History Multiple Choice Test 2
Which of the following assessments of the Roosevelt Corollary is accurate? A. It represented a vow to defend the Western Hemisphere against European intervention. B. It signaled to Japan that the United States was the predominant military power in the Pacific. C. It was a warning to Central and South American nations to accept a colony-like status vis-à-vis the United States. D. It held that the United States had the right to exercise an international police power. E. The Roosevelt Corollary strongly limited the sovereignty of Canada.
D. It held that the United States had the right to exercise an international police power.
Which statement about the Red Scare is FALSE? A. Officials believed that labor strikes were connected to the Russian Revolution. B. The government deported hundreds of immigrant radicals. C. It eroded Mitchell Palmer's career as an anticommunist government agent. D. It resulted in a wave of sympathy for persecuted workers. E. It all but destroyed the IWW and the Socialist Party.
D. It resulted in a wave of sympathy for persecuted workers.
Why did World War I threaten to tear the women's suffrage movement apart? A. A large number of activists were German-American. B. The leadership of the suffrage movement was predominantly socialist. C. Many of the women in leadership positions were recruited into government service. D. Many suffragists had been associated with opposition to American involvement in the war. E. The demands of the home front pulled women away from political activism.
D. Many suffragists had been associated with opposition to American involvement in the war.
Which of the following was a consequence of race-based explanations for expansion by United States leaders? A. Such explanations led American leaders to study other societies and cultures so that they could create a world community of nations based on mutual respect and cooperation. B. Such explanations led United States policymakers to make unwise concessions to some nations because they were considered to be weak and inferior and in need of aid. C. Such explanations hampered the development of a modern navy because they led United States leaders to believe that God would always protect Americans. D. Such explanations justified domination and war, and thus downplayed the usefulness of diplomacy.
D. Such explanations justified domination and war, and thus downplayed the usefulness of diplomacy.
Assess the way in which the Committee on Public Information presented its message to encourage Americans to remain loyal and support the war effort? A. The Creel Committee often relied on veiled threats. B. The CPI frequently invoked the alien and sedition acts. C. The CPI rhetoric commonly tried to pit immigrants against native-born Americans. D. The CPI packaged its appeals in the language of social cooperation and an expanded democracy. E. The Creel Committee combined its patriotic appeals with advertisements on special bargains for household goods.
D. The CPI packaged its appeals in the language of social cooperation and an expanded democracy.
Had the Teller Amendment been applied to the Philippines and Cuba, how would it have changed the Spanish-American War? A. Cuba would have become an associated territory as well. B. The United States would have never fought the Spanish navy at Manila. C. The Filipino nationalist movement would not have emerged. D. The United States would have been barred from annexing the Philippines. E. The United States would have benefitted from German weapons imports.
D. The United States would have been barred from annexing the Philippines.
Why did new industries in electronics and chemicals increase their productivity and output so significantly in the 1920s? A. They hired more skilled workers. B. They used heretofore unknown raw materials. C. They depended heavily on government subsidies. D. They successfully applied Ford's moving assembly line technology. E. They outsourced much of their work to factories overseas.
D. They successfully applied Ford's moving assembly line technology.
How did World War I and the rhetoric of freedom shape the labor movement and workers' expectations? A. World War I had a minimal impact on the labor movement. B. There were very few labor strikes after the war. C. War time propaganda turned the labor movement toward nationalism. D. War time rhetoric inspired hopes for social and economic justice. E. Workers abandoned their push for the eight-hour day.
D. War time rhetoric inspired hopes for social and economic justice.
The administration of which president was plagued with scandals? A. Woodrow Wilson B. Calvin Coolidge C. Herbert Hoover D. Warren Harding E. Theodore Roosevelt
D. Warren Harding
During the Scopes trial, Clarence Darrow, the defense lawyer, questioned whom as a supposedly expert witness about the Bible? A. Billy Sunday B. John D. Rockefeller C. Woodrow Wilson D. William Jennings Bryan E. John Scopes
D. William Jennings Bryan
President Harding's call for a return to normalcy meant: A. bringing back the Progressive spirit of reform. B. demobilizing from World War I. C. getting women back into the home from their wartime jobs. D. a call for the regular order of things, without Progressive reform. E. an end to the radicalism of the Red Scare.
D. a call for the regular order of things, without Progressive reform.
The Platt Amendment: A. recognized Cuban autonomy. B. granted independence to Puerto Rico. C. limited the U.S. presence in the Philippines. D. authorized the United States to intervene militarily in Cuba. E. declared Cuba a colony of the United States.
D. authorized the United States to intervene militarily in Cuba.
What did Calvin Coolidge believe was the chief business of the American people? A. civil rights B. internationalism C. spreading liberty D. business E. going to church
D. business
The "white man's burden": A. refers to the horrors of lynching. B. refers to the failure of Reconstruction. C. was a term coined by Mark Twain. D. comes from a poem by Rudyard Kipling. E. comes from a speech by Booker T. Washington.
D. comes from a poem by Rudyard Kipling.
Supreme Court Justice Louis Brandeis: A. generally voted with Oliver Wendell Holmes to further limit free speech. B. was a conservative force during the 1920s. C. voted in favor of the Hays Code. D. crafted an intellectual defense of civil liberties during the 1920s. E. voted in support of Anita Whitney's attempt to overturn her conviction.
D. crafted an intellectual defense of civil liberties during the 1920s.
From 1914 to 1916, U.S. intervention in Mexico: A. was welcomed by the Mexican people. B. led to the U.S. takeover of Mexico. C. liberated Mexico from Spain. D. demonstrated the weaknesses of Wilson's foreign policy. E. demonstrated that the United States could successfully use force to reorder the affairs of nations.
D. demonstrated the weaknesses of Wilson's foreign policy.
Agriculture in the 1920s: A. enjoyed its golden age. B. did not see an increase in mechanization or use of fertilizers and insecticides. C. did not significantly increase production. D. experienced declining incomes and increased bank foreclosures. E. experienced an increase in the number of farms and farmers.
