HIST 2111 - Chapter 5

Most German immigrants to the middle colonies in the eighteenth century came from which economic group?

"Middling folk"

15. During the Middle Passage (the long trip across the Atlantic from Africa to the Americas), African slaves on average died at a rate of a. 100 percent. b. 5 percent. c. 15 percent. d. 60 percent.

15 percent.

Wheat productionDuring the Middle Passage, African slaves on average died at a rate of

15 percent.

What percentage of the population in the South consisted of enslaved black people in 1770?

40 percent

What accounted for the high death rate of newly arrived Africans during their first year in the southern colonies in the eighteenth century?

Disease

Which of the following describes the New England economy in the eighteenth century?

Diversified and dependent on linkages between remote farms and markets throughout the Atlantic world

Female servants in the middle colonies in the eighteenth century performed what kind of labor?

Domestic tasks such as cooking or washing

Why did most immigrants from northern Ireland, Scotland, and northern England leave their home countries for the middle colonies in the eighteenth century?

Economic conditions

Which of the following features was a defining characteristic of eighteenth-century North American colonial society?

Economic expansion

20. During the eighteenth century, colonial assemblies a. became stronger than royal governors. b. grew weaker than royal governors. c. lost their influence with their constituents. d. reflected the economic makeup of their communities.

became stronger than royal governors

3. In general, the growth and diversity of the eighteenth-century population derived from a. immigration. b. natural increase. c. both immigration and natural increase. d. Indian assimilation.

both immigration and natural increase.

10. "Redemptioners" paid their way to the colonies a. by selling their labor under contract. b. by obtaining church sponsorship. c. themselves. d. with discounted tickets.

by selling their labor under contract.

14. African slaves in the South a. were always imported from the West Indies. b. came from different African cultures. c. came from the same African culture. d. all spoke the same language.

came from different African cultures.

20. Spain expanded its influence in California in order to a. establish plantations. b. acquire new territory. c. find gold. d. check Russian expansion.

check Russian expansion.

19. At a minimum, British power a. kept intercolonial strife to a minimum. b. defended the colonists from indigenous and foreign enemies. c. organized the militia. d. regulated the state churches.

defended the colonists from indigenous and foreign enemies

9. Immigrants from northern Ireland, Scotland, and northern England usually left their homes because of a. deteriorating economic conditions. b. religious persecution. c. warfare. d. high taxes.

deteriorating economic conditions.

6. When bequeathing land, New England families a. left all land to the eldest son. b. divided the land equally among sons. c. divided the land equally among all children. d. gave the land to the neediest child.

divided the land equally among sons.

When bequeathing land, most eighteenth-century New England families

divided the land equally among sons.

In the lower South in the eighteenth century, slaves who worked in the task system could

earn free time by completing an assignment early.

16. The Stono rebellion demonstrated that a. in the eighteenth century, determined slaves could escape their masters. b. eighteenth-century slaves had no chance of overturning slavery. c. with enough planning and weapons, slaves might be able to overturn slavery. d. the slave regime was lax about discipline.

eighteenth-century slaves had no chance of overturning slavery.

17. Rising consumption of various British imports gave colonists more choices about what to buy; those new choices a. improved health and lengthened life spans. b. decreased colonial dependence on England. c. encouraged colonists to think about their individual wants. d. encouraged colonists to develop local industries.

encouraged colonists to think about their individual wants.

Rising consumption of various British imports gave colonists more choices about what to buy; those new choices

encouraged colonists to think about their individual wants.

2. In addition to the growth in population, one of the major features of eighteenth-century colonial society was the a. depressed economy. b. expanding economy. c. lack of food. d. low birthrate.

expanding economy.

11. Most farms in the middle colonies operated using a. family labor. b. slave labor. c. one worker. d. gangs of day laborers.

family labor.

Most eighteenth-century farms in the middle colonies operated using

family labor.

12. The major export from the middle colonies was a. fish. b. flour. c. rum. d. milling equipment.

flour

Members of the southern gentry could be characterized as

gamblers and lavish entertainers.

14. Slave women were encouraged to contribute to the financial success of southern colonies by a. giving birth to babies who would also be slaves. b. pleasing their masters. c. serving as nurses to sick slaves. d. subduing slave rebellions.

giving birth to babies who would also be slaves.

5. The most important reason why immigrants avoided New England was its a. cold winters. b. high ratio of people to land. c. high cost of living. d. high mortality rate.

high ratio of people to land.

Economic historians estimate that free colonists in British North America had a

higher standard of living than the majority of people elsewhere in the Atlantic world.

18. The religious revivals of the eighteenth century were important because they a. halted the long-term decline in church membership. b. imparted the message that every soul mattered. c. discouraged the consumption of luxury items. d. focused colonial discontent with the ruling order.

imparted the message that every soul mattered.

