History 1302 Unit 3 Exam
Less than a month before the surrender of Germany: -President Roosevelt died in office. -President Roosevelt lost his reelection bid. -atomic bombs were dropped on Japan. -Hitler was captured by advancing Allied forces. -the war in Asia ended with the Japanese surrender.
President Roosevelt died in office.
What was the significance of the use of atomic bombs against Japan? -They prevented the Soviets from entering the war in Asia. -They allowed the Americans to avoid an amphibious invasion of Japan. -They killed the Japanese emperor and paved the way for surrender. -They shocked Germany into surrendering before facing the same fate. -They rendered the entire island of Honshu uninhabitable for twenty-three years.
They allowed the Americans to avoid an amphibious invasion of Japan.
During the 1948 presidential campaign, Truman endorsed all of the following EXCEPT: -abolishing Social Security. -black civil rights. -public housing. -federal aid to education. -national health insurance.
abolishing Social Security.
By 1960, about 65 percent of Americans: -prayed. -belonged to a church. -read the Bible. -believed in God. -believed in evolution.
belonged to a church.
The bracero program: -sought to mobilize Indian reservations in support of the American war effort. -was a reaction to the zoot-suit riots. -led to the forced evacuation of more than 100,000 Japanese Americans. -allowed most recent immigrants to join the American armed services after a thorough background check. -brought some 200,000 Mexican farm workers into the western United States.
brought some 200,000 Mexican farm workers into the western United States.
One of Truman's great strengths as he assumed the presidency was his: -tremendous personal charisma and oratorical ability. - determined, decisive character. -willingness to work with Republicans. - elite upbringing and connections. - years of experience as vice president.
determined, decisive character.
Alan Freed was a notable: -record company owner. -songwriter. -disc jockey. -musician. -record producer.
disc jockey.
War relocation camps: -housed more than 120,000 Japanese Americans during the war. -served as the German euphemism for Nazi concentration camps. -were actually prisoner-of-war camps for captured Germans. -were the bases that housed American servicemen before they were sent to the front lines. -helped the families of American servicemen cope with the absence of husbands and fathers.
housed more than 120,000 Japanese Americans during the war.
After the war, Americans were most eager to: -work overtime. -travel. -purchase. -pursue education. -save.
purchase.
Jack Kerouac wrote on what topic? -literary criticism -satire -short stories -the Beats -travel books
the Beats
Houses in Levittown in the early 1950s all sold for just under: -$20,000. -$50,000. -$100,000. -$10,000. -$1,000.
$10,000.
Since the nineteenth century, Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia had been ruled by: -themselves. -Great Britain. -Japan. -China. -France.
France.
During the presidential election of 1944: -Republican Wendell Willkie opposed Democrat Franklin Roosevelt. -Franklin Roosevelt won a fourth term as president. -Harry Truman was elected president. -Franklin Roosevelt was defeated in his run for a fourth term as president. -in light of his health problems and progress toward winning the war, Franklin Roosevelt chose not to run for a fourth term.
Franklin Roosevelt won a fourth term as president.
The secretary of state who devised the plan of massive economic recovery aid to Europe was: - George Kennan. -Averell Harriman. -Dean Acheson. -James F. Byrnes. - George Marshall.
George Marshall.
In early 1942, the biggest challenge the United States faced in the Atlantic was: -German blitzkrieg. -German espionage. -German aircraft carrier attacks. -German American disloyalty. -German submarine warfare.
German submarine warfare.
Following the Pearl Harbor attack: -Franklin Roosevelt resigned the presidency. -Germany and Italy also declared war on the United States. -the United States avoided involvement in the European conflict. -American isolationism increased. -a congressional resolution for war passed unanimously.
Germany and Italy also declared war on the United States.
How did Germany respond to Italy's decision to switch sides in September 1943? -Germany abandoned Italy and focused on defending France. -Hitler had Mussolini assassinated. -Germany slowed the Allied advance by pouring its own reinforcements into Italy. -Hitler offered to surrender to the Allies with conditions. -Germany diverted its former Italian forces to fight the Soviets.
Germany slowed the Allied advance by pouring its own reinforcements into Italy.
