HISTORY CHAPTER 20
allowed everyone in a party to vote in primary elections
direct primary
Identify the issues that motivated progressive reformers.
economic inequality the power of large corporations political corruption social ills of rapid urbanization and industrialization
allowed voters to create petitions to add proposals to the ballot
initiative
educated the public by exposing corruption
journalists
According to progressives, what was the main source of the crisis facing the United States?
powerful corporations
allowed voters to remove corrupt officials from office
recall
allowed voters to vote on proposals created by citizens
referendum
assist new immigrants and provide the resources necessary for them to become successful citizens of the country
settlement houses
supported better working conditions
socialists
campaign against the evils of alcohol
temperance movement
developed charities to provide services to the community and those in need
the Ys and the Salvation Army
What factors helped encourage the passage of child labor and workplace safety laws?
A sweatshop fire killed over 100 young workers in an unsafe work environment. Progressives on the National Child Labor Committee lobbied for legislation to prohibit the employment of children.
Which of the following ideologies did suffragists incorporate into their movement?
Activists used the social gospel to make a case for women's suffrage
shortened the workday for railroad workers
Adamson Act
Identify the social group that women's suffrage most often excluded.
African American Women
The government had a way to monitor large corporations.
Bureau of Corporations
Which of the following represent progressive policies that Taft successfully enforced during his presidency?
Bureau of Mines the breakup of the Standard Oil Company Mann-Elkins Act
legislation that enhanced the Sherman Anti-Trust Act by clarifying what constituted a "monopoly"
Clayton Anti-Trust Act
The railroads were no longer allowed to give secret refunds to certain customers.
Elkins Act
In an effort to improve the democratic process, progressives supported initiatives to allow members of the public greater administrative control in local government.
FALSE
Journalists were referred to as muckrakers because Americans did not trust the press and believed their work to be of poor quality.
FALSE
Like Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr, who established Chicago's Hull House, founders of settlement houses believed that charitable works and Christian fellowship could adequately address the issues of urban poverty.
FALSE
Prior to 1918, Wilson and Roosevelt supported the woman suffrage movement and helped suffragists achieve considerable success, particularly in western states.
FALSE
Progressives all shared the same goals and approved of the same tactics needed to achieve those goals.
FALSE
Progressives did not want the government involved in solving societal problems because many problems stemmed from corruption in the government and in big businesses.
FALSE
Roosevelt's unpopularity among African American voters convinced him not to run in the 1908 election because it was unlikely that he would be victorious.
FALSE
provided long-term farm loans
Federal Farm Loan Act
allowed farmers to transport their goods more easily
Federal Highways Act
created a new national banking system in order to regulate currency supply and ensure the stability of the Federal Reserve System
Federal Reserve Act
replaced the Bureau of Corporations as a more powerful tool to combat unfair trade practices
Federal Trade Commission
Identify how Wilson pursued his anti-trust goals.
He developed the Federal Trade Commission to identify and rectify unfair trade practices. He attempted to strengthen the Sherman Anti-Trust Act.
Why did Roosevelt choose to vigorously enforce the Sherman Anti-Trust Act?
He wanted to break up companies that acted in unfair and illegal ways
The government was allowed to limit railroad freight rates.
Hepburn Act
How did the "Wisconsin idea," proposed by Wisconsin governor Robert M. La Follette, help progressives achieve "a happier and better state to live in"? And how did it seek to ensure "that its institutions are more democratic, that the opportunities of all its people are more equal, [and] that social justice more nearly prevails"?
It used experts to provide politicians across the state with nonpartisan research, and to help in the drafting of legislation.
What were the unintended consequences of running governments more efficiently with the city-manager plan?
Local governments provided fewer services to citizens. Working-class voters felt disenfranchised.
Which statement describes how the muckrakers contributed to the progressive movement?
Muckrakers educated the public about the problems society faced
fought for "honest government"
Mugwumps
educated Americans about child labor and poor working conditions
National Consumers League
Which of the statements does it support about progressivism?
Progressives believed in the regulation of the economy to promote the public well-being. Upton Sinclair's novel The Jungle (1906) was an example of effective progressive muckraking that spurred government action.
How did the flaws in the progressive movement shape its motivations?
Progressives were rarely motivated to address racial inequality. Wealthy, well-educated reformers' viewpoints were limited by their ethnic and class prejudices.
