tax for all rural businesses. D. a government network of crop warehouses. E. government subsidies of wheat, corn, and cotton.
a government network of crop warehouses
D.
a government network of crop warehouses.
139. In the years prior to the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment, A. a large majority of states gave some voting rights to women. B. many states gave full voting rights to women. C. New York, Michigan, Illinois, and California all granted women the right to vote. D. a large majority of states gave some voting rights to women, including New York, Michigan, Illinois, and California. E. All these answers are correct.
a large majority of states gave some voting rights to women, including New York, Michigan, Illinois, and California
91. An examination of American voters in the late nineteenth century reveals A. voter turnout for both presidential and nonpresidential elections was very high. B. there was greater voter interest in local elections than in national elections. C. southern white males voted Republican as a matter of unquestioned faith. D. voters did not strongly identify with either the Republican or Democratic Party. E. voter turnout was lower than it has been in recent decades.
a voter's regional background
92. The high degree of party loyalty in the late nineteenth century is explained primarily by A. the parties' stances on economic issues. B. a voter's occupation. C. the parties' stances on social issues. D. a voter's ethnic background. E. a voter's regional background.
a voter's regional background
E.
a voter's regional background.
E.
abolishing all taxes.
D.
accepted the necessity of class divisions in a capitalist economy.
C.
actually took place on Kettle Hill.
A.
advanced rapidly economically.
149. During the early twentieth century, the Industrial Workers of the World A. advocated a single union for all workers. B. was dominated by anarchists. C. emphasized education for the working class. D. rejected the economic principles of both capitalism and Marxism. E. was a more violent organization than the public recognized at the time.
advocated a single union for all workers
A.
advocated a single union for all workers.
C.
age.
D.
agriculture.
B.
aimed to subvert and oppose the rising tide of nativism.
D.
allowed women to be schooled only by male faculty.
B.
almost all corporations had achieved stability through "pool" arrangements.
C.
among the least aggressive of all American Indians.
A.
an accident in an engine room.
131. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the "Social Gospel" was A. a reform movement guided by the American Catholic Church. B. first described by Andrew Carnegie. C. an effort to make religious faith a tool of social reform. D. intended to offer spiritual, not material, assistance to the poor. E. a belief that God had chosen the rich to be rich and the poor to be poor.
an effort to make religious faith a tool of social reform.
C.
an effort to make religious faith a tool of social reform.
B.
an unmarried man and woman who lived together.
D.
anarchist group.
C.
banks
8. The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 A. resulted in the deportation of half of the Chinese in the United States. B. was ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. C. banned Chinese in the United States from becoming naturalized citizens. D. was only applied in California. E. had little effect on the size of the Chinese population in America.
banned Chinese in the United States from becoming naturalized citizens
C.
banned Chinese in the United States from becoming naturalized citizens.
25. Prior to the Civil War, the steel industry in the United States A. boomed as a result of the expanding United States Navy. B. emerged as an important supplier for railroad construction. C. largely replaced the iron industry. D. resulted in the construction of large commercial ocean freighters. E. barely developed at all.
barely developed at all.
E.
barely developed at all.
E.
became a strong advocate of Taylorism.
110. In 1873, the congressional law that officially discontinued silver coinage A. was passed to benefit international trade merchants. B. was passed over the strong objections of farmers. C. became known to critics as the "Crime of '73." D. was hotly debated at the time. E. was passed because the value of silver had fallen to an all-time low.
became known to critics as the "Crime of '73."
C.
became known to critics as the "Crime of '73."
54. The Knights of Labor A. was primarily a trade union. B. did not allow women to join. C. began as a secret fraternal organization. D. focused its efforts on improving wages and reducing hours. E. tried in particular to enlist support for their cause from lawyers.
began as a secret fraternal organization.
C.
began as a secret fraternal organization.
E.
began hiring African American workers in his factories.
42. In the late nineteenth century, most American business millionaires A. railed against the implications of Social Darwinism. B. came from financially humble origins. C. were living examples of "self-made men." D. had made their fortune in the railroad industry. E. began their careers from positions of wealth and privilege.
began their careers from positions of wealth and privilege.
E.
began their careers from positions of wealth and privilege.
C.
began to form relationships with the private sector and the government.
81. At the end of the nineteenth century, most Americans viewed leisure time as A. the province solely of children and the elderly. B. on par with laziness. C. something not attainable for the average worker. D. reserved for the extremely wealthy. E. being desirable.
being desirable
E.
being desirable.
46. The late nineteenth-century sociologist Lester Frank Ward A. suggested that industrialism was creating "organization men." B. believed that government intervention in society would be harmful. C. sought to apply Darwinian laws to human society. D. argued that people could do little to alter the economic stratification of society. E. believed that human intelligence, not natural selection, shaped society.
believed that human intelligence, not natural selection, shaped society
E.
believed that human intelligence, not natural selection, shaped society.
C.
blacks fighting in integrated American units for the first time.
A.
boomed as a result of the expanding United States Navy.
D.
both advanced rapidly economically, and huddled together in ethnic neighborhoods.
D.
both created a five-person commission to oversee the act, and had little practical effect for decades.
D.
both had a strong commitment to practical knowledge, and began to form relationships with the private sector and the government.
D.
both highly multiracial and paid higher wages than workers in the East.