All of the following were original North Atlantic Treaty Organization members EXCEPT: -France. -Britain. -Canada. -Japan. -the United States.
Japan.
When Soviet forces reentered Poland in 1944, they created a puppet Communist regime in: -Kraków. -Rabka- Zdrój. -Lublin. -Warsaw. -Lodz
Lublin.
In which state was the first Levittown located? -New York -Arizona -California -Massachusetts -Maryland
New York
The 1946 congressional elections resulted in: -a public vote of confidence in Truman. -Truman's adoption of cold war policies. -a decline in partisan divisions. -Republican control of Congress. -the end of the New Deal.
Republican control of Congress.
During the presidential election of 1936: -African Americans voted overwhelmingly Republican for the first time since Reconstruction. -Republicans won most of the western farm vote and almost upset Roosevelt. -Socialist and Communist candidates together received more than 2 million votes. -Roosevelt's illness put vice-presidential candidate Harry Truman in the spotlight. -Republicans hoped that third-party candidates might split the Democratic vote and throw the election to them.
Republicans hoped that third-party candidates might split the Democratic vote and throw the election to them.
Which statement best describes the Allied invasion against Sicily in July 1943? -The fight for Sicily became the first outright defeat for the Allied war effort. -The well-fortified island proved too difficult for the Allies to capture. -The Allies captured Mussolini and forced him to surrender. -The fight for Sicily became known as "the Mediterranean's Okinawa." -Sicily fell quickly after the Allied surprise landing.
Sicily fell quickly after the Allied surprise landing.
When North Korea attacked South Korea, Truman concluded that: -it was a good excuse to attack China. -he should bypass the United Nations. -South Korea could not be saved. -Stalin and the Soviets were behind it. -it was grounds to start World War III.
Stalin and the Soviets were behind it.
Prime Minister Churchill worried that if the Red Army arrived in Berlin first: -they would control it with the United States. -Truman would control the postwar map of Europe. -Lenin would control the postwar map of Europe. -Stalin would control the postwar map of Europe. -Stalin would declare victory.
Stalin would control the postwar map of Europe.
What helped the Allies gain the advantage in the Battle of the Atlantic? -The Allies bypassed the Atlantic to confront the Germans directly in Europe. -The Allies utilized aerial precision bombing of German targets. -The Allied aircraft carrier superiority countered the German U-boat advantage. -The Allies decoded German messages that indicated where the U-boats were. -The Allies had a submarine advantage over the Germans.
The Allies decoded German messages that indicated where the U-boats were.
What was the most significant consequence of the Battle of Leyte Gulf? -The Chinese earned their first substantive victory against the Japanese. -The Japanese lost most of their remaining sea power and ability to defend the Philippines. -Germany entered the war in the Pacific and fought alongside Japan. -The Allied forces secured a foothold on the Japanese home islands. -This Japanese surprise victory caused Allied losses so severe it nearly ended the war.
The Japanese lost most of their remaining sea power and ability to defend the Philippines.
The second-place finisher in the 1948 election was: -George Marshall. -Thomas Dewey. -Strom Thurmond. -Harry Truman. -Henry Wallace.
Thomas Dewey.
As the 1948 election approached: -the economy slid into a recession. -Truman seemed to be in deep political trouble. -Democrats were strongly united. -relations with the Soviets were clearly improving. -Truman seemed reluctant to run for reelection.
Truman seemed to be in deep political trouble.
The 1948 election is probably best remembered for: -the new use of polls and television. -the racism of the Dixiecrats. -Dewey's energetic campaign. -Truman's upset victory. - the poor showing of Henry Wallace.
Truman's upset victory.
What agency was created to direct industrial conversion to war production? -War Production Board -Office of Scientific Research and Development -Office of War Information -Treasury Department -Commerce Department
War Production Board
After dropping two atomic bombs on Japan, the United States: -launched the amphibious invasion of Japan, the final operation of World War II. -accepted Japan's unconditional surrender. -returned its attention to fighting the war in Europe. -dropped a third on Tokyo to force the Japanese surrender. -accepted Japan's surrender, albeit with the condition that the emperor could keep his throne.
accepted Japan's surrender, albeit with the condition that the emperor could keep his throne.
