History 110 Final Study Guide (Chapters 14-27)

In his 1868 presidential campaign, Grant... A) endorsed African American suffrage in the South but not in the North. B) supported the principles of the Radical Republicans. C) urged Congress to pass anti-lynching legislation. D) denounced the Ku Klux Klan as a terrorist organization.

A) endorsed African American suffrage in the South but not in the North.

Which of the following contributed to the Red Scare that followed the First World War? A) A wave of postwar strikes B) Protests on college campuses C) The discovery of Communist agents within the government D) The dramatic growth of the Communist Labor Party

A) A wave of postwar strikes

William H. Seward was successful in effort to acquire... A) Alaska. B) Guam. C) Puerto Rico. D) the Virgin Islands.

A) Alaska.

The rate at which Americans consumed oranges in 1921 as compared to their 1899 consumption rate indicates that in the early 20th century... A) America was becoming a more affluent society. B) the average age of Americans was declining. C) European food imports increased dramatically. D) the American diet was becoming less nutritious.

A) America was becoming a more affluent society.

Which of the following is true of the economic relationship between the United States and Mexico by 1910? A) American capitalists owned Mexico's railroads and mines. B) Porfirio Diaz had begun to nationalize American investments in Mexico. C) American investors had begun to divest themselves of their business interests because of violent, anti-American demonstrations. D) Mexico had ceased to be an economic satellite of the United States.

A) American capitalists owned Mexico's railroads and mines.

Which of the following was revealed in the Pentagon Papers? A) American leaders had consistently lied to the American people about the Vietnam War. B) American corporations had played a dominant role withing the government in shaping Vietnam War policies. C) The initiative for escalating American involvement in Vietnam had come from Congress rather than from President Johnson. D) Toward the end of his term, President Johnson was often unable to function correctly.

A) American leaders had consistently lied to the American people about the Vietnam War.

Which of the following is true of progressive reform in the 1920's? A) Both social and political reforms were enacted at the state and local levels. B) The government-owned hydroelectric power project at Muscle Shoals, Alabama, was sold to private interests. C) The major federal regulatory agencies were dismantled. D) The federal government stepped up its antitrust activity.

A) Both social and political reforms were enacted at the state and local levels.

As a consequence of the sinking of the Maine, A) Congress authorized President McKinley's request for $50 million in defense funds. B) Spain agreed to allow the United States to arbitrate the dispute between Cuban insurgents and the Spanish government. C) Cuban terrorists bombed the Spanish embassy in Washington, D.C. D) Enrique Dupuy de Lôme publicly belittled President McKinley.

A) Congress authorized President McKinley's request for $50 million in defense funds.

Which of the following was accomplished during the Eisenhower years? A) Congress authorized construction of the interstate highway system. B) Federal funding was provided for civilian aviation research. C) The Amtrak system was created to centralize control over the nation's railroads. D) Congress provided the first federal grants for construction of urban mass transit facilities.

A) Congress authorized construction of the interstate highway system.

Which of the following was an important social trend during the 1950's? A) Early marriages B) A high divorce rate C) Low interest in religious activities D) Small families

A) Early marriages

Which of the following is true of President Johnson's response to the August 1964 report that U.S. destroyers had been attacked twice by North Vietnamese patrol boats in the Gulf of Tonkin? A) Even though evidence of the second attack was questionable, President Johnson ordered retaliatory air strikes against North Vietnam. B) Johnson suggested the use of tactical nuclear weapons against strategic targets in North Vietnam. C) Johnson expressed grave fears that the incident would bring the United States and the Soviet Union into armed conflict. D) The incident convinced Johnson that North Vietnam was being supplied with sophisticated military equipment by the Soviet.

A) Even though evidence of the second attack was questionable, President Johnson ordered retaliatory air strikes against North Vietnam.

African American soldiers, at the time of the Spanish-American-Cuban-Filipino War, A) faced racism within the military just as they did within society. B) served only in the Corps of Engineers. C) were not allowed to engage in combat. D) were not allowed to become commissioned officers.

A) faced racism within the military just as they did within society.

Which of the following of W. E. B. Du Bois? A) He believed that to secure their civil rights, African Americans had to actively oppose racism. B) He agreed with the ideas expressed by Booker T. Washington in Washington's speech to the Atlanta Exposition. C) He advanced the idea that African Americans should arm themselves so that they could adequately defend themselves in a racist society. D) He believed that the problems experienced by African Americans could best be solved by the founding of vocational schools throughout the nation.

A) He believed that to secure their civil rights, African Americans had to actively oppose racism.

Which of the following is true of the Ku Klux Klan of the early 1920's? A) It was anti-immigrant, anti-Catholic, anti-Jewish, and anti-black. B) It was confined to the Deep South. C) It repudiated the vigilante tactics of its forerunner. D) It appealed to fewer people than its forerunner.

A) It was anti-immigrant, anti-Catholic, anti-Jewish, and anti-black.

Which of the following is considered America's most distinctive art form? A) Jazz B) Motion pictures C) Musical comedy D) Ragtime

A) Jazz

Which of the following is true of the diet of American workers in the late 19th and early 20th centuries? A) Lack of variety caused severe malnutrition among most workers. B) Meat was readily available to most working-class families. C) Food cost the average worker about one-half of his or her income. D) Few workers could afford fresh fruits or dairy products.

A) Lack of variety caused severe malnutrition among most workers.

Which of the following is a reason for Eisenhower's victory in the 1952 presidential election? A) Many voters hope he would end the Korean War. B) African Americans were led to believe he would actively work for enactment of civil rights' legislation. C) He publicly denounced Joseph McCarthy. D) He promised to end American support of the French in Indochina.

A) Many voters hope he would end the Korean War.

The inflation of the early 1970's was caused in part by... A) President Johnson's decision to wage an expensive war in Vietnam while also increasing spending on Great Society programs. B) President Nixon's decision to devalue the dollar by allowing it to "float" in international money markets. C) the large increases in federal spending that President Nixon requested and received at the start of his term. D) the growing concentration of economic power and wealth in a small number of dominant corporations.

A) President Johnson's decision to wage an expensive war in Vietnam while also increasing spending on Great Society programs.

White settlers in the frontier communities of the West made which of the following a distinguishing social characteristic? A) Race B) Education C) Marital status D) Religion

A) Race

In the late 1960's, views of radical feminists differed from those of NOW in which of the following ways? A) Radical feminists practiced personal politics through such venues as "consciousness-raising" groups; NOW was a traditional lobbying group. B) Radical feminists were concerned with political issues; NOW concentrated on social and economic issues. C) Radical feminists were associated with fundamentalist Christian groups; NOW members were not affiliated with any specific religious groups. D) Radical feminists opposed the gay rights movement; NOW supported the movement.

A) Radical feminists practiced personal politics through such venues as "consciousness-raising" groups; NOW was a traditional lobbying group.

Which of the following is true of Rosie the Riveter? A) She did not accurately portray women in the labor force during the Second World War. B) Her image convinced most women going into the labor force for the first time to take skilled jobs in defense plants. C) She was an indication of a permanent change in Americans' beliefs about what jobs were "suitable" for women. D) Most working women during the Second World War were offended by the unfeminine image depicted by Rosie the Riveter.

A) She did not accurately portray women in the labor force during the Second World War

The 1968 Democratic National Convention in Chicago was marred by which of the following? A) The Chicago police attacked antiwar protesters outside the convention hall. B) White Mississippi Democrats staged a walkout over the seating of delegates belonging to the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party. C) The inability of the delegates to choose a presidential nominee after several ballots caused turmoil and confusion. D) President Johnson's appearance sparked a tumultuous riot on the convention floor.

A) The Chicago police attacked antiwar protesters outside the convention hall.

Which of the following enabled city dwellers of the late 19th and early 20th centuries to live in greater comfort and safety? A) The adoption of public health regulations B) The increase use of coal-burning stoves C) Pollution control legislation D) Government financing of low-income housing

A) The adoption of public health regulations

Which of the following is true of the presidential election of 1964? A) The election marked the start of domination of the South by the Republican Party rather than the Democratic Party. B) The election temporarily turned relations between the United States and the Soviet Union into a minor issue in American politics. C) The election gave Johnson a landslide victory, but it also gave him the most conservative Congress in history. D) The election featured the most peaceful party conventions in twenty-five years.

A) The election marked the start of domination of the South by the Republican Party rather than the Democratic Party.

Which important event occurred in 1866 largely because of the efforts of Cyrus Field? A) The first permanent, underwater transatlantic telegraph cable was successfully laid, linking Europe and America. B) Russia sold Alaska to the United States. C) A United States naval squadron seized and laid claim to the Midway Islands. D) The first transcontinental railroad was completed, linking the east west coasts of the United States.

A) The first permanent, underwater transatlantic telegraph cable was successfully laid, linking Europe and America.

The Vietnam policy devised by President Nixon and Henry Kissinger included... A) increased bombing of North Vietnam coupled with the withdrawal of some American troops. B) an increase in both troop strength and bombing missions. C) a reduction of American troops in Vietnam and an end to the bombing of North Vietnam. D) a reduction in bombing missions coupled with an increase in ground forces.

A) increased bombing of North Vietnam coupled with the withdrawal of some American troops.

The new consumerism between 1922 and 1929 was fueled mostly by... A) installment plans B) declining prices C) the advent of department stores D) modern advertising

A) installment plans

In large measures, advocates of the acquisition of an American empire in the late 19th and early 20th centuries accepted which of the following ideas? A) The less fortunate people of other nations cannot solve their own problems and, in order to enjoy the blessings of liberty and prosperity, should adopt the American model of development. B) By remaking the societies of weaker nations, the United States is extending the benefits of liberty and prosperity to less fortunate people. C) American involvement in other lands will be confined to the sharing of American technology and will be initiated only at the request of foreign peoples. D) In acquiring colonies abroad, the United States must allow the peoples to shape their own economic and political destiny.

A) The less fortunate people of other nations cannot solve their own problems and, in order to enjoy the blessings of liberty and prosperity, should adopt the American model of development.

Which of the following factories contributed to the Great Depression? A) The maldistribution of income. B) A high rate of inflation. C) The elimination of protective tariffs. D) A large and growing federal deficit.

A) The maldistribution of income.

Which of the following statements concerning the wartime economy is true? A) The national debt skyrocketed during the war years. B) Roosevelt secured passage of a steeply graduated corporate and private income tax to finance the war. C) Net corporate profits fell dramatically during the war years. D) From 1939 to 1945, employees' wages and salaries declined.

A) The national debt skyrocketed during the war years.

Which of the following formed the vanguard of the progressive reform? A) The new middle class B) American industrialists C) The working class D) Ethnic minorities

A) The new middle class

Which of the following statements is accurate concerning the American economy between 1919 and 1929? A) The purchasing power of most American workers increased. B) The gross national product fell slightly. C) The new consumer goods that appeared in the marketplace were available only to the rich. D) Most Americans were reluctant to spend their disposable income on new consumer goods because they feared a recession.

