History

Which sentence proves that the temperature is increasing each year?

"It was the third record-warm year in a row."

Which piece of evidence suggests that the most useful air samples come from isolated environments?

"The Arctic is important because there's not as much development" as elsewhere in the world, Thomas says.

Which section of the article explains HOW people have contributed to climate change?

"What Is Causing Earth's Climate To Change?"

According to this video, how much water is said to exist on Earth?

1.4 billion cubic kilometers

When did Earth's current warming trend begin?

100 years ago because of fossil fuel use during the Industrial Revolution

When was the Last Glacial Maximum (commonly known as the "Ice Age")?

20,000 years ago

The secondary pollutant(s) associated with photochemical smog that cause both eye irritation and potential lung damage is/are:

Ozone and PANs

How much is sea level expected to rise by the year 2100?

30-100 cm

Based on the section "Is Earth's Climate Changing?" which of the following statements is TRUE?

A very small increase in average temperature over a long period can lead to big changes on Earth.

Which detail from the article BEST supports the idea that humans contribute to climate change?

According to the U.S. Climate Change Science Program, things like aerosols — particles that cool the air such as hairsprays or some cleaners — or changes in land use may play important roles in climate change.

Common sources of volatile organic compounds include:

All answers are correct

Read the following sentence from the section "Is Earth's Climate Changing?" But small changes in Earth's average temperature can lead to big impacts. Which of the following versions of the sentence creates a more alarming tone by replacing the word "big" in the sentence?

But small changes in Earth's average temperature can lead to STAGGERING impacts.

Which of the following sentences from the article BEST develops a central idea?

By burning coal, oil and natural gas, we accelerate the process, releasing vast amounts of carbon that took millions of years to accumulate into the atmosphere every year.

How do scientists know what CO2 levels were in the past?

By measuring air bubbles trapped in ice sheets

Which option provides an accurate and objective summary of the article?

Carbon is essential to life on Earth, but an imbalance of carbon in the atmosphere can have effects on the Earth's climate. Carbon is absorbed, released and balanced by the slow and fast carbon cycles. Human activity has disrupted these carbon cycles.

Which of the following statements accurately represents the relationship between the article's central ideas?

Carbon is released, absorbed and balanced through two processes: the slow and fast carbon cycles; human behavior, including carbon emissions, have disrupted these two cycles, leading to increased carbon levels in the atmosphere.

Which of the following are MAIN ideas of the article?

Carbon shifts from one area to others through the slow and fast carbon cycles. AND Human behavior has led to increased carbon levels in the atmosphere.

Which piece of evidence BEST explains the cause of the greenhouse effect?

Certain gases in the atmosphere block heat from escaping. Some gases remain in the atmosphere for a long time and do not respond physically or chemically to changes in temperature.

Which selection from the article helps the reader understand the impact of global warming?

Climate affects the crops we grow. It affects the kinds of buildings that we build.

How is climate different than weather?

Climate is the weather over long periods of time. Weather can change every day

The burning of which fuel is the main source of industrial smog?

Coal

A ___________ haze is associated with industrial smog, while a ___________ haze is associated with photochemical smog.

Gray, yellowish

Which question is answered in the section "Why Study Climate?"

How do rising global temperatures affect the world?

Which idea is BEST supported by the 2nd to last paragraph of the section "Changes In The Carbon Cycle"?

Human activity disrupts the carbon cycle by increasing the amount of carbon in the atmosphere.

Which sentence would be MOST important to include in an objective summary of the article?

Human activity is much more impactful to carbon levels in the atmosphere than volcano eruptions are.

What is the MAIN idea of the section "Changes In The Carbon Cycle?"

Humans have done things that changed the carbon cycle.

Which statement BEST supports why there has been a recent increase in the amount of carbon in the atmosphere?

Humans release more carbon into the atmosphere than is processed through the carbon cycle.

Which statement would be MOST important to include in a summary of the article?

If it is not disturbed, the two carbon cycles are able to balance out how much carbon is in the atmosphere.

Which of the following selections from the article BEST highlights the likely cause of climate change?

In its Fifth Assessment Report, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, a group of 1,300 independent scientific experts from countries all over the world under the auspices of the United Nations, concluded there's a more than 95 percent probability that human activities over the past 50 years have warmed our planet.

Which section of the article gives information about what Earth's atmosphere does?

Introduction

Read the caption under the photo. According to this caption, what happened to the sea ice?

It broke into pieces.