D. experienced declining incomes and increased bank foreclosures.
During the 1920s, American multinational corporations: A. resisted new ventures abroad in the aftermath of World War I. B. demonstrated limited interest in controlling raw materials in other countries. C. produced few automobiles for international markets. D. extended their reach throughout the world. E. reduced investments overseas.
D. extended their reach throughout the world.
Theodore Roosevelt's taking of the Panama Canal Zone is an example of: A. his ability to speak softly in diplomatic situations when he knew he was outgunned. B. international Progressivism— the United States was intervening with the sole purpose to uplift the peoples of Central America. C. liberal internationalism, since he worked closely with the French to work out a deal favorable to Panama. D. his belief that civilized nations had an obligation to establish order in an unruly world. E. one of the many wars in which Roosevelt involved the United States.
D. his belief that civilized nations had an obligation to establish order in an unruly world.
In response to the Russian Revolution that led to the creation of the communist Soviet Union, the United States: A. diplomatically recognized the Soviet Union. B. aided supporters of communist rule in the Soviet Union during a civil war in 1918. C. invited the Soviet Union to the Versailles peace conference. D. joined Allied efforts to overturn its government. E. invited Vladimir Lenin, the head of the Soviet Union, to the United States.
D. joined Allied efforts to overturn its government.
The Industrial Workers of the World and most of the Socialist Party: A. supported U.S. entry into World War I. B. remained neutral. C. encouraged their members to join in the war effort. D. opposed the war. E. worked with the Committee on Public Information.
D. opposed the war.
"Americanization": A. was another term for "Fordism." B. was supported by all Progressives. C. recognized diversity. D. refers to the process of assimilation. E. refers to an economic system.
D. refers to the process of assimilation.
The Fourteen Points: A. were proposed by Germany. B. were endorsed by all the Allies. C. established the right of imperial governments to rule. D. sought to establish the right of national self-determination. E. supported the Bolshevik Revolution.
D. sought to establish the right of national self-determination.
The policy of U.S. neutrality was: A. honored by all the combatants. B. tested only by the British. C. tested only by the Germans. D. tested by both the British and Germans. E. vetoed by President Wilson.
D. tested by both the British and Germans.
What triggered the surge of conservative governments in central Europe at the end of World War I? A. A worldwide revolutionary upsurge. B. The killing of the tsar during the Russian revolution. C. The British suppression of the Indian nationalist movement. D. The revival of the Austrian Hungarian and Ottoman Empire. E. The disintegration of European families in the wake of urbanization.
A. A worldwide revolutionary upsurge.
As a consequence of the sinking of the Maine, A. Congress authorized President McKinley's request for $50 million in defense funds. B. Spain agreed to allow the United States to arbitrate the dispute between Cuban insurgents and the Spanish government. C. Cuban terrorists bombed the Spanish embassy in Washington, D.C. D. Enrique Dupuy de Lôme publicly belittled President McKinley.
A. Congress authorized President McKinley's request for $50 million in defense funds.
Many forces predisposed Ku Klux Klan members to accept the group's exclusionary message without much analysis. These forces included all of the following EXCEPT: A. Coolidge's economic policies. B. the 1915 film release of Birth of a Nation. C. "100 percent Americanism," which developed during World War I. D. the 1921 and 1924 Immigration Acts. E. the rise of fundamentalism.
A. Coolidge's economic policies.
Which of the following is true of both the Venezuelan crisis and the Cuban crisis? A. In both instances, the United States insisted that it would set the rules of conduct in the Western Hemisphere. B. Both situations indicated a willingness on the part of European powers to back down in the face of American might. C. Both situations contributed to a general deterioration of American relations with the European powers. D. In both instances, the United States waged war without a congressional decision to do so.
A. In both instances, the United States insisted that it would set the rules of conduct in the Western Hemisphere.
Assess the impact of the bombing of the New York Stock Exchange in September 1920. A. It triggered the notorious raids against radical labor organizations. B. It caused the death of forty people. C. It prompted the American Communist Party to strengthen its ties to the Soviet regime in Moscow. D. It rekindled anticommunist repression and led to the conviction and execution of five conspirators. E. The bomb did not kill anyone, but it triggered a worldwide stock market collapse and recession.
A. It triggered the notorious raids against radical labor organizations.
Which group was first identified with the term "illegal alien"? A. Southern and Eastern Europeans B. Mexican-Americans C. Irish Americans D. African- Americans E. Filipinos
A. Southern and Eastern Europeans
Which of the following elements of President Wilson's Fourteen Points most resembled the commissions Progressives had instituted back home? A. The League of Nations. B. The right to free trade. C. The readjustment of colonial claims. D. The principle of self-determination for all nations. E. The "guilt clause" for Germany.
A. The League of Nations.
Which statement about the Spanish-American War is TRUE? A. The war lasted only four months and resulted in less than 400 U.S. battle casualties. B. Congress indicated that it was going to war to annex Cuba. C. The war came as little surprise given the fact that William McKinley campaigned in 1896 on a platform favoring imperial expansion. D. Admiral Dewey secured Manila Bay by defeating the Spanish in a bloody three-day battle. E. The treaty that ended the war granted U.S. citizenship to the peoples of the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam.
A. The war lasted only four months and resulted in less than 400 U.S. battle casualties.
When Eugene Debs was sentenced under the Espionage Act, what did he tell the jury? A. that he was happy to serve as a martyr for his cause, like John Brown had before him B. that Woodrow Wilson was an inept president who ought to be sentenced for sending young men into battle C. that as a Socialist he rejected the Constitution of the United States D. that Americans in the past who spoke out against colonialism, slavery, or the Mexican War were not indicted or charged with treason E. that he was not a Communist spy as he had been charged and that he had been wrongly accused by his political opponents.
D. that Americans in the past who spoke out against colonialism, slavery, or the Mexican War were not indicted or charged with treason
The trial and execution of Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti demonstrated that: A. the 1920s was a de cade of reconciliation. B. the Red Scare increased constitutional freedoms. C. antiradical sentiment declined following World War I. D. the Red Scare extended into the 1920s. E. prejudice against immigrant communities declined after World War I.