At the Casablanca Conference, Roosevelt and Churchill agreed to all of the following EXCEPT: -an assault on Sicily and Italy. -the stepped-up bombing of Germany. -increased shipments of military supplies to the Soviet Union. -a demand for the unconditional surrender of their enemies. -an immediate launching of a cross channel invasion into France.
an immediate launching of a cross channel invasion into France.
With the end of World War II, Korea: -was invaded by the Soviets. -became divided into northern and southern halves. -was left under the control of Japan. -quickly emerged as a regional power. -was under joint American and British occupation.
became divided into northern and southern halves.
In regard to Israel's founding in 1948, the United States: -supported its Arab neighbors. -sent troops there to maintain peace in the Middle East. -became the first country to recognize the Jewish state. -opposed the British departure from Palestine. -took no official stance.
became the first country to recognize the Jewish state.
President Truman vetoed the McCarran Internal Security Act: -to shore up his popularity ratings. -because he felt it promoted thought control. -because a Republican Congress had passed it. -because he knew there were no Communist spies in the United States. -to protect some Communist friends.
because he felt it promoted thought control.
While college enrollments soared in the postwar period: -few students were able to finish and earn a degree. -student debt became a major problem. -campuses became hotbeds of student protest and misbehavior. -black veterans encountered barriers to entrance. -most professors were dull and uninspiring.
black veterans encountered barriers to entrance.
Elvis Presley's recordings: -appealed equally to all ages and generations. -are best remembered for his guitar and piano playing. -were never very commercially successful. -blended a variety of musical styles. -truly promoted "a pagan concept of life."
blended a variety of musical styles.
One of rock and roll's most important contributions was to: -boost the popularity of radios. -bridge class and racial divisions. -encourage new interest in dancing. -spur manufacture of electric instruments. -give kids an outlet for excess energy.
bridge class and racial divisions.
Following the defeat of Germany: -the Allies established a unified liberal democratic government with its capital in Berlin. -Franklin Roosevelt died in office. -Hitler was executed after his conviction of war crimes. -the Prussian monarchy was restored to the German throne. -came the shocking realization of the full extent of the Holocaust.
came the shocking realization of the full extent of the Holocaust.
The postwar economic boom was fueled mainly by: -cold war-related military spending. -trade with Europe and Japan. -the work ethic of the American population. -new inventions. -a massive government jobs program.
cold war-related military spending.
The Potsdam Declaration: -demanded that Japan surrender or face "prompt and utter destruction." -presented Japan's terms for surrendering to the Allied powers. -accepted the Japanese surrender and allowed the emperor to remain on the throne "subordinate to the authority of the Allied occupation." -threatened that Hiroshima and Nagasaki faced an "atomic holocaust" if Japan did not surrender. -is the formal name for the Soviet Union's declaration of war against Japan.
demanded that Japan surrender or face "prompt and utter destruction."
By the mid-1950s, an increasing number of workers: -worked in small businesses. -were discontented and rebellious. -did mental rather than physical labor. -were self-employed. -were industrial wage laborers.
did mental rather than physical labor.
Permanent members of the United Nations Security Council: -meet every two years. -do not participate in the General Assembly. -each have veto power over major UN decisions. -now include Germany and Japan. -periodically rotate so that new countries participate.
each have veto power over major UN decisions.
Many critics of American life in the 1950s believed that middle-class society suffered from: -lack of leisure time and recreation. -an absence of stable families. -declining purchasing power. -excessive conformity. -declining sexual morality.
excessive conformity.
On the domestic front, President Truman soon made clear his intention to: -balance the budget. -dramatically reduce government spending. -end the Depression. -expand the New Deal. -cut taxes.
expand the New Deal.
The youthful rebels known as the Beats: -favored road trips, Buddhism, and jazz. -formed their own political party. -were based primarily in Los Angeles. -numbered about 1 million. -preferred country living to urban living.
favored road trips, Buddhism, and jazz.
