History Chapter 14, Section 1
How did Queen Elizabeth Tudor ease religious tensions?
1. She took a moderate approach. 2. She repealed the laws favoring catholics. 3. She passed the Act of Supremacy, which made Elizabeth the only supreme governor of the church and state. 4. Followed a moderate Protestantism in the Church of English that made most people happy.
What are some reasons why Spain was not the great power that it appeared to be?
1. Spain's treasury was empty, King Philip II had bankrupted the empire by spending too much on war. 2. King Philip II's successor spent too much on the court. 3. Spain's armed forces were out of date. 4. Spain's government was inefficient.
When did the French Wars of Religion happen?
1562-1598
Is this house of Bourbon a bourbon distributor or a group of noble men that rule the southern French Kingdom of Navarre?
A group of noble men that rule the southern French Kingdom of Navarre.
What was the House of Bourbon?
A group of nobles that ruled the southern French kingdom of Navarre.
What is absolutism?
A system in which the ruler holds total power.
What was the Spanish armada of 1588?
Armada, a fleet of war ships, set sail to conquer England and return England to Catholicism. The fleet was not strong enough and was unsuccessful against England. The ships battered by a number of encounters with England, returned to Spain, but also ran into a storm, which sunk many ships.
Why did Spain and King Philip II see its self as a strong Catholic empire?
Because Spain had a long history of of supporting Christianity from heretics, such as reconquering the Muslim region of Spain and expelling the Spanish Jews.
Why did Henry IV convert to Catholicism?
Because he knew that France would never accept a Protestant as ruler.
Why were the Spanish Netherlands important to Spain?
Because there were one of the richest parts of the Spanish empire.
Where were causes of the French Wars of Religion?
Differences in religion between catholics and Huguenots. Also, towns and provinces resisted the growing power of the monarch.
What other forces also played a role in the religious wars of the 16th century?
Economic, social, and political
What happened after Henry IV converted to Catholicism and was crowned King in 1594?
Fighting in France to came to an end.
Where does King Louis XIV rule?
France
Who were the Huguenots?
French protestants influenced by John Calvin. They made up about 7% of the French population, but 40 to 50% of the nobility, the conversion of so many nobles made the Huguenots a powerful political threat to the French crown.
What did King Philip II do to try to strengthen his control over the Spanish Netherlands?
He tried to crush Calvinism. Violence erupted over this, and Calvinists, especially Calvinist nobles began to destroy catholic churches and start a rebellion. Philip sent ten thousand troops to crush the rebellion.
How did King Philip II strengthen control over his lands?
Insisted on strict conformity to Catholicism and strong monarchical authority.
What was the Act of Supremacy?
It made Elizabeth the only supreme governor of the church and state.
Who is regarded as the perfect embodiment, or perfect example of an absolute monarch?
King Louis XIV
Who was "the most Catholic King"?
King Philip II
Who was the greatest supporter of militant catholicism in the second half of the 16th century?
King Philip II of Spain.
Where are the Netherlands?
North of France and West of Germany.
What two religions became highly combative in Europe in the 16th century?
Protestant and Catholic
Who was Henry the IV?
Ruler of France, that was a political leader of the Huguenots and a member of the Bourbon dynasty. His name is also Henry of Navarre (the location of the house of Bourbon.
How was Queen Elizabeth moderate in foreign policy?
She tried to maintain a balance of power between Spain and France by trying to prevent one empire from becoming to powerful. She would support the weaker nation, when one was getting to powerful.
Where did King Philip II rule?
Spain.
Who was the most populated empire in the world in 1598?
Spain.
What is another name for the French civil wars of the 16th century?
The French Wars of Religion.
Who was William the Silent?
The Prince of Orange,in the Netherlands that increased Dutch resistance to the Spanish. The struggle contributed for 12 years, until a truce happened in 1609 that ended the world.
Who was Elizabeth Tudor?
The Queen of England in 1558.
Why did the 17th century become known as the golden age of the Dutch Republic?
The United Provinces held center stage as one of Europe's greatest powers.
What was the Edict of Nantes?
The edict recognized Catholicism as the official religion of France, but it also gave the Huguenots the right to worship and to enjoy all political privileges, such as holding public office. King Henry IV passed the edict in 1598.
What were the United Provinces of the Netherlands?
The northern provinces of the Netherlands, which became the core of the modern Dutch state.
Who was King Philip II?
The son and heir of King Charles V. He ruled Spain from 1556-1598 and ushered in the age of Spanish greatness, both politically and culturally.
What was a major goal of King Philip II.
To consolidate the lands he inherited from his father in Spain, the Netherlands, and possessions in Italy and the Americas.
What does militant mean?
combative