A) The purchasing power of most American workers increased.

Which of the following problems experienced in the United States during the 1980's is closely associated with the use of illegal drugs? A) The quadrupling of the prison population B) The "sanctuary movement" C) The culture wars D) Homelessness among the mentally ill.

A) The quadrupling of the prison population

Which of the following is true of the nation building program and of counterinsurgency? A) These programs were based on the American assumption that the United States model of capitalism and democracy could be successfully transferred to other parts of the world. B) Each complimented the other and made it possible to place American aid in the hands of the people of the Third World who most needed that aid. C) The two ideas revived faith throughout the Third World that America was the exemplar of freedom and democracy. D) These programs drained money from all branches of the armed services, which were already underfunded.

A) These programs were based on the American assumption that the United States model of capitalism and democracy could be successfully transferred to other parts of the world.

Which of the following caused anger and resentment among white working-class men during the recession of the 1970's? A) White resentment at "reverse discrimination" resulting from affirmative action programs. B) Federal funding of job-training programs for African Americans but not for whites. C) Attempts withing major industries to equalize the wages of males and females by giving female employees substantially higher raises than male employees. D) Anger over the decline in African American unemployment and the corresponding increase in white unemployment.

A) White resentment at "reverse discrimination" resulting from affirmative action programs.

In attempting to change the sexual division of labor within western Indian tribes, reformers sometimes caused... A) a reduction in the economic independence of Indian women. B) a feeling of emasculation among Indian males. C) warfare between tribal factions. D) a breakdown of the political systems of western tribes.

A) a reduction in the economic independence of Indian women.

After the Civil War, most African American farmers eventually worked... A) as sharecroppers. B) as domestic servants under a system of assigned tasks. C) as field hands under a contract for wages. D) on land they rented.

A) as sharecroppers.

Margaret Sanger's work aroused opposition among men and women who... A) believed that birth control threatened the family and morality. B) were frightened by her radical feminist message. C) were angry because she places all responsibility for contraception on women. D) were offended by her call for legalized abortion.

A) believed that birth control threatened the family and morality.

President Wilson responded to the sinking of the Lusitania by... A) calling on the German government to cease submarine warfare. B) breaking diplomatic relations with Germany. C) stopping Americans from traveling on belligerent ships. D) demanding that passenger vessels be prohibited from carrying war goods.

A) calling on the German government to cease submarine warfare.

The Soviet Union and the United States both coveted good relations with Third World nations because such nations... A) could provide sites for military and intelligence bases. B) had stable political systems. C) were technologically advanced. D) had productive industrial systems.

A) could provide sites for military and intelligence bases.

The basic economic motivation behind schemes such as the coinage of silver was to... A) ease the burden of debtors. B) increase foreign trade. C) encourage reduced production of agricultural production. D) encourage increased production of agricultural production.

A) ease the burden of debtors.

In response to the Panic of 1873, many debtors and unemployed workers advocated... A) easy money policies, which they hoped would spur economic expansion. B) federal monetary grants to freedmen so they could open their own businesses and banks. C) a federal loan program to finance industrial development in the South. D) federal loans to the freedmen so they could buy their own land.

A) easy money policies, which they hoped would spur economic expansion.

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., urged his followers to adhere to the philosophy of... A) accommodation. B) socialism. C) nonviolence. D) Black Power.

C) nonviolence.

As a result of "Silent Spring", A) most farmers stopped using pesticides until they were proven to be environmentally safe. B) the widespread use of DDT in the United States ended. C) the government established a process by which it began to test the safety of America's farm produce. D) environmentalists organized a boycott that was successful in forcing farmers to stop using harmful pesticides.

A) most farmers stopped using pesticides until they were proven to be environmentally safe.

The ideas associated with prior appropriation fostered the idea that... A) natural resources exist to serve human heeds and advance profits. B) water, unlike other natural resources, may not be held and used as private property. C) only people who live along the banks of streams and rivers may appropriate from the water's flow. D) the natural beauty of the rivers and streams must be protected from corporate greed.

A) natural resources exist to serve human heeds and advance profits.

During the Reagan administration, those appointed to head federal regulatory agencies... A) often opposed the federal regulations they were supposed to enforce. B) demanded rigorous enforcement of health and safety standards in the workplace. C) dismantled those agencies, thus leaving American industry to regulate itself. D) often changed their anti-regulatory views after learning of corporate abuses.

A) often opposed the federal regulations they were supposed to enforce.

President George H.W. Bush committed American troops to the 1991 Persian Gulf War A) only after getting the approval of both America's allies and Congress. B) over the objections of America's allies, who would agree only to economic sanctions against Iraq. C) despite the opposition of the great majority of the American public, who wanted no part in another Vietnam. D) without consulting either America's allies or Congress.

A) only after getting the approval of both America's allies and Congress.

In an attempt to free the American hostages in Iran, President Carter... A) ordered a daring rescue mission that failed. B) apologized for past CIA involvement in Iran. C) returned the shah to Iran. D) publicly condemned the state of Israel.

A) ordered a daring rescue mission that failed.

The Civil Rights Act of 1964... A) outlawed discrimination in employment on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, of national origin. B) made illegal the use of literacy tests to determine a person's eligibility to vote. C) guaranteed equal education opportunities to all races. D) guaranteed equal pay for equal work.

A) outlawed discrimination in employment on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, of national origin.

The most decisive factor in winning the vote for women was the... A) participation of women as laborers and volunteers on the home front during the First World War. B) active picketing and marching of the National Woman's Party. C) propaganda campaigns of the National American Women Suffrage Association. D) commitment of the Democratic party leadership in the 1916 election to women's suffrage.

A) participation of women as laborers and volunteers on the home front during the First World War.

In Brown v. the Board of Education of Topeka, the Supreme Court accepted the argument that... A) public schools could not be equal and separate at the same time. B) society's need for an educated citizenry outweighed any freedom-of-association rights of minors. C) segregation of any public facility threatened American relations with other nations. D) as taxpayers, African Americans were part owners of all facilities paid for by taxes and therefore had the right of equal access to those facilities.

A) public schools could not be equal and separate at the same time.

Life for Indians of the Northwest centered on... A) salmon B) trade with whites C) sheep D) corn

A) salmon

The Fifteenth Amendment... A) stipulated that states could not deny the right to vote on the basis of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. B) guaranteed African Americans equal protection under the law. C) extended the right to vote to women and blacks. D) was immediately ratified by all northern states.

A) stipulated that states could not deny the right to vote on the basis of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

President Wilson sent thousands of troops to Russia in 1918 to... A) subvert the new Russian Bolshevik government. B) act as a peacekeeping force in the Russian civil war. C) aid the new Russian government against Japanese aggression. D) counter Russian aggression against Hungary and Czechoslovakia.

A) subvert the new Russian Bolshevik government.

In the early years of the First World War, it was difficult for America to remain neutral because... A) the United States had strong economic ties to the Allies. B) most Americans felt the United States should enter the war at once. C) many Wilson administration officials held pro-German sympathies. D) Secretary of State William Jennings Bryan was decidedly pro-British.

A) the United States had strong economic ties to the Allies.

Everyday life for Indians on the Great Plains centered on... A) the buffalo B) deer C) sheep D) horses

A) the buffalo

The prestige and authority of President Reagan declined after 1986 largely as a result of... A) the disclosure of the administration's illegal diversion of money from a secret arms sale to Iran to fund the contras in Nicaragua. B) Supreme Court decisions that halted his efforts to impound funds approved by Congress for the expansion of social programs. C) mounting ridicule of the Strategic Defense Initiative that undermined public faith in the president's ability make rational decisions. D) Mikhail Gorbachev's clear superiority as a negotiator.

A) the disclosure of the administration's illegal diversion of money from a secret arms sale to Iran to fund the contras in Nicaragua.

In the "long telegram", George F. Kennan asserted that... A) the fanaticism expressed by the Soviets made even a temporary understanding with the Soviet Union impossible. B) the United States should extend humanitarian aid to the Soviet Union. C) the Soviets did not want confrontation with the United States. D) the United States should use military force to liberate Eastern Europe from the Soviet Union.

A) the fanaticism expressed by the Soviets made even a temporary understanding with the Soviet Union impossible.

The 1970 campus protest at Kent State University that ended with the deaths of four students occurred in response to... A) the incursion of American troops into Cambodia. B) a scheduled visit to the campus by Vice President Spiro Agnew. C) President Nixon's denunciation of college students as "bums" D) the decision by the Nixon administration to end student draft deferments.

A) the incursion of American troops into Cambodia.

As a result of the War on Poverty, A) the number of elderly Americans living in poverty declined dramatically. B) rural poverty was practically eliminated. C) health-care costs began a slow but steady decline. D) poverty in households headed by women steadily declined over a period of ten years.

A) the number of elderly Americans living in poverty declined dramatically.

Among President Reagan's accomplishments was... A) the restoration of a mood of confidence and optimism in an American shaken by the social and economic crises of the 1970's. B) an enormous reduction in the budget deficit. C) improved relations with most of Latin America. D) passage of major environmental-protection legislation.

A) the restoration of a mood of confidence and optimism in an American shaken by the social and economic crises of the 1970's.

Increased use of the birth-control pill in the 1960's was in some measure responsible for... A) the trend toward more casual sexual mores among young people. B) the decline in the incidence of sexually transmitted diseases. C) the decline in the number of abortions. D) the trend away from sterilization as a means of controlling fertility.

A) the trend toward more casual sexual mores among young people.

Modernists claimed victory in the Scopes trial because... A) they believed the testimony in the trial proved fundamentalism to be illogical. B) they believed that William Jennings Bryan's eloquent defense of academic freedom led to greater national acceptance of that concept. C) the Supreme Court subsequently overturned the conviction of John Scopes. D) the state of Tennessee repealed its law prohibiting public-school instructors from teaching the theory of evolution.

A) they believed the testimony in the trial proved fundamentalism to be illogical.

Which of the following was a major factor that shaped the agreements reached by the Allies at Yalta? A) Stalin's insistence that China be recognized as a major power. B) The military positions of the Allies. C) Roosevelt's ill health. D) Dissension between Roosevelt and Churchill over German reparations.

B) The military positions of the Allies.

What caused the great influx of Puerto Ricans to the mainland United States in the 1920's? A) The brutality of military rule in Puerto Rico. B) A shift in the Puerto Rican economy from sugar to coffee production. C) Positive encouragement from the Puerto Ricans already living on the mainland. D) Federal financing for the Puerto Ricans who wanted to come to the mainland.

B) A shift in the Puerto Rican economy from sugar to coffee production.

