History of Photography Test #3

What issues in the 20th-21st century society prompted artist to use The Human Condition as their source of inspiration?

- Modern technology caused a break down in culture. - Humans began to drift apart.

Rehabilitation Client, Ben Shahn, 1935

- Right angle viewfinder - Informal because people didn't know about the photo.

How was Nan Goldin different from Diane Arbus?

-Arbus photographed in B&W, Goldin photographed in color

What are some of the themes Cindy Sherman has photographed?

-Art history paintings -1950s actresses and housewives -rich woman -famous people

How was Nan Goldin similar to Diane Arbus?

-Photographed people on the edge. -Photographs her 'new' family. -They both use a flash.

Name at least four Diane Arbus works and their themes.

1) Triplets in their bedroom, 1963. - Her photos are airless and claustrophobic "airless" 2) Photographing at a beauty contest, 1967 - Arbus saw beauty contest as strange, because how could you crown someone as the most beautiful. (Onassis on the other hand is the most beautiful person on the planet, so there isn't much of a competition anyway. 3) Body Builder, 1968. - The theme here was the oddities of life (Stupid men building up their muscles) 4) Mental Institues 1970-71 - Showed all the ways one can live as a human, these patients lived with trauma everyday. 5) Nudist camps -She wanted to capture a different humans can live their live. 6) Jack Dracula, The Marked man, 1961 -Tattoos were an oddity. 7) Woman with baby monkey, 1971 -Comfortable with who she was.

What were some notable features of Arbus' Portrait style?

1. Her subjects are fully aware of the picture making process. 2. They face the camera and fully participate. 3. A dialogue [silent or verbal] is created between the photographer and her subjects. 4. They stare out at us. 5. They are comfortable with who they are. 6. She uses a flash (helps to separate the subject from the background.) 7. She's not concerned with the photo quality. - Subject is more important.

Who are Cindy Sherman subjects?

All of her subjects were herself.

Who is Cindy Sherman?

American born in 1954, known for photographing her self.

What was The Human Condition?

Artist wanted viewers to understand all the different ways that we as humans could live in the 20th and 21st century.

Who is Barbara Kurger?

Barbara Kurger was a graphic designer, today she is a very famous photographer.

*Not on the test* Why did Devin do this all tonight?

Because he knows Onassis has a busy weekend ahead of her, and wants to give her as much time as possible to study

*Not on the test* Am I in a museum?

Because you truly are a work of art.

How did Barbara Kurger's educational backgrounds influence the type of work she produces?

Being a graphic designer she was very skilled at image composition.

Who is Tina Barney?

Born into a wealthy family that came from old American money.

Who was Diane Arbus?

Diane Arbus (born Diane Nemerou) was one of the leading photographers in the mid- 20th century. She was born into a rich family, and felt like she had everything.

What were Lewis Hine's three major bodies of work?

Ellis Island Immigrants Child labor Construction of the Empire State Building.

Why did 'families' become an important subject matter for Arbus?

Families were important to her since she never felt like she had a family.

Why did Nan Goldin choose to photograph the subjects she has become noted for?

Goldin was always part of her subject's lives and activities. Arbus on the other hand was an outsider looking it.

How did Diane Arbus's background influence the type of work she became noted for?

Growing up she was raised by nannies and barely saw her parents. As a result she began to photograph her 'new' family from other classes of people.

What is Richard Billingham attitude towards the print quality in his work?

He does not care about the print quality of is work.

What was Hine's conflicting views?

He showed the negative aspects of work and the abuse of children in the workplace.

What was Lewis Hines Empire State Building series?

He wanted to capture the construction of the greatest building in the world.

What was the goal of Lewis Hine's child labor series?

He wanted to show the dangerous work conditions in the factories that the children worked at.

How did Lewis Hines Empire State building series compare to his child labor series.

He wanted to show the positive nature of work and men working together to create the building. Rather than the abuse and neglect the children faced well working in the factory.

How did Walker Evans want to show the sharecroppers?

He wanted to show them as regal or royal or strong survivors during the "Great Depression" in America.

What the goal of Lewis Hine's immigrant series?

He wanted to show them in a positive light.

What did Lewis Hine's child labor series help establish?

Helped establish the first national child labor laws.

Why were Margaret Bourke-White's concentration camp images so powerful?

Her concentration camp images made the unthinkable real, that was there true power.

What did Margaret Bourke-White's major accomplishment lead to?

Her magazine spread lead the way for women photographers in America.

Who was Nan Goldin?

Her photographs were her public diary. She used photography as a tool to preserve history.

What situation influenced Nan Golding the most to become a photographer?

Her sister's suicide influenced her to become a photographer.

How did Arbus set up her subjects in front of the camera?

Her subjects always face the camera and stare out at the viewers.

Who were Tina Barney's subjects?

Her subjects are her family and friends.