D. the Red Scare extended into the 1920s.
For the feminist woman in the 1920s, freedom meant: A. voting. B. owning her own property. C. the ERA. D. the right to choose her lifestyle. E. becoming a wife and mother.
D. the right to choose her lifestyle.
The Teapot Dome scandal involved: A. President Harding's illicit affair with a young woman. B. the Veterans' Bureau, which took bribes from the sale of government supplies. C. the attorney general, who took bribes not to prosecute accused criminals. D. the secretary of the interior, who received money in exchange for leasing government oil reserves to private companies. E. Herbert Hoover, who received money in exchange for granting favored trading status to Great Britain.
D. the secretary of the interior, who received money in exchange for leasing government oil reserves to private companies.
The annexation of the Hawaiian Islands was preceded by A. a request for such action by Queen Lili'uokalani. B. the discovery by the State Department that Japan was planning to annex the islands. C. a revolution in which all foreign business interests were forced out of the islands. D. the seizure of Hawaii's government, which was plotted by American sugar growers and carried out with the assistance of American troops.
D. the seizure of Hawaii's government, which was plotted by American sugar growers and carried out with the assistance of American troops.
In 1919: A. political unrest was confined to Europe. B. labor and business cooperated. C. every industry but steel went on strike. D. there was much unrest and many strikes. E. workers continued to honor the no-strike pledge.
D. there was much unrest and many strikes.
In the presidential election of 1916, Woodrow Wilson: A. chose not to run for reelection. B. lost to the Republican candidate, Charles Evans Hughes. C. was reelected when he promised to support the war effort. D. used the campaign slogan "He Kept Us Out of War." E. received fewer votes in states where women had the right to vote.
D. used the campaign slogan "He Kept Us Out of War."
U.S. control of the Panama Canal Zone: A. was welcomed by the Colombians. B. lasted only until 1914. C. was deemed inappropriate by most Americans. D. was part of Theodore Roosevelt's policy of intervention in Central America. E. was part of Woodrow Wilson's policy of intervention in Central America.
D. was part of Theodore Roosevelt's policy of intervention in Central America.
During the 1920s, consumer goods: A. were marketed only to wealthy Americans. B. had little impact on American life. C. included vacuum cleaners and washing machines, which Americans paid for exclusively in cash. D. were frequently purchased on credit. E. increased the demand for domestic servants.
D. were frequently purchased on credit.
Who wrote The Melting Pot and gave a popular name to the immigrants' process of assimilation and adaptation in the United States? A. Jane Addams B. Henry Ford C. Randolph Bourne D. Woodrow Wilson E. Israel Zangwill
E. Israel Zangwill
All of the statements about Prohibition during the 1920s are true EXCEPT: A. Prohibition reduced American consumption of alcohol. B. Prohibition was violated by many Americans. C. Prohibition led to widespread corruption among law officials. D. Prohibition led to large profits for the owners of speakeasies and for the bootleggers who supplied them. E. Religious fundamentalists opposed Prohibition on the grounds that it violated freedom.
E. Religious fundamentalists opposed Prohibition on the grounds that it violated freedom.
Those who advocated the acquisition of an American empire in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century espoused which of the following ideas? A. When the United States intervenes and remakes the societies of weaker nations, it is extending the benefits of liberty and prosperity to less fortunate people. B. Because the American empire will be built by peaceful means, there is no need for expansion of the navy. C. American involvement in other lands will be confined to the sharing of American technology and will be initiated only at the request of foreign peoples. D. In acquiring colonies abroad, the United States must allow the peoples of those lands to shape their own economic and political destiny.
A. When the United States intervenes and remakes the societies of weaker nations, it is extending the benefits of liberty and prosperity to less fortunate people.
All of the following statements about Woodrow Wilson's political ideology and policies are true EXCEPT: A. Wilson believed that people under colonial rule deserved immediate independence. B. The Wilsonian rhetoric of self-determination reverberated across the globe. C. Wilson inspired countries in Asia and Africa to ask for self-determination and equality. D. Wilson saw American soldiers leading the rest of the world to liberty. E. Wilson supported the American annexation of the Philippines.
A. Wilson believed that people under colonial rule deserved immediate independence.
Why did cigarettes become known as "torches of freedom" during the 1920s? A. Women began to smoke cigarettes as an expression of personal freedom. B. Soldiers returning from the war identified the modest comfort of a cigarette with American freedom. C. For African-Americans in northern cities, cigarette smoking was an expression of a new and freer urban lifestyle. D. By smoking American brand cigarettes, immigrants could embrace American culture and leave behind the stigma of their ethnicity. E. The prohibition of tobacco in many states made smoking an open act of rebellion.
A. Women began to smoke cigarettes as an expression of personal freedom.
"Banned in Boston" referred to: A. a book ban in the city, including books by Ernest Hemingway. B. Prohibition coming to the city and the elimination of all liquor. C. the crackdown on prostitution and gambling, both perceived to be run by the Irish. D. the condemnation of Americanization programs, meaning diversity was celebrated in the city. E. Calvin Coolidge's tenure as governor when he banned all strikes of public service employees.
A. a book ban in the city, including books by Ernest Hemingway.
Wilson's Fourteen Points included all of the following principles EXCEPT: A. an end to colonization. B. self-determination for all nations. C. freedom of the seas. D. open diplomacy. E. free trade.
A. an end to colonization.
During the 1920s: A. an estimated 40 percent of the population remained in poverty. B. real wages rose faster than corporate profits. C. wealth became more evenly distributed. D. small auto companies flourished. E. New England experienced an industrial revival.
A. an estimated 40 percent of the population remained in poverty.
Railroads were to the late nineteenth century what ___________ were to the 1920s. A. cars B. TVs C. stock markets D. telephones E. airplanes
A. cars
Besides the family, the institutions most supportive of separate ethnic identities for immigrants were: A. churches. B. the Naturalization and Immigration Ser vice. C. Congress. D. employers. E. the NAACP.
A. churches.
The Roosevelt Corollary: A. claimed the right of the United States to act as a police power in the Western Hemisphere. B. claimed the right of the United States to act as a police power in Asia. C. claimed the right of the United States to act as a police power in Africa. D. was also known as Dollar Diplomacy. E. contradicted the Monroe Doctrine.