In 1901, Roosevelt invited civil rights leader Booker T. Washington to the White House, to the outcry of white Southerners. How did Roosevelt's subsequent actions affect his relationship with the African American population?
Roosevelt appealed to southern whites and their racist sentiments, which angered the African American community. African Americans opposed Roosevelt's decision to dishonorably discharge an entire regiment of African American soldiers.
Why did Roosevelt's progressive policies anger lumber companies?
Roosevelt's environmental conservation movement upset lumber companies because it prevented them from logging in certain areas
allowed the people to elect senators directly
Seventeenth Amendment
helped offset lost revenue due to the reduction of the tariff
Sixteenth Amendment
income tax created by Congress to redistribute wealth and prevent the richest Americans from controlling all the nation's wealth
Sixteenth Amendment
Analyze the image depicting Roosevelt as Greek mythological hero Hercules, who as a baby strangled serpents that were sent to kill him. The serpents here represent pro-corporation senator Nelson Aldrich and Standard Oil's John D. Rockefeller.
Some contemporaries saw Roosevelt as an active president who engaged in strenuous—even heroic—activities. Roosevelt sought to limit the power of big corporations.
Roosevelt set out to use the government to regulate corporations. He wanted to champion the ideal of "fair play" in business and politics.
Square Deal
What was Theodore Roosevelt's general domestic agenda?
Square Deal
How did the woman suffrage movement evolve? Place the following events in chronological order to illustrate how the movement changed over time.
Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton found the National Woman Suffrage Association Wyoming Territory extends equal voting rights to women nine western states grant women full suffrage rights new york allows women to vote in all elections
Despite success in reforming the political system, progressives failed to adequately regulate big business in the 1890s.
TRUE
Roosevelt used the power of the federal government and the military to end strikes, despite questions surrounding the constitutionality of such action.
TRUE
Woodrow Wilson campaigned under the idea of New Freedom, a program that held that all trusts should be broken up, while Roosevelt and Taft supported law-abiding trusts.
TRUE
Identify the actions Taft took that angered Roosevelt.
Taft hired Richard A Ballinger and allowed federally protected lands to be used for commercial interests
Which of the following statements reflects progressives' beliefs about the ideal role of the government, despite the variety of their goals and methods?
The government should be responsive to the needs of the people and address the ills of society
Why did progressive leader Jane Addams believe churches and charities were "totally inadequate to deal with the vast numbers of the city's disinherited"?
There were too many people who needed help. Churches and charities could not reach them all.
How did socialist ideas influence the progressive movement in the United States?
They created a focus on the need for improving working conditions. They introduced "progressive taxation" as a solution for closing the income gap between the rich and poor.
How did religious leaders and institutions contribute to the progressive movement?
They provided assistance to poor Americans. They supported the right of workers to unionize. They adopted the social gospel, which held that religious organizations and individual Christians were obligated to lead the effort in helping the poor.
How did women's clubs pursue progressive goals?
They sought to develop laws to protect women in the workplace. They educated the public on issues relating to public sanitation. They encouraged governments to provide services to the poor.
What were some of the major issues progressives wanted to fix?
Unregulated urban growth was creating social ills. Wealth and power were unequally distributed. Businesses were unregulated and were corrupting politics.
In November 1914, a delegation of African American leaders visited the White House. In this delegation was William Trotter, a Harvard-educated, African American newspaper editor who had helped found the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). Trotter said to Wilson, "Have you a 'new freedom' for white Americans, and a new slavery for 'your Afro-American fellow citizens'? God forbid." Which of the following statements are supported by this quotation?
Wilson believed that race segregation was good for both blacks and whites. Many in the progressive movement carried racial, ethnic, and class biases.
Identify how Wilson's progressive policies differed from those of Taft and Roosevelt.
Wilson succeeded in lowering the tariff, unlike his Republican predecessors. Wilson supported strict anti-trust laws.
Which of the following describes Wilson's reason for creating the Federal Reserve System?
Wilson wanted to prevent banks from failing during panics
Which of the following social problems spurred the progressive reform?
corrupt politicians child labor agricultural issues large corporations and monopolies
protect America's natural resources by building parks
child labor legislation
protect America's natural resources by building parks
conservation
Which of the following were elements of Roosevelt's Square Deal?
vigorous use of Sherman Anti-Trust Act attacks on cronyism conservation of natural resources such as water or forests greater control by government of corporations regulations of food and medicines to protect consumers
