History Ch 13 study guide
6. What is a "double standard"? What did it refer to in the 1920's?
A set of principles granting greater sexual freedom to men than to women. Referred to the independent women and flappers.
13. What were some of the negatives associated with prohibition?
Because of prohibition there came speakeasies and bootleggers that broke this law. Not only was there disrespect of the law but organized crime had came about this movement.
1. Why were prohibition laws difficult to enforce?
Because of the bootleggers that would bring alcohol into the US and sell to those who wanted it. Because if they wanted it they'd get it. No money to enforce the law.
17. In what ways did women express themselves in the 1920's?
By becoming more independent. Expressing themselves by the way they dressed and acted.
24. Who were the lawyers in the Scopes trial? Who was on which side?
Clarence Darrow on defending side and William Jennings Brian as the prosecutor.
28. Analyze the international and domestic events, interests, and philosophies that prompted attacks on civil liberties, including the Palmer Raids, Marcus Garvey's "back to Africa" movement, the Ku Klux Klan (KKK), and immigration quotas and the responses of organizations such as the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), and the Anti-Defamation League to those attacks.
During WWI, Russia became Communist. People in America feared that Communism may spread to the United States and threaten democracy. This led to the First Red Scare, a time period in the 1920s in which many people were accused of being Communist and treated badly by the government. Palmer was a government official, who began accusing Americans of being Communist and deporting immigrants. Also, for the first time in US history, the government also began restricting the number of immigrants coming to America from Europe. Tied to the Red Scare was a growth in the Ku Klux Klan. Before the 1920s, the KKK mainly terrorized African-Americans. However, during the 1920s, the KKK began attacking immigrants, Jews, and Catholics as well. There were many different responses to this climate of fear in America. Marcus Garvey, an African American leader, tried to convince Blacks to leave America entirely and form their own country in Africa. This was known as the "back to Africa" movement. The NAACP was also formed around this time, and it began to try to help African-Americans through fighting unjust laws. The ACLU tried to protect people's freedom of speech. They would file lawsuits against the government if the government violated someone's right to free speech. Finally, the Anti-Defamation League was an organization created to protect Jews from hate crimes against them.
33. Discuss the rise of mass production techniques, the growth of cities, the impact of new technologies, (for example: the automobile, electricity), and the resulting prosperity and the effect on the American landscape.
During the 1920s, factories were producing new products at a very fast pace. The best example of this was car factories. Before the 1920s, only the rich could afford cars. This was because each car took so long to make that factories sold the cars for high prices. Henry Ford started a new car company that used an assembly line to make cars. Ford was able to make cars quickly, and therefore, he could sell them for a lower price. Cars dramatically changed America. Families began to leave cities and move to suburbs outside the city. These families could take a car to work instead of having to walk. As more people bought cars, the government began building more roads and highways in order to connect towns together. Electricity also became common in homes during the 1920s, which allowed people to use all kinds of new inventions in their home, such as vacuums and refrigerators.
16. What did alcohol cause according to fundamentalists?
Evangelism
26. Who was Sinclair Lewis?
First American to win the Nobel prize in literature. Wrote Babbitt.
23. Where was the largest population increase during the 1920's in America?
Harlem.
19. What did Ernest Hemingway write about?
He criticized the glorification of war in his novels and simplified his style of writing
7. What did F. Scott Fitzgerald say about the 1920's?
He exposed the negativity of the 1920s gaiety and freedom. The jazz age
8. Who was Charles Lindberg?
He made the first solo flight across the Atlantic Ocean.
29. Examine the passage of the 18th Amendment to the Constitution and the Volstead Act (Prohibition).
In 1919, the 18th Amendment was passed. This law made the buying, selling, and making of alcohol illegal in the United States. The purpose of this law was to reduce violence against women and children, and to end irresponsible drinking of fathers. Unfortunately, this law was not successful. "Bootleggers" would smuggle alcohol into the United States. "Speakeasies" were secret bars set up all over cities. Most people living in cities opposed prohibition and refused to follow the law. Within about 12 years, the US government realized that the 18th Amendment was too difficult to enforce and the law was repealed.