Taking all things into consideration, which of the following is the most important reason for the Senate's defeat of the Treaty of Versailles and United States membership in the League of Nations? A) Wilson was unable to lobby effectively for the treaty because of his stroke and subsequent incapacitation. B) Americans were unwilling to abandon the nation's traditional attachment to nonalignment and freedom of choice in international affairs. C) Wilson's refusal to compromise with his opponents in the Senate doomed the treaty. D) The treaty was condemned to defeat because of the bitter personal feud between Wilson and Senator Henry Cabot Lodge.

B) Americans were unwilling to abandon the nation's traditional attachment to nonalignment and freedom of choice in international affairs.

Which of the following was the overriding characteristic of United States foreign policy in Latin America in the early 20th century? A) A desire to save the universe. B) An increase in U.S. control over the region. C) Reluctance to employ the "big stick" policy. D) The massive investment of American dollars.

B) An increase in U.S. control over the region.

Which of the following became a standard job benefit for white-collar workers in the 1920's? A) A company car B) Annual vacations C) Company-sponsored day-care centers D) Dental insurance

B) Annual vacations

Which of the following is true of Johnson's impeachment trial? A) Ironically, Johnson was saves by the Radical Republicans, who argued that impeachment should be used as a political weapon. B) Because of public outrage at the way Johnson was being forced out of office, the Senate voted to acquit him. C) Congress could not use impeachment as a political weapon against the president. D) Although Johnson was found guilty, his appeal to the Supreme Court prevented his removal from office.

B) Because of public outrage at the way Johnson was being forced out of office, the Senate voted to acquit him.

Which of the following is true of urban housing conditions in the late 19th century? A) Because of the construction of model tenements in most American cities, even the poor had clean, affordable housing. B) Because population growth outpaced housing supplies in many large cities, low-income families often experienced extreme overcrowding. C) Legislation establishing a national housing code made inhumane living conditions a thing of the past. D) In many cities, urban renewal projects funded by the federal government displaced the poor to cardboard shanties.

B) Because population growth outpaced housing supplies in many large cities, low-income families often experienced extreme overcrowding.

Canada's management of Indian affairs differed from that of the United States in that... A) the Royal Management Police adopted a more aggressive stance against Indian resistance to acculturation. B) Canada granted Indians the rights of British subjects and proceeded more slowly in attempting to acculturate Indians. C) the Canadian government treated Indian tribes as foreign nations. D) Canada outlawed intermarriage between whites and Indians.

B) Canada granted Indians the rights of British subjects and proceeded more slowly in attempting to acculturate Indians.

This late 19th century presidential candidate outpolled his opponent in popular votes but lost the election A) Arthur B) Cleveland C) Garfield D) Harrison

B) Cleveland

What was President Wilson's response to the news that the First World War had broken out in Europe? A) He warned the public that a German victory would imperil United States security. B) He issued a proclamation of neutrality and asked Americans to refrain from taking sides. C) He privately told the warring powers that America would remain neutral but said nothing publicly. D) He secretly told American business leaders that he would not restrict their sales to the warring powers.

B) He issued a proclamation of neutrality and asked Americans to refrain from taking sides.

How did Senator Joseph McCarthy finally undercut himself? A) He charged that fellow senators were communist dupes. B) He took on the U.S. in front of millions of television viewers. C) He appeared on the Senate floor in an obviously inebriated state. D) He publicly states the President Eisenhower was a "communist sympathizer".

B) He took on the U.S. in front of millions of television viewers.

Which of the following was used as a reason to keep the armed forces racially segregated throughout the Second World War? A) The commitment of African Americans to the war effort was in question. B) Integration of military installations would challenge segregation by law in the southern states and possibly provoke racial violence. C) Since African Americans were the only service personnel who could not be assigned to combat duty, they must be assigned to all-black support units. D) African Americans were not considered citizens of the United States and therefore must be separated from other military personnel.

B) Integration of military installations would challenge segregation by law in the southern states and possibly provoke racial violence.

Which of the following is true of Betty Friedan's book "The Feminine Mystique"? A) It improved male understanding of what women wanted from them. B) It helped revive the women's movement by presenting ideas concerning the dissatisfaction of educated wives and mothers. C) It exposed the widespread exploitation of women in advertising. D) It helped women learn to adapt to women's traditional and proper roles.

B) It helped revive the women's movement by presenting ideas concerning the dissatisfaction of educated wives and mothers.

Which of the following factors explains why upward mobility was more accessible to people in the early 1900's than it had been in 1880? A) The strength of organized labor B) The spread of public education C) The decline of lower-paying jobs in service industries D) The increase in jobs requiring skilled workers

B) The spread of public education

One appropriate way to sum up the Johnson and Nixon presidencies is.. A) Johnson's commitment of more troops sank the United States deeper and deeper into the Vietnam quagmire; Nixon's commitment of more troops pulled the United States out of the Vietnam quagmire. B) Johnson wanted to focus on domestic affairs but was overwhelmed by foreign affairs; Nixon wanted to focus on foreign affairs but was overwhelmed by domestic affairs. C) On the domestic front, Johnson's poor relations with Congress could not defeat him; Nixon's good relations with Congress could not save him. D) Johnson pushed the policies of a conservative Democrat; Nixon pushed the policies of a liberal Republican.

B) Johnson wanted to focus on domestic affairs but was overwhelmed by foreign affairs; Nixon wanted to focus on foreign affairs but was overwhelmed by domestic affairs.

Which of the following was a feature of the bracero program? A) Against the wishes of the Mexican government, Congress excluded immigrant Mexican workers from the United States from minimum-wage requirements. B) Mexican farm workers were admitted to the United States on short-term work contracts. C) By agreement between Mexico and the United States, citizenship was extended to Mexicans illegally residing in the United States in 1942. D) Against the wishes of the Mexican government, Congress provided for the deportation of Mexicans who had illegally entered the United States.

B) Mexican farm workers were admitted to the United States on short-term work contracts.

Which of the following was in large part a consequence of Upton Sinclair's 1906 book The Jungle? A) Drug manufacturers agreed to stop selling impure merchandise. B) President Roosevelt supported passage of the Meat Inspection Act. C) Railroad rate-making was taken out of the hands of the railroad industry and put into the hands of the ICC. D) President Roosevelt supported legislation to guarantee the right of workers to bargain collectively.

B) President Roosevelt supported passage of the Meat Inspection Act.

Which of the following statements is true of the Progressive movement? A) Members of the movement were essentially rural people, much like the old Populists. B) Progressives held some issues in common with the Populists but had a distinctively urban orientation. C) Progressives held no issues in common with the Populist movement. D) Progressives continued the urban reforms of the Populist movement.

B) Progressives held some issues in common with the Populists but had a distinctively urban orientation.

Which of the following was a belief held by eugenicists? A) Scientific research has proved that people from all ethnic and racial groups are equal in every respect. B) Society has an obligation to prevent the reproduction of all people deemed "inferior". C) Aside from reproductive differences necessary for continuation of the species, differences between males and females are caused by culture and society. D) The cure for all human diseases may be found in the plant world.

B) Society has an obligation to prevent the reproduction of all people deemed "inferior".

Which of the following statements is most consistent with Frederick Jackson Turner's frontier thesis? A) The prevalence of violence in American society may be explained by the fact the Americans have continually had to tame and civilize a vast wilderness. B) The American character has been shaped by the ever-expanding continental frontier. C) Now that North America has been civilized, the American people will look inward with the goal of creating a truly egalitarian democracy. D) With the passing of the frontier, Americans must fulfill their destiny by acquiring an overseas empire.

B) The American character has been shaped by the ever-expanding continental frontier.

This massacre of some 300 unarmed Vietnamese civilians by American soldiers took place in March 1968. A) The Hanoi massacre B) The My Lai massacre C) The Danang massacre D) The Pleiku massacre

B) The My Lai massacre

Which of the following caused the Wilson administration to break diplomatic relations with Germany? A) The sinking of the Sussex B) The decision by the German government to engage in unrestricted submarine warfare C) A request from the British prime minister D) The Zimmermann telegram

B) The decision by the German government to engage in unrestricted submarine warfare

Which of the following precipitated a crisis with Japan in 1906 and led to a gentleman's agreement with Tokyo restricting Japanese immigration to the United States? A) The refusal of the United States to grant citizenship to Asians. B) The decision by the San Francisco Board to segregate Japanese, Koreans, and Chinese in a special school. C) Taft's decision to implement dollar diplomacy in China. D) A California law denying Japanese residents the right to own land.

B) The decision by the San Francisco Board to segregate Japanese, Koreans, and Chinese in a special school.

Which of the following was a gain made by women in the early 1970's? A) The admission of record numbers of women to professional schools B) The establishment of federally-funded daycare centers for the children of working women C) A reduction in the difference between what the average working woman earned and what the average working man earned D) Ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment

B) The establishment of federally-funded daycare centers for the children of working women

Which of the following was a consequence of the First World War? A) Wartime experiences left the American people united. B) The government's wartime policies nourished the trend toward bigness in American industry. C) Wartime experiences brought a renewed commitment to progressivism after the war. D) Decolonization placed America at a disadvantage in the competition for foreign markets.

B) The government's wartime policies nourished the trend toward bigness in American industry.

The military outcome of the First World War was decided by which of the following? A) The Bolshevik Revolution in Russia. B) The influx of American men and material into Europe. C) The strategic bombing of German factories. D) The destroyer campaign against German submarines.

B) The influx of American men and material into Europe.

Which of the following is true of the 1961 invasion of Cuba at the Bay of Pigs? A) The invasion was planned and executed by military experts in the Pentagon. B) The invasion was based on the assumption that the Cuban people would rise up against Castro. C) The invasion was elaborately planned and skillfully executed. D) The invasion was launched only after several attempts by President Kennedy to negotiate with Castro ended in failure.

B) The invasion was based on the assumption that the Cuban people would rise up against Castro.

During President Reagan's first term, the nation's environmental movement was re-energized because of which of the following? A) The accident at the Three Mile Island nuclear power plant. B) The views and actions of Reagan's Secretary of the Interior, James Watt. C) President Reagan's veto of the Clean Air Act. D) Crop failures in the Midwest obviously caused by the greenhouse effect.

B) The views and actions of Reagan's Secretary of the Interior, James Watt.

Anti-feminists were successful in achieving which of the following? A) They won a Supreme Court ruling that Congress could not extend the deadline for ratifying the Equal Rights Amendment. B) They stalled the ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment. C) They persuaded many major corporations to provide daycare centers to working mothers. D) They persuaded Congress to ban abortion in the United States.

B) They stalled the ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment.

Which of the following is most consistent with the belief expressed by Stokely Carmichael in his 1966 call for Black Power? A) To right the wrongs done against them, African Americans should mover to several southern states, take them over, and push white residents out. B) To be truly free from white oppression, African Americans must control their own economic, political, and social institutions. C) African Americans can gain independence and dignity only by returning en masse to Africa. D) African Americans must seek revenge for the wrongs done against them by forming vigilante groups to assassinate prominent whites.

B) To be truly free from white oppression, African Americans must control their own economic, political, and social institutions.