Read the following paragraph. How does the paragraph below develop the idea that the earth is getting warmer? "In January, NOAA and NASA announced that 2016 was the hottest year on record. This marked the third year in a row that the global temperature record has been broken. Using data from tracking stations such as Barrow, scientists have determined that the planet's average temperature has risen about two degrees since the late 19th century. That's when scientists began making yearly calculations."

It describes the results gathered over many years about the rising global temperature.

Read the selection from the article.Since 1750, the average amount of energy coming from the sun either remained constant or increased slightly. If the warming were caused by a more active sun, then scientists would expect to see warmer temperatures in all layers of the atmosphere. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from this selection?

It is unlikely that changes in energy from the sun are the cause of climate change.

Read the following paragraph. "The difference between weather and climate is a measure of time. Weather is what conditions of the atmosphere are over a short period of time. Climate is how the atmosphere "behaves" over longer periods of time." How does this paragraph contribute to the development of the article's central idea?

It summarizes the relationship between climate and weather.

Based on information in the article, which of these statements is TRUE?

More water vapor in the atmosphere makes Earth warmer.

Which product of incomplete combustion gives photochemical smog its yellowish color?

Nitrous oxide

Based on information in the article, which of these statements is TRUE?

Plants release carbon when they die at the end of the season.

Read the summary below. Choose the answer that BEST completes the summary.Bryan Thomas is a scientist who studies air in the Arctic. His work shows that Earth is getting warmer.

Scientists like Thomas help us understand global warming.

Which of the following sentences from the article BEST shows that humans are directly contributing to increased carbon emissions?

Since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, when people first started burning fossil fuels, carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere have risen from about 280 parts per million to 387 parts per million, a 39 percent increase.

Select the sentence that explains why it is important to know the planet is getting warmer.

Temperature affects everything we do.

All four of the following details from the article help make the claim that Earth's climate is changing. Which of the following is the MOST reliable piece of evidence to support this claim?

The National Academy of Sciences, a leading scientific body in the U.S., determined that the Earth's surface temperature has risen by about 1 degree Fahrenheit in the past century, with accelerated warming during the past two decades.

Which of the following selections from the article BEST shows why all living things rely on carbon?

The bonds in the long carbon chains contain a lot of energy. When the chains break apart, the stored energy is released.

Which sentence BEST states a MAIN idea of the article?

The carbon cycle changes as Earth's climate changes.

Which of the following aspects of the article is NOT thoroughly discussed?

The effect of increased carbon levels on plant life.

According to the article, what is one thing that is happening because of the warming climate on Earth? *

The oceans are rising.

Based on the information in the article, which of these statements is TRUE?

The warmer temperatures are causing sea ice to melt, making it difficult for polar bears to hunt.

How was atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) different during the Last Glacial Maximum?

There was less CO2 in the atmosphere because it was absorbed by the ocean

What effect did CFCs have on the atmosphere?

They damaged the ozone layer.

How do fossil fuels affect the climate?

They increase the amount of carbon dioxide in the air, contributing to the greenhouse effect.

According to the article, Earth's climate can change. Which sentence explains one way to measure climate change?

They may look at how much water lakes have to see if an area was drier than normal.

According to the article, how do greenhouse gases make the planet warmer?

They prevent heat from escaping the atmosphere.

How do scientists think the Earth's climate will change in the future?

They think the average temperature will keep rising, even if temperatures occasionally fall for a year or two along the way.

Based on the article, how do scientists think the Earth's climate will change in the future?

They think the overall average temperature will continue to increase.

Which of the following sentences from the article describes climate change?

This means a change in Earth's average temperature.

Which detail from the article BEST supports the article's MAIN idea?

Today, changes in the carbon cycle are happening because of people.

Based on the article, how is clean energy related to climate change?

Using clean energy can reduce the creation of greenhouse gases that contribute to climate change.

"Thermal expansion is the tendency for matter to change its ______________ in response to temperature"

VolumeFinish the sentence: When you increase the temperature of a liquid, the particles in the liquid ... move faster.

Select the sentence from the section that BEST shows the effects that global warming could have on the planet.

Warmer conditions will probably lead to more rain and snow overall.

Which selection explains WHY the Earth's climate is getting warmer?

We burn coal and other things for energy. This creates greenhouse gases.

Choose the selection that explains WHY there are more greenhouse gases than there used to be

We know that the increase has come mainly from burning coal and other fossil fuels and from cutting down forests. And we know that as a result, the planet is warming and the climate is changing.

