Histology Exam 2 MCQs
19. Which of the following is NOT part of a pilosebaceous unit? A. Eccrine sweat gland B. Apocrine sweat gland C. Arrector pili D. Hair follicle E. Sebaceous gland
A. Eccrine sweat gland
16. The fundic stomach normally has all the following EXCEPT: A. Stem cells located at the base of the glands B. Pits that are lined by surface mucous cells C. Enteroendocrine cells (DNES cells) that secrete into the lamina propria D. Glands that contain parietal cells and chief cells E. A thicker mucosa than the pyloric or cardiac stomach
A. Stem cells located at the base of the glands
19. Which of the following characteristics would definitely allow you to identify a tissue sample as being from the colon? A. The longitudinal muscle of the muscularis externae is thin or absent except for three thick longitudinal strips B. Intestinal glands (crypts of Lieberkuhn) open into the base of pits C. All of the cells on the luminal surface are goblet cells D. There is an abrupt transition from simple columnar to stratified squamous epithelium E. The outer layer is an adventitia
A. The longitudinal muscle of the muscularis externae is thin or absent except for three thick longitudinal strips
2. T-helper lymphocytes release IL-2 that binds to IL-2 receptors on the surface of the T-helper lymphocytes. This type of secretion is called: A. autocrine B. cytocrine C. eccrine D. endocrine E. paracrine
A. autocrine
13. ACTH is released from the ____________ of the ___________ and stimulates the growth and secretory activity of ______________ of the adrenal cortex. A. basophils; anterior pituitary; the zona fascicularis and zona reticularis B. acidophils; anterior pituitary; all layers C. basophils; posterior pituitary; the zona fascicularis and zona reticularis D. acidophils; posterior pituitary; all layers E. None of the above is correct
A. basophils; anterior pituitary; the zona fascicularis and zona reticularis
7. Water-soluble hormones and intercellular mediators bind to __________ receptors that then use __________________ to effect cellular changes that are ___________ in terms of response time. A. cell-surface; second messengers; rapid B. intracellular; second messengers; rapid C. cell-surface; changes in gene transcription; delayed D. intracellular; changes in gene transcription; delayed E. None of the above
A. cell-surface; second messengers; rapid
14. Which of the following is TRUE concerning the neurohypophysis? A. contains oxytocin which is manufactured in the hypothalamus B. develops from ectoderm of the primitive oral cavity (stomodeum) C. controlled by hypothalamic releasing factors D. 40% of its parenchymal cells are acidophils
A. contains oxytocin which is manufactured in the hypothalamus
5. Which of the following is NOT associated with hair follicles? A. eccrine sweat glands B. apocrine sweat glands C. sebaceous glands D. smooth muscle of arrector pili
A. eccrine sweat glands
10. Releasing hormones are conveyed from the ______________ to the____________________ by the ___________________ veins. A. hypothalamus; adenohypophysis; hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal B. hypothalamus; neurohypophysis; hypothalamo- hypophyseal portal C. hypothalamus; adenohypophysis; hypothalamo- hypophyseal D. hypothalamus; neurohypophysis; hypothalamo- hypophyseal E. None of the above
A. hypothalamus; adenohypophysis; hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal
19. Unconjugated bilirubin exits the spleen as a result of breakdown of aged RBCs. If you could sample blood from each of the following vessels associated with a normal liver, you would be most likely to find unconjugated bilirubin in the sample from the: A. portal vein B. hepatic vein C. hepatic artery D. central veins
A. portal vein
5. Which of the following is NOT found in the interalveolar septum? A. smooth myocytes B. elastic fibers C. fibroblasts D. endothelial cells E. collagen fibers
A. smooth myocytes