The Truman-Molotov meeting provides evidence of which of the following? A) The Soviets used underhand tactics in achieving their goals. B) Truman did not appreciate the subtleties that were part of successful diplomacy and was often brash and direct. C) Truman privately realized that the Soviets had earnestly attempted to their agreements at Yalta. D) The Soviets refused to negotiate on even the most trivial of issues.

B) Truman did not appreciate the subtleties that were part of successful diplomacy and was often brash and direct.

Under-consumption was caused by which of the following? A) Farmers and workers built up large savings accounts that drew excessive interest. B) Wages and purchasing power lagged behind industrial production. C) A shortage of labor caused a drastic reduction in industrial production. D) The public continually demanded consumer goods of a higher and higher quality.

B) Wages and purchasing power lagged behind industrial production.

Which of the following was the first national park in the United States? A) Yosemite National Park B) Yellowstone National Park C) Crater Lake National Park D) Glacier National Park

B) Yellowstone National Park

In the 1960 presidential campaign, Vice President Nixon was handicapped by... A) his lack of knowledge on foreign policy issues. B) an unappealing television image. C) his open endorsement of the civil rights movement. D) the installation of nuclear-capable missiles on Formosa.

B) an unappealing television image.

The CIA helped in the overthrow of Mohammed Mossadegh because he... A) ended Iran's nonaligned status by allying with the Soviet Union. B) attempted to nationalize foreign oil interests in Iran. C) vowed to build a military coalition to destroy the state of Israel. D) attempted to create an organization through which the oil-producing nations of the Middle East could control the price of oil.

B) attempted to nationalize foreign oil interests in Iran.

In the early 1900's, the United Fruit Company... A) owned more than one-half of the property in Mexico and dominated Mexican political life. B) became a dominant economic and political force in Central America. C) opposed expansionism in the hope of preserving a market for domestically produced agricultural products. D) operated primarily out of Europe, where it had invested over $100 million.

B) became a dominant economic and political force in Central America.

In the area of conservation, Theodore Roosevelt... A) oversaw enactment of a national plan for resource management. B) believed that the government should manage and control lands in the public domain. C) substantially restricted the wasteful practices of timber and mining companies. D) persuaded Congress to impose a special conservation tax on timber, oil, and mining companies.

B) believed that the government should manage and control lands in the public domain.

Under the crop-lien system, a southern farmer... A) paid his farm workers in crops rather than cash. B) borrowed against his future crops to buy needed supplies. C) harvested his crop with rented machinery. D) rotated the crops he planted from season to season.

B) borrowed against his future crops to buy needed supplies.

The outcome of the disputed presidential election of 1876 was significant because it... A) signaled the demise of the second party system. B) brought an end to Reconstruction. C) marked the beginning of a long era of Democratic presidents. D) demonstrated that African American voters held the balance of power in southern politics.

B) brought an end to Reconstruction.

Ratification of the 17th Amendment is considered a progressive victory because... A) by providing for the income tax, it had the effect of redistributing wealth in the United States. B) by providing for the direct election of United State senators, it took their election out of the hands of state legislatures. C) by establishing a regulatory commission for all industry, if furthered the concept of a planned economy. D) by making the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages illegal, it furthered the progressive goal of moral purity.

B) by providing for the direct election of United State senators, it took their election out of the hands of state legislatures.

The refusal of the South to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment.. A) caused most northerners to support the Radicals' demands that more economic opportunity be extended to freedom. B) caused a thorough restructuring of southern society. C) led to general land reform in the South. D) forced the Republicans to abolish the "Johnson governments" in the South, form new governments, and extend the vote to freedmen.

B) caused a thorough restructuring of southern society.

Most individual prospectors who discovered veins of precious metal... A) mined their claims by themselves. B) sold their claims to mining syndicates. C) mined their claims with a few friends. D) were denied their claims due to government fraud.

B) sold their claims to mining syndicates.

One thing that the 1956 film "Invasion of the Body Snatchers", William H. Whyte's "The Organization Man", and J.D. Salinger's "The Catcher in the Rye" had in common was that they all... A) promoted the acceptance of family values as the salvation of American society. B) criticized the social conformity present in 1950's American society. C) reflected American fears of the Soviet Union. D) demonstrated the popularity of science fiction during the 1950's.

B) criticized the social conformity present in 1950's American society.

The majority of soldiers who served in Vietnam were... A) career soldiers. B) draftees. C) reservists. D) volunteers.

B) draftees.

Policies to expand the amount of money in circulation were generally favored by... A) creditors B) farmers C) industrialists D) wage earners in the Northeast

B) farmers

The immigration quotas established by Congress in the 1920's... A) reflected a desire to increase immigration. B) favored northern Europeans. C) were opposed by labor unions. D) were opposed by business executives.

B) favored northern Europeans.

The New Right that come to the fore in the 1980's is most closely associated with... A) multiculturalism. B) fundamentalist Christianity. C) secular humanism. D) feminism.

B) fundamentalist Christianity.

During the 1890's, leaders who favored economic expansion but not the annexation of overseas territory... A) became more vocal and began to dominate government decision making. B) gradually lost ground to those who advocated both formal and informal imperialism. C) completely abandoned their position in the aftermath of the Spanish-American-Cuban-Filipino War. D) came to be concentrated almost exclusively in the Republican party.

B) gradually lost ground to those who advocated both formal and informal imperialism.

Soon after proposing his initial plan for Reconstruction, Andrew Johnson surprisingly helped subvert his own plan by... A) withdrawing the Union Army from the South. B) granting pardons to many wealthy southerners. C) establishing martial law throughout the South. D) African Americans were not citizens and should not be allowed to vote.

B) granting pardons to many wealthy southerners.

Working-class reformers in the Progressive Era gave support to... A) enactment of a progressive income tax. B) improvements in working hours and factory conditions. C) restrictions on the sale and consumption of liquor. D) ridding the cities of political bosses

B) improvements in working hours and factory conditions.

A farmer operating under the crop-lien system usually... A) reduced soil erosion. B) increased his production. C) sank even deeper into debt. D) added land to his holdings.

B) increased his production.

The constancy with which same-age children were brought together during the 1920's and after... A) made the transition to adolescence easy for most children. B) increased the importance of the peer group in socializing children. C) made children more accepting of their parents. D) reduced the self-esteem of most children.

B) increased the importance of the peer group in socializing children.

In his campaign for the presidency in 1964, Barry Goldwater... A) called for negotiations with the Soviet Union to end the arms race. B) indicated his support for the use of tactical nuclear weapons against the nation's enemies. C) implies that he would end America's involvement in Vietnam. D) states that individual liberty could be achieved only when all Americans enjoyed equal opportunity in voting, employment, and housing.

B) indicated his support for the use of tactical nuclear weapons against the nation's enemies.

Senators opposed to passage of the Women's Suffrage Amendment argued that... A) it would disrupt the political balance of power between Democrats and Republicans. B) it would interfere with women's family responsibilities. C) women would become a dangerous political force. D) women had too little education to be allowed to vote.

B) it would interfere with women's family responsibilities.

At the time of its founding in 1966, the primary goal of the National Organization for Women was to... A) persuade women to run for political office. B) lobby for enforcement of the sex-discrimination provision of the 1964 Civil Rights Act. C) improve women's self-image. D) provide safe houses for battered women and their children.

B) lobby for enforcement of the sex-discrimination provision of the 1964 Civil Rights Act.

The term scalawag was used to describe... A) homeless unemployed freedmen in the South. B) native white southerners who cooperated with the Republicans. C) former plantation owners who had lost their land. D) Union soldiers who occupied the South during Reconstruction.

B) native white southerners who cooperated with the Republicans.

One of the major causes of the depression of 1893 was... A) too much money in circulation. B) overexpansion by American railroads and industries. C) excessive wage increases. D) lack of automation in American industry.

B) overexpansion by American railroads and industries.

The Soviet Union responded the American complaints about the absence of free elections in Eastern European nations by... A) threatening to invade Western Europe. B) pointing to American support of dictators in Latin America. C) allowing free elections in Yugoslavia. D) forming the Comintern.

B) pointing to American support of dictators in Latin America.

In Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, the Supreme Court ruled that... A) states could require a period of silent meditation in public schools. B) racially-segregated public educational facilities were unconstitutional. C) pro-Communist statements expressed by a public school teacher were sufficient grounds for the teacher's dismissal. D) local school boards could require students to complete a sex-education course with infringing on the students' religious rights.

B) racially-segregated public educational facilities were unconstitutional.

Freed slaves, after the Civil War, A) fought hard to establish racially integrated public schools. B) showed a great desire for education as the means of escaping the ignorance of slavery. C) concentrated solely on providing primary school education for their children. D) disappointed northern reformers with their apparent lack of interest in education.

B) showed a great desire for education as the means of escaping the ignorance of slavery.

The black codes enacted in the South after the Civil War showed that southerners... A) were willing to allow African equality under the law. B) sought to return African Americans to a position of servility. C) recognized the need for providing basic education for African Americans. D) would leave the destiny of African Americans up to the African Americans themselves.

B) sought to return African Americans to a position of servility.

In Congressional debates concerning Reconstruction of the former Confederate states, Thaddeus Stevens argued that... A) freedmen should not be extended the right to vote. B) southern property should not be confiscated and used to give freedmen homesteads and a chance at economic independence. C) all freedmen should be given forty acres from confiscated southern land. D) the Fourteenth Amendment should extent the right to vote to women as well.

B) southern property should not be confiscated and used to give freedmen homesteads and a chance at economic independence.

In his final radio and television address, President Eisenhower warned the nation about... A) world overpopulation and starvation. B) the "military-industrial complex". C) the threat of environmental pollution. D) the "international communist conspiracy".

B) the "military-industrial complex".

Captain Alfred T. Mahan argued that the nation's well-being depended on... A) a commitment to educational excellence. B) the building of a strong, efficient navy. C) doubling the size of the United States Army. D) the spread of democratic principles throughout the world.

B) the building of a strong, efficient navy.

The Truman Doctrine and George F. Kennan's "Mr. X" article both proposed... A) the policy of detente. B) the containment doctrine. C) that the United States refrain from getting involved in the internal affairs of other nations. D) a plan to encourage dissent and instability within the Soviet Union.

B) the containment doctrine.

U.S. strategy during the Second World War called for... A) the United States to concentrate its forces in the Pacific while Great Britain and Russia fought the war in Europe. B) the defeat first of Germany and then of Japan. C) a buildup of armaments in the Western Hemisphere so that the United States could withstand an Axis attack. D) a negotiated settlement in Europe if possible while seeking the unconditional surrender of Japan.

B) the defeat first of Germany and then of Japan.

The late 19th century has been called the Gilded Age because... A) the government was firmly committed to the gold standard. B) the era was characterized by corruption and greed. C) the average American's standard of living rapidly improved. D) people from the countryside were lured to the rapidly growing cities.

B) the era was characterized by corruption and greed.