D.
both increased significantly and saw more children working in factories than in agriculture.
D.
both race and gender.
D.
both sales of company stock to the public and "limited liability" laws.
D.
both saw a rise in their standard of living, and experienced a loss in their control over their own work.
D.
both that the United States was already in possession of it, and that it would bring partisan advantage to the Republican Party.
D.
both were the first true mass entertainment medium, and operated under strict morality codes.
67. Compared with the first generation, second generation immigrants were more likely to A. hold on to their old ethnic habits. B. lose faith in the United States due to the hardships they experienced. C. break from their traditional culture. D. resist external social pressures to assimilate. E. return to the Old World for good.
break from their traditional culture
C.
break from their traditional culture.
D.
business wealth was concentrated into the hands of a few.
B.
business.
108. In 1894, Jacob Coxey and his supporters A. demanded that Congress establish a program of unemployment insurance. B. called for a public works program for the unemployed. C. organized a march on Washington in plans to overthrow the government. D. were arrested by police, with many later deported as anarchists. E. demanded that Congress nationalize the railroads.
called for a public works program for the unemployed.
B.
called for a public works program for the unemployed.
E.
called for a repeal of the income tax.
B.
called for a return to a preindustrial American society.
B.
called for an end to saloons, not for a full prohibition on alcoholic beverages.
D.
called for the abolition of all banks.
B.
came from financially humble origins.
A.
campaign finance reform.
C.
capitalists.
A.
castigated for his poor relations with Indians, Mexicans, and Chinese.
D.
central integration.
A.
charitable foundations.
C.
church leaders.
B.
citizens of old American stock.
A.
city fire-fighting companies.
A.
civil servants.
B.
class.
D.
coal
C.
community officials.
B.
community service.
E.
comparative sociology.
D.
conservatives who wanted to limit civil service reform.
E.
considered luxury housing by most urban residents.
114. Arguments used by Social Darwinists in the United States to justify expansionism A. included the belief that weak nations should be left room to develop. B. contended that all nations were engaged in a constant struggle to survive. C. were created and first promoted by Charles Darwin himself. D. differed sharply from arguments used for domestic economic affairs. E. suggested that harmony among "races" depended on open markets and free trade.
contended that all nations were engaged in a constant struggle to survive.
B.
contended that all nations were engaged in a constant struggle to survive.
A.
contended that inequalities between humans were rooted in education.
85. Central to the success of American Telephone and Telegraph (AT&T) was how it A. focused solely on commercial uses of the telephone. B. provided telephone service only, not equipment. C. controlled both the telephone equipment and telephone service. D. made subscribers buy the necessary equipment. E. made telephone equipment and depended on other companies to provide the service.
controlled both the telephone equipment and telephone service
A.
copper.
D.
create a large labor force of highly skilled workers.
C.
created a five-person commission to oversee the act.
A.
created the ideas of laissez-faire capitalism.
D.
criticized child labor in American industry.
D.
criticized for being too quick to use violence.
D.
critics of imperialism.
B.
crusaded to expose political corruption in major American cities.
94. A voter's party identification in the nineteenth century was usually a reflection of A. economic status. B. cultural background. C. age. D. occupation. E. gender
cultural background.
B.
cultural background.
59. The Pullman strike of 1894 began when George Pullman, owner of the company, A. ordered rail workers to move into company-owned housing. B. referred to workers as his "children." C. cut wages by 25 percent due to a slumping economy. D. refused to implement an eight-hour work day. E. began hiring African American workers in his factories.
cut wages by 25 percent due to a slumping economy
60. The Pullman strike of 1894 A. saw the president of the United States order federal troops to break the strike. B. was ultimately successful for the strikers. C. had little effect on rail transportation throughout the nation. D. ended when George Pullman dropped his demand that workers live in company housing. E. ended when Governor John Peter Altgeld called out the militia to protect employers.
cut wages by 25 percent due to a slumping economy
C.
cut wages by 25 percent due to a slumping economy.
40. To John D. Rockefeller, the great "curse" of business in the late nineteenth century was A. government regulation. B. cutthroat competition. C. the income tax. D. the corporate tax. E. the chronic labor shortage.
cutthroat competition.
B.
cutthroat competition.
D.
decline in importance of railroads over the previous decade.
107. The economic decline that followed the Panic of 1893 demonstrated the A. degree to which the American economy had become interconnected. B. need for a national stock market. C. need for the enforcement of the Sherman Antitrust Act. D. decline in importance of railroads over the previous decade. E. staying power of many new, aggressive businesses.
degree to which the American economy had become interconnected.
A.
degree to which the American economy had become interconnected.
A.
demanded that Congress establish a program of unemployment insurance.
B.
denied United States citizenship to landowning Indian adults.
E.
depended mainly on whether the white American was pro-slavery or anti-slavery.
C.
depicted a world presided over by an industrialist-king modeled on J. P. Morgan.
A.
described an America engaged in a second civil war due to concentrated wealth.
A.
destroyed the ability of Plains Indians to resist the advance of white settlers.
C.
developed a stable economy through its sugar industry.
C.
diagonal integration.
B.
did not allow women to join.
A.
did not exist.
A.
did not have a sugar industry.
C.
did not in fact take off by itself.
A.
did not see any great mineral strikes until after the Civil War.