8. Most of the slaves in New England were concentrated a. among clergymen. b. in towns. c. on family farms. d. on large plantations.

in towns.

In the late seventeenth century, the richest 5 percent of Bostonians owned about one-third of the city's wealth; by 1770, their wealth

increased significantly.

5. During the eighteenth century, the colonial governments of Connecticut and Massachusetts started selling land to a. churches. b. groups of settlers. c. individuals. d. towns.

individuals.

During the eighteenth century, the colonial governments of Connecticut and Massachusetts started selling land to

individuals.

By 1770, the colonists in British North America

lived under thirteen different colonial governments.

The commercial economy of New England in the eighteenth century was dominated by

merchants

8. The commercial economy of New England was dominated by a. ships' captains. b. merchants. c. bankers. d. lawyers.

merchants.

About 75 percent of the population growth of British North America in the eighteenth century derived from

natural increase.

By 1770, the people living in the thirteen colonies were

of diverse ethnic backgrounds.

7. In the late seventeenth century, the richest 5 percent of Bostonians owned about one-third of the city's wealth; by 1770, they owned a. one-quarter of the city's wealth. b. the same proportion of the city's wealth. c. one-half of the city's wealth. d. two-thirds of the city's wealth.

one-half of the city's wealth.

16. The vast differences of wealth among white southerners engendered a. open hostility. b. armed rebellion. c. only occasional tension. d. cross-racial alliances.

only occasional tension.

17. The European market for colonial goods made it clear that a. only the elite could buy small luxury items. b. the colonies would never provide a market for English goods. c. ordinary people could buy small luxury items. d. most people were not interested in purchasing unnecessary goods.

ordinary people could buy small luxury items

1. The most important fact about eighteenth-century colonial America is its a. economic underdevelopment. b. shortage of available land. c. phenomenal population growth. d. level of violence.

phenomenal population growth.

13. The process of acculturation was helped by a. planters' kindly treatment of their slaves. b. the limited number of languages spoken in Africa. c. planters' preferences for slaves from specific regions of Africa. d. the similarity of the southern climate to that of Africa.

planters' preferences for slaves from specific regions of Africa.

The abundance of land in North America meant that it was possible for the colonial population to grow

rapidly and without widespread poverty.

4. The abundance of land meant that it was possible for the colonial population to grow a. rapidly but with widespread poverty. b. slowly and without widespread poverty. c. slowly but with widespread poverty. d. rapidly and without widespread poverty.

rapidly but with widespread poverty.

California Indians responded to the arrival of Spain's missions and missionaries in California in the 1760s and 1770s by

resisting them.

15. Masters preferred black slaves over white indentured servants because slaves a. served for life, could be disciplined freely, and afforded a greater profit. b. served for life and were believed to be better workers. c. could be disciplined freely and were believed to be better workers. d. served for life and were believed to be smarter.

served for life, could be disciplined freely, and afforded a greater profit.

9. The large-scale migration of German immigrants to the middle colonies originated primarily from a. Austria. b. southwestern Germany. c. Switzerland. d. Bavaria.

southwestern Germany.

3. In 1700, most colonists lived within fifty miles of a. Canada. b. the Atlantic coast. c. the colonial frontier. d. Indian territory.

the Atlantic coast.

In 1700, most British colonists in North America lived within fifty miles of

the Atlantic coast.

13. By 1770, the most populous region of the British colonies was a. New England. b. the South. c. the middle colonies. d. the far West.

the South.

During the eighteenth century, the majority of New England's exports went to

the West Indies.

11. The conditions under which a slave labored were legally set by a. the master's commands. b. colonial law. c. local custom. d. a written contract.

the master's commands.

19. During the Yamasee War of 1715, the Cherokees helped the English settlers in South Carolina fight against the Creek and Yamasee Indians because a. they were rivals of the Creeks and wanted access to British trade goods. b. they had converted to Christianity and felt obligated to defend their fellow Christians. c. they had a mutual interest with English planters in protecting the slave trade in South Carolina. d. disease and warfare had weakened them to the point that they could not conceive of defeating the British.

they were rivals of the Creeks and wanted access to British trade goods.

12. The popularity of Benjamin Franklin's Poor Richard's Almanack demonstrated that Pennsylvania's colonists had a. remained committed to their Quaker ideals of a divine inner light. b. turned work into a secular faith. c. become very lazy. d. changed their outward behavior entirely.

turned work into a secular faith.

The increased availability of English goods in the eighteenth-century colonial market influenced the American colonists by

tying them to the British economy and making them feel more British.

2. By 1770, the thirteen colonies were a. varied in people and environments. b. as homogeneous as Virginia. c. all subject to what amounted to a colonial "state" religion. d. all under one colonial government.

varied in people and environments.

In the eighteenth-century South, a creole slave was one who

was born into slavery in the colonies.

6. Many New Englanders made a living a. growing rice. b. exporting whiskey. c. at sea. d. refining sugar.

at sea.