10. Membrane-coating granules (lamellar bodies) are NOT or do NOT: A. stain intensely with eosin B. contain glycosphingolipids, phospholipids, and ceramides that are released into the extracellular spaces between the stratum granulosum and stratum corneum C. form the lipid envelope to contribute to the epidermal water barrier D. are first seen in cells of the stratum spinosum E. both "A" and "D"
A. stain intensely with eosin
7. The epithelial lining of a lobar bronchus is which of the following tissue types? A. Simple columnar B. Ciliated pseudostratified C. Stratified squamous D. Transitional E. Simple squamous
B. Ciliated pseudostratified
17. Identify the FALSE statement about the colon: A. Goblet cells are more abundant than in the small intestine B. The inner layer of the muscularis externa is discontinuous or very thin, forming the taeniae coli C. There are no villi D. Intestinal glands (crypts of Lieberkuhn) lie in the mucosa E. The transverse colon has a serosa rather than an adventitia
B. The inner layer of the muscularis externa is discontinuous or very thin, forming the taeniae coli
11. What feature(s) enable one to identify melanocytes in a histologic sample of pigmented skin? A. They contain the highest concentration of melanin. B. Their cytoplasm often appears pale by comparison to the adjacent keratinocytes that have a higher amount of melanin. C. One can stain for desmoplakins and desmogleins, the cadherin proteins found in desmosomes. D. both "A" and "C" E. None of the above.
B. Their cytoplasm often appears pale by comparison to the adjacent keratinocytes that have a higher amount of melanin.
18. Which is the FALSE statement about intestinal villi? A. They are permanent structures B. They contain submucosa in their core C. They contain lymphatic capillaries called lacteals which are involved in absorption of dietary fat D. They contain fenestrated capillaries
B. They contain submucosa in their core
13. Which of the following statements concerning bile canaliculi is correct? A. They are the site at which lipoproteins are secreted by hepatocytes B. They form between adjacent hepatocytes and are bounded by junctional complexes C. They are the space between the hepatic cell and the sinusoidal endothelium D. They drain into the terminal hepatic venule E. They are lined by simple squamous epithelium
B. They form between adjacent hepatocytes and are bounded by junctional complexes
17. The endothelial cells of the liver sinusoids: A. are also called Kupffer cells B. are in contact with the space of Disse C. form continuous capillaries D. line the bile canaliculi E. store large amounts of vitamin A
B. are in contact with the space of Disse
15. Herring bodies are: A. eosinophilic accumulations within the cytoplasm of pituicytes that surround the axons of the neurosecretory neurons located within the neurohypophysis B. collections of secretory vesicles containing oxytocin and/or vasopressin found along and at the ends of axons of neurosecretory neurons of the neurohypophysis C. basophilic cytoplasmic inclusions that result from an inability of a pituitary basophil to release its secretory product D. an artifact
B. collections of secretory vesicles containing oxytocin and/or vasopressin found along and at the ends of axons of neurosecretory neurons of the neurohypophysis
7. Acinar cells of the exocrine pancreas: A. secrete bicarbonate-rich fluid B. contain zymogen granules in their apical region C. form numerous serous demilunes applied to mucous acini D. are eosinophilic at their base E. form the islets of Langerhans
B. contain zymogen granules in their apical region
16. The gall bladder: A. concentrates bile by actively transporting sodium ions into its lumen B. contracts in response to cholecystokinin (CCK) released from diffuse neuroendocrine cells (DNES) cells in the duodenum C. contracts in response to somatostatin released from DNES cells in the duodenum D. expels bile into the cystic duct when the skeletal muscle in the gall bladder's muscularis contracts E. has a well-developed muscularis mucosae
B. contracts in response to cholecystokinin (CCK) released from diffuse neuroendocrine cells (DNES) cells in the duodenum