D.
differed sharply from arguments used for domestic economic affairs.
C.
documented the stories of wealthy Americans who came from humble origins.
B.
drew little interest outside of large urban cities.
B.
economic prosperity in the 1890s.
A.
economic status.
C.
education.
A.
embraced the widely held laissez-faire attitudes of the time.
B.
emerged as an important supplier for railroad construction.
B.
emphasize the importance of craft and quality in the workplace.
C.
emphasized education for the working class.
D.
employee profit sharing in large corporations.
C.
encourage industrial workers to act creatively to solve production problems.
D.
ended the United States government's effort to assimilate Indian tribes.
D.
ended when George Pullman dropped his demand that workers live in company housing.
E.
ended when Governor John Peter Altgeld called out the militia to protect employers.
D.
enrich themselves through graft and corruption.
B.
experienced a loss in their control over their own work.
B.
exposed the declining political power of farmers.
B.
faced a growing shortage of laborers.
B.
factories taller than ten stories could only use the upper floors as storage of materials.
113. In the 1890s, the interest in American expansion overseas was motivated in part by A. fears that domestic natural resources would soon be in limited supply. B. economic prosperity in the 1890s. C. a belief that the United States was dangerously overpopulated. D. the notion that European influence in the world was subsiding. E. a desire to calm labor unrest at home by focusing on foreign policy.
fears that domestic natural resources would soon be in limited supply.
A.
fears that domestic natural resources would soon be in limited supply.
113. In the 1890s, the interest in American expansion overseas was motivated in part by A. fears that domestic natural resources would soon be in limited supply. B. economic prosperity in the 1890s. C. a belief that the United States was dangerously overpopulated. D. the notion that European influence in the world was subsiding. E. a desire to calm labor unrest at home by focusing on foreign policy.
fears that domestic natural resources would soon be in limited supply.* 114. Arguments used by Social Darwinists in the United States to justify expansionism A. included the belief that weak nations should be left room to develop. B. contended that all nations were engaged in a constant struggle to survive. C. were created and first promoted by Charles Darwin himself. D. differed sharply from arguments used for domestic economic affairs. E. suggested that harmony among "races" depended on open markets and free trade. * contended that all nations were engaged in a constant struggle to survive.
124. In 1899, supporters of the annexation of the Philippines argued the United States had set a precedent for taking land while treating its inhabitants as dependents in the case of the A. North's occupation of the South following the Civil War. B. federal government's treatment of American Indians. C. nation's claiming of Florida from Spain in 1819. D. United States' taking of Hawaii in 1898. E. United States' claiming of California and Texas after the Mexican War.
federal government's treatment of American Indians
B.
federal government's treatment of American Indians.
C.
federal reforms of corporations had ended the most predatory business practices.
132. At the turn of the twentieth century, leaders in the settlement house movement tended to be A. first-generation immigrants. B. from the lower class. C. female. D. Catholic. E. uneducated.
female
C.
female.
C.
few true reforms of industry were made.
A.
first constructed in Chicago in the 1880s.
B.
first described by Andrew Carnegie.
A.
first-generation immigrants.
B.
flourished until the 1930s.
D.
focused its efforts on improving wages and reducing hours.
B.
focused on the wealthy and ignored the urban poor.
C.
for the first time since 1790, American women outnumbered men.
47. In the late nineteenth century, Daniel De Leon A. created the ideas of laissez-faire capitalism. B. founded the Socialist Labor Party in the United States. C. argued that large corporations were ultimately of benefit to American workers. D. led the American Federation of Labor. E. became a strong advocate of Taylorism.
founded the Socialist Labor Party in the United States
B.
founded the Socialist Labor Party in the United States.
C.
freighters on the Great Lakes.
B.
from the lower class.
E.
gender
A.
gender.
B.
general activism.
C.
geographical mobility, which served to dilute institutional ties and class consciousness.
C.
give "native" Americans preference over immigrants in employment opportunities.
A.
give out patronage.
C.
gold.
C.
government efforts to increase land values.
A.
government regulation.
A.
government subsidies of water for agricultural use.
E.
government subsidies of wheat, corn, and cotton.
D.
higher levels of education.
B.
highly divided along racial lines.
A.
highly multiracial.
141. During the progressive era, reformers of city government frequently tried to A. require city council members to run by district rather than at-large. B. hire professionally trained business managers or engineers as city managers. C. make all city government positions appointive. D. strengthen the power of city councils at the expense of mayors. E. move city elections to presidential years in order to increase turnout.
hire professionally trained business managers or engineers as city managers.
B.
hire professionally trained business managers or engineers as city managers.
E.
his encouragement of labor unions in organizing his factories.
A.
hold on to their old ethnic habits.
B.
horizontal integration.
C.
huddled together in ethnic neighborhoods.
A.
ideological divisions.
49. Edward Bellamy's 1888 book, Looking Backward, A. described an America engaged in a second civil war due to concentrated wealth. B. promoted the virtues of economic competition. C. depicted a world presided over by an industrialist-king modeled on J. P. Morgan. D. accepted the necessity of class divisions in a capitalist economy. E. imagined an ideal future in which all corporations were combined into one great trust.
imagined an ideal future in which all corporations were combined into one great trust
E.
imagined an ideal future in which all corporations were combined into one great trust.