A. claimed the right of the United States to act as a police power in the Western Hemisphere.
During his presidency, Woodrow Wilson: A. dismissed numerous black federal employees. B. banned the showing of the movie Birth of a Nation at the White House. C. outlawed discrimination in federal agencies. D. appointed several black judges. E. built on his civil rights record as governor of Virginia.
A. dismissed numerous black federal employees.
The flapper: A. epitomized the change in standards of sexual behavior. B. represented a new political movement. C. represented a new economic radicalism. D. disapproved of smoking. E. demanded a return to earlier standards of behavior.
A. epitomized the change in standards of sexual behavior.
During the age of empire, American racial attitudes: A. had a global impact. B. inspired Canada to grant Chinese immigrants equal rights. C. inspired Australians to grant suffrage to native peoples. D. influenced South Africans' decision to abandon apartheid. E. had a limited impact.
A. had a global impact.
The Harlem Renaissance: A. included writers and poets such as Langston Hughes and Claude McKay. B. included singers such as Etta James and Dinah Washington. C. privileged African heritage over the Southern experience. D. downplayed racism in America. E. represented a rejection of capitalism.
A. included writers and poets such as Langston Hughes and Claude McKay.
The Scopes trial illustrated a divide between: A. modernism and fundamentalism. B. Progressives and Democrats. C. liberalism and conservativism. D. cultural diversity and nativism. E. feminism and machismo.
A. modernism and fundamentalism.
American foreign policy during the 1920s: A. reflected the close relationship between government and business. B. expanded on Woodrow Wilson's goal of internationalism. C. included the lowering of tariffs. D. discouraged American business investment abroad. E. included a complete retreat from military intervention.
A. reflected the close relationship between government and business.
In response to immigration restrictions and the Klan, southern and eastern Europeans: A. reinvented themselves as ethnic Americans. B. created more assertive procedures for Americanization. C. posed legal challenges to the 1924 Immigration Act. D. became central players in most public policy of the 1920s. E. became the target of resentment from other immigrant groups.
A. reinvented themselves as ethnic Americans.
During World War I, most Progressives: A. supported U.S. entry into the war. B. did not support the war. C. were ambivalent. D. were pacifists. E. supported the Germans.
A. supported U.S. entry into the war.
In contrast to the expansion of the 1890s, U.S. interests in Alaska originated in a desire for: A. territory. B. religious conversion. C. petroleum resources. D. the fur trade. E. salmon.
A. territory
All of the following statements about the Great Steel Strike of 1919 are true EXCEPT: A. the strike involved mostly nonimmigrant workers. B. the strike was centered in Chicago. C. the strike involved 365,000 workers. D. workers demanded union recognition. E. workers won an eight-hour day.
A. the strike involved mostly nonimmigrant workers.
Eugenics is: A. the study of the supposed mental characteristics of different races. B. the movement toward colonization in Africa by blacks from the United States. C. the practice of using poison gas by the Germans during World War I. D. the socialist strategy of infiltrating labor unions in the United States. E. the genetic modification of human behavior.
A. the study of the supposed mental characteristics of different races.
The Treaty of Versailles: A. was never ratified by the United States Senate. B. was supported by Republicans. C. was written by Henry Cabot Lodge. D. ended American involvement in Mexico. E. created the United Nations.
A. was never ratified by the United States Senate.
As war broke out in Europe, Americans: A. were deeply divided. B. were rather ambivalent. C. mostly supported the British. D. mostly supported the Germans. E. supported U.S. involvement.
A. were deeply divided.
The Espionage Act (1917) and the Sedition Act (1918): A. were the first federal restrictions on free speech since 1798. B. drew mostly from similar language in state law. C. came after strong public calls for a more "defensible democracy." D. copied similar legislation from Germany, Russia, and the Ottoman Empire. E. were put on the books but never applied.
A. were the first federal restrictions on free speech since 1798.
In 1928, Herbert Hoover: A. won the presidency because of his reputation and the nation's prosperity. B. lost the presidency, primarily because he was a Catholic. C. called for a repeal of Prohibition. D. won the presidency with the promise of tax cuts and economic recovery. E. won the presidency despite his lack of government experience.
A. won the presidency because of his reputation and the nation's prosperity.
Journalists who worked for newspapers like William Randolph Hearst's New York Journal, which sensationalized events to sell papers, were called: A. yellow journalists. B. trustees. C. social reformers. D. muckrakers.
A. yellow journalists.
All of the following statements about the Palmer Raids are true EXCEPT: A. the Palmer Raids were part of the Red Scare. B. George Creel oversaw the Palmer Raids. C. over 5,000 people were arrested during the Palmer Raids. D. the government deported hundreds of radicals. E. the Palmer Raids sparked a new interest in civil liberties.
B. George Creel oversaw the Palmer Raids.
Which of the following stated that the Constitution did not fully apply to the territories recently acquired by the United States? A. Teller Amendment B. Insular Cases C. Platt Amendment D. Plessy v. Ferguson E. Chinese Exclusion Act
B. Insular Cases
Which of the following trends of the 1920s did fundamentalists support? A. The easing of restrictions on immigration. B. The prohibition of liquor sales. C. Military interventionism. D. Socialism. E. Increasing income taxes on the wealthy.
B. The prohibition of liquor sales.
Which statement about politics in the 1920s is FALSE? A. Voter turnout had fallen dramatically since the turn of the century. B. Women took an active role in national politics, mostly with the Republican Party. C. Republicans controlled the White House and supported pro- business policies. D. The South was dominated by the Democratic Party. E. Congress restricted certain groups of people from entering the United States.
B. Women took an active role in national politics, mostly with the Republican Party.
According to Andre Siegfried, what did Americans consider to be a "sacred acquisition"? A. the right to vote B. a standard of living C. ownership of a home D. working for a living wage E. civil liberties
B. a standard of living
Which would NOT be considered a characteristic of a flapper? A. had bobbed hair B. advocated temperance C. used birth control D. wore short skirts E. smoked in public
B. advocated temperance
On April 2, 1917, Woodrow Wilson asked Congress for a declaration of war: A. against Britain, "to make the world safe for democracy." B. against Germany, "to make the world safe for democracy." C. against Russia, "to make the world safe for democracy." D. that was turned down. E. that was passed unanimously.