5. Replicating populations of gastrointestinal epithelial cells are located A. in the crypt-villus junction in the jejunum B. in the basal one-third of the crypt in the colon C. at the free surface of the esophagus D. uniformly over the surface of the gastric pit E. in the base of the fundic glands of the stomach
B. in the basal one-third of the crypt in the colon
3. Which of the following events is required to stimulate secretion of stored proteins? A. influx of Na+ into the cytoplasm B. increase of cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations C. release of stored ATP from mitochondria D. cleavage of a signal peptide from the stored protein E. release of elementary particles stored in mitochondria
B. increase of cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations
10. Consider Clara cells. Which of the following is FALSE? A. Also known as bronchiolar cells B. line conducting bronchioles along with goblet cells C. Have a characteristic dome-shaped apical end that projects into the lumen D. Secrete some of the protein components of surfactant to aid in maintaining patency of the bronchiole E. serve as stem cells for the bronchiolar epithelium
B. line conducting bronchioles along with goblet cells
9. Consider pulmonary surfactant. Which of the following is FALSE? A. It consists of a mixture of phospholipids, neutral lipids and proteins B. mostly secreted by type I pneumocytes C. coats the alveolar surface of the type I and type II pneumocytes D. some of its protein components come from Clara cells E. not secreted by fetal lung until after the 35th week of gestation
B. mostly secreted by type I pneumocytes
4. The glassy membrane separates the _________ from the ________ of the hair follicle. A. inner root sheath; outer root sheath B. outer root sheath; dermal root sheath C. tip of the dermal papilla; cell matrix D. medulla; cortex E. cortex; cuticle
B. outer root sheath; dermal root sheath
1. Compare and contrast GI tract junctions. Which of the following is FALSE or MISMATCHED? A. esophagus-stomach junction--abrupt change of lining epithelium from stratified squamous to simple columnar B. pyloro-duodenal junction--goblet cells line both the stomach and the small intestine but only the duodenum has mucus-secreting glands in the submucosa C. ileo-cecal junction--goblet and absorptive cells line both mucosae but only the small intestine has villi D. recto-anal junction--simple columnar lining epithelium is replaced by stratified squamous epithelium
B. pyloro-duodenal junction--goblet cells line both the stomach and the small intestine but only the duodenum has mucus-secreting glands in the submucosa
18. Each of the following body regions, in the human, has a hypodermis that is rich in white adipose tissue, EXCEPT for the: A. face B. upper eyelid C. palms and soles D. inside of upper arm E. outside of upper thigh
B. upper eyelid
18. Spongiocytes of the __________________ secrete cortisol and androgens. These cells have extensive SER, many cytoplasmic lipid droplets, and mitochondria with vesicular cristae. A. zona glomerulosa B. zona fasciculata C. zona reticularis D. adrenal medulla
B. zona fasciculata
6. Which is TRUE? The wall of the esophagus: A. Is lined by both minimally keratinized stratified squamous and simple columnar epithelia B. Contains both striated and smooth muscle fibers in both the muscularis mucosae and muscularis externa C. Contains glands both in the mucosa and the submucosa D. Has two layers in the muscularis mucosae: one circular and one longitudinal E. Is covered by a serosa throughout most of its length
C. Contains glands both in the mucosa and the submucosa
20. Which component of a hair follicle is continuous with the outer epidermis? A. Dermal root sheath B. Glassy membrane C. External root sheath D. Internal root sheath E. None of the above
C. External root sheath
3. Which is TRUE concerning the juxtaglomerular apparatus? A. the macula densa is part of the proximal tubule B. the juxtaglomerular (JG) cells are modified epithelial cells C. JG cells are found in both the afferent and efferent arterioles D. macula densa cells secrete renin