E.
immigrants.
118. In 1898, pressure for American entry into war in Cuba came from A. William Jennings Bryan. B. imperialists. C. Spain. D. England. E. Cuban émigrés living in the United States.
imperialists
B.
imperialists.
75. In the early twentieth century, efforts to improve occupational safety A. were nonexistent. B. focused on the wealthy and ignored the urban poor. C. included a new federal regulatory agency. D. led many cities to require employers to create safe workplaces. E. included health standards for factories that had far-reaching impact.
included a new federal regulatory agency
C.
included a new federal regulatory agency.
A.
included blowing air through molten iron.
D.
included both blowing air through and adding ingredients to molten iron.
E.
included health standards for factories that had far-reaching impact.
C.
it would allow them to carry more debt.
E.
it would mean more money for western miners, and thus the West.
111. In the 1890s, farmers favored the federal government's coinage of silver because A. it would result in an inflation of currency. B. they considered paper money to be worthless. C. it would allow them to carry more debt. D. they believed it would result in lower prices. E. it would mean more money for western miners, and thus the West.
it would result in an inflation of currency
A.
it would result in an inflation of currency.
D.
joined with white Americans to drive out Indians.
129. The term "muckrakers" referred to A. western progressives. B. Social Darwinists. C. socialists. D. critics of imperialism. E. journalists.
journalists.
E.
journalists.
D.
kept ranchers and farmers from establishing their own economic base.
53. The Molly Maguires were a militant A. offshoot of the Knights of Labor. B. anti-immigration organization. C. woman suffrage organization. D. anarchist group. E. labor union in the coal industry.
labor union in the coal industry
E.
labor union in the coal industry.
B.
labor unions being faced with powerful and wealthy corporations.
C.
lack of Democratic and Republican organization in cities.
C.
lack of corruption.
D.
lacked adequate capital to expand the domestic market.
B.
lamented as having lost his innocence and decency.
71. One significant innovation of urban America in the late nineteenth century was A. city fire-fighting companies. B. large public parks. C. paved roads. D. public hospitals. E. water treatment facilities.
large public parks
B.
large public parks.
C.
largely replaced the iron industry.
C.
lariats.
127. Beginning in 1898, the American war in the Philippines A. lasted for years and resulted in thousands of American deaths. B. saw close to 10,000 Filipinos die in the conflict. C. was led by General George Pershing. D. saw the United States withdraw its military and negotiate a diplomatic end to the conflict. E. went much more smoothly than the recent Spanish-American War.
lasted for years and resulted in thousands of American deaths
A.
lasted for years and resulted in thousands of American deaths.
B.
lasted just over one minute.
E.
law.
D.
lead.
D.
leather chaps.
D.
led many cities to require employers to create safe workplaces.
A.
led many city governments to create professional public police departments.
D.
led the American Federation of Labor.
B.
limit immigration to those who already had relatives living in the United States.
B.
lose faith in the United States due to the hardships they experienced.
27. The open-hearth process of making steel A. was replaced by the Bessemer process. B. was first done in the United States. C. produced small quantities of high-grade steel. D. made the production of large-dimension pieces possible. E. was ridiculed by established steelmakers such as Abram Hewitt.
made the production of large-dimension pieces possible.
D.
made the production of large-dimension pieces possible.
D.
major labor organizations representing only a small percentage of the industrial work force.
E.
make English the official language of the United States.
C.
make all city government positions appointive.
A.
make industrial workers more independent in carrying out their jobs.
B.
mandatory health insurance.
D.
manufacturers
B.
many states gave full voting rights to women.
C.
meatpacking
135. In 1901, one of the first professions to organize on a national level was in the field of A. medicine. B. business. C. education. D. agriculture. E. law.
medicine
A.
medicine.
D.
merchants.
E.
mirrored legislation passed earlier in New Jersey and Delaware.
72. In the late nineteenth century, suburbs on the edges of American cities were largely populated by A. very poor people. B. the working class. C. moderately well-to-do people. D. people from all income backgrounds. E. very wealthy people.
moderately well-to-do people
C.
moderately well-to-do people.
134. Thorstein Veblen argued that A. only the wealthy leisure class had adequate time and money to help the needy. B. modern societies should rely on a handful of experts to solve their social problems. C. true social reform would only occur if the nation's wealth were redistributed. D. the leaders of corporations were the natural choice to create social reform. E. the philanthropy of industrial tycoons had subverted the natural workings of society.
modern societies should rely on a handful of experts to solve their social problems
B.
modern societies should rely on a handful of experts to solve their social problems.
D.
moral principles.
138. In regards to divorce in the United States during the progressive era, by 1916 A. the majority of divorces were initiated by men. B. more than ten percent of all marriages ended in divorce. C. the rate of divorce rate declined. D. nearly all states did not allow divorce. E. women began gaining the right to divorce in many states.
more than ten percent of all marriages ended in divorce
B.
more than ten percent of all marriages ended in divorce.
D.
most of the frontier land was of little practical use for Americans.
D.
most states had made it illegal for one corporation to buy another one.
C.
most were experienced in railroad construction.
D.
most were forced into working for the railroads.
D.
mostly sedentary farmers.
E.
move city elections to presidential years in order to increase turnout.