30. Analyze the passage of the 19th Amendment and the changing role of women in society.
In 1920, the 19th Amendment was passed. This law allowed women to vote in all elections. Prior to this law, only some states had allowed women to vote. Voting gave women the power to influence elections and to make sure the politicians were addressing the needs of women. In addition to the 19th Amendment, women also experienced other changes during the 1920s. While many women living on farms in rural areas kept their traditional roles as wives and mothers, some women in the city began to become more independent. Some women got jobs, some put off getting married, and some began wearing scandalously short dresses. These independent women of the 1920s got the nickname flappers.
3. What was the Harlem Renaissance?
It was a time period in which Blacks in urban areas, such as New York City, began producing new types of literature, music, and art. The purpose of the Harlem Renaissance was to encourage African-Americans to produce their own art and music that was unique from white culture
14. What was the "Great Migration"?
It was when a large amount of blacks from the south moved to the north to escape racial discrimination and gain a better wage.
18. Describe the new style of music created by Gershwin.
Jazz and theatre music
4. What was the Scopes monkey trial?
John T. Scopes was a young bio teacher that challenged the law of teaching about evolution and was arrested.
10. Who were some of the famous jazz musicians of the 20's?
Louis Armstrong, Bessie Smith
9. What did the NAACP do in the 1920's?
Marcus Garvey of the NAACP believed African Americans should leave American and start their own country in Africa to escape racial discrimination .
25. What was the NAACP? Who was its leader?
National association of the advancement of colored people. New leader was Marcus Garvey.
32. Trace the growth and effects of radio and movies and their role in the worldwide diffusion of popular culture.
People got the majority of their news and music from the radio. Movies were also a popular form of entertainment. The average American at this time went to the movies once a week. In the early 1920s, movies were all silent. However, in 1927 the first "talkie" was created. It was called "The Jazz Singer". The "talkies" made movies even more popular. Radios and movies helped create pop culture in America. Pop culture is the art, music, ideas, and attitudes that the majority of society has experienced. Before the 1920s there was not a unified pop culture in America. People in different places didn't listen to the same music or see the same art. Radio and movies allowed everyone in America to experience the same art and ideas.
12. Which group would not have approved of prohibition?
Recent immigrants
2. How did people obtain liquor legally during prohibition?
Religiously and or medical reasons.
21. How did fundamentalist view the bible?
That All important knowledge could be found in the bible. And was inspired by god and that therefore it's stories in all their details were true.
15. What issue did the Scopes trial revolve around?
The law of teaching evolution that was illegal. Freedom of speech
31. Describe the Harlem Renaissance and new trends in literature, music, and art, with special attention to the work of writers (for example: Zora Neale Hurston, Langston Hughes).
The purpose of the Harlem Renaissance was to encourage African-Americans to produce their own art and music that was unique from white culture. For instance, the two most famous writers from the Harlem Renaissance, Langston Hughes and Zora Neale Hurston, wanted to write literature that was about African-Americans and that African-Americans would enjoy reading. However, the Harlem Renaissance was so successful that whites also became interested in this work. The most famous result of the Harlem Renaissance that was enjoyed by both Blacks and whites was jazz music. Many people believe that jazz music helped end segregation in urban theatres and clubs because everyone wanted to enjoy the music together.
5. What did Fundamentalists believe?
They believed and argued that all important knowledge could be found in the bible. Bible should be taken literally.
11. What kind of writings did the "lost generation" create?
They wrote books on denouncing war during WWI. Critical views do American culture.
27. What is the UNIA and who founded it?
Universal Negro Improvement Association. Marcus Garvey
20. Describe Urban and Rural.
Urban were cities like New York that were up to date on inventions and what not. And rural is a more country and farm land.
22. What view of U.S. society did the lost generation have?
War was a machine designed to crush human freedoms.