With respect to the question of black suffrage in the South, Andrew Johnson in 1865 indicated his belief that... A) the right to vote should be extended to African Americans through an amendment to the Constitution. B) the federal government could never force the southern states to extend voting rights to African Americans. C) the southern states, before being allowed to re-enter the Union, should guarantee the right to vote to African American males. D) African Americans were not citizens and should not be allowed to vote.

B) the federal government could never force the southern states to extend voting rights to African Americans.

The Stonewall Inn riot marked the beginning of... A) violent demonstrations against the Vietnam War. B) the gay rights movement. C) the Gray Panthers. D) radical feminism.

B) the gay rights movement.

Congress's decision to provide generous pensions to former Union soldiers and their widows is an example of... A) the benefits associated with revenues from new income-tax measures enacted in the 1880's and 1890's. B) the government assuming responsibility to provide a safety net for the disadvantaged in society. C) an interest group's use of the emotions associated with the Civil War for financial gain. D) an attempt by the southern Democrats who sponsored the legislation to heal the wounds of the Civil War.

B) the government assuming responsibility to provide a safety net for the disadvantaged in society.

In 1883, four standard time zones for the nation were established by... A) the president B) the railroads C) the army D) Congress

B) the railroads

Which of the following is true of American women during the First World War? A) Unemployment among women increased significantly during the war years. B) Working women found that sex-segregated occupations were a thing of the past. C) A significant number of women moved into jobs that had previously been reserved for men. D) Many working women left the labor market altogether in response to criticism that they were denying jobs to men.

C) A significant number of women moved into jobs that had previously been reserved for men.

Which of the following best expresses the beliefs of Booker T. Washington? A) African Americans should demand political and social equality in American society. B) African Americans should passively accept their inferior position in a white-dominated society. C) Americans should prove themselves worthy of respect by working hard and acquiring property. D) African Americans should challenge discriminatory legislation in the courts.

C) African Americans should prove themselves worthy of respect by working hard and acquiring property.

Which of the following is true of family life and the functions of the family by 1990? A) People's roles in the home were no longer defined by age. B) Kinship was no longer of any importance. C) Age-based peer groups had far more influence over people's values than previously. D) Parents spent a far larger portion of their lives caring for children than previously.

C) Age-based peer groups had far more influence over people's values than previously.

Which of the following statements best expresses President Wilson's belief about America's place in the world? A) America has an obligation to end intolerance, racism, and bigotry withing its society. B) America has a mission to end poverty, homelessness, and unemployment. C) America has a mission to lead the world into a new era of peace based on open diplomacy, free trade, and democratic politics. D) America has a duty to help other nations find the economic and political systems best suited to their cultures.

C) America has a mission to lead the world into a new era of peace based on open diplomacy, free trade, and democratic politics.

He was called "The Lone Eagle" and was the most notable news hero of the 1920's. A) Floyd Collins B) Jack Dempsey C) Charles A. Lindbergh D) John Scopes

C) Charles A. Lindbergh

Which of the following most accurately describes the relationship among the Allies during the Second World War? A) The relationship reflected the closeness of friends locked together in a mutual quest for survival. B) It was a hostile relationship with each nation openly criticizing the failing of other. C) Cooperation among the Allies was undermined be an undercurrent of suspicion. D) Only after D-Day did the relationship become one of complete trust.

C) Cooperation among the Allies was undermined be an undercurrent of suspicion.

Progressive educator John Dewey emphasized which of the following ideas? A) Secondary school should concentrate on preparing students for college. B) Public schools should be funded by the national government. C) Education should relate directly to experience. D) The main task of education is to teach moral principle.

C) Education should relate directly to experience.

Feminists differed from members of the woman movement in which of the following ways? A) Feminists rejected the idea of women uniting as a gender group; members of the woman movement encouraged gender-group unity. B) Feminists argued that there were no differences between women and men; members of the woman movement stressed the differences between the sexes. C) Feminists spoke of rights and self-development; members of the woman movement spoke of duties and moral purity. D) Feminists believed that in many instances women should be treated differently than men; members of the woman movement called for an end to all gender-based distinctions.

C) Feminists spoke of rights and self-development; members of the woman movement spoke of duties and moral purity.

In a cliff-hanger election, the phrase "run, Romanism, and rebellion" may have been the key to victory of... A) Chester A. Arthur B) James G. Blaine C) Grover Cleveland D) Benjamin Harrison

C) Grover Cleveland

Khrushchev installed nuclear missiles in Cuba for which of the following reasons? A) He was preparing for a nuclear strike against the United States. B) He did so solely to persuade the United States to remove its missiles from Turkey. C) He did so to deter an American invasion. D) He was attempting to build an anti-American alliance among Latin American nation under Soviet control.

C) He did so to deter an American invasion.

Which of the following is true of Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer? A) He strongly encouraged Wilson to resign the presidency after his stroke. B) He sought to achieve equal rights and opportunities for African Americans during the war. C) He participated in fundamental violations of civil liberties after the war. D) He instituted suits against corporations that had made excessive profits on war contracts.

C) He participated in fundamental violations of civil liberties after the war.

In the most general sense, President Wilson decided in favor of American entry into the First World War for which of the following reasons? A) The German-Mexican alliance threatened the security of the United States. B) American munitions manufacturers pushed him in that direction. C) He wanted a peace fashioned in accordance with Wilsonian, and thus American, ideals. D) He wanted to acquire a colonial empire for the United States.

C) He wanted a peace fashioned in accordance with Wilsonian, and thus American, ideals.

Which of the following explanations of Truman's 1948 victory is correct? A) His opponents were political unknowns. B) The Democratic party was united. C) He won the African American vote in key northern states, thus gaining those states' electoral votes. D) He won the Progressive vote.

C) He won the African American vote in key northern states, thus gaining those states' electoral votes.

The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution is particularly significant in American history for which of the following reasons? A) The resolution marked the point at which most Americans began to have serious doubts about the American role in Vietnam. B) The resolution served notice to the rest of the world that the United States no longer accepted any geographical limits on its freedom to patrol the seas. C) In enacting the resolution, Congress relinquished its war-making powers to the president. D) Passage of the resolution established the precedent of U.S. rejection of United Nations Security Council authority in international disputes.

C) In enacting the resolution, Congress relinquished its war-making powers to the president.

The 1991 Persian Gulf War was caused by... A) Syria's invasion of Israel. B) Saudi Arabia's invasion of Iraq. C) Iraq's invasion of Kuwait. D) the United Arab Emirates' hostile actions in the Persian Gulf.

C) Iraq's invasion of Kuwait.

Which of the following is true of the "New Look" of the American military under Eisenhower and Dulles? A) It relied on strong land forces. B) It stressed superior conventional forces. C) It emphasized nuclear weapons. D) It trained soldiers for guerrilla warfare.

C) It emphasized nuclear weapons.

Which of the following is true of the Immigration Act of 1965? A) It severely restricted immigration from Asia. B) It lifted all immigration quotas. C) It ended racially-based immigration quotas. D) It placed no quota on immigrants from the Western Hemisphere.

C) It ended racially-based immigration quotas.

Which of the following is true of the depression of the 1890's? A) It did not affect the banking industry in the United States. B) It was not felt nationally but was confined to the South and West. C) Its magnitude resulted in large part from the interdependence of various sectors of the American economy. D) Most American farmers were able to escape the depression's effects.

C) Its magnitude resulted in large part from the interdependence of various sectors of the American economy.

The rise of organized sports in the late 1800's took place for which of the following reasons? A) Immigrants brought sports with them from Europe. B) Employers wanted to draw workers' attention away from union organization. C) Labor-saving devices brought a substantial increase in leisure time. D) City reformers believed such organized amusements would relieve working class boredom and reduce the urban crime rate.

C) Labor-saving devices brought a substantial increase in leisure time.

During the 1970's and 1980's, this ethnic group constituted America's fastest-growing minority. A) African Americans B) Asian Americans C) Latinos D) Native Americans

C) Latinos

The economies of all of the western Indian tribes were based to some extent on four activities. Three such activities were trading and raiding; crop growing; and hunting, fishing, and gathering. What was the fourth? A) Mining B) Weaving C) Livestock raising D) Manufacturing

C) Livestock raising

Which of the following is true of women in the work force in the 1920's? A) Women began moving into occupations previously restricted to men. B) Married women made up the majority of women workers by the end of the decade. C) Married women joined the work force in increasing numbers. D) Sex segregation in the workplace became less noticeable.

C) Married women joined the work force in increasing numbers.

Which of the following made up the nation's poorest group after the Second World War? A) Single women B) Mexican Americans C) Native Americans D) African Americans

C) Native Americans

Which of the following was a consequence of the northward migration of African Americans during the First World War? A) Segregation was eliminated in the North. B) African Americans sought and gained appointment to high political positions. C) Northern resentment led to numerous race riots in northern cities. D) The South suffered severe economic dislocation.

C) Northern resentment led to numerous race riots in northern cities.

American workers traditionally considered themselves producers, but during the late 19th century they became employees. Which of the following statements best expresses the difference between the two? A) Producers are paid on the basis of quantity produced; employees are paid on the basis of the quality of what they produce. B) Producers are paid on the basis of the time they spend on the job; employees are paid on the basis of efficiency. C) Producers are paid on the basis of the quality of what they produce; employees are paid on the basis of efficiency. D) Producers are paid on the basis of how quickly they can perform a given task; employees are paid on the basis of the time they spend on the job.

C) Producers are paid on the basis on the quality of what they produce; employees are paid on the basis of efficiency.

This person was the first woman associate justice of the Supreme Court. A) Anita Bryant B) Geraldine Ferraro C) Sandra Day O'Connor D) Phyllis Schlafly

C) Sandra Day O'Connor

This battle was a turning point in the Pacific was and relieved the Japanese threat to the U.S. Navy base at Honolulu. A) The Battle of the Coral Sea B) The Battle of Guadalcanal C) The Battle of Midway D) The Battle of Okinawa

C) The Battle of Midway

The United States refused to recognize Vietnamese independence in 1945 for which of the following reason? A) France was guaranteed the return of its colonies at the Potsdam Conference. B) Ho Chi Minh had cooperated with the Japanese during the course of the Second World War. C) The United States believed support of its French ally in Vietnam would ensure French support in the Cold War. D) The State Department warned that recognition would jeopardize negotiations to end the Chinese civil war.

C) The United States believed support of its French ally in Vietnam would ensure French support in the Cold War.

Which of the following arguments was used by opponents of the Treaty of Paris? A) The war is unjust, so the treaty is also unjust. B) The United States should not be engaged in economic expansion. C) The annexation of areas populated by dark-skinned people will undermine Anglo-Saxon purity. D) The radical and revolutionary ideas of the Puerto Rican people will undermine American capitalism.

C) The annexation of areas populated by dark-skinned people will undermine Anglo-Saxon purity.

