History Midterm
its ordinances were ignored and officials covered their involvement in land grabs.
Following the Proclamation of 1763,
True
Harvard College was principally founded to educate young men into the ministry.
Santa Fe
In 1610, Spain established the capital of New Mexico at ____, the first permanent European settlement in the Southwest.
True
In 1678, when the Lords of Trade in England queried the Massachusetts government about how well it was following the Navigation Acts, the Lords received the reply from the colony that the Navigation Acts did not apply to the colony unless the colony's own government (not the British Parliament, but rather the Massachusetts General Court) approved them.
Pontiacs Rebellion
In 1762, the Indians of the Ohio Valley and Great Lakes launched a revolt against British rule called
false
Since mosquitoes bearing malaria flourished in the New World, slaves were particularly susceptible since they had not developed immunity to the disease.
False
Slaves showed little inclination to challenge their enslavement in seventeenth- and early-eighteenth-century Virginia.
traditional African religions
Some slaves came to the colonies familiar with Christianity, but most North American slaves practiced
True
Some slaves gained their freedom by serving as soldiers during the Revolution.
True
The "Rights of Englishmen" were established in the Magna Carta.
False
The 1764 Sugar Act provoked the colonists by increasing the tax on molasses imported into North America.
Sheep
The English "enclosure" movement of the 1500s and 1600s forced small farmers off "commons" land so that the land could be taken up by
westward expansion
The Great Awakening occurred as many ministers were concerned with
D
The Great League of Peace included all but the following a) Seneca b) Oneida c) Mohawk d) Choctaw
Pennsylvania
The colony founded by a leader who hoped women and blacks would be given equality along with all persons was
False
The early settlers of English America enjoyed the least amount of rights compared to colonists of other empires.
Indentured servants
The expansion of tobacco cultivation in the early 1600s led to an increase in demand for which of the following labor groups?
George Whitefield
The leading promoter of the Great Awakening was
Land ownership
The main lure for the majority of migrants from England to the New World was:
Quaker merchants
The only unicameral legislature in the colonies was in Pennsylvania, largely controlled for much of the eighteenth century by
false
The phrase "freedom of speech" originated in colonial America.
Salutary Neglect
The policy of leaving the colonists to govern themselves was called
True
The reconquista was the reconquest of Spain from the Moors.
South Carolina Planters
The richest group of mainland colonists were
True
The system by which residents of Indian villages remained legally free and entitled to wages, but were still required to perform a fixed amount of labor each year was called repartimiento.
freedom of the press
The trial of John Peter Zenger involved the issue of
True
The typical seventeenth-century woman in New England gave birth seven times.
True
There were no banks in the 1700s in colonial America.
Sugar
This chief crop produced by Western Hemisphere slaves during the eighteenth century was also the first to be mass-marketed to consumers in Europe.
Pueblo Bonita
This dwelling structure in New Mexico stood five stories high and had more than 600 rooms.
False
Throughout the eighteenth century, women were not eligible to vote.
True
Tituba, who was one of the people accused of being a witch in Salem, was originally an Indian from the Caribbean who, in 1692, was a slave in Massachusetts.
A
Which of these crops did not form the basis of Native American agriculture? a) wheat b) corn c) squash d) beans
The Charter of Liberties and Privileges
allowed for a trial by jury and the security of property.
Peninsulares
persons of European Birth
The Albany Plan of Union
was the attempt to create a council composed of delegates from each colony to levy taxes and settle domestic issues.
A
A key motivation behind early English settlement in the American colonies was a) all of these. b) the profits to be made in transatlantic commerce. c) escape from the material and spiritual corruptions of England. d) acquisition of land, and thus a measure of personal independence.
escaped slaves who took up arms for the king would be freed.
A major blow in the relationship between the British and colonists occurred when Lord Dunmore proclaimed
escape from the Inquisition in Mexico City
A major reason for Jews to move to Spanish North America was
False
A strong immunity to European diseases strengthened Indian resistance to the conquistadores.
True
According to the English minister George Whitefield, people could participate in their own salvation through their own actions; they were not, as predominant Protestant religions had traditionally held, predestined for damnation.
a
All of the following contributed to the devastation of Indian society in the present-day California area except a) the introduction of British animals. b) environmental changes caused by the introduction of Spanish crops. c) the resettlement of Indians in villages around the missions. d) the spread of new diseases.
false
Almost all African slaves in the eighteenth century came from the same African tribe.