C. JG cells are found in both the afferent and efferent arterioles
12. Intestinal absorptive cells (enterocytes): A. Take up chylomicrons from the gut lumen by phagocytosis B. Breakdown chylomicrons in secondary lysosomes C. Synthesize triacylglycerols in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum D. Release fatty acids into the lamina propria by exocytosis E. All the above
C. Synthesize triacylglycerols in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
3. An important histologic characteristic of the distal small intestine (ileum) is the A. absence of villi from the luminal surface B. concentration of outer smooth muscle layer into bands C. aggregation of lymphatic nodules in the mucosa and submucosa D. presence of submucosal glands that drain into the crypts of Lieberkuhn
C. aggregation of lymphatic nodules in the mucosa and submucosa
11. Kupffer cells: A. are deeply eosinophilic due to large numbers of mitochondria B. elaborate pepsinogen C. are located predominantly within hepatic sinusoids D. contain bile canaliculi E. are found within the perisinusoidal space (of Disse)
C. are located predominantly within hepatic sinusoids
16. Parafollicular cells of the thyroid: A. synthesize thyroglobulin B. are both endocrine and exocrine in function C. are stimulated by increased levels of plasma calcium D. secrete thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) E. sequester bits of colloid material during secretory activity
C. are stimulated by increased levels of plasma calcium
11. Thyrotropin (thyroid stimulating hormone or TSH) is synthesized and secreted by which cell? A. neurosecretory neuron of neurohypophysis B. acidophil of adenohypophysis C. basophil of adenohypophysis D. thyroid follicular cell E. thyroid C cell
C. basophil of adenohypophysis
13. Which is correct? At the junction: A. between the pharynx and the esophagus there is an abrupt change from maximally to minimally keratinized stratified squamous epithelium B. between the esophagus and stomach there is an abrupt change from skeletal to smooth in the muscularis externa C. between the stomach and small intestine there is an anatomical sphincter in the muscularis externa D. between the small and large intestine the outer longitudinal layer of muscularis externa is completely lost E. None of the above is correct.
C. between the stomach and small intestine there is an anatomical sphincter in the muscularis externa
12. The main reason why smooth muscle contraction makes it difficult for asthma patients to breath is that the contraction results in significant narrowing of the lumen of: A. alveolar ducts B. bronchi C. bronchioles D. the laryngeal inlet E. the mouth of each individual alveolus
C. bronchioles
12. Which of the following is MISMATCHED or INCORRECT? A. acidophil of adenohypophysis : mammotroph (lactotroph) B. basophil of adenohypophysis : corticotroph C. chromophobe of adenohypophysis : gonadotroph D. vascular sinusoid of adenohypophysis : secondary capillary bed lined by fenestrated endothelium E. prolactin inhibitory factor/hormone : dopamine
C. chromophobe of adenohypophysis : gonadotroph
8. Identification of a macula densa in a section of kidney also identifies an example of a A. proximal tubule B. loop of Henle C. distal tubule D. collecting duct E. papillary duct
C. distal tubule
2. Which of the following is MISMATCHED? A. parietal cells--secrete HCl in gastric glands B. gastric chief cells--secrete pepsinogen in gastric glands C. gastric epithelial stem cells--located at the base of gastric glands D. gastric pits--lined with mucous surface cells E. Paneth cells--secrete lysozyme in glands of the small intestine
C. gastric epithelial stem cells--located at the base of gastric glands
15. Consider the dermis. Which of the following is FALSE? A. composed of both loose and dense connective tissue B. collagen fibers predominate and they are mostly type I C. it is poorly innervated D. it has a rich superficial vascular bed E. provides nourishment for the epidermis
C. it is poorly innervated
