histology past quizzes

Which of the following consists of a wall of series of alveoli interrupted by thin bands of smooth muscle lined by squamous cells?

Alveolar Ducts -This is a Respiring Airway. The wall of an alveolar duct consists of a series of alveoli interrupted by thin bands of smooth muscle lined by squamous cells. The Respiratory Bronchioles have alveoli alternating with ciliated cuboidal epithelium, and the alveolar sacs are groups of alveoli opening to a common atrium

Which of the following contains very tall cells that contain smooth and straight cell membranes forming their lateral surfaces creating a visible line between the cells?

Collecting Duct

Which of the following is a major contributor to the compliance of the lung?

Elastic Fibers

The acini of the pancreas are composed of both serous and mucous cells.

False

The centroacinar cell of the pancreas is a part of the structure of an islet of Langerhans.

False

Choose all locations where taste buds are found.

- fungiform papilla - circumvallate papilla

Which of the following is the correct range of thickness of the air-blood barrier in the alveoli of the lung?

-0.1 - 1.5 micrometers -The air-blood barrier is very thin. The thin part of a red blood cell is 0.8 micrometers thick and that is pretty much in the middle of range of air-blood barrier thickness

Which of the following functions only to conduct air?

-bronchiole

The main function of the von Kupffer cell of the liver is to synthesize and secrete fibrinogen.

-false -Hepatocytes secrete fibrinogen. Kupffer cells phagocytize foreign substances in the blood of liver sinusoids.

Which denotes the usefulness of viewing liver microscopic architecture as liver acini?

-oxygen delivery to hepatocytes -The liver acinus is a way of looking at the liver structure that explains how some hepatocytes receive highly oxygenated blood while others receive blood with low levels of oxygen.

Which of these cells covers the largest area of a surface such as an alveolar septal air surface?

-type I pneumocyte -Type I pneumocytes occupy the largest area and they form part of the air-blood diffusion membrane (barrier).

Which of the following is NOT a cell located in the respiratory epithelium?

-type I pneumocyte (only found as a part of an alveolar septum.) -ciliated cells, goblet cell, brush cell and neuroendocrine cell are all found in resp epi

Order the structures that an oxygen molecule would pass through taken in through the nose and ending up in an erythrocyte in a capillary in an alveolar septum.

1. nasal vestibule 2. nasal cavity 3. larynx 4. trachea 5. bronchus 6. bronchiole 7. respiratory bronchiole 8. alveolar duct 9. alveolus 10. type I pneumocyte 11. basal lamina 12. endothelial cell 13. plasma

Order the structures that a waste product found in the urine such as urea would have to pass through going from the urinary space in Bowman's capsule to the urinary bladder.

1. proximal convoluted tubule 2. loop of Henle 3. distal convoluted tubule 4. collecting tubule 5. collecting duct collecting duct 6. renal pelvis 7. ureter

The structure with an arrow pointing to its connective tissue core is a filiform papilla located in the tongue mucosa.

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Which liver cell functions as a phagocyte?

Kupffer cell

Which is a cell that processes and presents antigen?

M cell

Which of the following cells functions in respiratory Epithelium to secrete a variety of peptides via small electron dense granules?

Neuroendocrine Cells

Which of the following describes folds of the mucosa with submucosa at the core and function to increase surface area?

Plica Circularis

Which of the following is lined with simple cuboidal epithelium, contains a Brush Border of Microvilli, and Is very eosinophilic in nature.

Proximal convoluted Tubule

Which type of Epithelium lines the region of the Larynx where the vocal cords are found?

Stratified Squamous Non-keratinizing

The wall of which listed is composed completely of alveoli?

alveolar duct

Which is at the center of a classic liver lobule?

central vein -The central vein is at the center of a classic liver lobule with the portal areas at the points of an ideal hexagon shaped lobule.

Which of the listed cells is unique to the pancreas?

centroacinar cells

An alveolar septum includes all of the following EXCEPT:

clara cells

Which intestine segment has the highest density of goblet cells?

colon -Goblet cells begin in the duodenum. They are not so numerous. The farther one progresses down the intestines the more dense they become in the epithelium. In the colon all of the cells lining the intestinal glands there are goblet cells. Only the cells that border the surface of the colon are absorptive cells.