Soviet and Communist activities in regard to Turkey and Greece were intended to: -free those countries from dictatorships. -gain the Soviets access to the Mediterranean. -provoke a war with the Americans and the British. -inspire Russian patriotic feeling. -gain the rich natural resources of those countries.
gain the Soviets access to the Mediterranean.
With the end of World War II, women workers were encouraged to: -upgrade their job skills through technical training or college. -stay single. -give up their jobs to returning veterans. -limit family sizes. -work longer hours.
give up their jobs to returning veterans.
All of the following are true of Harry Truman EXCEPT that he: -personally suffered by contrast to Franklin Roosevelt when he became president. -had an Ivy League education. -was an artillery officer in World War I. -was a partner in a clothing business. -served as a senator from Missouri.
had an Ivy League education.
Life magazine's ideal woman of the mid-1950s was: -an equal partner with her husband. -career-oriented. -able to juggle home and career. -educated and single. -having babies.
having babies.
A major economic problem President Truman faced immediately after the war was: -food shortages. -the return of high unemployment. -declining birthrates that lowered consumer demand. -high rates of inflation. -the weakness of organized labor.
high rates of inflation.
During the 1948 campaign, the Dixiecrats did all of the following EXCEPT: -wave Confederate flags. -carry several southern states. -support Strom Thurmond for president. -influence Truman to slow down on civil rights. -support states' rights and segregation.
influence Truman to slow down on civil rights.
In June 1941, Germany widened the war by: -invading Britain. -declaring war on the United States. -attacking Spain. -invading the Soviet Union. -declaring war on Poland.
invading the Soviet Union.
Truman's response to the Soviet blockade of West Berlin in 1948 was to: -divide the rest of Germany into occupation zones. -mass American troops on the Soviet border. -launch a massive airlift of supplies into West Berlin. -get the United Nations to officially protest. -meet with Stalin to diplomatically resolve the crisis.
launch a massive airlift of supplies into West Berlin.
The mobilization of women in the labor force during World War II: -only impacted minorities and immigrants. -occurred in all Allied nations except in the United States. -did not include women serving in the armed forces. -has been greatly exaggerated and distorted beyond its real significance. -led to a significant increase of American women joining the labor force.
led to a significant increase of American women joining the labor force.
Truman viewed his victory as a mandate for: -bipartisanship. -the status quo. -liberalism. -thoughtful conservatism. -socialism.
liberalism
Following the declaration of war: -all men and women between the ages of eighteen and forty-five were drafted. -a surge of volunteerism allowed the repeal of the Selective Service Act to end the draft. -men between the ages of eighteen and forty-five were drafted. -the draft was enacted for the first time in American history. -women between the ages of eighteen and forty-five were drafted, while men were exempt from the draft due to an excess of volunteers.
men between the ages of eighteen and forty-five were drafted.
Suburban growth was spurred by all of the following EXCEPT: -federally insured loans. -veterans' benefits. -increases in car ownership. -new construction of mass public transportation. -highway construction.
new construction of mass public transportation.
Blacks who moved to northern cities found: -an inability to vote. -quality public housing. -new problems and forms of exploitation. -acceptance and respect. -middle-class status.
new problems and forms of exploitation.
The Soviet acquisition of the atomic bomb in 1949 inspired Truman to: -arm American submarines with nuclear missiles. -arrange a summit conference with Stalin. -order the resumption of the military draft. -see the folly of the nuclear-arms race. -order the development of a hydrogen bomb.
order the development of a hydrogen bomb.
The GI Bill did all of the following EXCEPT: -provide educational benefits for veterans. -provide medical treatment for veterans. -provide housing loans for veterans. -pay veterans large bonuses to remain in the military. -help prevent a postwar depression.
pay veterans large bonuses to remain in the military.
In The Affluent Society, John Kenneth Galbraith pointed out the: -persistence of poverty. -infallibility of the marketplace. -benefits of limited government. -economic value of the cold war. -environmental costs of prosperity.
persistence of poverty.
The Yalta pledges of democratic elections in Eastern Europe: -were fully backed by American military power. -were postponed for two years after the end of the war. -proved to be meaningless. -were not in the national interests of the United States. -were honored by Stalin.
proved to be meaningless.