D.
moved from initial acceptance to gradual hostility.
4. In the 1840s and 1850s in the Far West, the response by white Americans to the Chinese A. moved from initial hostility to gradual acceptance. B. was one of consistent acceptance. C. was one of consistent hostility. D. moved from initial acceptance to gradual hostility. E. depended mainly on whether the white American was pro-slavery or anti-slavery.
moved from initial hostility to gradual acceptance.
A.
moved from initial hostility to gradual acceptance.
E.
multiple parties.
140. During the progressive era, one of the first targets for political reformers was A. Congress. B. state governments. C. municipal governments. D. the judicial system. E. the federal bureaucracy.
municipal governments.
C.
municipal governments.
C.
nation's claiming of Florida from Spain in 1819.
3. During the 1840s, Hispanics living in California A. often lost ownership of their lands. B. saw an expansion in the power of californios. C. attempted to revive the Spanish mission society. D. joined with white Americans to drive out Indians. E. increasingly became part of the state's middle class.
often lost ownership of their lands.
A.
often lost ownership of their lands.
E.
oil
B.
on par with laziness.
41. In the American business community at the end of the nineteenth century, A. one percent of businesses controlled one-third of all manufacturing. B. almost all corporations had achieved stability through "pool" arrangements. C. federal reforms of corporations had ended the most predatory business practices. D. most states had made it illegal for one corporation to buy another one. E. rampant competitiveness and labor shortages helped to keep prices down and wages up.
one percent of businesses controlled one-third of all manufacturing
A.
one percent of businesses controlled one-third of all manufacturing.
A.
only the wealthy leisure class had adequate time and money to help the needy.
D.
only whites fight for the United States.
D.
operated out of Chicago and saw its most famous boss, William M. Tweed, sent to prison.
C.
operated out of Chicago.
C.
operated under strict morality codes.
A.
opposed reform of the civil service system as president.
A.
ordered rail workers to move into company-owned housing.
33. In the early twentieth century, a principle goal of "Taylorism" was to A. make industrial workers more independent in carrying out their jobs. B. emphasize the importance of craft and quality in the workplace. C. encourage industrial workers to act creatively to solve production problems. D. create a large labor force of highly skilled workers. E. organize industrial production into many simple tasks.
organize industrial production into many simple tasks.
E.
organize industrial production into many simple tasks.
C.
organized a march on Washington in plans to overthrow the government.
C.
paid higher wages than workers in the East.
45. In his books, Horatio Alger A. offered true accounts of poor Americans who had become wealthy. B. took critical issue with the ideas of Social Darwinism. C. paid tribute to the possibility of social mobility in America. D. criticized child labor in American industry. E. argued that wealth and privilege were ultimately hollow achievements.
paid tribute to the possibility of social mobility in America
C.
paid tribute to the possibility of social mobility in America.
C.
paved roads.
D.
people from all income backgrounds.
B.
placed a high value on education.
16. In Owen Wister's novel, The Virginian (1902), the American cowboy was A. castigated for his poor relations with Indians, Mexicans, and Chinese. B. lamented as having lost his innocence and decency. C. seen as fast disappearing, as urbanization spread west. D. criticized for being too quick to use violence. E. portrayed as a simple and virtuous frontiersman.
portrayed as a simple and virtuous frontiersman
E.
portrayed as a simple and virtuous frontiersman.
E.
prices
C.
produced small quantities of high-grade steel.
11. Mining in the West A. did not see any great mineral strikes until after the Civil War. B. flourished until the 1930s. C. saw corporations move in first, followed by individual prospectors. D. kept ranchers and farmers from establishing their own economic base. E. produced the region's first economic boom.
produced the region's first economic boom.
E.
produced the region's first economic boom.
B.
promoted the virtues of economic competition.
B.
prostitutes.
E.
proved the catalyst for several wide-ranging labor reforms.
C.
provide material assistance to the poor.
C.
psychological therapy.
B.
public education.
D.
public hospitals.
E.
pushed for the creation of mass transit systems and outlying suburbs in America's cities.
A.
put in place a series of regulations for railroad companies.
C.
quickly replaced most of James Garfield's appointees.
C.
race.
B.
racism and other prejudices held them back.
A.
railed against the implications of Social Darwinism.
B.
railroad
A.
railroads
E.
rampant competitiveness and labor shortages helped to keep prices down and wages up.
77. In the late nineteenth century, political "machines" in cities owed their existence to the A. rapid growth of urban America. B. influx of millions of immigrants. C. lack of Democratic and Republican organization in cities. D. rapid growth of urban America and the influx of millions of immigrants. E. influx of millions of immigrants and the lack of Democratic and Republican organization in cities.
rapid growth of urban America and the influx of millions of immigrants
D.
rapid growth of urban America and the influx of millions of immigrants.
A.
rapid growth of urban America.
E.
reaffirmed tribal ownership of western lands in the face of white claims to it.
78. In the late nineteenth century, urban political bosses did all of the following EXCEPT A. give out patronage. B. win votes for their political organization. C. provide material assistance to the poor. D. enrich themselves through graft and corruption. E. reduce the costs of city services.
reduce the costs of city services.
E.
reduce the costs of city services.
B.
reducing taxation.