What was the major export from the middle colonies in the eighteenth century?

Flour

Why did many artisans, manufacturers, and shopkeepers in the middle colonies in the eighteenth century prefer servants' labor over that of wage workers?

Four months of workers' wages would pay for five or six years of servant labor.

Who was the most famous revivalist in the eighteenth century?

George Whitefield

18. The most famous revivalist in the eighteenth century was a. George Whitefield. b. Benjamin Franklin. c. Jonathan Edwards. d. William Moraley.

George Whitefield.

Who were the Pennsylvania Dutch?

Germans who immigrated to Pennsylvania

Where were most of the slaves in New England concentrated?

In towns

How did immigration shift the ethnic and racial balance in the British North American colonies in the eighteenth century?

It made the British North American colonies less white and less English.

Why did New York's Hudson Valley attract fewer immigrants than Pennsylvania in the eighteenth century?

Owners of estates in the Hudson Valley preferred to rent rather than sell their land.

10. German and Scots-Irish immigrants both tended to be a. Protestant and clannish. b. practicing Lutherans. c. members of dissenting churches. d. from urban areas.

Protestant and clannish.

7. When settlers dispersed from New England towns in search of farmland, a. they often died alone in the wilderness. b. they almost always were financially successful. c. Puritan communities lost their cohesiveness. d. Puritan communities regained their cohesiveness.

Puritan communities lost their cohesiveness.

Why did many immigrants to British North America in the eighteenth century avoid New England?

Puritan orthodoxy made these colonies comparatively inhospitable to those of other faiths and those indifferent of religion.

How did the conditions of servitude in the middle colonies in the eighteenth century differ for indentured servants and redemptioners?

Redemptioners negotiated the terms of their servitude, but indentured servants didn't have that right.

1. The largest percentage of immigrants to America during the eighteenth century were a. Africans. b. from the German-language principalities. c. Scots-Irish. d. from England.

Scots-Irish

The largest percentage of immigrants to British North America during the eighteenth century were

Scots-Irish.

How did the Great Awakening affect church membership in the British North American colonies in the eighteenth century?

The Great Awakening did not increase the total number of church members in the colonies.

By what means did Indians in British North America in the eighteenth century usually obtain British manufactured goods such as guns, ammunition, and metal pots?

The fur trade

In addition to their competition for land, colonial settlers and Indians engaged in conflicts over which issue?

The fur trade

Why did many immigrants to British North America in the eighteenth century avoid New England?

The high ratio of people to land

What kind of social change characterized the British North American colonies over the course of the eighteenth century?

The population grew to be eight times the size it was at the beginning of the century.

Why were the colonial religious revivals of the eighteenth century important?

The revivals imparted the message that every soul mattered.

What was the Middle Passage in the context of eighteenth-century North American society?

The trans-Atlantic journey endured by Africans who had been captured in their homelands and brought to America

What did the popularity of Benjamin Franklin's Poor Richard's Almanack demonstrate about Pennsylvania's colonists in the eighteenth century?

They turned work into a secular faith.

Which industry formed the basis of Pennsylvania's economic growth in the eighteenth century?

Wheat production

About 33 percent of all eighteenth-century immigrants to British North America came from

Africa

4. About 33 percent of all eighteenth-century immigrants came from a. England. b. Africa. c. the German principalities. d. Scotland.

Africa.

Why did colonial New Englanders' practice of partible inheritance become a problem in the eighteenth century?

After the passage of several generations, plots of land became too small to support a family.

What did eighteenth-century German and Scots-Irish immigrants to the middle colonies have in common?

Both groups preferred to settle among their own kind.

How did redemptioners who came to the middle colonies in the eighteenth century pay for their passage across the Atlantic Ocean?

By selling their labor under contract

Why was there a high demand for labor in the British North American colonies in the eighteenth century?

Land was abundant and relatively inexpensive.

What was the one major agricultural product exported by the New England colonies in the eighteenth century?

Livestock

What was a consequence of the Massachusetts and Connecticut colonial governments' decisions to sell land directly to individuals in the eighteenth century?

Money, rather than Puritan church membership, became the prerequisite for land acquisition.

Why did so few colonists in eighteenth-century New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania use slave labor?

Most farmers in the region cultivated wheat, which was not a very labor-intensive crop.

Why did New Englanders possess only 25 percent as much wealth as free colonists in the South in 1770?

New England farms did not produce huge marketable surpluses of cash crops in quantities necessary to produce wealth.

What was the most populous region of the British colonies by 1770?

The South

African slaves in the eighteenth-century South came to the American colonies from

a variety of African cultures.

Why did New York City authorities execute thirty-one slaves in 1741?

The authorities believed they were the criminals who plagued the city with arson and theft.

Compared with the poor in England, the least wealthy eighteenth-century New Englanders were

able to live more comfortably.