B. against Germany, "to make the world safe for democracy."
Senators opposing America's participation in the League of Nations: A. believed that it was too complicated an organization to join. B. argued that it would threaten to deprive the country of its freedom of action. C. complained that they would only support it if the league was located in New York. D. were convinced that Great Britain was not going to join, thus making it a weak organization. E. were ultimately defeated, and the United States joined the league in 1921.
B. argued that it would threaten to deprive the country of its freedom of action.
In their 1929 study, Middletown, Robert and Helen Lynd: A. found that Americans were increasingly involved in local politics. B. argued that leisure and consumption had replaced political involvement. C. based their findings on a study of Los Angeles and New York City. D. based their findings on a study of Chicago. E. noted the increase in voter participation with the enfranchisement of women.
B. argued that leisure and consumption had replaced political involvement.
The Nineteenth Amendment: A. barred states from using race as a qualification for voting. B. barred states from using sex as a qualification for voting. C. was never ratified. D. prohibited states from denying Chinese immigrants the right to vote. E. prohibited states from denying any immigrants the right to vote.
B. barred states from using sex as a qualification for voting.
Cultural pluralism: A. was the adopted philosophy of the Ku Klux Klan. B. described a society that accepted ethnic diversity. C. was denounced by Randolph Bourne. D. described the mood in Congress when it passed the Immigration Act. E. was the driving force behind the conviction of Sacco and Vanzetti.
B. described a society that accepted ethnic diversity.
The Ku Klux Klan: A. declined in the 1920s and eventually disappeared completely. B. flourished in the early 1920s, especially in the North and West. C. had fewer than 500 members nationwide by the mid-1920s. D. continued to only target African-Americans. E. was limited in its political influence.
B. flourished in the early 1920s, especially in the North and West.
During the 1920s: A. the Federal Trade Commission aggressively regulated business. B. government polices reflected the pro- business ethos of the decade. C. Nebraska senator George W. Norris represented big business. D. the Harding administration distanced itself from the business community. E. the courts became increasingly pro-labor.
B. government polices reflected the pro- business ethos of the de cade.
In the Insular Cases, the Supreme Court: A. determined that Puerto Ricans and Filipinos would become U.S. citizens in 1904. B. held that the Constitution did not fully apply to the territories acquired by the United States during the Spanish-American War. C. determined that Puerto Ricans and Filipinos were entitled to the same rights as U.S. citizens. D. held that the annexation of the Philippines violated the Fourteenth Amendment. E. ruled that the Foraker Act of 1900, which declared Puerto Rico an "insular territory," was unconstitutional.
B. held that the Constitution did not fully apply to the territories acquired by the United States during the Spanish-American War.
In the 1920s, movies, radios, and phonographs: A. were all out of reach of most consumers. B. helped create and spread a new celebrity culture. C. were not yet available. D. appealed only to women. E. were only available in urban areas.
B. helped create and spread a new celebrity culture.
Which phrase accurately describes the scene in Paris upon Woodrow Wilson's arrival? A. empty streets and eerie silence B. huge, enthusiastic crowds C. angry mobs D. normal city activity, apathetic to his arrival E. a sincere commitment to rebuilding the city
B. huge, enthusiastic crowds
What were the National Catholic Welfare Council and the Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith lobbying for in the 1920s? A. more Catholic and Jewish schools funded by federal monies B. laws prohibiting discrimination against immigrants by employers, colleges, and government agencies C. benevolent societies for religious groups to be supported by the federal government in the major East Coast cities D. a stronger effort by the federal government to dismantle the Ku Klux Klan E. a new immigration law to overturn the Immigration Act of 1924
B. laws prohibiting discrimination against immigrants by employers, colleges, and government agencies
During the 1890s, leaders who favored economic expansion but not the annexation of overseas territory A. became more vocal and began to dominate government decision making. B. lost ground to those who advocated imperialism. C. completely abandoned their position in the aftermath of the Spanish-American-Cuban- Filipino War. D. came to be concentrated almost exclusively in the Republican party
B. lost ground to those who advocated imperialism.
Woodrow Wilson's moral imperialism in Latin America produced: A. eight years of unprecedented stability in the region. B. more military interventions than any other president before or since. C. economic growth and diversity for the region. D. very little to show for the policy, as his attention was mostly on Europe. E. strong allies for the United States in World War I, especially Mexico.
B. more military interventions than any other president before or since.
The Scopes trial of 1925: A. involved a teacher who espoused Social Darwinism. B. pitted creationists against evolutionists. C. was a victory for religious fundamentalism. D. was a victory for birth- control advocates. E. ended once and for all the discussion of teaching the theory of evolution in public schools.
B. pitted creationists against evolutionists.
The Fourteen Points attempted to: A. consolidate political power at home. B. provide a peace agenda to create a new world order. C. quiet growing criticism from the Republicans that Wilson was an inept leader. D. outline the Progressive Party's campaign platform for the 1920 election. E. organize alliances after the war among fourteen prominent nations.
B. provide a peace agenda to create a new world order.
Woodrow Wilson's foreign policy rhetoric focused on: A. public ownership of all property. B. self-determination. C. stopping all colonialism immediately. D. punishing Germany. E. stockpiling arms to be prepared for the next war.
B. self-determination.
America's empire in the early twentieth century was all of the following EXCEPT: A. economic. B. territorial. C. cultural. D. intellectual. E. commercial.
B. territorial.
Which act restricted the freedom of speech by authorizing the arrest of anyone who made "false statements" that might impede military success? A. the Alien Act B. the Espionage Act C. the War Powers Act D. the Committee on Public Information Act E. the Patriot Act
B. the Espionage Act
Captain Alfred T. Mahan argued that the nation's economic well-being depended on A. a commitment to educational excellence. B. the building of an efficient navy to protect American shipping. C. doubling the size of the United States Army. D. the spread of democratic principles throughout the world.