Rum
Along with sugar, the West Indies also produced this increasingly popular product enjoyed by both North American colonists and Indians.
High rates of death and disease
Among the problems facing the early settlers of Jamestown colony were
B
As race was a line of social division, whites' distrust of free blacks in Chesapeake increased. As a result, all of the following were rules regarding free blacks except a) blacks were subjected to special taxes. b) blacks could not carry paper money. c) blacks could no longer employ white servants. d) blacks were not allowed to legally carry a gun.
Overwhelmingly white
At the start of the eighteenth century, the population of the colonies was
False
Because Puritan Massachusetts was deeply religious, ministers were frequently elected to colonial offices.
False
Between 1492 and 1820, approximately 20 million African slaves were taken from African and brought to the New World.
true
By 1750, the Virginian population recognized "white" and "free" as virtually identical.
True
By the 1700s, the population of Spanish North America was small, consisting of a few, isolated urban clusters in Florida, Texas, and New Mexico.
Tobacco plantation system
By the mid-eighteenth century, distinct slave systems were entrenched in the New World. The oldest and largest was the ________________.
Rice
Carolina grew slowly until planters discovered what staple crop?
Tobacco
Colonial Virginia's economic substitute for gold was
True
Colonial political offices frequently passed from generation to generation in the same family.
True
Despite the influx of British goods, American craftsmen benefited from the expanding consumer market.
false
During the Great Awakening, most preachers explicitly condemned slavery.
True
During the early to mid-eighteenth century, consumption of manufactured goods penetrated deep into the colonial countryside.
false
Eighteenth-century British America was much less diverse than the English population.
A
In European exploration, conquest, and colonization of the New World after 1492, all of the following were true except a) Europeans brought with them a broad-ranging tolerance for others' viewpoints; kindness and tolerance being the mark of civilized peoples. b) Europeans imagined the Americas as a place of golden cities and fountains of youth. c) Millions of Indians died from diseases brought by the Europeans. d) Africans were enslaved and treated with great cruelty.
Spanish, French, and English
In North America, three new and very different empires had arisen in the late seventeenth century-
Indians
In the 1500s and 1600s, the Spanish in Central and South America relied on many of which of the following groups to work fields and mines?
True
In the 1600s, nearly two-thirds of English settlers came as indentured servants.
True
In the 1700s, 90 percent of colonists in British North America worked farms.
true
In the Ohio Valley (the "middle ground"), the Iroquois were known for their ability to play the French and British empires against each other.
False
In the Spanish colonies, race and class were not important
True
In the eighteenth century, Spanish colonial authorities adopted a more tolerant attitude toward traditional religious practices and made fewer demands on Indian labor.
regulate economic activity to promote the nation's power.
In the prevailing theory of mercantilism, the government should
True
Indenture contracts usually bound indentured servants for periods of from five to seven years.
False
Intermarriage between Indians and English settlers was common.
False
Little contact existed among the diverse Indian societies of North America.
True
Most Indian tribes were matrilineal.
True
Most colonies barred Catholics and Jews from voting and holding public office.
False
Most migrants to seventeenth-century New England came out of the poorer reaches of English society.
alcohol became increasingly common and disruptive.
One change in Indian life after the English colonists settled was
False
Over the century between 1650 and 1750, the agricultural economies of New England, the Middle Colonies, and the backcountry grew more and more alike.
True
Primogeniture meant that estates must be passed intact to the oldest son.
called New Netherland and controlled by the Dutch.
Prior to being taken over by the English in 1664, New York was
A
Regarding slavery, which of the following statements is not true? a) The Middle Colonies needed many slaves because large farms predominated. b) Slavery had been present in New York since early Dutch settlement. c) Compared to the plantation regions, slavery was far less central to the economies of New England Colonies. d) Initially, liquor and slaves were banned from the Georgia colony.
True
Seventeenth-century Maryland stood out for its system of absolute rule, but also for its practice of religious toleration.
False
Seventeenth-century New England quickly developed into a land of large plantations and landless servants.
men retain their natural rights, as they predated the establishment of political authority.
Under the liberalism idea, the "social contract" extorted that
True
Vastly more people living in the colonies had far greater opportunities-to vote, own land, worship freely-than existed in Europe.