Which of the following sentences from the article include central ideas of the article?

We need carbon, but that need is also connected with one of our most serious problems: global climate change. AND Carbon takes 100 million to 200 million years to move between rocks, soil, ocean and atmosphere in the slow carbon cycle.

Which question is answered in paragraph 2?

What does the greenhouse effect do?

Which section of the article highlights the idea that scientists are using technology to track climate change?

Why Study Climate?

Read the following paragraph. "Volcanoes add carbon to the air. That makes it hotter. This leads to more rain. The rain breaks down more rock, which will eventually put more carbon on the ocean floor." Which question is answered in this paragraph?

Why do volcanic eruptions make the Earth hotter?

Is the first paragraph of the article an effective way to engage readers on the topic of weather and climate? Why or why not?

Yes, because it answers the question posed in the title of the article. to explain the causes of changing climates and how scientists are measuring them on a global scale

Read about the gases that contribute to the greenhouse effect. Why is CO2 an important gas?

because it is released by many things

What is the MAIN reason why greenhouse gases make Earth warmer?

because they don't allow heat to escape the atmosphere

How does the article develop explanations for the causes of climate change?

by listing and detailing specific factors that contribute to climate change

Read the following paragraphs. "Earth has been getting warmer over the past 100 years. Its average temperature has gone up around 1 degree Fahrenheit. The warming has gotten faster over the past 20 years. There is new evidence that most of the warming over the last 50 years is caused by humans. Still, there is some debate about this. Human activities have created greenhouse gases. These gases trap heat, making the world hotter. Many different human activities may play important roles in climate change. For example, humans burn coal for energy. This creates more greenhouse gases. Which answer choice BEST describes the structure of these paragraphs?

cause and effect

Which of the following answer choices would BEST describe scientists' reaction to climate change over the years?

concerned by increasing temperatures and searching for ways to reduce the greenhouse effect

Read the following sentence from the section "What Can You Do To Help?" The more you know about how Earth's climate works, the more you'll be able to help solve problems related to climate change. Which of the following phrases has the same meaning as the word "related to" in the above sentence?

connected to

Complete the following sentence.The author mainly explains the importance of our current climate change by:

describing effects like ice melting, seasonal changes and stronger storms.

Read the last paragraph. "What information do you get from this section?

examples of information that satellites collect

What is the BEST way to describe the tone in the last paragraph of the article? What evidence leads you to this answer?

hopeful: you'll be able to help solve problems

Read the section "What Is The Difference Between Weather And Climate?" Fill in the blank. Climate is_______.

measured over long periods of time.

Read the sentence from the section "What Is Being Done About Climate Change?" Also, many countries are taking steps to cut back greenhouse gases. Which of the following words could replace the phrase "cut back" in the sentence without changing the meaning of the sentence?

reduce

Read the section "What Is The Impact Of Earth's Warming Climate?" What does the word "impact" mean in this title?

result

Read the section "What Is The Difference Between Weather And Climate?" Which of the following phrases from the section BEST helps the reader understand how weather differs from climate?

short-term changes

According to the article, each of the following has contributed to climate change EXCEPT:

solar irradiance

According to the article, each of the following has contributed to climate change EXCEPT:

stronger hurricanes

Complete the sentence below. Overall, the article is organized around...

the cause of a scientist living in the Arctic and the effect of his research

What information contributes MOST to the organization of the section "What Weather Means."

the definitions and examples of weather and

Which of the following aspects of the article is NOT thoroughly discussed?

the responsibility of natural cycles and processes in climate change

What is the MAIN reason why the author includes the section "What Weather Means?"

to contrast weather and climate

What is the MOST LIKELY reason why the author included the information about scientific studies on changes in the sun?

to emphasize that it is unlikely that climate change is caused by changes in the sun

Why does the author include the information about snow-packed winters and earlier spring times in the introduction?

to give examples of how Earth's climate is changing that the reader will be able to relate to

What is one way people are trying to slow climate change?

using more clean energy from the sun, wind and water

What does the word "forecast" mean?

what someone thinks will happen in the future

Read the following paragraph. "First, it is very isolated. It is far from other busy towns and cities. Second, it is very natural. There are not too many businesses. There aren't many people, either. Third, strong breezes carry air to the Arctic. They blow in from far away. So the air is a good sample for the whole atmosphere." What information can the reader learn from reading this paragraph?

why air is studied in the Arctic

Global warming is introduced in what way?

with an assertion about most scientists' opinions on its cause