HIST: CH 19

Educational changes in the years 1877 to 1900 did NOT include

-compulsory school attendance in all states. -Compulsory school attendance was not usual in southern states.

Leaders of the settlement house movement tried to

-create small-town values and community for their city neighborhoods. -reduce school dropouts. -regulate child labor. -help immigrants to learn American history and language while preserving their own ethnic heritage.

By 1900, most Americans lived in

-small towns or on farms. -Not until 1920 did the census show that most Americans lived in cities.

True/False

...

Which of the following authors argued that the American ideal of women's "innocence" really meant their ignorance?

Charlotte Perkins Gilman in Women and Economics

Because of their rather sedate taste in entertainment, nineteenth-century Americans opposed such frivolities as circuses and melodramas.

False

In How the Other Half Lives, Jacob Riis illustrated in words and pictures the dismal life of black sharecroppers and tenant farmers in the South.

False

In the years 1877-1890, African Americans enjoyed more educational opportunities than did white women.

False -Educational opportunities increased for women, while few colleges admitted blacks and other minorities.

The 1900 census showed that, for the first time, most Americans lived in cities.

False -The 1920 census was the first to show that, for the first time, most Americans lived in cities.

The new social workers of the late nineteenth century produced theoretical and utopian studies on urban blight that neglected hard facts and details.

False -The new class of professional social workers collected mountains of data as a precursor to offering solutions to the problems of the poor.

Which of the following arrangement of events is in the correct chronological order?

Morrill Land Grant Act, establishment of Tuskegee Institute, Plessy v. Ferguson decision -The Morrill Act establishing land-grant colleges was in 1862, Tuskegee Institute for black students opened in 1881, and the "Plessy v. Ferguson" decision endorsing the concept of "separate but equal" schools was in 1896.

Summary

The development of American cities radically altered the nation's social environment and problems.

Between 1877 and 1890, the middle-class American family was declining in its economic function, but increasing in emotional expression.

True

Clarence Darrow argued that the "unjust condition of human life" produced criminals criminals were made, not born.

True -Darrow's views were in contrast to those of the social Darwinists; he insisted that environment played a determinative role in human development.

In the late nineteenth century, American colleges and universities moved away from the traditional classical curriculum toward "reality and practicality."

True -Rhetoric and dead languages gave way to engineering and science.

In response to Booker T. Washington's policies of political passivity and vocational training, W. E. B. Du Bois proposed political

activism and intellectual education.

Changes in higher education included all of the following except

an increased emphasis on a classical curriculum.

During the late nineteenth century, American women did NOT

espouse fewer reforms than earlier generations of American women.

What was the average life expectancy of Americans in 1900?

forty-seven years, but only thirty-three years for African Americans

Which approach to poverty was used by professional social workers but not by church and charity volunteers?

help in alleviating the suffering caused by economic depression

Late-nineteenth-century reforms benefiting women included

laws mandating that women control their own earnings.

According to George Washington Plunkett, political "machines" survived because they

offered needed services for the poor.

Significant medical developments in Victorian America included all of the following except

prevention of tuberculosis, typhoid, and diphtheria

As a solution to poverty in modern society, Henry George proposed to

replace all taxes with a single tax on land. -

Herbert Spencer's Social Darwinism held that

society evolved by adapting to the environment through social selection. -Spencer posited that a "natural selection" process that existed in nature eventually placed some societies "higher" on a scale of civilization than others.