One major reason that World War II inspired postwar changes in race relations was the: -end it brought to the Depression. -lessons in equality American soldiers learned from Europeans. -number of northerners it inspired to move to the South. -racist nature of the enemies of the United States. - greater number of people receiving higher education.
racist nature of the enemies of the United States.
At the Yalta Conference of 1945, the Allies did all of the following EXCEPT: -call for a conference to create a new world security organization. -agree to Soviet territorial demands in Eastern Europe. -restore the original Polish government to power in Poland. -reaffirm the principles of the Atlantic Charter. -make arrangements for the postwar governance of Germany.
restore the original Polish government to power in Poland.
The music Alan Freed labeled "rock and roll" was actually: -rhythm and blues. -jazz. -pop. -big band swing. -gospel.
rhythm and blues.
Many concerned observers blamed teen delinquency on: -cars. -smoking. -petting. -rock and roll. -drugs.
rock and roll.
State Department official George Kennan: -said the United States should be willing to bomb the Russians. -urged the use of military force to liberate Eastern Europe. -said the United States should abandon Europe and focus on the defense of the Western Hemisphere. -predicted that the wartime alliance between the United States and the Soviets would continue. -said the United States should contain Soviet expansionist tendencies.
said the United States should contain Soviet expansionist tendencies.
The Office of Price Administration: -set price ceilings and directed the rationing of all goods and items for sale in the wartime economy. -lacked any authority to set consumer prices or ration any items. -was designed to raise consumer prices. -set price ceilings on highly demanded items such as tires, sugar, and gasoline. -was designed to combat the serious wartime deflation.
set price ceilings on highly demanded items such as tires, sugar, and gasoline.
As president, Eisenhower reverted to the nineteenth-century view that Congress: -should make policy, and the president should carry it out. -has no power over the budget. -should declare war whenever it desires. -be in charge of foreign policy. -should ask the president for money.
should make policy, and the president should carry it out.
In the Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, decision, the Supreme Court: -recognized the high quality of black schools in the South. -struck down "separate but equal" in public education. -ordered an immediate end to Jim Crow segregation. -rejected the legal arguments of the National -Association for the Advancement of Color People. was closely divided.
struck down "separate but equal" in public education.
By late 1942, the United States effectively countered German advantages in the Atlantic with what strategic response? -aerial bombardment -espionage -dropping the atomic bomb -subchasers -cross channel invasion
subchasers
Elvis was especially controversial because of his: -identity as an atheist. -suggestive gyrations on stage. -scandalous sex life. -fondness for Beat poetry. -rude manner toward adults.
suggestive gyrations on stage.
All of the following were established by the National Security Act of 1947 EXCEPT: -the Office of Homeland Security. - the Air Force. - a permanent Joint Chiefs of Staff. - the National Security Council. - the Central Intelligence Agency.
the Office of Homeland Security.
The country that suffered the most deaths in the fighting of World War II was: -Japan. -the Soviet Union. -Britain. -Germany. -the United States.
the Soviet Union.
In early 1950, Senator Joseph McCarthy claimed to have a list of Communists in: -the FBI. -the White House. -the movie industry. -the State Department. -Congress.
the State Department.
Senator Joseph McCarthy's power began to unravel when he made reckless charges about Communist influence in: -the U.S. Army. -Ivy League colleges. -the Democratic party. -the media. -the Eisenhower administration.
the U.S. Army.
When North Korean Communists invaded South Korea: - Truman persuaded Congress to declare war on North Korea. - Stalin told the North Koreans to stop their aggression. - the United Nations authorized military intervention against the aggressors. - South Korean forces initially repulsed the invaders. - the Soviets used their Security Council veto to prevent United Nations action.
the United Nations authorized military intervention against the aggressors.
All of the following countries were physically devastated during World War II EXCEPT: -Germany. -France. -Japan. -Great Britain. -the United States.
the United States.
The Atlantic Charter included all the following principles EXCEPT: -self-determination for all peoples. -a new system of international security. -economic cooperation. -freedom of the seas. -the elimination of communism.
the elimination of communism.
Before becoming president, Eisenhower was most shaped by his experience in: -business. -law. -politics. -the military. -higher education.
the military.