B. the building of an efficient navy to protect American shipping.
Which issue became the focus of the 1928 presidential race? A. the qualifications of Hoover to be president B. the fact that Alfred Smith was Catholic C. government regulations on business D. immigration policy E. what global leadership role America should take
B. the fact that Alfred Smith was Catholic
African- Americans migrated north during the Great Migration for all of the following reasons EXCEPT: A. the prospect of higher wages. B. the opportunity to help other blacks protest. C. escaping the threat of lynching. D. the prospect of being able to vote. E. being able to educate their children.
B. the opportunity to help other blacks protest.
American territorial expansionism: A. began in 1890. B. was a feature of American life since well before independence. C. began with the Spanish- American War. D. began with the war in the Philippines. E. began with the Monroe Doctrine.
B. was a feature of American life since well before independence.
The Philippine War: A. resulted in Filipino independence. B. was far longer and bloodier than the Spanish-American War. C. was little debated at the time. D. was part of the American effort to liberate the Philippines. E. is well remembered today.
B. was far longer and bloodier than the Spanish-American War.
After the 1890s, American expansionism: A. was limited to North America. B. was partly fueled by the need to stimulate American exports. C. was welcomed by the majority of Hawaiians. D. discouraged patriotism. E. was denounced by writers such as Josiah Strong and Alfred T. Mahan.
B. was partly fueled by the need to stimulate American exports.
Which of the following statements would have been prosecuted under the Sedition Act of 1918? A. "I like German music." B. "We may lose this war." C. "I call on you to boycott the draft." D. "Conscientious objectors deserve to be shot." E. "Heil Hitler."
C. "I call on you to boycott the draft."
All of the following statements about Emilio Aguinaldo are true EXCEPT: A. Aguinaldo led the Filipino armed struggle for independence against Spain. B. Aguinaldo led the Filipinos in the war against the United States. C. Aguinaldo believed that Filipinos could only govern themselves with U.S. assistance. D. Aguinaldo opposed American imperialism. E. Aguinaldo argued that the United States was betraying its own values by annexing the Philippines.
C. Aguinaldo believed that Filipinos could only govern themselves with U.S. assistance.
Which of the following best characterizes the relationship Progressives had with civil liberties up to and during much of World War I? A. It had been on the top of their agenda for decades. B. Progressives had resented civil liberties for the way it limited collective action. C. Civil liberties had never been a major concern for Progressives. D. Progressives had always considered civil liberties the foundation of a functioning democracy. E. Progressives believed that civil liberties could only be secured with the containment of immigration.
C. Civil liberties had never been a major concern for Progressives.
What broad popular sentiments did the Ku Klux Klan express in the 1920s? A. African-Americans and immigrants should not be allowed to vote. B. Prohibition should only be applied to non-whites. C. Control of the nation should be returned to native-born Protestants. D. Southern states should never quit their fight for complete home rule. E. Women's suffrage was a violation of natural law and needed to be repealed.
C. Control of the nation should be returned to native-born Protestants.
Which of the following became the world's leader in office supplies in the 1920s? A. General Electric B. International Telephone and Telegraph C. International Business Machines D. Ford Motor Company E. American Standard
C. International Business Machines
How did eugenics shape public policy during World War I? A. It opened American's eyes to the commonalities both native- born citizens and immigrants had. B. It successfully undermined nativism and exposed it for the bigotry it was. C. It provided anti- immigrant sentiment with an air of professional expertise. D. It proved the superior traits of allied soldiers over German soldiers. E. It led to a ban on military service for African-Americans.
C. It provided anti- immigrant sentiment with an air of professional expertise.
Which city was considered the "capital" of black America in the 1920s? A. Chicago B. Detroit C. New York D. Los Angeles E. New Orleans
C. New York
Who was sentenced to death in a controversial criminal trial? A. Felix Frankfurter B. Eugene Debs C. Nicola Sacco D. Clarence Darrow E. Leo Frank
C. Nicola Sacco
Assess the effectiveness of President Woodrow Wilson's response to Mexico's Civil War. A. While the United States was able to bring peace to the region, it also undermined the democratic process. B. In his zealous attempt to remove the dictator Porfirio Diaz, Wilson ended up destabilizing all of Central America. C. Wilson's attempts to teach Mexican people how to select good men only led to the war spilling over into the United States. D. President Wilson's efforts to support the popular leader "Pancho" Villa resulted in 10,000 troops added to the fighting between the troops of Huerta and Madero. E. If General John Pershing had not undermined the military operation with his own corruption, Wilson's response to Villa would have been very effective.
C. Wilson's attempts to teach Mexican people how to select good men only led to the war spilling over into the United States.
The anti- German crusade included which of the following measures? A. barring German children from school B. conscribing all German immigrants for military service C. banning German music D. placing all German immigrants in internment camps E. barring German-Americans from serving in the military
C. banning German music
The leaders who guided American foreign relations between 1865 and 1914 A. failed to recognize the relationship between expansion and economic growth. B. allowed foreign policy to be shaped almost exclusively by public opinion. C. believed that exertion of American influence abroad would help maintain prosperity at home. D. rejected the concept of power politics, advancing instead the idea that all nations are equals in the world community
C. believed that exertion of American influence abroad would help maintain prosperity at home.
"The Great Migration" refers to: A. whites settling the West. B. Indian removal. C. blacks moving from the South to the North. D. blacks moving from the North to the South. E. the massive influx of southern and eastern European immigrants.
C. blacks moving from the South to the North.
The Spanish-American War: A. lasted several years. B. was a victory for Spain. C. brought the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico under U.S. control. D. resulted in thousands of U.S. combat deaths. E. ended American expansionism.
C. brought the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico under U.S. control.
Most American deaths in the Spanish-American-Cuban-Filipino War were caused by A. combat wounds. B. tainted food. C. disease. D. heat stroke.
C. disease.
During World War I, federal powers: A. stayed the same. B. were delegated to the states. C. expanded greatly. D. were limited. E. were placed with the Allied command.
