History Chapter 13 Study Guide

Explain the issues and resolutions in the Nullification Crisis...

1832 tariff lowered tax outgo slightly from the 1828 tariff of abomination. southerns were upset because the decrease wasn't enough. this resulted in the nullification crisis. south Carolina declared these tariffs unconstitutional. became null and void within SC. tariff hurt them because of an economic hardship in the 20's they felt the most. Calhoun quit in 1832 to help nullification. 1833- tariff compromise lower tax rates more and SC accepted the proposal.

Why did Jackson order the removal of the Native Americans?

During Worcester vs Georgia Cherokee nation tried to keep their land. Jackson inside Georgia and 16,000 Cherokee people are rounded up and move forcefully. One fourth of them died on the move.

Who was Henry Clay?

Leader of the Whig party and five times an unsuccessful presidential candidate, Henry Clay (1777-1852) played a central role on the stage of national politics for over forty years. He was secretary of state under John Quincy Adams, Speaker of the House of Representatives longer than anyone else in the nineteenth century, and the most influential member of the Senate during its golden age. In a parliamentary system, he would have undoubtedly become prime minister.

how did Van Buren respond to the panic of 1837?

Van Buren didn't cause the panic of 1837 but he did however nothing to relieve it. He felt that the government shouldn't interfere with the economy.

What common theme was present in the election of 1828?

fighting and trying to discredit each other. Adams said Jackson was a barbarian that could not write his name and Jackson said that adams spent too much on national projects and is for big government.

Who was Richard Lawrence? Why was he sent to the insane asylum?

he was a painter that became unemployed. He had a score to settle with andrew jackson. He attempted assassination. He suffered from delusions of grandeur and believed that he was King Richard III of England.

Who were the "whigs"? what parts of the nation supported them?

political party that was active between 1834-54. beginning united in disagreements of jackson and his policies. they wanted to appeal to the whole country so they put up candidates. Harrison was the first (war hero and log cabin campaign)he appealed to N S E W, succeeded by John Tyler. whig party lost favor in early 1950's when country was severely split on slavery. Cotton whigs (pro slavery) found a home with democrats and the conscience whigs (no slavery) were with the republican

Who were the locofocos and Kitchen Cabinet?

the kitchen cabinet was a group of personal advisers appointed by jackson. Locofocos were a faction in the democratic party that is made up or workingmen and reformers. Opposed to state banks, monopolies, paper money, tariffs, and generally any financial policies that seemed to them antidemocratic and conducive to special privilege. Originally named the Equal Rights Party,

Why did the South refer to the Tariff of 1828 as the Tariff of Abominations?

the south was referred to as the tariff of abominations because the tariff was a taxation on goods coming in and because the tariff was high, the price of cotton increases. the southerners didn't want to pay high costs for cotton.

Why did Van Buren push for the Independent Treasury Act?

under president van buren in 1840 congress passed the independent treasury act. this succeeded in completely separating government from banking. Van buren pushed for this because he wanted to prevent and fix what had happened in the panic of 1837.

Why did Jackson declare "war" on the Second Bank of the United States?

Jackson considered the national bank to be too powerful and could affect the political process. Biddle wish to renew the charter but jackson didn't agree. he thought they were corrupt.

Who was John C. Calhoun? Why did Jackson come to dislike him?

John C Calhoun was Jackson's vice Pres. Calhoun sided with the Southerners and help to nullify the tariff. Because Jackson wanted to side with the northerners this angered Jackson to see his vice presidents help to nullify his tariff.

What was the Webster-Hayne debate?

Robert hayne of South Carolina defended the idea of nullification , or the right of state to declare federal laws illegal. Sen. Daniel Webster, January of 1830, of Massachusetts delivered a scorching attack on states rights. He saw states rights as a threat to union. In a two day speech, Webster defended the Constitution and Union. Near the end of his speech he cried," Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable!" Daniel Webster stud on the floor of the Senate to challenge a speech given by Robert Hayne.

What was the main political issue in the election of 1832?

The Bank of the united States. debate was happening since 1816 about this bank. The federal bank deposited all of its money in the Bank. resulted in complete control over credit. Also decided how much money state banks received. farmers and merchants hated this bank.

What was the spoils system? How did Jackson change it?

The spoils system was when Jackson gave political jobs to his supporters.

Why did the Supreme Court and Chief Justice John Marshall rule FOR the Cherokee nation and AGAINST the state of Georgia and Jackson Administration?

They believed that what Georgia was dong was unconstitutional.

Why was Jackson opposed to South Carolina nullification policy?

When Jackson heard the news of the nullification act in South Carolina he vowed to use force if needed to uphold the federal law. South Carolina had hoped other states would follow its lead. No state did, however. Jackson was afraid that the nullification policy would split the Union. South Carolina thought that the tariff that Jackson came up with favored the northerners. This tariff heavily affected the Southerners including South Carolina. After this tariff was enacted they try to nullify the federal law to help them in their drowning in debt.

What three things did William Henry Harrison achieve while in office?

William Henry Harrison achieved 3 main things while in office. He was the first president to die in office (1773-1841), he gave the longest inaugural address in history, and served the shortest presidency.

who were the candidates in the 1840 election? how did the whigs try to appeal to the common man?

William Henry Harrison with the VP of John Tyler. and Martin Van Buren with no VP. William died and John succeeded. Harrison was a war hero so he appealed to the whole public and a representative of America instead of just one side.

What were the four goals of Jacksonian Democracy (1828-1848)?

expansion of voting rights, dismantled national bank, spoils system (giving gov jobs to "common" people - supporters