3. Radiation therapy for oral cancer damaged a patient's salivary glands and greatly reduced the volume of his salivary output. As a result, he subsequently experienced excessive tooth decay (dental caries). Which of the following properties of saliva is normally most important in preventing the formation of caries? A. saliva moistens food, minimizing abrasion B. amylase breaks down starch into sugars C. lysozyme controls the bacterial flora in the mouth D. saliva extracts phosphorous from enamel
C. lysozyme controls the bacterial flora in the mouth
2. Keratohyalin granules: A. stain intensely with eosin B. contain glycosphingolipids, phospholipids, and ceramides that are released into the extracellular spaces between the stratum granulosum and stratum corneum C. mark the last living layer of the epidermis D. contain unmodified profilaggrin that is easily visible in the stratum corneum E. both "A" and "B"
C. mark the last living layer of the epidermis
9. A skin cell type that oxidizes tyrosine; derived from neural crest. A. keratinocyte, nonkeratinized B. keratinocyte, keratinized C. melanocyte D. Langerhans cell E. Merkel cell
C. melanocyte
6. The skin contributes to temperature homeostasis under hot environmental conditions via each of the following, EXCEPT: A. evaporative cooling due to eccrine sweat gland secretion. B. local vasodilation ensures perfusion of the subpapillary vascular plexus and papillary loops for delivery of warmed blood to the body's surface C. opening of the arteriovenous anastomoses that are located between the cutaneous vascular plexus and the subpapillary vascular plexus D. both "A" and "B" E. both "B" and "C"
C. opening of the arteriovenous anastomoses that are located between the cutaneous vascular plexus and the subpapillary vascular plexus
17. Which body region, in the human, has thick skin? A. scalp B. upper eyelid C. palms and soles D. inside of upper arm E. outside of upper thigh
C. palms and soles
2. Which of the following salivary glands produces ONLY a serous product? A. sublingual B. submandibular C. parotid D. both A and B E. both B and C
C. parotid
8. A variety of cell types are capable of transporting IgA across an epithelial barrier by the process of transcytosis, resulting in the release of secretory IgA into the gut lumen. Which of the following cell types DOES NOT carry out transcytosis? A. enerocytes (absorptive cells) of the intestine B hepatocytes C. plasma cells D. salivary gland acinar cells
C. plasma cells
20. Which portion of the GI tract has the deepest pits, has short, coiled glands that are located only in the mucosa, and lacks villi? A. cardiac stomach B. fundic stomach C. pyloric stomach D. duodenum E. jejunum
C. pyloric stomach
20. The medulla of the adrenal(suprarenal) gland: A. cells have mitochondria with tubular cristae B. secretes mineralocorticoids (aldosterone) C. receives a dual blood supply (arterial & venous blood) D. secretes glucocorticoids (cortisol) E. "A" and "C" are both correct
C. receives a dual blood supply (arterial & venous blood)
9. Each of the following is a characteristic of the pancreas, EXCEPT for: A. centroacinar cells B. islets of Langerhans C. striated ducts D. intercalated ducts E. veins that drain into the portal vein
C. striated ducts
20. Each of the following may be found in the gall bladder, EXCEPT for: A. adventitia B. lamina propria C. submucosa D. serosa E. simple columnar epithelium
C. submucosa
8. In a section of lung tissue consisting predominantly of alveoli, a tubuleabout 2 mm in diameter is observed that contains smooth muscle and cartilage in its wall. The tubule is which one of the following? A. Alveolar duct B. Alveolar sac C. Bronchiole D. Bronchus E. Trachea
D. Bronchus
11. The appendix: A. Has villi B. Has taeniae coli C. Contains compound tubuloacinar glands D. Contains M cells in its surface epithelium E. Has plicae circulares
D. Contains M cells in its surface epithelium
6. Which of the following renal vessels is found between an arcuate artery and an afferent arteriole? A. Interlobar artery B. Efferent arteriole C. Glomerular capillary D. Interlobular artery E. Arteriola recta of the vasa recta