Goblet cells are unicellular glands. Select all the organs that include goblet cells in their histological structure.

duodenum B. jejunum C. ileum D. colon F. stomach G. kidney collecting duct H. trachea I. bronchus

Which intestine cell types function to absorb glucose, amino acids and lipids?

enterocyte -The enterocyte is also called the intestinal absorptive cell. It is the cell through which all digested nutrients pass. Each enterocyte is connected by tight junctions that make certain the amino acids, various sugars and lipids pass through the cells.

Glucose is taken in from the lumen of the small intestine and transported into capillaries in the lamina propria by which of the listed cells?

enterocytes

Which of the following contains a muscularis externa where the upper 1/3 portion is striated skeletal muscle, the middle third 1/3 portion is a mix of striated skeletal muscle and smooth muscle, and the lower 1/3 portion is all smooth muscle?

esophagus -Only the esophagus contains a muscularis externa, with an inner circular layer and an outer longitudinal oblique layer that is divided into and upper, middle, and lower portions with this type of composition

Which of the following cells face the lumen of the bladder, are frequently binucleated, and can change their shape when the bladder fills?

facet cells -Facet cells are large cells that compose the superficial layer of the transitional epithelium and face the lumen of the bladder. They are frequently binucleated and can be stretched or flat to accommodate the bladder.

In its journey from the lumen of a glomerulus capillary, the first structure / barrier that a molecule of glucose would have to pass through before it enters the urinary space in Bowman's capsule is the slit pore diaphragm.

false

Structures called intracellular canaliculi play an important role in the production of pepsinogen by fundic glands of the stomach.

false

The Paneth cell in the small intestine functions as an antigen presenting cell.

false

The centroacinar cell of the pancreas is a part of the structure of an islet of Langerhans.

false

A microvillus is 10 micrometers long and 2 micrometers wide.

false -A microvillus is on the order of 0.5 micrometer wide and up to 2 microns long. Villi are 0.5 mm wide x 0.5 - 1.5 mm long.

The endothelial cellular component of the glomerular filtration membrane has slit pores that are covered with a thin diaphragm.

false -The endothelial cells in the glomerular filtration membrane have open little windows call fenestra. They have no diaphragms. Diaphragms cover the slit pores formed by the feet of the podocytes.

The muscle of the tongue is the smooth muscle type.

false Except for arteries and arterioles in the tongue the so-called intrinsic muscles of the tongue are all composed of striated skeletal muscle. The intrinsic muscles are oriented longitudinally, vertically and horizontally giving the tongue the ability to move in almost any direction to facilitate eating and speech.

The structures that are located in the portal area of the liver are bile duct, hepatic artery, and central vein.

false The central vein is located at the center of the classic liver lobule, not in the portal areas.

This is a specimen taken from the parotid gland as evidenced by the presence of the typical striated duct seen in the lower left. Also, the mixture of mucous and serous cells in acini is typical of the parotid gland

false-

Which histological feature is a part of the structure of the small intestine but not of the gallbladder?

goblet cells

If you were asked to create a terminal bronchiole which of the listed structures or cells would you not include?

hyaline cartilage

Which function is associated with intracellular canaliculi?

hydrochloric acid production -Intracellular canaliculi are structures in the parietal cell that increase membrane surface area to accommodate the large number of protein molecules that make up the pumps that actively transport hydrogen and chloride ions into the lumen of a fundic gland.

Which is the location of a Peyer's patch?

ileum -Peyer's patches are aggregates of lymphatic nodules that are in the mucosa and extend often into the submucosa. They are located in the ileum in the wall opposite where the mesentery attaches. The M-cells that cover these patches pick up antigen and present it to lymphocytes in the Peyer's patches.

Which is the location of stem cells in the intestine?

intestine gland wall -Stem cells are located in the wall of the intestinal glands of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon. In the stomach, stem cells are located in the neck region of the gastric glands.

Which component of the intestinal wall is the core of a villus?

lamina propria -A villus is a fold of the epithelium lining the small intestine. The core of the villus is the lamina propria and villus base is the muscularis mucosa.