In 1948, President Truman desegregated: -defense industries. -public transportation. -public schools. -Washington, D.C. -the military.
the military.
From late 1941 into early 1942, during World War II in the Pacific: -the Japanese in the Philippines surrendered to General Douglas MacArthur. -there was a succession of Japanese victories that saw numerous Allied outposts fall. -China finally surrendered to Japan. -the Japanese invaded and captured Australia. -there was a string of American victories that put Japan on the defensive.
there was a succession of Japanese victories that saw numerous Allied outposts fall.
When confronted with a railroad strike in 1946, President Truman's response was to: -threaten to draft the strikers. -declare martial law. -break the strike with unemployed veterans. -freeze transportation and energy prices. -say government had no role in labor-management disputes.
threaten to draft the strikers.
Truman fired MacArthur: -for reasons that are still unknown. -for incompetence. -because of party politics. -because he never liked him personally. -to preserve civilian control of the military.
to preserve civilian control of the military.
When the U-2 spy plane was shot down over Russia, Eisenhower first: -tried to cover it up. -worked hard to secure the release of Gary Powers. -blamed China. -blamed the CIA. -admitted the plane was a spy plane.
tried to cover it up.
By the 1950s, suburban life was marked by an increasing: -cultural innovation. -uniformity. -economic stagnation. -intellectual excitement. -diversity.
uniformity.
The Atlantic Charter: -advocated expanding the war in Europe to fight communism. -reaffirmed American neutrality in the wars in Europe and Asia. -is another name for the American declaration of war against Germany. -was voted down by Congress. -was a joint British-American statement of anti-Axis war aims.
was a joint British-American statement of anti-Axis war aims.
The American assault on Okinawa: -failed at great loss of life for the U.S. forces. -resulted in the surrender of the Japanese Imperial Army. -prompted the emperor to give up his throne. -was postponed with the development of the atomic bomb. -was a success, but with tremendous loss of life for both the United States and Japan.
was a success, but with tremendous loss of life for both the United States and Japan.
By and large, Truman's Fair Deal proposals: -would revolutionize American life. -were thwarted by a conservative coalition in Congress. -were enacted. -would wipe out the New Deal. -disappointed most Democrats.
were thwarted by a conservative coalition in Congress.
The nation's suburban population by 1970 was overwhelmingly: -Democratic. -white. -upper class. -in the Northeast. -elderly.
white.
Operation Overlord is also known as: -D-7. -V-day. -Armistice Day. -D-day. -Pearl Harbor Day.
D-day.
By the spring of 1945, the United States and Britain were becoming deeply concerned over Soviet actions in: -Western Europe. -Latin America. -east Asia. -Eastern Europe. -the Middle East.
Eastern Europe.
Adlai Stevenson was: -secretary of state for most of Eisenhower's presidency. -a leader unusually skilled in communicating with common people. -a senator revealed by Joseph McCarthy to be a Communist. -Eisenhower's opponent for president in both 1952 and 1956. -appointed by Eisenhower to be chief justice of the Supreme Court.
Eisenhower's opponent for president in both 1952 and 1956.
The Marco Polo Bridge incident brought Japan to war against what country? -the Soviet Union -the United States -Korea -Britain -China
China
The United States experienced a shock in 1949 when Communists took over: -Taiwan. -Cuba. -Korea. -China. -Vietnam.
China.
"D-day" refers to the: -joint American-Russian effort to free Poland. -Allied invasion of North Africa. -Allied invasion at Normandy. -day the atomic bombs were to be dropped on Japan. -top-secret work of American cryptanalysts (code breakers).
Allied invasion at Normandy.
What did the governments of Italy and Germany have in common by the 1930s? -Both had established communist forms of government. -Both had thriving liberal democracies. -Both had strong monarchies. -Both went to war with the United States. -Both had established fascist forms of government.
Both had established fascist forms of government.
Baseball was integrated in 1947 when Jackie Robinson played for the: -St. Louis Cardinals. -New York Yankees. -Boston Red Sox. -Chicago Cubs. -Brooklyn Dodgers.
Brooklyn Dodgers.