D. Interlobular artery
8. A skin cell type that functions as an antigen-presenting cell; derived from bone marrow. A. keratinocyte, nonkeratinized B. keratinocyte, keratinized C. melanocyte D. Langerhans cell E. Merkel cell
D. Langerhans cell
6. Turbulent precipitation occurs in what area of the respiratory system? A. Alveoli B. Bronchi C. Bronchioles D. Nasal cavity E. Trachea
D. Nasal cavity
1. The parotid gland: A. Lacks striated ducts B. Is a simple tubuloacinar gland C. Contains numerous serous demilunes D. None of the above
D. None of the above
7. A small protein (approximately 30,000 daltons) passes through the glomerular basement membrane into the glomerular filtrate. Cells of which of the following tissues would remove the protein from the filtrate? A. Visceral epithelium of the renal corpuscle B. Distal convoluted tubule C. Glomerular mesangium D. Proximal convoluted tubule E. Parietal layer of the renal corpuscle
D. Proximal convoluted tubule
10. Paneth cells: A. Are highly eosinophilic because they contain many mitochondria B. Are found mainly in fundic stomach C. Are most common on villi D. Secrete lysozyme E. Are a type of enteroendocrine cell
D. Secrete lysozyme
8. In the gastric mucosa: A. The glands with the deepest pits are in the cardiac region B. Surface mucous cells secrete a highly acidic mucus C. There are permanent folds called rugae D. Some cell types have an exocrine secretory function, while others have an endocrine secretory function E. The parietal cells are among the least metabolically active cells in the body
D. Some cell types have an exocrine secretory function, while others have an endocrine secretory function
16. Consider myoepithelial cells. Which of the following is FALSE? A. located within the basal lamina of the secretory cells B. have high concentration of actin and myosin in their cytoplasm andthus are intensely eosinophilic C. found only on the secretory portions, not the ducts, of apocrine and eccrine sweat glands D. aid in release of sebum from sebaceous glands E. have many of the characteristics of smooth muscle cells
D. aid in release of sebum from sebaceous glands
4. Serous demilunes can be found in which of the following glands? A. sublingual B. submandibular C. parotid D. both A and B E. both B and C
D. both A and B
3. Which of the following is MISMATCHED? A. trachea--hyaline cartilage C-shaped incomplete rings B. trachea--respiratory epithelium C. bronchi--hyaline cartilage as irregular plates D. bronchi--simple columnar epithelium with Clara cells E. bronchioles--lacks hyaline cartilage
D. bronchi--simple columnar epithelium with Clara cells
5. Which of the following is MISMATCHED? A. visceral layer of Bowman's capsule--podocytes B. parietal layer of Bowman's capsule--simple squamous epithelium C. proximal tubule cells--many mitochondria; an ion- pumping cell D. distal tubule cells--brush border E. thin segment of Henle's loop--simple squamous epithelium
D. distal tubule cells--brush border
5. Myoepithelial cells are found in each of the following, EXCEPT: A. sublingual gland B. submandibular gland C. parotid D. exocrine pancreas E. apocrine gland, secretory portion
D. exocrine pancreas
7. Which of the following describes the secretory mechanism by which sebum is produced? A. apocrine B. cytocrine C. eccrine D. holocrine
D. holocrine
8. Many lipid-soluble hormones (such as steroid and thyroid hormones) bind to__________ receptors that then use __________________ to effect cellular changes that are ___________ in terms of response time. A. cell-surface; second messengers; rapid B. intracellular; second messengers; rapid C. cell-surface; changes in gene transcription; delayed D. intracellular; changes in gene transcription; delayed E. None of the above
D. intracellular; changes in gene transcription; delayed
14. A liver acinus (of Rappaport): A. has a central vein at its center B. has a portal canal at its center C. is based on the pattern of bile flow D. is divided into zones that have different levels of metabolic activity and different exposures to toxins E. None of the above.