True
When supplies reached the Roanoke colony in 1590, the inhabitants had mysteriously vanished leaving only a word carved in a tree as a clue to their whereabouts.
False
When the author, Eric Foner, uses the term "unfree labor," he refers to those persons who were performing work, not for free as volunteers, but for wages.
Mali
Which African kingdom provided Europe with most of its gold?
B
Which of the following series of events is listed in proper sequence? a) introduction of headright system in Virginia; enactment of religious toleration in Maryland; Magna Carta b) Mayflower Compact; trial of Anne Hutchinson; Half-Way Covenant c) founding of Massachusetts Bay Colony; founding of Plymouth Colony; founding of Jamestown Colony d) English Civil War; Henry VIII's break with the Catholic Church; Walter Raleigh's Roanoke colony venture
A
Which of the following was an effect of Bacon's Rebellion? a) the increased use of African slaves b) the increased use of the headright system c) the increased use of indentured servants d) the increased use of Native American slaves
A
Which of the following was not a major reason early Europeans felt the Indians were barbaric? a) their wearing of beads and feathers b) their religion and practices c) their gender relations d) the way in which the Indians used the land
B
Which of the following was not a notable feature of sixteenth century Spanish America? a) Indians were compelled to work, either as slaves or as wage laborers, in gold and silver mines or on large haciendas. b) The Spanish crown took initially little interest in the administration of colonial affairs. c) A Black Legend regarding the harshness of Spanish colonial rule spread across the Atlantic world. d) A blending of Indian and Spanish culture gradually took root.
D
Which of the following was not a significant feature of indentured servitude in seventeenth-century Virginia? a) Unlike slaves, indentured servants were held in bondage only for a limited period of time. b) Like slaves, indentured servants could be bought and sold, beaten, and denied permission to marry by their masters. c) Although servants could anticipate some kind of "freedom dues" (often a piece of land) upon completion of their indenture, many died before their terms expired. d) indentured servants never comprised more than a small percentage of Virginians, the great majority of whom arrived either as free settlers or slaves.
D
Which was not a characteristic of "coverture"? a) A wife could not write a separate will. b) A wife could not sign contracts in her own name. c) If a wife worked, she did not control her wages. d) She could only own property with her pastor's permission. e) In marriage, a wife surrendered her legal identity.
D
Which was not a characteristic of Roger Williams's Rhode Island colony? a) It had no religious qualification for voting in the 1600s. b) It was a refuge for religious nonconformists. c) It had no established church. d) It required citizens to attend church.
A
Which was not a means by which Cortés conquered the Aztecs? a) He bombarded the Aztec capital from his Spanish galleons. b) He was aided by a smallpox epidemic that killed many Aztecs. c) He was aided by thousands of Native Americans. d) He relied on superior military technology such as iron weapons and gun powder.
B
Which was not an aspect of Native American religious beliefs? a) Most Indians held that a single-creator god created the world. b) Their written religious text was called the Wicca. c) Shaman and medicine men held central positions of authority. d) Most Native Americans believed spiritual powers suffused the world in animals, plants, trees, water, and wind. e) Participation in religious rituals helped define community membership.
B
Which was not an element in Leisler's Rebellion (1689)? a) Jacob Leisler took control of New York as head of a Committee of Safety. b) Leisler's success meant French domination of New York. c) Rebels sacked the homes of wealthy New Yorkers. d) Following his defeat, Leisler's body was decapitated and cut into four parts.
B
Which was not expressed by Bartolomé de Las Casas in A Very Brief Account of the Destruction of the Indes in 1552? a) He asserted that Indians should be able to keep their land. b) He believed that Indians ought to be allowed to continue to practice their native faiths as a true sign of Christian love and toleration. c) He described how the Spanish made forced laborers of Indians of all ages. d) He wrote that Spanish Catholics burned Native American children alive. e) He suggested that African slaves be imported into the Americas.
A
Which was not part of the aftermath of King Philip's War? a) The Iroquois, having attacked the colonists, were destroyed. b) Metacom was captured and executed. c) Puritans sold Indian children from the warring tribes into slavery. d) The image of Indians as bloodthirsty savages became entrenched in the view of New England colonists.
Algonquian
While the Dutch came to North America to trade, not conquer, they hardly kept this belief, as a three-year war resulted in the deaths of 200 colonists and 1,000 Indians from which tribe?
Dutch
Women in this European settlement enjoyed far more independence than in other colonies.