A mucosa is found in all of the locations EXCEPT:

large artery FOUND IN: -gastrointestinal tract -respiratory tract -urinary tract -male reproductive tract

Which microscopic architecture organization of the liver can explain cell death of hepatocytes near the central vein in hypoxia (low oxygen delivery) while cells near the portal area survive?

liver acinus

Which way of looking at the architecture of the liver helps to understand the location of hepatocytes that receive the least concentration of oxygen delivered by the blood supply of the liver?

liver acinus

Which is the location of intestinal glands (crypts of Lieberkuhn)?

mucosa -They are a part of the mucosa. They are mucosal glands. They consist of inward projections (or you might say, outpocketings of the lining cells of the lumen) that form simple tubular glands. The openings of the intestinal glands lie between the villi.

Centroacinar cells are a part of the histological structure of which of the listed organs?

pancreas

Which of the following glands has exclusively serous cells in their acini?

parotid gland

Which nephron segment removes protein that would have passed through the glomerular filtration membrane?

proximal convoluted tubule -Normally some protein, usually albumin, passes through the glomerular filtration membrane. The protein that escapes is efficiently reabsorbed by the cells of the proximal convoluted tubule. The protein is broken down into amino acids and reused by the body.

A serosa includes all of the following EXCEPT:

simple columnar epithelium INCLUDES: -simple squamous epithelium -mesothelium -basal lamina -loose connective tissue -A serosa is composed of two layers; a superficial epithelium covering a layer of connective tissue. The epithelial layer, known as mesothelium, consists of a single layer of avascular flat nucleated cells (simple squamous epithelium) which produce the lubricating serous fluid. This fluid has a consistency similar to thin mucus. These cells are bound tightly to the underlying connective tissue. The connective tissue layer provides the blood vessels and nerves for the overlying secretory cells, and also serves as the binding layer which allows the whole serous membrane to adhere to organs and other structures.

Which is the location of fat storing cells of Ito in the liver?

space of Disse -Fat storing cells of Ito located in the space of Disse store vitamins and also secret the reticular fibers that forms the stroma that supports the delicate hepatocytes in the liver plates.

Which of these salivary structures contributes to the final pH and tonicity (salt concentration) of saliva?

striated duct

Which is the function of cytoplasmic vesicles in a facet cell of the urinary bladder?

strores plasma membrane -These vesicles are storage forms of plasma membrane to provide more surface area for transitional epithelium facet cells when the bladder is distending with urine.

Which nephron segment has simple squamous epithelium bordering its lumen?

thin segment of Henle's loop

Which of the listed tissues lines a calyx in the pelvis of a kidney?

transitional epithelium

Bicarbonate ions from the production of HCL by parietal cells in the fundic glands of the stomach are discharged into the lamina propria and capillaries of these glands.

true

Clara cells are part of the epithelial lining of terminal bronchioles.

true

Nexin is a protein in cilium that limits how much sliding can occur between two adjacent microtubule pairs.

true

Stem cells that provide for the replacement of the cells in the fundic glands of the stomach are located in the neck region of these glands.

true

The acini of the pancreas are composed only of serous cells.

true

The liver acinus helps in understanding that hepatocytes located at the outer margins of a liver lobule receive the highest concentration of oxygen.

true

The network of reticular fibers that forms a significant part of the stroma of the liver is located in the space of Disse.

true

The periodontal ligament is composed of dense regular connective tissue.

true

The urinary filtrate formed in the glomerulus flows from the proximal convoluted tubule into the loop of Henle.

true

A proximal tubule connects to a Bowman's capsule at the urinary pole.

true -Recall that the afferent and efferent arteriole are located at the opposite pole of Bowman's capsule, the vascular pole.

Alveolar macrophages clear foreign substances from the respiring airways.

true Alveolar macrophages phagocytize foreign substances from alveoli in the sacs, the ducts and in respiratory bronchioles - the respiring airways. The mucociliary escalator clears foreign substances from the conducting airways.

An afferent arteriole is a branch of an interlobular artery.

true recall that the efferent arteriole connects to the capillaries of the glomerulus and its role is to drain the capillaries. Recall also that granules are present in the smooth muscle cells of the afferent arteriole. These granules contain rennin that functions as a part of the juxtaglomerular apparatus.

Which of the listed cells is the thinnest?

type I pneumocyte

The secretory product of which of the listed cells reduces the surface tension in alveoli?

type II pneumocyte