History-Chapter 4 (Slavery, Freedom, and the Struggle for Empire

What does this image suggest about the conditions aboard ships traveling the Middle Passage in the eighteenth century? There may be more than one correct answer

-The shipbuilder of the Marie-Séraphique prioritized speed over cargo space. -Ships such as this were purposefully designed to make resistance or even mutiny by the captured African people as difficult as possible. -Ships were designed to maximize profit, with no regard for the comfort of the Africans aboard.

How did growing British patriotism in the eighteenth century shape ideas of liberty and freedom in the mainland colonies?

British pride and patriotism, combined with a sense of the "rights of Englishmen," encouraged Britons on both sides of the Atlantic to protest what they considered oppressive authority.

Identify the statements that are consistent with the "social contract."

Citizens voluntarily gave up some freedoms to be a part of society. Citizens were in possession of certain natural rights that were universal and not subject to restriction.

Central to the concept of republicanism were the ideas of participation in government by______who were_____in a political system that operated without______

Citizens; Property holders; A king

Which of the following is NOT true about the first seventy-five years of the eighteenth century in British North America?

Colonial laws, political institutions, and culture grew increasingly distinct from those in Great Britain.

Which of the following was NOT a result of the Seven Years' War?

Colonial militiamen resented having to fight alongside British regulars, and the war weakened colonists' pride in being members of the British empire.

How was the nature of slavery different in South Carolina compared to slavery in Virginia and Maryland?

Enslaved field workers in South Carolina tended to work under less supervision from their owners.

Colonial North America was notable for its high rates of literacy and its active and relatively free press. Match the colonial-era newspaper to the statement that describes it most accurately.

Established in Boston in 1690, it was shut down after a single issue for criticizing a British military alliance with the Iroquois: Publick Occurrences, Both Foreign and Domestick Considered one of the best edited colonial newspapers, it was established in Philadelphia in 1728 and later purchased by Benjamin Franklin: The Pennsylvania Gazette Its founder, William Zenger, was arrested and tried for seditious libel after criticizing the governor: New-York Weekly Journal

An unintended but very real consequence of the Great Awakening was that it reduced colonial impulses toward democracy in civic life.

False

Established in colonial America, the freedom of speech for all people is still a basic freedom in American society today. This freedom in the colonies was similar to that which existed in eighteenth-century Britain.

False

Identify the correct statements about the life of Ayuba Diallo.

He was the subject of a portrait painted by the artist William Hoare. He was a Senegalese merchant who was captured by slave traders in 1731.

How were property qualifications incorporated into colonial politics in the eighteenth century?

In order to be elected to a colonial assembly, candidates had to own more property than what was mandated by suffrage requirements.

Identify the statements that describe the results of "salutary neglect" toward the colonies.

It allowed colonial legislatures to use their control of colonial finance to increase their influence. It was a byproduct of the growth, size, and complexity of the British empire in the early eighteenth century.

How did the expansion of slavery in the Chesapeake during the eighteenth century transform colonial society?

It led directly to a growing social divide between whites and Blacks.

Identify the statement that does not describe the eighteenth-century event known as the "Great Awakening."

It was a phenomenon unique to North America.

Which of the following statements is accurate with regard to freedom of the press in colonial America?

It was not historically seen as a fundamental right that Englishmen possessed. It was viewed with suspicion by both local and imperial governing bodies in the colonies.

In what way was the system of nonplantation slavery in New England and the Middle Colonies distinct from that in the Chesapeake and South Carolina?

Laws pertaining to slavery in the North were less harsh than those in the South.

What was the major disadvantage of the Spanish and French empires in maintaining control of their territorial claims in North America?

Spanish and French claims in North America attracted few settlers compared to Britain's colonies along the Atlantic seaboard.

In what way did the Great Awakening create an environment in which discontent toward British policies in North America found expression?

The Great Awakening gave rise to an expanded circulation of printed material and a growing sense of a right to independent judgment.

How did George Whitefield and the leaders of the Great Awakening help transform the religious landscape of the colonies?

They promoted the proliferation of evangelists and revivals as well as new religious denominations.

By the middle of the eighteenth century, due to ______ the slave population in the Chesapeake began to experience net population growth. Due to plantations in the region being _____ slaves here lived ______ white culture.

a more healthy climate small in constant contact with

A concept critical to political thought in the ______ "British liberty" encompassed ideas of individual rights and _____ alongside ideas of ______ executive power. British liberty was a parochial concept, understood to apply specifically to British people, not to people from continental Europe or Africa.

eighteenth century, rule of law, limited

Initially within each colony, the ____ was the dominant political force and the _____ were weak. However, as time passed, the assemblies gained more power due to the increasing _____ in the colonies

governor; colonial assemblies; economic value

Identify the characteristics that correctly describe Great Britain in the eighteenth century.

not a characteristic of Great Britain: low tax rate low standard of living characteristic of Great Britain :strong sense of national identity devotion to Protestantism common lawsingle political-cultural-

Of the varying manifestations of slavery that emerged in British North America during the eighteenth century, where were conditions ideal for creating the most distinctively African-based community and culture for enslaved Blacks?

on the rice plantations of South Carolina and Georgia

Spain's North American colonies had an economy based primarily upon ranching and trade, but because of wars in Europe, they never were able to assemble the military might necessary for them to dominate the region. However, these northern colonies still served a useful purpose to the Spanish, in that they served as a buffer to prevent further French territorial encroachment into Spanish interests.

ranching and trade

Spain's North American colonies had an economy based primarily upon _______ but because of wars in _______they never were able to assemble the military might necessary for them to dominate the region. However, these northern colonies still served a useful purpose to the Spanish, in that they served as a buffer to prevent further_______territorial encroachment into Spanish interests.

ranching and trade; Europe; French

Identify the issue that was not a point of contention between colonial assemblies and their respective royal governors.

royal governors effectively carrying out the wishes of the crown.

Which of the following was NOT a method by which enslaved Blacks expressed their desire for freedom in the eighteenth century?

the construction of African-style houses, choosing African names for their children, and speaking a language that was unintelligible to most whites

Identify the key characteristics of the Enlightenment.

the importance of reason use of the scientific method

Which of the following was NOT a factor behind the considerable expansion of the "public sphere" in colonial towns and cities in the eighteenth century?

the practice of free speech, or the right of ordinary citizens to express their views without fear of reprisal

What was the purpose of the Proclamation of 1763?

to stabilize the colonial frontier and preempt border conflicts

Why is Father Junípero Serra a controversial figure in California's early history?

Serra's endorsement of forced labor along with exposure to disease proved disastrous for Indians who lived at the missions he directed.