D. is divided into zones that have different levels of metabolic activity and different exposures to toxins
15. The blood supply of the liver: A. comes mainly from the hepatic artery B. exits from the liver via the portal vein C. flows from the periphery to the center of a portal lobule D. is mainly derived from the venous drainage of the GI tract, pancreas and spleen E. enters and leaves the liver at the porta hepatic
D. is mainly derived from the venous drainage of the GI tract, pancreas and spleen
4. A cell that is a high-level regulated secretor of a glycosylated protein product is likely to have each of the following, EXCEPT: A. nucleolus B. RER C. Golgi apparatus D. mitochondria with vesicular cristae E. stored secretory granules
D. mitochondria with vesicular cristae
4. A histologic slide of a transverse section through the duodenum shows large cells with large euchromatic nuclei and prominent nucleoli between two layers of smooth muscle that are oriented at right angles to one another. The large cells are: A. enteroendocrine cells that secrete regulatory peptides B. Paneth cells that secrete bactericidal enzymes C. primordial cells that migrate into the epithelium to form stem cells D. neurons of the myenteric plexus that innervate the muscularis externa E. lymphocytes that have undergone blastic transformation
D. neurons of the myenteric plexus that innervate the muscularis externa
14. Which of the following cells is characterized by intracellular canaliculi lined by numerous microvilli: A. enterocyte B. surface mucous cell C. chief cell of the stomach D. parietal cell E. goblet cell
D. parietal cell
15. Which of the following cells produces intrinsic factor? A. enterocyte B. surface mucous cell C. chief cell of the stomach D. parietal cell E. goblet cell
D. parietal cell
12. The classical hepatic lobule is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT: A. corners contain branches of the portal vein, hepatic artery and bile duct B. a central vein constitutes the central axis C. polygonal (sometimes hexagonal) appearance D. portal triad constitutes the central axis E. blood flows from the periphery of the lobule to a central vein via sinusoids
D. portal triad constitutes the central axis
2. Which of the following is MISMATCHED? A. pneumocyte (alveolar cell) type I--cytoplasm through which gaseous exchange occurs B. pneumocyte type II--secretes pulmonary surfactant C. pneumocyte type II--stem cell for more pneumocyte types I & II D. pulmonary surfactant--increases surface tension within alveoli E. alveolar macrophage--removes inhaled particulates that reach the alveolus
D. pulmonary surfactant--increases surface tension within alveoli
9. Each of the following is TRUE concerning the adenohypophysis, EXCEPT: A. secretory activity is controlled by the hypothalamus B. developed from ectoderm of stomodeum (Rathke's pouch) C. source of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) D. secretes hormones synthesized in the hypothalamus
D. secretes hormones synthesized in the hypothalamus
5. A cell that is a high-level constitutive secretor of a steroid hormone is likely to have each of the following, EXCEPT: A. nucleolus B. cytoplasmic lipid droplets C. mitochondria with vesicular cristae D. stored secretory granules E. SER
D. stored secretory granules
14. Which of the following layers is only present in thick and hairless epidermis? A. stratum basale B. stratum spinosum C. stratum granulosum D. stratum lucidum E. stratum corneum
D. stratum lucidum
13. The major difference between darker skin and lighter skin is: A. the relative concentration of melanocytes per unit area of skin surface. B. the relative activity of cutaneous melanocytes in creation of melaosomes C. the relative action of cutaneous melanocytes in transferring melanosomes to keratinocytes D. the fate of the melanosomes once they are within the keratinocyte E. None of the above.
D. the fate of the melanosomes once they are within the keratinocyte
6. Intercalated ducts may be found in which of the following? A. sublingual gland B. submandibular gland C. parotid D. exocrine pancreas E. All of the above.
E. All of the above.
7. Consider Peyer's patches. Which is TRUE? A. They are found in the ileum B. Each patch includes many lymphoid nodules C. The epithelium covering each nodule within a patch lacks villi D. The dome epithelium contains M cells, but few if any goblet cells E. All the above
E. All the above
9. Stem cells of the intestinal epithelium give rise to: A. Brunner's glands B. Enteroendocrine cells (DNES cells) C. Paneth cells D. Intestinal absorptive cells (enterocytes) E. All the above
E. All the above
4. Which of the following airways has the greatest relative amount of smooth muscle? A. Nasal cavity B. Larynx C. Trachea D. Bronchi E. Bronchioles
E. Bronchioles
11. The true vocal folds of the larynx: A. Are normally covered by a maximally keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. B. Contain a smooth muscle known as the trachealis. C. Contain a smooth muscle known as the vocalis. D. Contain many seromucous glands. E. Contain the vocal ligament, that is rich in elastic fibers.