C. expanded greatly.
During World War I, the federal government: A. intervened minimally in the economy. B. encouraged farmers only to produce for American consumption. C. increased corporate and individual income taxes. D. pursued a laissez-faire economic policy. E. established the minimum wage and the eight-hour day.
C. increased corporate and individual income taxes.
In his piece in The Crisis, W. E. B. Du Bois states that the United States is a shameful land for all of the following reasons EXCEPT: A. it lynches. B. it disfranchises its own citizens. C. it under employs its workers. D. it encourages ignorance. E. it insults blacks.
C. it under employs its workers.
The Boxer Rebellion against foreign presence in China A. drove the imperialist powers out of China. B. led the major powers officially to approve the Open Door policy. C. led the imperialist nations, including the United States, to send troops to China. D. brought the United States and Japan to the verge of war because of American support for the nationalist Chinese rebels.
C. led the imperialist nations, including the United States, to send troops to China.
The Zimmermann Telegram: A. helped assure Americans that Germany was not a threat. B. clarified British war aims. C. outlined the German plan for an attack on the United States by Mexico. D. outlined the British plan for an attack on the United States by Mexico. E. outlined the Fourteen Points.
C. outlined the German plan for an attack on the United States by Mexico.
The primary intent of the Open Door notes of 1899 and 1900 was to A. institute an educational exchange program with China. B. further the work of Christian missionaries in China. C. protect American commercial interests in China. D. increase naval strength in the Far East.
C. protect American commercial interests in China.
The Treaty of Versailles: A. was a fair and reasonable document given the circumstances. B. allowed Germany equal participation in the negotiation process. C. required Germany to pay more than $33 billion in reparations. D. rejected Wilson's idea for a League of Nations. E. declared Ireland's independence.
C. required Germany to pay more than $33 billion in reparations.
The Teller Amendment stated that: A. the United States would annex the Philippines. B. Cuba was to be a protectorate of the United States. C. the United States would not annex Cuba. D. Puerto Rico was to become a territory of the United States. E. the United States would not annex the Philippines.
C. the United States would not annex Cuba.
Most Progressives saw World War I as a golden opportunity because: A. they believed that the United States would profit from the war. B. they supported the socialist ideas of Vladimir Lenin. C. they hoped to disseminate Progressive values around the globe. D. they saw an opportunity to completely restrict immigration. E. it enabled blacks a chance for economic improvement through defense jobs.
C. they hoped to disseminate Progressive values around the globe.
Calvin Coolidge had won national fame for: A. negotiating a steel strike in 1921. B. signing a new reparations agreement with Germany in 1923. C. using state troops against striking Boston policemen in 1919. D. being convicted for his involvement in the Teapot Dome Scandal. E. his mingling with the new entertainment elite in Hollywood.
C. using state troops against striking Boston policemen in 1919.
The Committee on Public Information: A. was directed by William Jennings Bryan. B. protected civil liberties. C. was a government agency that sought to shape public opinion. D. was affiliated with the Socialist Party. E. was limited in its efforts.
C. was a government agency that sought to shape public opinion.
In 1899, President William McKinley explained in an interview with Methodist Church leaders that his decision to annex the Philippines: A. was an easy foreign-policy decision. B. was dishonorable and undermined U.S. democracy. C. was in part based on his desire to educate and uplift the Filipinos. D. was bad for U.S. business interests. E. was part of his plan to grant Filipinos U.S. citizenship.
C. was in part based on his desire to educate and uplift the Filipinos.
Dollar Diplomacy: A. characterizes the foreign policy of Theodore Roosevelt. B. was put in place by Woodrow Wilson regarding Mexico. C. was used by William Howard Taft instead of military intervention. D. was seldom used and never successfully. E. was applied only in Asia.
C. was used by William Howard Taft instead of military intervention.
"Slumming" meant: A. blacks migrating from the South to the North during the Great Migration. B. flappers not working and living off their parents' wealth. C. whites going to Harlem's dancehalls, jazz clubs, and speakeasies. D. speculating on the stock market. E. living in the Hoovervilles.
C. whites going to Harlem's dancehalls, jazz clubs, and speakeasies.
How was American life different in the 1920s than in the years prior? A. In this new era of consumerism, Americans drank more heavily. B. Women's suffrage led to a new wave of political activism among both women and men. C. The strict standards of morality imposed by the fundamentalist revival meant that Americans had less sex. D. Although Americans worked hard in an increasingly industrial world, they also enjoyed more vacations. E. Interracial marriages became far more common in this more urban and modern society.
D. Although Americans worked hard in an increasingly industrial world, they also enjoyed more vacations.
Why did Americans celebrate the Spanish-American War? A. Americans had long wished for a colonial empire that included the Philippines. B. Americans had harbored deep resentments against Cuba ever since the Mexican- American War. C. A military victory against the world's most powerful military in the world at the time— Spain— was a source of much national pride. D. Americans experienced the war as an occasion for national reconciliation between North and South.
D. Americans experienced the war as an occasion for national reconciliation between North and South.
How did fundamentalist Christians define freedom in the 1920s? A. As the freedom of religion. B. As a freedom of speech. C. As the freedom of congregation. D. As voluntary adherence to moral liberty. E. As the fundamental right to self-expression.
D. As voluntary adherence to moral liberty.
What united the authors Ernest Hemingway and F. Scott Fitzgerald in the 1920s? A. They practiced very similar styles of narrative prose. B. Both were obsessed with writing about the mediocrity of American consumerism. C. Both had fled the discriminatory censorship of the Hays code. D. Both were deeply disillusioned with conservative American politics and materialism. E. Both found themselves forced into exile because of charges of homosexuality.
D. Both were deeply disillusioned with conservative American politics and materialism.
Assess the state of individual American financial savings by the end of the 1920s. A. Rising wages had allowed Americans to build significant savings accounts in the 1920s. B. While the rich spent most of their earnings lavishly, poor and middle- class Americans saved conscientiously. C. Savings rates among the middle-class were as high as 40 percent, causing signifi cant challenges for the mass consumer economy. D. By the end of the 1920s, the majority of American families had no savings whatsoever. E. Americans had largely turned their back on stocks and turned to the far safer bond market instead.
