History Ch 1-13 (2017)-Exam
Which of the following best describes the casket inventions that did not become popular?
(Cement and artificial stone, Pottery ware, Wood and cement, Glass caskets, Basketry or wicker work and Cross shaped casket) 19 century
James Gray
*Who in Richmond, Virginia in the first half of the 19th century received the first American patent for a metallic coffin?
Gabriel Clauderus
17th century German physician who published a book in which he described his method of embalming without evisceration. The chemical he used was referred to as "Balsamic Spirit".
Coffin furniture began to take hold in America after
18th century
In what century did the old fashion coffin turn into the modern casket?
19th Century
Dutch funeral took place how many days after death?
3-4 days
C. Corpse, bearers, family, and friends.
A Christian procession was limited to
A. Epicureaus
A Roman philosopher who believed the body to be composed of atoms which disintegrate at death.
Kofinos
A. Greek meaning basket, coffer, or chest. The word coffin is derived from it.
Edwin Chadwick and The Poor Law Commissioners
Began to investigate the condition under which urban English workers lived, worked, and died.
During the 19th century, what was the door badge color for the old?
Black
During the 19th century, what was the door badge color for young adults?
Black and White
Which of the following was to provide protection from ghouls and grave robbers?
Burial Vaults
Which of the following best describes a burial case in the form of a human body, tapered from the shoulders to the head and from the shoulders to the feet?
Burial cases formerly used were pg.168
A. Groups of people who put money together to defray funeral costs.
Burial clubs
Burial in Woolen Act of 1666
C. Changes of shroud from linen to wool
3000 year journey around the sun
C. Circle of Necessity
Colonist did not stockpile caskets because
Cabinet and coffin makers were available locally
B. Concolmatio Mortis
Calling out of the dead.
Which of the following is a burial case in the square form, represents a jewel box or container for something valuable?
Casket suggest jewel box- pg. 168
B. The belief in which those whose souls are not perfectly cleaned undergo a process of cleansing before they can enter heaven.
Catholic doctrine of purgatory
Which of the following best describes a time period that relatives and friends would travel several days for a funeral?
Colonial Period
Marcello Malpighi
Considered to be the Father of Histology due to his use of the microscope in studying animal tissue. He Discovered capillary circulation in 1661.
In 1893, which of the following exhibited the most elaborate and outstanding funeral car of the 19th century?
Crane and Breed
Barbe
D. Long pleated arrangement of fine linen which resembled a beard. Required to wear by a widow during the Middle Ages.
Effigy
D. Was a wax death mask often made of deceased nobility as soon as possible after death.
C. Animal sacrifices were placed on the ship.
During the Viking burial:
Anthony van Leeuwenhoek
Dutch Microscopist c considered to be the Father of Bacteriology due to his discovery of bacteria in 1683.
What caused funerals to be simplified in later Colonial funerals.
Economic Conditions
Ba
Egyptian for the soul and element of the body.
B. Pollinctor or apothecary
Egyptian that made medicines (embalming chemical) and anointed the body with oils and spices which they prepared.
As commercial relations with England became stained by the ____________ there was a consequent reduction of trade between the colonists and the homeland.
Embargo
The use of gifts came to the Colonist from the
English Feudal Funerals
A. Wealthy Roman burial
Entombed in elaborate and costly tombs along the roads leading into the city:
In early New England, gravestones carried not only names and dates but ____________
Epitaphs
Which of the following was the Style "E" State casket utilized for their funeral, in 1885?
Ex- President U.S. Grant
Coffins were imported during the colonial period
False
The Ogee design was to improve burial cases of the round variety by reducing the excess space.
False it is the square variety not round pg 168
A. Constantine
First Christian Emperor of Rome
Which of the following is an airtight coffin of cast or raised metal?
Fisk Metallic Coffin
Which of the following received a patent for a "Refrigerator for Corpses" or a "Corpse Cooler"?
Fredrick and Trump
The Colonial Sextons were
Grave diggers and rang bells
Leonardo da Vinci
Great Italian Sculptor and painter who painted the Last Supper and produced some 700 anatomical plates of the human body in great detail. He g reatly influenced the study of regional anatomy and w as believed to have used one of the first methods of arterial embalming but received no credit due to lack of information.
C. Cult of Dionysius
Greek god of wine. Followers held that the soul left the body in ecstasy to join this god.
D. The soul kept a close connection with the dead body.
Hebrews believed
5000
How many deaths occurred per week in London during the plague?
D. Hearts were regarded as holy relics, as such, they were cut out, preserved, and buried separate from the body.
Independent heart burials
The rise of Protestantism closely related to
Industriousness
________________ called personally upon those expected to attend the funeral.
Inviters to funerals
Which of the following was not a consideration with the introduction of the metallic burial casket?
