HIST 2610 Quiz 10

Why did local authorities arrest Joseph Smith in the city of Nauvoo, Illinois, in the mid-1830s?

After Smith, founder of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, claimed to have received revelations that sanctioned polygamy, local authorities arrested him and his brother, and a mob lynched them.

In addition to the growth of coastal cities, where did boomtowns emerge in the early to mid-nineteenth century?

Along inland waterways Seaports like New York and Philadelphia gained the greatest population in the early to mid-nineteenth century. But boomtowns also emerged along inland waterways. Rochester, New York, first settled in 1812, was flooded by goods and people once the Erie Canal was completed in 1825.

What distinguished the textile factories of Lowell, Massachusetts, founded by the Boston Associates in the 1820s?

Every step of their production was mechanized. In the experiment at Waltham, the Lowell mills ran on the principle of having every production step mechanized to achieve efficiency

What distinguished products—like shoes—made in factories after the 1820s from those made in the old craft tradition?

Factory-made goods were cheaper than handcrafted goods.

Why did farm families in early-nineteenth-century New England send their daughters to work in textile factories?

Farm families needed more cash because of the growing market economy, and textile work allowed young women to contribute to their families' finances.

How did craft work change over the course of the nineteenth century?

Fewer skilled craftsmen were required to complete the work.

Why did the followers of William Lloyd Garrison reject the Liberty Party?

Garrison believed that participating in electoral politics acknowledged the legitimacy of a government that supported slavery. Garrison argued that because the federal government recognized slavery in matters such as the three-fifths compromise and allowed slavery in the territories, it was fatally flawed. No participation was moral as a result.

Why did the residents of Rochester feel increasingly concerned about their town in the late 1820s?

In the late 1820s, boomtown growth in Rochester and other localities in western New York along the Erie Canal aroused deep concerns about the growing tide of sin.

What did the artists of the Hudson River School have in common with the writer Ralph Waldo Emerson?

Both emphasized the power of nature in their work Transcendentalist writer Emerson developed the idea of a Universal Being who was revealed in nature, while the Hudson River School artists, such as Thomas Cole, also stressed the grandeur of the natural world in their paintings of landscapes, mountains, waterfalls, and vistas.

What did Irish immigrants and free black workers have in common in nineteenth-century cities?

Both free blacks and Irish immigrants competed for the same unskilled jobs at the bottom of the economic ladder. As a result, violence sometimes flared between the groups, and the Irish insisted their race made them superior to people of African descent.

How did the new type of cheap tabloid newspapers in the United States woo readers in the 1840s?

By publishing sensational stories of sex and crime Improvements in printing created vastly more and cheaper newspapers, and these tabloids wooed readers by publishing sensational stories of crime, sex, and scandal.

How did the Lowell textile factory owners worsen working conditions of their female employees in the 1830s?

By speeding up the machines Factory owners in the 1830s began to cut wages, make workers work longer hours, and speed up the machines so that they would produce more cloth in a shorter time.

Why did cities replace voluntary night watchmen with police forces before the Civil War?

Crime was on the rise, and the fear of crime grew even faster. In response to both a real increase in crime and a heightened perception of urban dangers, cities replaced voluntary night watchmen with police forces.

Why did urban violence in the United States increase in the 1840s?

Economic competition for scarce resources increased urban violence. Violence in American cities increased as economic competition intensified in the 1840s. Native-born white workers and employers pushed Irish immigrants to the bottom of the economic ladder, where they competed with African Americans.

Which of the following is true about the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints in the 1830s and 1840s?

Joseph Smith, founder of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, claimed that he began to receive visions from God at age fifteen, and was directed to dig up gold plates inscribed with instructions for redeeming the Lost Tribes of Israel. The Book of Mormon (1830), based on these inscriptions, served, along with the Bible, as the scriptural foundation of the church.

How did Northerners react to the growth of the abolition movement in the 1830s?