By the end of the Second World War, the United States was producing 40 percent of the world's weaponry. How was this feat accomplished? A) The weapons industry relied on robotics. B) Workers in defense plants were given monetary bonuses when they exceeded production quotas. C) The assembly-line process of mass production was used in many defense-related industries. D) Military personnel were used to increase the work force and speed up production in defense-related industries.

C) The assembly-line process of mass production was used in many defense-related industries.

Which of the following is most consistent with Walter Lippmann's views expressed in his book "The Cold War"? A) The Soviet Union had nothing to do with the start of the Cold War. B) The United States must police all parts of the world to protect itself from the worldwide Soviet menace. C) The containment doctrine is a strategic monstrosity that will drain the nation's patience and resources. D) The containment doctrine will lead to nuclear war between the United States and the Soviet Union.

C) The containment doctrine is a strategic monstrosity that will drain the nation's patience and resources.

During the 1980's, which of the following was a major reason for the increase in the poverty rate in cities such as New York? A) Increasing elderly populations in such cities. B) The absence of federally-funded centers that could provide job training to the chronologically unemployed. C) The disappearance of blue-collar jobs that accompanied the rise of a service and information-based economy. D) The failure of public education to produce literate, employable graduates.

C) The disappearance of blue-collar jobs that accompanied the rise of a service and information-based economy.

Which of the following is considered a major contributor to the postwar economic boom? A) The success of labor unions in gaining more control over corporate affairs. B) Government spending. C) The growth of service industries. D) Television production.

C) The growth of service industries.

Which of the following inhibited United States relations with Third World nations during the 1950's? A) Segregation practices in the United States. B) The bumbling diplomatic style of John Foster Dulles. C) The opposition of the United States to the Soviet use of force in Eastern Europe. D) The unwillingness of the United States to extend foreign aid to Third World nations.

C) The opposition of the United States to the Soviet use of force in Eastern Europe.

Which of the following statements best expresses the belief of most middle- and upper-class Americans about poverty in the late 19th century? A) Most poverty is caused by the business cycle. B) The greed of the wealthy is the major reason for poverty. C) The poor are poor because of their own personal weaknesses. D) Much poverty is caused by the degrading environment in which people live.

C) The poor are poor because of their own personal weaknesses.

A beneficial effect of the Cuban missile crisis was... A) major improvements in the American civil-defense system. B) public support for improving relations with Cuba. C) installation of a Washington-Moscow hot line. D) tighter control of the CIA by Congress.

C) installation of a Washington-Moscow hot line.

Which of the following statements is most consistent with the Supreme Court's ruling in Roe v. Wade? A) There is no inherent right to privacy embodied in the Constitution; thus, a state may prohibit the sale of contraceptives. B) The right to privacy guaranteed by the Constitution; thus, the state has no power to regulate sexual acts between consenting adults. C) The right to privacy guaranteed in the the Constitution protects a woman's decision to have an abortion. D) The Constitution protects the rights of the fetus over the rights of the mother after the first three months of pregnancy.

C) The right to privacy guaranteed in the the Constitution protects a woman's decision to have an abortion.

Why did Ngo Dinh Diem and President Eisenhower refuse to allow national elections in Vietnam as called for in the Geneva accords? A) They believed the elections would have been virtually impossible to administer. B) They held that the 1955 South Vietnamese election had given Diem a mandate to govern. C) They feared that Communist leader Ho Chi Minh would win. D) They realized that the Communists would never allow a genuinely free election.

C) They feared that Communist leader Ho Chi Minh would win.

Which of the following is true of women in the United States during the 1970's and 1980's? A) They met with little success in getting elected to political office. B) They witnessed the elimination of all barriers to equality. C) They took advantage of new employment opportunities. D) They continued to have little success in enrolling in colleges, universities, and professional schools.

C) They took advantage of new employment opportunities.

Most whites who migrated to the West and the Great Plains did so for which of the following reasons? A) They wanted to Christianize the native peoples. B) They were lured there by mining syndicates and lumber companies that promised high-paying jobs. C) They were desirous of material success. D) They were supposed to conduct government-financed agricultural research.

C) They were desirous of material success.

Which of the following was the purpose of laws against miscegenation passed by western state legislature? A) To prevent white males from marrying Indian women. B) To prevent intermarriage between white women and Indian men. C) To prevent intermarriage between white women and men of Asian descent. D) To prevent white males from marrying Hispanic women

C) To prevent intermarriage between white women and men of Asian descent.

What impact did the urban growth of the late 19th century have on industrialization? A) Urbanization greatly slowed industrialization in the United States. B) Urbanization had little effect on industrialization. C) Urban growth and industrialization fed off and promoted each other. D) Urban growth negated the positive effects of industrialization

C) Urban growth and industrialization fed off and promoted each other.

Which of the following statements is most consistent with the public's attitude toward women entering the labor force during the war years? A) Women who seek gainful employment usually do so because they have not been able to find a husband. B) Women cannot adequately perform men's work because they lack sufficient physical strength. C) Women should enter the labor force for the duration of the war, but they should return to the home when the war is over. D) Women make better workers than men because of their determination to prove themselves.

C) Women should enter the labor force for the duration of the war, but they should return to the home when the war is over.

In his book Baby and Child Care, Dr. Benjamin Spock asserted that... A) mothers should not breast-feed their babies. B) fathers should take an active role in bringing up their children. C) a mother's full-time attention was necessary to the well-being of her child. D) mothers should ignore a baby's crying except at feeding time.

C) a mother's full-time attention was necessary to the well-being of her child.

In their campaign against the Equal Rights Amendment, anti-feminist leaders... A) proposed progressive legislation to guarantee just compensation to working women and federal aid to working mothers. B) argued in favor of passing new laws that would relegate women to an inferior status in American society. C) argued that ERA would decriminalize rape and make women subject to the military draft. D) engaged in a reasoned debate with those who supported the amendment.

C) argued that ERA would decriminalize rape and make women subject to the military draft.

The central banking system established by the Federal Reserve Act of 1913... A) made direct loans to businesspersons for plant expansions and investment spending. B) insured private bank accounts against loss. C) could control the amount of money in circulation by adjusting the discount rate. D) tied the money supply to the supply of gold in the United States Treasury.

C) could control the amount of money in circulation by adjusting the discount rate.

Many freedmen saw emancipation as the opportunity to... A) punish their former masters B) take advantage of the economic opportunities offered them by northern factory owners. C) create their own institutions free of white control. D) demand passage of legislation outlawing social, economic, and political discrimination on the basis of race.

C) create their own institutions free of white control.

Most American deaths in the Spanish-American-Cuban-Filipino War were caused by... A) combat wounds. B) tainted food. C) disease. D) heat stroke.

C) disease.

The political tactic known as "waving the bloody shirt" was actually the practice of... A) lauding the pioneer heritage. B) appealing for labor solidarity. C) exploiting Civil War animosities for political gain. D) advocating a militant foreign policy.

C) exploiting Civil War animosities for political gain.

The Dawes Severalty Act was based on the belief that... A) Indians should be allowed to participate actively in decisions concerning the future. B) by establishing reservations as enclaves protected from white encroachment, Indian culture could be preserved. C) families headed by men were the desired model for all societies. D) Indians could be best assimilated into mainstream American society by teaching them skills necessary to become factory workers.

C) families headed by men were the desired model for all societies.

Thomas Edison's contribution to the search for cheap and efficient indoor lighting was the... A) florescent lamp. B) arc light. C) incandescent bulb. D) gaseous-discharge bulb.

C) incandescent bulb.

In order to have the truly independent, self-sufficient life they wanted, many freedmen sought... A) a fair employer B) a chance to move North C) land of their own D) social equality

C) land of their own

As a result of the growth of the suburbs, A) the boundaries of most central cities expanded as they annexed outlying areas. B) the peer group's influence on children began to decline while the family's influence increased. C) pollution and trash were spread over a larger area. D) nonwhites were able to escape the overcrowding of the inner-city ghettos.

C) pollution and trash were spread over a larger area.

One of the goals of the GI Bill was to... A) require employers to reserve a set percentage of new job openings for returning soldiers. B) prop up the sagging post-war housing industry. C) prevent a sudden explosion in the number of people looking for jobs. D) outlaw deficit spending for peacetime purposes.

C) prevent a sudden explosion in the number of people looking for jobs.

Cattle raising became increasingly profitable in the 1860's and gave rise to the lucrative cattle industry because of... A) a decline in beef imported from Europe. B) court decisions that allowed livestock to be moved freely across state lines. C) railroad expansion and population growth. D) investment funds made available by the discovery of mineral deposits in the West.

C) railroad expansion and population growth.

In the case of Plessy v. Ferguson, the Supreme Court asserted that... A) states had the authority to impose a poll tax on voters. B) the Fifteenth Amendment prohibited the establishment of literacy as a prerequisite for voting. C) states could constitutionally enact legislation by which separate-but-equal legislation. D) separate schools for blacks were by their very nature unequal and therefore unconstitutional.

C) states could constitutionally enact legislation by which separate-but-equal legislation.

Jim Crow laws spread rapidly through the South after... A) southern workers began forming labor unions. B) northern states passed immigration restriction quotas. C) the Supreme Court upheld separate-but-equal doctrine. D) African Americans began a massive migration into southern cities.

C) the Supreme Court upheld separate-but-equal doctrine.

As a result of President Reagan's economic policies, A) the poverty rate declined. B) U.S. corporations suffered under the burden of higher tax rates. C) the United States became the world's largest debtor nation. D) the national debt declined.

C) the United States became the world's largest debtor nation.

As a result of the Korean War, A) the United States decided to rearm Japan. B) the Eisenhower administration decided to cut off American aid to France in Vietnam. C) the globalist foreign policy of the United States became highly militarized. D) Japan requested that an American military base be established at Okinawa.

C) the globalist foreign policy of the United States became highly militarized.

The Mann Act reflected the growing sentiment that... A) prostitution could be ended by punishing and arresting the prostitutes. B) prostitution is a victimless crime and should be legalized. C) the government could improve human behavior by passing legislation prohibiting immorality. D) the government could never eradicate immorality because sin is deeply embedded in the human condition.

C) the government could improve human behavior by passing legislation prohibiting immorality.

The term affirmative action refers to efforts to show improvement in... A) ghetto living conditions. B) air quality. C) the hiring of minorities. D) grade level competency tests in public schools.

C) the hiring of minorities.

The internment of Japanese Americans during the Second World War was based on... A) conviction for espionage and sedition. B) well-documented conspiracies to sabotage the American war effort. C) their ethnic origin. D) evidence of their support for the Japanese war effort against the United States.

C) their ethnic origin.

John Kennedy's top priority upon becoming president in 1961 was... A) reducing defense spending. B) civil rights. C) waging the Cold War. D) cutting taxes.

C) waging the Cold War.

Advocates of Social Darwinism believed that... A) the government should use its power to tax to bring about a more equitable distribution of wealth. B) the government should protect the weak in society by regulating industry. C) wealth is a mark of well-deserved power and responsibility. D) wealth carries no responsibilities except to get more of it.