57. The Haymarket Square riot of 1886 A. saw public outrage over the police firing into a crowd of workers. B. resulted in the conviction and execution of several anarchists. C. took place in Indianapolis. D. resulted in a strike at the McCormick Harvester Company. E. proved the catalyst for several wide-ranging labor reforms.
resulted in a strike at the McCormick Harvester Company
D.
resulted in a strike at the McCormick Harvester Company.
D.
resulted in nearly a hundred Americans dead or wounded.
D.
resulted in the construction of large commercial ocean freighters.
B.
resulted in the conviction and execution of several anarchists.
A.
resulted in the deportation of half of the Chinese in the United States.
E.
return to the Old World for good.
E.
sabotage by a disgruntled naval officer.
A.
saddles.
A.
sales of company stock to the public.
A.
saw Populism do well at the local level but fail to elect anyone to Congress.
A.
saw a rise in their standard of living.
B.
saw an expansion in the power of californios.
B.
saw close to 10,000 Filipinos die in the conflict.
C.
saw corporations move in first, followed by individual prospectors.
D.
saw few Populist-backed candidates get elected.
E.
saw intermittent resistance against "Yankee imperialism."
79. In the late nineteenth century, the Tammany Hall political machine A. saw its most famous boss, William M. Tweed, sent to prison. B. was one of the few machines that did not engage in graft and corruption. C. operated out of Chicago. D. operated out of Chicago and saw its most famous boss, William M. Tweed, sent to prison. E. All these answers are correct.
saw its most famous boss, William M. Tweed, sent to prison
A.
saw its most famous boss, William M. Tweed, sent to prison.
C.
saw more children working in factories than in agriculture.
A.
saw public outrage over the police firing into a crowd of workers.
C.
saw the Republicans sweep into dominant power.
D.
saw the United States withdraw its military and negotiate a diplomatic end to the conflict.
104. The election of 1892 A. saw Populism do well at the local level but fail to elect anyone to Congress. B. exposed the declining political power of farmers. C. saw the Republicans sweep into dominant power. D. saw few Populist-backed candidates get elected. E. saw the debut of the People's Party.
saw the debut of the People's Party
E.
saw the debut of the People's Party.
24. In the late nineteenth century, industry in the United States A. obtained the bulk of its raw materials from Central and South America. B. faced a growing shortage of laborers. C. saw the federal government eager to assist in its growth. D. lacked adequate capital to expand the domestic market. E. suffered from an entrepreneurial deficit.
saw the federal government eager to assist in its growth.
C.
saw the federal government eager to assist in its growth.
60. The Pullman strike of 1894 A. saw the president of the United States order federal troops to break the strike. B. was ultimately successful for the strikers. C. had little effect on rail transportation throughout the nation. D. ended when George Pullman dropped his demand that workers live in company housing. E. ended when Governor John Peter Altgeld called out the militia to protect employers.
saw the president of the United States order federal troops to break the strike
A.
saw the president of the United States order federal troops to break the strike.
86. According to the philosophy of pragmatism, society should be guided by A. scientific inquiry. B. inherited ideals. C. democratic tradition. D. moral principles. E. religious faith.
scientific inquiry
A.
scientific inquiry.
7. Chinese tongs were A. secret societies. B. prostitutes. C. community officials. D. merchants. E. indentured servants.
secret societies.
A.
secret societies.
C.
seen as fast disappearing, as urbanization spread west.
147. In the early twentieth century, the theory of eugenics A. contended that inequalities between humans were rooted in education. B. aimed to subvert and oppose the rising tide of nativism. C. were exposed by a federal commission as a fraudulent science. D. asserted that the root of many urban problems was overcrowded cities. E. supported the restriction of immigration by nationality.
supported the restriction of immigration by nationality
E.
supported the restriction of immigration by nationality.
B.
supporters of James G. Blaine.
100. In the late nineteenth century, the issue of primary interest to the Republican Party was A. restricting immigration. B. reducing taxation. C. a prohibition on alcohol. D. supporting public education. E. supporting high tariffs.
supporting high tariffs.
E.
supporting high tariffs.
D.
supporting public education.
B.
swelled in the twenty years between 1880 and 1900.
A.
taxing only the richest Americans.
A.
tensions between ethnic and racial groups, which divided the work force.
C.
that it would bring partisan advantage to the Republican Party.
A.
the "yellow press."
80. The national network of grocery stores that started in the 1850s was A. the A&P. B. Food Lion. C. Seven-Eleven. D. Piggly Wiggly. E. Harris Teeter.
the A&P
A.
the A&P.
C.
the Arapaho
E.
the Cheyenne
C.
the Haymarket Square riot
A.
the Homestead strike
D.
the Pawnee
D.
the Pennsylvania Railroad.
61. Eugene V. Debs played a leading role in what labor event? A. the Homestead strike B. the Pullman strike C. the Haymarket Square riot D. the Railroad strike of 1877 E. All these answers are correct.
the Pullman strike
B.
the Pullman strike
D.
the Railroad strike of 1877
B.
the Sioux
C.
the Sioux attempted to leave the reservation for Canada.
21. In 1890 at Wounded Knee, South Dakota, A. Plains Indians mounted their last major attack on white Americans. B. the U.S. Seventh Cavalry massacred two hundred Indians. C. the Sioux attempted to leave the reservation for Canada. D. the U.S. Seventh Cavalry suffered no casualties. E. All these answers are correct.
the U.S. Seventh Cavalry massacred two hundred Indians
B.
the U.S. Seventh Cavalry massacred two hundred Indians.