Manufacturers generally disapproved, since an end to slavery would disrupt the trade in southern exports. Slave labor supported northern trades, and manufacturers did not want to see profitable commerce changed.

How did middle-class men contribute to the consumer economy in the first half of the nineteenth century in the United States?

Middle-class men invested in industrial and commercial ventures that helped develop the consumer economy.

Prior to the 1830s, most Irish immigrants were

Most Irish families that settled in North America prior to the 1830s were Scots-Irish Presbyterians.

Which of the following was a character who appeared in early-nineteenth-century minstrel shows to mock African Americans?

Popularized by Tim Rice, who would darken his face with burnt cork to look black, the character Jim Crow was a caricature of African Americans often found in minstrel show song-and-dance routines.

Why did some white workingmen in the United States embrace the temperance movement in the 1830s?

Protestant white working-class men tended to embrace temperance to distinguish themselves from Irish Catholic workers, who were caricatured as drunkards.

What drove immigration to the United States from Germany and Scandinavia in the 1840s and 1850s?

Repressive landlords Economic exploitation and lack of economic opportunities due to oppressive landlords drove many Scandinavians and Germans to leave for the United States.

Which of the following accurately describes the accomplishment of Margaret Fuller in the 1840s?

She combined transcendental ideas with arguments for women's rights. Fuller published her ideas about the conflict between women's assigned roles and their innate abilities in Woman in the Nineteenth Century (1845), which combined transcendental ideas with arguments for women's rights.

Which of the following urban structures were visible indicators of the growing diversity of the American population in the 1840s and 1850s?

Synagogues, but convents as well, were visible indicators of the growing diversity of American cities.

Which of the following best describes the cult of domesticity that emerged in the new American middle class from the 1820s on?

The cult of domesticity restricted wives to home and hearth, but it also cemented women's roles as social liaisons and agents of charity.

Which of the following were part of the planned community of Lowell, Massachusetts, in the 1820s?

The textile factories of Lowell were built as part of a planned community that included boardinghouses for young female factory workers.

What did utopian communities, antislavery societies, and labor protest groups have in common in the nineteenth century?

They all contributed to encouraging the women's rights movement. Utopian communities experimented with sexual equality. Antislavery societies inspired women to work against injustice. Labor protests highlighted women's economic needs.

Why did New England farm girls of the early nineteenth century consider work in factory towns like Lowell an adventure?

They could acquire a wider view of the world. New England farm girls viewed work in the factories as an adventure despite the constant regulations and supervision, since it gave them the opportunity to meet new people, attend lectures and concerts, and acquire a wider view of the world.

How did factory owners respond to the panic of 1837?

They mechanized with technologies like the power loom. In Lowell and other textile towns, the process of mechanization grew from the desire of factory owners to improve their economic situation after the panic of 1837.

How did more affluent residents of American urban centers distance themselves from the poor crowds of inner cities after the 1830s?

They moved away from city centers. Innovations in transportation in the 1830s made it possible for more affluent residents to distance themselves from crowded inner cities. The first horse-drawn streetcar line in New York City in 1832, for example, allowed wealthy families to move away from the urban center.

Why were skilled workers offended by the factory work organization of the 1830s?

They were treated as dependents rather than independent craftsmen. Skilled workers were offended by the new regime, which treated them as wage-earning dependents rather than as independent craftsmen. As the process of deskilling transformed shoemaking, printing, tailoring, and other trades, laboring men fought to maintain their status.

Why was Henry David Thoreau imprisoned for a night in 1846?

Thoreau was imprisoned overnight for refusing to pay taxes as a protest against slavery and the Mexican-American War.

The efforts of moral reformers against prostitution in the 1840s included

petitions for harsh punishments of men. Reformers recognized that the customers of brothels as well as prostitutes needed to fear the law.

To convince New England farm parents to let their daughters work at the Lowell factories, recruiting agents had to

promise tight oversight over the daughters. Agents had to reassure parents that their daughters would be watched by managers and foremen as well as landladies in boardinghouses.