D. By the end of the 1920s, the majority of American families had no savings whatsoever.
Which of the following was the reason for U.S. control over Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines? A. The search for raw materials. B. The desire to unravel European empires C. Exclusive access to consumer markets in these territories. D. Control of strategic gateways from which to project American naval and commercial power. E. These islands harbored a growing number of exiled labor radicals.
D. Control of strategic gateways from which to project American naval and commercial power.
Why did many people in eastern Europe consider Woodrow Wilson a "popular saint"? A. He had liberated them from Russian occupation. B. He had helped restore the Austrian Hungarian and Ottoman monarchies. C. He had helped eastern European immigrants in the United States with a path toward citizenship. D. His criticism of imperialism helped eastern European peoples carve out new independent nations. E. American soldiers had provided plenty of care packets with food to suffering civilians.
D. His criticism of imperialism helped eastern European peoples carve out new independent nations.
Why did World War I transform Western civilization so profoundly? A. The bitter war between the peaceful neighbors of Germany, France, and Britain shook popular conceptions of politics deeply. B. Since its vast majority of victims were civilians, the war forever changed public perceptions on the acceptability of military conflict. C. As a global conflict between socialist nations on the one hand and monarchies on the other, the war signaled the ideological divisions of the twentieth century. D. The war generated an economic boom in Europe and the United States that marked the beginning of the "roaring twenties." E. The mass slaughter of World War I was hard to reconcile with the optimist claim that Western civilization was the triumph of reason and human progress.
E. The mass slaughter of World War I was hard to reconcile with the optimist claim that Western civilization was the triumph of reason and human progress.
Supporters of the Anti-Imperialist League: A. wanted to civilize "savage" peoples. B. argued in favor of "benevolent" imperialism. C. maintained that Filipinos were entitled to U.S. citizenship. D. argued that Puerto Ricans were entitled to U.S. citizenship. E. believed that American energies should be directed at home, not abroad.
E. believed that American energies should be directed at home, not abroad.
As president, Woodrow Wilson: A. pledged to continue Dollar Diplomacy. B. emphasized the profit aspect of foreign trade. C. never resorted to military intervention abroad. D. pledged to stay out of Latin America and kept his word. E. believed that the export of U.S. manufactured goods went hand in hand with the spread of democracy.
E. believed that the export of U.S. manufactured goods went hand in hand with the spread of democracy.
Jeannette Rankin, the first woman elected to Congress: A. was a Socialist. B. supported limited women's suffrage. C. was pro-German. D. supported U.S. entry into World War I. E. did not support U.S. entry into World War I.
E. did not support U.S. entry into World War I.
Between 1901 and 1920, the United States intervened militarily numerous times in Caribbean countries: A. in order to gain territory for the United States. B. in order to spread liberty and freedom in the region. C. because the democratic leaders of the region asked the United States for aid in suppressing rebellions. D. in order to fight European powers who sought to establish colonies in the area. E. in order to protect the economic interests of American banks and companies.
E. in order to protect the economic interests of American banks and companies.
Birth of a Nation was a film that: A. glorified the nation's Revolutionary War era. B. documented the suffrage movement. C. was about the Indian Wars. D. vilified the British in the War of 1812. E. portrayed the Civil War and Reconstruction, exalting the Ku Klux Klan.
E. portrayed the Civil War and Reconstruction, exalting the Ku Klux Klan.
All of the following statements about the 1924 Immigration Act are true EXCEPT: A. the 1924 Immigration Act reflected the Progressive desire to improve the quality of democratic citizenship and to employ scientific methods to set public policy. B. the 1924 Immigration Act satisfied the demands of large farmers in California, who relied heavily on seasonal Mexican labor, by not setting limits on immigration from the Western Hemisphere. C. the 1924 Immigration Act barred immigration from Asia. D. the 1924 Immigration Act limited immigration from Europe. E. the 1924 Immigration Act sought to ensure that more immigrants came from southern Europe than from northern Europe.
E. the 1924 Immigration Act sought to ensure that more immigrants came from southern Europe than from northern Europe.
War time repression of dissent and free speech culminated in: A. the Great Migration. B. the repeal of the First Amendment. C. the Sedition Act. D. the Alien Act. E. the Red Scare.
E. the Red Scare.
President William McKinley justified U.S. annexation of the Philippines on all of the following grounds EXCEPT: A. the United States needed to civilize Filipinos. B. the United States needed the islands for business and trade. C. the United States believed the Filipinos were not ready for self- government. D. the United States needed to Christianize the Filipinos. E. the United States needed to ensure that the Philippines became an independent democracy.
E. the United States needed to ensure that the Philippines became an in de pen dent democracy.
During World War I, Americans reacted to German-Americans and Germans in all of the following ways EXCEPT: A. "sauerkraut" became "liberty cabbage." B. "hamburger" was changed to "liberty sandwich." C. the director of the Boston Symphony was imprisoned for playing the works of German composers. D. the teaching of foreign languages was restricted in many states. E. the federal government barred German immigration to the United States.
E. the federal government barred German immigration to the United States.
Labor unions lost members in the 1920s for all of the following reasons EXCEPT: A. companies supported propaganda campaigns that linked unions with socialism. B. companies began to adopt a program of "welfare capitalism." C. labor unions were tarnished by the 1919 labor upsurge. D. some corporations began to provide employees with pensions and medical insurance. E. through collective bargaining, labor unions had secured a national eight-hour day
E. through collective bargaining, labor unions had secured a national eight-hour day
The Red Scare: A. was caused by the fear of a Russian invasion. B. advanced the cause of labor. C. strengthened the Industrial Workers of the World. D. refers to widespread fears of influenza in 1918. E. was an intense period of political intolerance.
E. was an intense period of political intolerance.
World War I: A. was known as the Good War. B. resulted in limited casualties. C. pitted the British against France. D. began with the assassination of an American diplomat. E. was rooted in European geopolitical rivalries.
E. was rooted in European geopolitical rivalries.