D.
the U.S. Seventh Cavalry suffered no casualties.
D.
the United States Congress had to approve each member of the Cuban legislature.
125. According to the terms of the 1901 Platt Amendment, A. Cuba could only form treaties with nations that were allied with the United States. B. the United States had the right to intervene in Cuba to protect life and property. C. Cuba was to be made a demilitarized region. D. the United States Congress had to approve each member of the Cuban legislature. E. Cuba was to be granted full political independence.
the United States had the right to intervene in Cuba to protect life and property
B.
the United States had the right to intervene in Cuba to protect life and property.
B.
the United States should expand its northern and southern borders into Canada and Mexico to create new frontier land.
B.
the United States was already in possession of it.
B.
the United States.
2. Which tribe should NOT be included among the Plains Indians? A. the Yurok B. the Sioux C. the Arapaho D. the Pawnee E. the Cheyenne
the Yurok
A.
the Yurok
62. Organized labor in the late nineteenth century failed to make great gains due to all the following factors EXCEPT A. tensions between ethnic and racial groups, which divided the work force. B. labor unions being faced with powerful and wealthy corporations. C. geographical mobility, which served to dilute institutional ties and class consciousness. D. major labor organizations representing only a small percentage of the industrial work force. E. the absence of state and federal laws to protect the rights of workers.
the absence of state and federal laws to protect the rights of workers
E.
the absence of state and federal laws to protect the rights of workers.
29. In the late nineteenth century, the needs of the American steel industry directly contributed to the further development of all of the following EXCEPT A. the automobile industry. B. steam engine technology. C. freighters on the Great Lakes. D. the Pennsylvania Railroad. E. the oil industry.
the automobile industry.
A.
the automobile industry.
E.
the chronic labor shortage.
D.
the corporate tax.
E.
the courts.
143. As governor of Wisconsin, the progressive reformer Robert La Follette helped win approval for A. campaign finance reform. B. mandatory health insurance. C. a repeal of the income tax. D. employee profit sharing in large corporations. E. the direct primary, initiative, and referendum.
the direct primary, initiative, and referendum
E.
the direct primary, initiative, and referendum.
E.
the federal bureaucracy.
A.
the federal government created a pension system for all retired Americans.
C.
the federal government gave pensions to both Union and Confederate veterans.
B.
the federal government to purchase surplus crops.
A.
the federal government.
17. In "The Significance of the Frontier in American History," Frederick Jackson Turner claimed A. the frontier had made Americans a distinctive people. B. the United States should expand its northern and southern borders into Canada and Mexico to create new frontier land. C. the western wars between whites and Indians were a national disgrace. D. most of the frontier land was of little practical use for Americans. E. the frontier had repressed individualism, nationalism, and democracy in America.
the frontier had made Americans a distinctive people
A.
the frontier had made Americans a distinctive people.
E.
the frontier had repressed individualism, nationalism, and democracy in America.
C.
the income tax.
D.
the judicial system.
D.
the laissez-faire philosophy should be embraced in American politics.
1. In the mid-nineteenth century, the Plains Indians were A. usually able to unite against white aggression. B. not as vulnerable to disease as eastern tribes. C. among the least aggressive of all American Indians. D. mostly sedentary farmers. E. the most widespread Indian groups in the West.
the most widespread Indian groups in the West.
E.
the most widespread Indian groups in the West.
B.
the movement to work outside the home.
D.
the notion that European influence in the world was subsiding.
E.
the oil industry.
A.
the parties' stances on economic issues.
C.
the parties' stances on social issues.
E.
the philanthropy of industrial tycoons had subverted the natural workings of society.
A.
the province solely of children and the elderly.
C.
the railroad corporations.
C.
the rate of divorce rate declined.
C.
the realization that great ventures could not be financed by any single person.
A.
the sale of American products.
D.
the training of highly skilled workers.
34. A key to Henry Ford's success in mass production of automobiles was A. the use of welds instead of rivets to speed production. B. a reduction in the size of his labor force. C. the use of interchangeable parts. D. the training of highly skilled workers. E. his encouragement of labor unions in organizing his factories.
the use of interchangeable parts
C.
the use of interchangeable parts.
A.
the use of welds instead of rivets to speed production.
A.
the western frontier had ended.
C.
the western wars between whites and Indians were a national disgrace.
119. Later evidence related to the explosion that sank the Maine suggested the likely cause was A. an accident in an engine room. B. the work of a Cuban agent. C. the work of Spanish sailors. D. a floating mine of unknown origin. E. sabotage by a disgruntled naval officer.
the work of Spanish sailors
C.
the work of Spanish sailors.
B.
the work of a Cuban agent.
B.
the working class.
E.
their more well-established unions won the railroad contracts.
B.
there was greater voter interest in local elections than in national elections.
D.
they believed it would result in lower prices.
B.
they considered paper money to be worthless.
A.
they had no other employment prospects.
A.
they had not received a college education.
43. In the late nineteenth century, Social Darwinists argued that people who failed economically in the United States did so because A. they had not received a college education. B. racism and other prejudices held them back. C. they had poor individual character. D. business wealth was concentrated into the hands of a few. E. they were not members of "the Elect."
they had poor individual character.