C) wealth is a mark of well-deserved power and responsibility.

The rapid development of railroad in the United States was accomplished... A) in large measure through the investment of European banking firms. B) exclusively through the support of large numbers of small investors. C) with the help of some of the largest government subsidiaries ever granted. D) almost totally through the investment of a handful of shrew millionaires.

C) with the help of some of the largest government subsidiaries ever granted.

The roots of 1950's rock 'n' roll music lay in... A) early jazz. B) folk songs. C) Indian war songs. D) African American rhythm-and-blues.

D) African American rhythm-and-blues.

American cities in the late 19th and early 20th centuries differed from cities in other industrialized nations in which of the following ways? A) American cities had municipal welfare agencies that provided relief to the urban poor. B) American cities had professional law enforcement officers. C) American cities had no housing codes and no zoning restrictions. D) American cities experienced a significant rise in homicide rates.

D) American cities experienced a significant rise in homicide rates.

Why did the CIA secretly plot to overthrow the Guatemalan government under Jacobo Arbenz Guzman in 1954? A) Arbenz began the systematic execution of his political opponents. B) Arbenz refused to allow the United States Navy to continue using port facilities in Guatemala. C) Arbenz, in a military coup, seized the Guatemalan government from its duly elected leaders. D) Arbenz expropriated land belonging to the United Fruit Company and thus was suspected of being a communist.

D) Arbenz expropriated land belonging to the United Fruit Company and thus was suspected of being a communist.

Many Americans accepted which of the following beliefs in the 1950's? A) The diversity within American society means that tension and conflict are inevitable in the United States. B) Citizens in a mass democracy must always harbor a healthy distrust of their elected officials and question their decisions. C) Americans must work to bring about the moral regeneration of American society. D) As the United States struggles against the Soviet Union for the future of the world, critics of America are suspect and perhaps even patriotic.

D) As the United States struggles against the Soviet Union for the future of the world, critics of America are suspect and perhaps even patriotic.

Which of the following arguments was used by women such as Jane Addams to defend female suffrage? A) All distinctions between the sexes violate the Constitution. B) Women should be rewarded for their contributions to the nation during the First World War. C) Women of all classes have common grievances that will be dealt with only if women have the vote. D) Because of their unique qualities, women will have a humanizing impact on all aspects of society.

D) Because of their unique qualities, women will have a humanizing impact on all aspects of society.

The German government decided to engage in unrestricted submarine warfare for which of the following reasons? A) The German government wanted to lure America into the war. B) German spies had incorrectly advised the German government that the United States was mobilizing for war. C) President Wilson had ordered armed American merchant ships to fire on sight at the German ships. D) By preventing munition shipments to its enemies, the German government believed it could win the war before American mobilization.

D) By preventing munition shipments to its enemies, the German government believed it could win the war before American mobilization.

For which of the following reasons was the early 20th century a transitional point with regard to women's fashions? A) The abandonment of the corset caused women to become less concerned with waist size. B) American women began to show their preferences for more restrictive Victorian styles. C) High-boned collars became standard on almost all dresses. D) Designers began to use less fabric and place more emphasis on comfort.

D) Designers began to use less fabric and place more emphasis on comfort.

Which of the following became the leading spokesman for American socialism in the 1890's? A) William Sylvis B) Charles Guiteau C) Henry Clay Frick D) Eugene V. Debs

D) Eugene V. Debs

Which of the following is true of American agriculture during the First World War? A) The trend toward mechanization came to a virtual halt. B) Farmers were forced to reduce acreage to stabilize prices. C) Farmers sank deeper and deeper into debt. D) Gross farm income increased dramatically.

D) Gross farm income increased dramatically.

The Marshall Plan was successful in accomplishing which of the following? A) It corrected Western Europe's adverse balance-of-payments with the United States. B) It brought about the complete economic integration of the Western European states. C) It stopped postwar inflation in Western Europe. D) It stimulated impressive industrial production and investment in Western Europe.

D) It stimulated impressive industrial production and investment in Western Europe.

Which of the following is true of A Red Record by Ida B. Wells? A) It caused many to question the government's Indian policies by offering detailed accounts of the poverty, disease, and inhumane living conditions on Indian reservations. B) It openly questioned the government's alliance with big businesses against organized labor. C) It pointed out the evils of socialism and helped mobilize public support for the government's campaign against the Socialist Party. D) It tabulated statistics on racial lynchings and proved useful in anti-lynching campaigns.

D) It tabulated statistics on racial lynchings and proved useful in anti-lynching campaigns.

The Office of War Information was created for which of the following reasons? A) It was repsponsible for deciphering Japanese and German diplomatic codes. B) It gathered military intelligence to help battlefield commanders. C) It was established to gather information on civilians suspected of aiding the enemy. D) It was in charge of domestic propaganda to build public support for the war.

D) It was in charge of domestic propaganda to build public support for the war.

Which of the following is true of government military contracts during the Second World War? A) They greatly enriched neighborhood enterprises. B) They were equally distributed among all businesses. C) They were awarded to companies with the lowest profit margin and the highest research and development expenditures. D) Most were awarded to the nation's top one hundred corporations.

D) Most were awarded to the nation's top one hundred corporations.

Which of the following was the most unifying aspect of the youth culture of the 1960's? A) A distinctive youth dialect B) Movies C) Television D) Music

D) Music

Under Reagan, the United States supplied military aid to oppose the pro-Cuban government in... A) Argentina B) Mexico C) Peru D) Nicaragua

D) Nicaragua

Which of the following was especially important in helping African Americans cope with urban life? A) The urban political machine B) The availability of jobs C) Government relief agencies for the urban poor D) Religious activities associated with black churches.

D) Religious activities associated with black churches.

Which of the following was an agreement reached at the Yalta Conference? A) The United States and Great Britain would enter into a treaty of friendship with Mao Zedong of China. B) Poland would be a protectorate under Russian domination and with a pro-Soviet government. C) Germany would be divided into two zones, one controlled by the western Allies and the other by the Soviet Union. D) Russia would declare war on Japan shortly after Hitler's defeat.

D) Russia would declare war on Japan shortly after Hitler's defeat.

Which of the following is considered the primary reason for the post-traumatic stress disorder suffered by thousands of Vietnam veterans? A) Many soldiers were exposed to Agent Orange. B) Soldiers had to fight in the midst of jungles, rains, and withering heat. C) Soldiers suffered from battle fatigue. D) Soldiers saw large numbers of women, children, and elderly people killed.

D) Soldiers saw large numbers of women, children, and elderly people killed.

Which of the following is a consequence of race-based explanations for expansions by United States leaders? A) Such explanations led American leaders to study other societies and cultures so they could create a world community of nations based on mutual respect and cooperation. B) Such explanations led United States policymakers to make unwise concessions to some nations because they were considered to be weak and inferior and in need of aid. C) Such explanations hampered the development of a modern navy because they led the United States leaders to believe that God would always protect Americans. D) Such explanations justified domination and war because they fostered the belief that superior people do no negotiate with inferiors.

D) Such explanations justified domination and war because they fostered the belief that superior people do no negotiate with inferiors.

Which of the follownig is associated with Kennedy's nation-building policy among Third-World nations? A) The Limited Test Ban Treaty B) The Organization of American States C) The International Monetary Fund D) The Peace Corps

D) The Peace Corps

How did the United States respond to the Soviet Union's testing of its first atomic bomb? A) President Truman called for the formation of an international agency to control atomic energy. B) Secretary of State Acheson asked that a summit be scheduled for negotiation of differences between the superpowers. C) The Unites States called for an agreement between the superpowers on the number of nuclear-capable warheads each side would be allowed to have. D) The United States began development of the hydrogen bomb.

D) The United States began development of the hydrogen bomb.

William Levitt is noted for which of the following? A) The design of the modern mobile home B) Modular home construction C) On-site assembly of factory-built homes D) The adaptation of assembly-line methods to the process of home construction

D) The adaptation of assembly-line methods to the process of home construction

Which of the following stalled German advances in eastern Europe and placed German forces on the defensive for the rest of the Second World War? A) The Allied invasion of Poland B) The liberation of France C) The battle for Aachen D) The battle for Stalingrad

D) The battle for Stalingrad

Which of the following best expresses the ideology behind the Open Door policy? A) Freedom of the seas will lead to the enrichment of the world community of nations. B) All nations must be allowed to develop their own political and economic systems. C) All nations of the world should be considered equals. D) The closing of any area to American products, citizens, or ideas threatens the survival of the United States.

D) The closing of any area to American products, citizens, or ideas threatens the survival of the United States.

Which of the following is true of family life in the 1920's? A) Parental influence increased. B) The percentage of families with five or more children increased. C) Family members devoted more time to family tasks. D) The divorce rate rose.

D) The divorce rate rose.

Which of the following was a major target of student protesters in the 1960's? A) College fraternities and sororities B) Sex discrimination in college-admission policies C) The practice of granting tenure to college professors D) The doctrine of in loco parentis

D) The doctrine of in loco parentis

Provisions of the Newlands Reclamation Act provide evidence of which of the following? A) The federal government was more interested in conserving the nation's natural resources than maintaining control over those resources. B) The federal government attempted to impose the principle of riparian rights on individuals who purchased western public lands. C) The federal government was unwilling to assume the power to regulate water development in the West, thus leaving such power to the states. D) The federal government actively aided the agricultural development of the West.

D) The federal government actively aided the agricultural development of the West.

Which of the following was a feature of open-range ranching? A) The rounding up of wild cattle roaming free on the range. B) The slaughtering and butchering of cattle on the range. C) The purchase of thousands of acres of land for grazing. D) The grazing of cattle on public lands.

D) The grazing of cattle on public lands.

New technology changed the role of housewives in which of the following ways? A) Housewives began to be seen as specialists in certain tasks. B) Fewer child-raising responsibilities were place on the housewife. C) Management of the household became more of a shared family responsibility. D) The housewife became the family's chief consumer rather than its chief producer.

D) The housewife became the family's chief consumer rather than its chief producer.

Which of the following played a role in precipitating the Cuban revolution of 1895? A) The abolition of slavery in Cuba B) The beginning of Cuban industrialization C) An American military invasion D) The imposition of a United States tariff on Cuban sugar.

D) The imposition of a United States tariff on Cuban sugar.

Which of the following is true of racist, nativity, and fundamentalist groups in the 1920's? A) Such groups engaged in terrorist acts with the ultimate aim of overthrowing the U.S. government. B) Almost all of the members of such groups were from poor, depressed rural areas. C) Congress labeled such groups as subversive and required their members to register with the U.S. government. D) The members of such groups were attempting to defend the older values associated with the late 19th century against the materialism and rapid social change of the 1920's.

D) The members of such groups were attempting to defend the older values associated with the late 19th century against the materialism and rapid social change of the 1920's.