E. Contain the vocal ligament, that is rich in elastic fibers.
4. Which of the following is the central structure of a renal lobule? A. Cortical column B. Interlobular artery C. Renal hilum D. Arcuate artery E. Medullary ray
E. Medullary ray
1. The renal pelvis: A. is lined by transitional epithelium B. is surrounded by the fat of the renal sinus C. has smooth muscle in its wall D. has an adventitia E. all of the above
E. all of the above
2. Cells of the proximal convoluted tubules: A. have a prominent brush border B. are eosinophilic due to large numbers of mitochondria C. exhibit extensive infoldings of the basal plasma membrane D. have indistinct lateral intercellular borders via light microscopy E. all the above
E. all the above
1. Olfactory mucosa typically comprises: A. a simple columnar epithelium having olfactory and sustentacular cells B. a pseudostratified columnar epithelium having olfactory, sustentacular and basal cells C. a lamina propria containing Bowman's glands and olfactory nerves formed of unmyelinated axons D. both "A" and "C" E. both "B" and "C"
E. both "B" and "C"
19. Regulation of secretion from the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex is mostly via: A. the release of ACTH from the anterior pituitary B. the renin-angiotensin system C. aldosterone D. plasma K+ levels E. both "B" and "D" above
E. both "B" and "D" above
1. A normal keratinocyte of the stratum basale will NOT have (contain): A. a metaphase plate B. tonofilaments inserting into hemidesmosomes C. a cornified envelope D. an extensive RER and prominent Golgi for release of secreted glycoproteins. E. both "C" and "D"
E. both "C" and "D"
3. Which of the following LACK desmosomal contacts with surrounding cells? A. keratinocytes of the stratum basale B. Merkel cells C. Langerhans cells D. melanocytes E. both "C" and "D"
E. both "C" and "D"
10. Consider the endocrine pancreas. A. beta cells secrete insulin B. alpha cells secrete glucagon C. alpha cells secrete insulin D. beta cells secrete glucagons E. both A and B are correct
E. both A and B are correct
17. Follicular cells of the thyroid: A. secrete thyroglobulin into the colloid of the follicle after its iodination within the cytoplasm of the follicular cell B. become columnar in shape with decreased activity of the thyroid (colloid being stored) C. are directly stimulated by releasing hormones of hypothalamus D. secrete thyrocalcitonin E. function as an endocrine gland by the lysosomal digestion of iodinated thyroglobulin and release of T3 and T4 into the surrounding connective tissue
E. function as an endocrine gland by the lysosomal digestion of iodinated thyroglobulin and release of T3 and T4 into the surrounding connective tissue
12. Which glands in the integument secrete in a merocrine fashion? A. apocrine sweat glands B. eccrine sweat glands C. sebaceious glands D. All of the above E. only "A" and "B"
E. only "A" and "B"
1. Mast cells release histamine that acts locally on endothelial cells to make them leaky. This type of secretion is called: A. apocrine B. cytocrine C. eccrine D. holocrine E. paracrine
E. paracrine
6. A cell that is a high-level constitutive secretor of a glycosylated protein product is likely to have each of the following, EXCEPT: A. nucleolus B. RER C. Golgi apparatus D. mitochondria with shelf-like cristae E. stored secretory granules
E. stored secretory granules
18. Each of the following is a function of normal hepatocytes, EXCEPT: A. conversion of cholesterole to bile salts B. conjugation of biliruben (from breakdown of the heme from hemoglobin) to make it water-soluble C. secretion of bile salts into bile canaliculi D. uptake of bile salts from the space of Disse as part of the enterohepatic circulation E. uptake of bilirubin from the bile canaliculi
E. uptake of bilirubin from the bile canaliculi