Iron, Stone, Marble
Which of the following received the first American patent for a metallic coffin?
James Gray
The Virginia Colony primary base was _________________
Jamestown
Hunter's canal was named in his honor
John Hunter
Which of the following received patents for coffins made of stone or marble?
John White & Associates 1835
Which of the following was designed due to a common fear of being buried alive?
Life Signal coffins
Kiones
Meaning columns which were a Greek classification of tomb.
D. Trapezae
Meaning square cut tombs which were a Greek classification of tomb.
During the 19th century, who led the way to the grave at the cemetery?
Minister
What types of spoons were given to the pallbearers after the burials?
Money spoons
B. Upper class Egyptian embalming
Most elaborate and expensive; the brain and viscera were removed, preserved individually and placed in canopic jars (burial vases). Cavities of the body, including the cranium were washed and filled with spice. The body was immersed in natron solution for 20-70 days and wrapped in fine linen.
The shape of the coffin was nearly always
Octagon with all sides flat
Who held the corners of the pall?
Pallbearers
False
Pine wood was the preferred wood for the wealthy.
The general inclination of the ministry of the the New England Colonies was to avoid the ________________ error of saying prayers over the dead.
Popish error
Death became one of the prime occasions for
Pulpit exhortations
Massachusetts Bay Colony primary base was
Religion
During the 19th century funeral procession, seven or eight plumes meant the deceased was ________?
Rich
Early American Hardwood caskets were for the
Rich
Libitina
Roman goddess of corpses and funerals, the temple of Libitina was where the deaths were registered.
B. Libitinarius
Roman head undertaker; the ancestor of the undertaker and modern funeral director.
C. Outside the walls of Rome, along the roads leading to the city
Roman law required that burials take place
D. Designator
Roman master of ceremonies; functioned very much like the funeral director.
B. Pollinctores
Roman slaves of Libitinarius who directed the funeral
B. Dressed in a white toga
Romans sometimes practiced on the rich or important people.
Epicureans
Romans who followed the teachings of Epicureaus, a philosopher.
Which of the following had cloth covered glass and then later the glass was exchanged for wood sides covered with cloth?
Samuel Stein- and his Stein Patent Burial Cases introduced a line of cloth covered burial cases, 1st Stein case had cloth covered glass sides and later the glass was exchanged for wood sides covered with cloth.
Most of the vaults in the 1890's were manufactured by
The Champion Company
Osiris
The Egyptian God of Death and the Underworld.
Perhaps the most remarkable coffin ever patented and put into widespread use in America was
The Fisk Metallic Coffin
C. Make sure the person believed to be deceased was in fact dead.
The Hebrew watched the body to
Praeco
The Roman announcer of death who also gathered mourners and told of the funeral.
19th Century
The occupation of undertaker, specifically named as such and accepted in popular usage, appeared in American in the first half of the _______________.
B. Keep spirits of the dead from harming the living and to free the spirit from the clogging prison of the body.
The purpose of Scandinavian cremation
A. Elysian Fields
The union of the soul with the cult god.
Early American funeral undertakers sometimes found themselves members of _____________, charged with duties pertaining to public health and sanitation.
Town officialdom
Who carried the coffin on the bier?
Under-bearers
During the 19th century, who ordered the floral pieces at the arrangement conference?
Undertaker
During the 19th century, who would select a door badge and attach it to cover the doorbell or knocker?
Undertaker
barber-surgeon
Until the rise of the guild system and the control of the _______________, there had been no single group to exercise strict control over the embalming process
C. Circle of Necessity
Upon death, the soul departed the body and took a 3000 year trip around the sun. Upon return, the body was intact, the elements of the body would re-enter and life would resume.
John Hunter
Used William Hunter's methods. The chemicals he used were oil of turpentine, oil of lavender and oil of rosemary. He treated the cavities and organs with essential oils and wines and preservative powders of camphor, resin, and dehydrating salt.
Mourning took on an extensive social character.
What was used by the colonist to pay tribute to the dead.
A. Early Hebrew Culture
Which culture used professional mourners?
Samuel Stein
Which of the following introduced a line of cloth covered burial cases?
During the 19th century, what was the door badge color for the young?
White
John White & Associates 1835
Who in Salina, New York received patents for coffins made of stone, marble, and hydraulic cement? _____ When did they receive the patent? ______
Dr. William Hunter
Who is generally considered to be the originator of the injection technique of preserving remains?
A. Roman animistic view of death
a doctrine that asserts the soul is the central focus or vital principle following death. Held that the soul of man hovered around the place of burial in its continued peace and happiness and required constant attention from descendants for such things as food, drink, and offerings.
D. Stelae
meaning shafts which were a Greek classification of tomb.
D. Materials used in Greek Coffins
wood, stone and baked clay