In the immediate aftermath of the Second World War, which of the following bothered officials in the American government most about the Soviet Union? A) Its economic power B) The strong likelihood that it would attack Western Europe. C) Its advanced technology D) The possibility that it would exploit global economic and political unrest to the detriment of U.S. interests

D) The possibility that it would exploit global economic and political unrest to the detriment of U.S. interests

Which of the following was one of the items in Reagan's agenda at the beginning of the first term? A) The prevention of wasteful defense expenditures. B) The reduction of East-West conflicts through negotiations. C) An increase in welfare subsidiaries to the working poor. D) The weakening of federal environmental, health, and safety regulations.

D) The weakening of federal environmental, health, and safety regulations.

Which of the following was true of American farmers in the late 19th century? A) They enjoyed a great deal of economic power because they were primarily creditors. B) They believed that overproduction was the cause of their economic decline. C) They were not affected by the amount of money in circulation because they had very few fixed costs. D) They concluded that an inadequate amount of money in circulation made their debts more burdensome.

D) They concluded that an inadequate amount of money in circulation made their debts more burdensome.

W. E. B. Du Bois and the leadership of the NAACP supported the war against Germany for which of the following reasons? A) The Wilson administration pledged that if they did so, America's armed forced would be racially integrated. B) They were afraid they would be arrested under the Sedition Act if they did not publicly support the war. C) They did so after a promise from the Joint Chiefs of Staff that African Americans would have equal access to the officer class in all branches of the armed forces. D) They hoped their demonstration of patriotism would help African Americans in their quest for equality.

D) They hoped their demonstration of patriotism would help African Americans in their quest for equality.

Which of the following is true of women in higher education during the Progressive era? A) Most women chose to take science and mathematics courses. B) Most women attended private women's colleges rather than coeducational institutions. C) Harvard and Yale began recruiting women into their medical schools. D) Women were usually encourages to take home economics.

D) Women were usually encourages to take home economics.

The typical American soldier in the First World War was... A) married with children. B) an African American. C) a high-school graduate. D) a draftee in his early- to mid-twenties.

D) a draftee in his early- to mid-twenties.

African American leaders in the South during Reconstruction... A) argued that voting rights should be permanently denied to former Confederates. B) dominated the legislatures in several southern states. C) led efforts to establish public schools in the region. D) advocated the confiscation and redistribution of land.

D) advocated the confiscation and redistribution of land.

In the 1920's, the ultimate symbol of social equality was the... A) washing machine. B) radio. C) house with electricity. D) automobile.

D) automobile.

Railroad lines compensated for unprofitably low rates on competitive routes by... A) using fewer crew members on such routes and cutting back on the services provided. B) running very few trains on such routes. C) demanding special payment from the government for such routes. D) charging unusually high rates on noncompetitive routes.

D) charging unusually high rates on noncompetitive routes.

As a result of the Paris Peace Conference at the Versailles palace, the Allies... A) applied the principle of self-determination to all former colonial empires. B) established free trade among all of the world's industrialized nations. C) accepted Wilson's arguments in favor of a small indemnity against Germany. D) created a chain of pro-Western buffer states around Russia.

D) created a chain of pro-Western buffer states around Russia.

The economic advantages available to large factories are known as... A) the Peter principle. B) the economies of abundance. C) supply-side economics. D) economies of scale.

D) economies of scale.

During the Second World War, women... A) were primarily employed in skilled jobs at defense plants. B) received pay equal to that received by men doing the same job. C) were never allowed to take jobs in heavy industry. D) entered the labor force in increasing numbers and often found new employment opportunities.

D) entered the labor force in increasing numbers and often found new employment opportunities.

At their 1924 national convention, the Democrats... A) nominated Robert La Follette as a compromising candidate. B) approved a resolution calling for an end to Prohibition. C) failed to pass a resolution condemning the Teapot Dome scandal. D) failed to pass a resolution condemning the Ku Klux Klan.

D) failed to pass a resolution condemning the Ku Klux Klan.

Although the South lost the Civil War, it was possible that the South would gain power in Congress when readmitted to the Union because... A) southern congressmen could use the threat of secession to intimidate northern representatives. B) southern congressmen would chair the key congressional committees. C) the number of southern states had increased. D) for purposes of congressional representation African Americans would count as a full person rather than as three-fifths of a person.

D) for purposes of congressional representation African Americans would count as a full person rather than as three-fifths of a person.

Many employers cut wage costs in the late 19th century by... A) eliminating pension plans. B) hiring skilled workers. C) eliminating health insurance plans. D) hiring women and children.

D) hiring women and children.

After the Civil War, the main purpose of the Ku Klux Klan in the South was to... A) persecute African Americans. B) close integrated schools. C) maintain law and order. D) intimidate Republicans.

D) intimidate Republicans.

Progressive historian Charles Beard advanced the idea that the American Constitution... A) was never intended to serve a special-interest group, but was written for all Americans regardless of race, sex, or creed. B) was written by ordinary farmers to protect them from the greed and selfishness of the wealthy and the powerful. C) is a sacred document that must be interpreted and applied in accordance with the original intent of the founders. D) is a flexible document, subject to growth and change.

D) is a flexible document, subject to growth and change.

The journalists who exposed the wrongs of American society during the Progressive era were known as... A) abolitionists. B) know-nothings. C) stand-patters. D) muckrakers.

D) muckrakers.

When James Meredith attempted to attend the University of Mississippi as that institution's first African American student, President Kennedy... A) stood by helplessly while Governor Barnett ordered the university closed. B) urged Meredith to attend a northern university instead. C) prevented riots by quietly negotiating with the Governor of Mississippi and university officials. D) ordered federal marshals to protect him.

D) ordered federal marshals to protect him.

In running for the presidency in 1968, Richard Nixon... A) criticized the containment doctrine. B) called for an end to the welfare state. C) pledged to halt the rise in African American unemployment by offering job-training programs in inner-city neighborhoods. D) promised to end the war in Vietnam.

D) promised to end the war in Vietnam.

During the Second World War, the personal income of most American workers... A) declined in real terms because of higher taxes. B) increased, but was eaten up by the high rate of inflation. C) was lower than that of workers in other industrialized nations. D) reached new highs.

D) reached new highs.

The Tet Offensive in Vietnam in January 1968 led to... A) the Communist occupation and control of Saigon for a temporary period. B) a renewed determination in the United States to support President Johnson's war policies. C) a wave of South Vietnamese support for American troops. D) recognition by top presidential advisers that further escalation of the war would not bring victory.

D) recognition by top presidential advisers that further escalation of the war would not bring victory.

In the 1870's, the southern states began to enact poll taxes to... A) raise revenue for public schools. B) provide public funds for state political campaigns. C) pay off Civil War debts. D) reduce the political power of African Americans.

D) reduce the political power of African Americans.

The diplomatic records of the immediate postwar years show that... A) Secretary of War Stimson favored using the atomic bomb in Eastern Europe. B) the Soviets had no desire to develop an atomic bomb of their own. C) American possession of the atomic bomb was never directly mentioned in diplomatic discussions. D) some American officials believed that the U.S. could deter Soviet expansion by using the atomic bomb as a bargaining tool.

D) some American officials believed that the U.S. could deter Soviet expansion by using the atomic bomb as a bargaining tool.

Oliver North, William Casey, and John Poindexter used money from the Iran arms deal to... A) bribe members of the Sandinista government. B) buy the release of American hostages in Lebanon. C) provide economic aid to El Salvador. D) subvert the will of Congress by providing funds to aid the contras in Nicaragua.

D) subvert the will of Congress by providing funds to aid the contras in Nicaragua.

As president, Ronald Reagan pleased the New Right by... A) imposing sanctions against South Africa. B) supporting legislation to end television advertising by tobacco companies. C) supporting environmental-protection legislation designed to promote conservation and preservation of the nation's natural resources. D) supporting prayer in public schools.

D) supporting prayer in public schools.

In his vision of the Great Society, President Johnson believed... A) it was better to provide public-works jobs to the unemployed than to provide job-training programs. B) he could rely primarily on economic growth to solve the problem of poverty. C) it was the responsibility of the government to provide every American with a guaranteed annual income. D) that the government should work actively to improve the lives of Americans.

D) that the government should work actively to improve the lives of Americans.

Congressmen who favored vigorous Reconstruction measures held that... A) although particular southerners had erred, the Union itself had endured through the Civil War. B) the Reconstruction process outlined in the Constitution should be closely followed. C) the president had sole responsibility for Reconstruction. D) the Confederate states, by seceding and making war against the United States, lost their status as states and should now be treated as conquered territories.

D) the Confederate states, by seceding and making war against the United States, lost their status as states and should now be treated as conquered territories.

The principle of "plausible deniability" holds that... A) nonaligned Third World nations should not receive foreign aid from the United States unless those nations can "plausibly" deny an affiliation with the Soviet Union. B) the president of the United States us the chief instrument of American foreign policy and, as such, may deny Congress a role in foreign-policy decisions. C) Congress should reassert itself in the making of foreign policy by denying foreign-aid money to nondemocratic nations. D) the covert activities of the CIA should be planned and executed in a way that the president can deny knowledge of them.

D) the covert activities of the CIA should be planned and executed in a way that the president can deny knowledge of them.

The major reason for the disintegration of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War in the late 1980's was... A) Ronald Reagan's launching of the Strategic Defense Initiative. B) a major nuclear power plant disaster in the Soviet Union that virtually destroyed the Soviet economy. C) a chain of industrial failures in Soviet client states initiated by American covert actions undertaken by the CIA on orders from President Reagan. D) the rise to power of Mikhail Gorbachev.

D) the rise to power of Mikhail Gorbachev.

The Manhattan Project refers to... A) Allied plans to rescue the inmates of German concentration camps. B) the project to decipher Japan's diplomatic code. C) the plan of the United States government to defend New York in the event of enemy attack. D) the secret plan to build an atomic bomb.

D) the secret plan to build an atomic bomb.

The annexation of the Hawaiian Islands was preceded by... A) a request for such action by Queen Liliuokalani. B) the discovery by the State Department that the Japanese living on the islands were preparing for the annexation of the islands by Japan. C) a revolution in which all commercial activities were forced out of the islands. D) the seizure of the government, which was plotted by American planters and carried out with U.S. Navy assistance.

D) the seizure of the government, which was plotted by American planters and carried out with U.S. Navy assistance.

In decisions handed down in 1884 and 1886, the Supreme Court held that Indians... A) could have their own independent military force to protect their reservations against white encroachment. B) could not be relegated to reservations against their will. C) were protected by the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments. D) were not citizens of the United States.

D) were not citizens of the United States.

Under Frederick W. Taylor's theory of scientific management, A) workers' skills came to be valued more highly. B) workers increasingly controlled the pace and scale of production. C) workers were encouraged to shift frequently from one task to another. D) workers became another kind of interchangeable part.

D) workers became another kind of interchangeable part.