C.
they had poor individual character.
E.
they were forced to do without military pensions of any kind.
A.
they were interested in greater trade with Asian countries.
E.
they were not members of "the Elect."
B.
they were paid pensions by individual states, but not the federal government.
5. The Chinese from California became the major source of labor for the transcontinental railroad because A. they had no other employment prospects. B. they worked for lower wages than what whites would accept. C. most were experienced in railroad construction. D. most were forced into working for the railroads. E. their more well-established unions won the railroad contracts.
they worked for lower wages than what whites would accept.
B.
they worked for lower wages than what whites would accept.
B.
took critical issue with the ideas of Social Darwinism.
C.
took place in Indianapolis.
32. Orville and Wilbur Wright's first successful airplane flight in 1903 A. took place near Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. B. lasted just over one minute. C. did not in fact take off by itself. D. took place near Kitty Hawk, North Carolina and did not in fact take off by itself. E. All these answers are correct.
took place near Kitty Hawk, North Carolina and did not in fact take off by itself
D.
took place near Kitty Hawk, North Carolina and did not in fact take off by itself.
A.
took place near Kitty Hawk, North Carolina.
E.
tried in particular to enlist support for their cause from lawyers.
C.
tried to defend Booker T. Washington's ideas from W. E. B. Du Bois's attacks.
B.
was accelerated by Indian tribes who killed large numbers of buffalo to sell to white Americans.
C.
was also developed by an American, William Kelly.
A.
was an exclusively black organization.
96. James A. Garfield A. opposed reform of the civil service system as president. B. was elected president with a commanding popular-vote margin. C. was assassinated by an unsuccessful office seeker. D. had been nominated by the Republicans because he was a loyal Stalwart. E. All these answers are correct.
was assassinated by an unsuccessful office seeker
C.
was assassinated by an unsuccessful office seeker.
145. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People A. was an exclusively black organization. B. was a competitor organization to the Niagara Movement. C. tried to defend Booker T. Washington's ideas from W. E. B. Du Bois's attacks. D. was both an exclusively black organization and a competitor organization to the Niagara Movement. E. None of these answers is correct.
was both an exclusively black organization and a competitor organization to the Niagara Movement
D.
was both an exclusively black organization and a competitor organization to the Niagara Movement.
B.
was dominated by anarchists.
B.
was elected president with a commanding popular-vote margin.
B.
was first done in the United States.
E.
was founded during the progressive era.
D.
was headed by a male president.
D.
was hotly debated at the time.
A.
was intended to preserve traditional Indian culture.
B.
was largely governed by a representative assembly.
C.
was later replaced by the Anti-Saloon League.
C.
was led by General George Pershing.
126. In the early twentieth century, Cuba A. attracted little investment by American businesses. B. won a large measure of political independence from the United States. C. developed a stable economy through its sugar industry. D. was occupied by troops from the United States for years at a time. E. saw intermittent resistance against "Yankee imperialism."
was occupied by troops from the United States for years at a time
D.
was occupied by troops from the United States for years at a time.
D.
was often blamed on the violent proclivities of immigrant groups, and led many city governments to create professional public police departments.
C.
was often blamed on the violent proclivities of immigrant groups.
B.
was one of consistent acceptance.
C.
was one of consistent hostility.
109. To many middle-class Americans, the major labor upheavals of the late nineteenth century A. were evidence that the inequalities of capitalism needed to be addressed. B. drew little interest outside of large urban cities. C. were clear indications of the excessive power of monopolies. D. suggested that a Labor Party, if founded, might eventually capture the presidency. E. were dangerous signs of social instability.
were dangerous signs of social instability
E.
were dangerous signs of social instability.
A.
were evidence that the inequalities of capitalism needed to be addressed.
C.
were exposed by a federal commission as a fraudulent science.
103. Compared to the Grange movement, the Farmers' Alliances A. were far more widespread. B. were created to replace Grange associations. C. had more effective and better managed cooperatives. D. sought a closer working relationship with banks. E. shunned the political system, emphasizing instead education and organization.
were far more widespread
A.
were far more widespread.
C.
were forced to contend with arduous and dangerous working conditions.
C.
were living examples of "self-made men."
A.
were nonexistent.
83. At the turn of the twentieth century, motion pictures A. had been invented by D. W. Griffith. B. were the first true mass entertainment medium. C. operated under strict morality codes. D. both were the first true mass entertainment medium, and operated under strict morality codes. E. All these answers are correct.
were the first true mass entertainment medium
B.
were the first true mass entertainment medium.
A.
western progressives.
C.
white American ranchers and Chinese ranchers.
B.
white American ranchers and Mexican ranchers.
15. In the late nineteenth century, "range wars" in the West were between A. white Americans and Indians. B. white American ranchers and Mexican ranchers. C. white American ranchers and Chinese ranchers. D. individual white American ranchers and large American ranching corporations. E. white American ranchers and farmers.
white American ranchers and farmers
E.
white American ranchers and farmers.
A.
white Americans and Indians.
B.
win votes for their political organization.
C.
woman suffrage organization.
E.
women began gaining the right to divorce in many states.
B.
won a large measure of political independence from the United States.
E.
zinc