How do Sandy Skoglund subjects react to their environment?

Her subjects do not think anything is odd with the environments they are placed in.

How does the way Tina Barney photograph her subjects relate to the type of message she is trying to get across?

Her subjects many times appear bored...so this relates to her message that it is boring and that old money is dying out.

What was Tina Barney's message?

Her theory for why she photographs 'old money' is the fact that 'the time it takes to live with quality is quickly dying out' meaning that old money families in America are fading away.

Why is Nan Goldin considered to be a 'snap shot' photographer?

Her work is 'snap shot' like because it looked like anyone can do it.

How does Richard Billingham's portrayal of his family differ from the type of families that the mass media portrays as the 'typical family?'

His family is dysfunctional and not perfect like families in the mass media are shown.

Where does Richard Billingham draw his inspiration from for his photographic work?

His family is his inspiration.

Where does Richard Billingham find his subjects?

His three family members are his subjects.

Rays a laugh, Richard Billingham

Huge series, none of the images have names.

*Not on the test* Flip for note.

I just wanted to say that I'm really glad I talked to you the first day, and I'm glad we got this close, I look forward to talking to you everyday, and I wish you nothing but the best.

*Not on the test* Will there be another love letter?

I mean you said write another love letter, tbh I can list all the things I like about you for hours.

Why does Richard Billingham have this attitude towards his work?

It relates to the chaos he is photographing.

What was Dorothea Lange's goal?

Lange's goal was not to show how poor these people were, but to show these people's pride, strength and spirit.

Who was Lewis Hine?

Lewis Hine was a school teacher, and head of the photography club, He brought students to Ellis island to photograph the immigrants, he loved it so much he quit teaching to photograph at Ellis Island.

Which photographers greatly influenced Diane Arbus?

Mentor- Lisette Model (Become the photographer that's inside you) Model- Weegee (Rawness and the use of a flash)

Who was Walker Evans?

One of the first FSA photographers. He wanted to show that these sharecroppers and their families were not to be looked down on.

Who was Ben Shahn?

Originally an artist, he became an FSA government photographer.

What type of work is Barbara Kurger noted for?

Photographs are collages of other people's photographs that she applies her own statements to.

Who are Richard Billingham specific subjects?

Ray (father), Liz (mother), and Jason (brother).

Who is Richard Billingham?

Richard started photographing his family, because he wanted to paint the pictures, but his images were so unique he never ended up painting them

Who is Sandy Skoglund?

Sandy wanted to be a photographer but majored in sculpture, then later incorporated her sculpting skills into her photographs.

Why was Ben Shahn's work different from other FSA

Shahn's work is different from other FSA photographers since it is considered to be 'informal' stemming from the fact that he invented a camera with a right angle viewfinder so while it looked like he was photographing in one direction

Why did Arbus consider her last body of work a failure?

She considered her last body of work a failure since the subjects did not seem to 'speak' to her on an emotional level.

What type of environments is Sandy Skoglund known for creating?

She is known for creating unreal environments using monochromatic colors.

What type of lifestyle does Tina Barney photograph?

She photographs her family's wealthy lifestyle- the W.A.S.P utopia (White, Anglo-Saxon Protestant)

Does Tina Barney capture her subjects in a natural or posed fashion?

She poses all of her subjects but wanted them to look spontaneous.

Why was Sandy Skoglund more of a stage designer than a photographer?

She spends months designing and constructing her 'stage sets' for her photographs.

Where does Sandy Skoglund take her inspiration from for her works?

She takes her inspiration from her life.

What is the theory behind why Cindy Sherman photographs these subjects?

She uses herself because it is easier and she can 'perform' in front of the camera anyway she wants.

What photographic techniques did Arbus often use when recording her subjects?

She usually photographed her subjects where she found them. - Claustrophobic environment - Used a flash

What is the reasoning for Tina Barney photographing this life style?

She wanted to show that old money families in America are dying out.

Who was Dorothea Lange?

She was an FSA photographer who documented American life during the Depression.

What was Arbus's attitude towards her photographic print quality?

She was more concerned about her subjects opposed to making her prints beautiful, there were often dust and scratches in her negatives.

What was Margaret Bourke-White the first to have?

She was the first woman to have a photo printed in a magazine (Life) She was also the first woman to have an eleven page spread in a major magazine (life)

When was The Human Condition started?

The Human Condition was established after Diane Arbus.

What type of life style is Nan Goldin associated with?

The bohemian life.

Why did the flash give Weegee's work a sense of rawness?

The flash flattened the image, made them look rough, unflattering, and direct.

What was Lewis Hine's immigrant series?

The goal was to break down the prejudices that Americans had toward the immigrants coming for Eastern Europe to America.

What is meant by "The Goldin Look?"

The use of the flash is the "Goldin Look"

*Not on the test* Why does Devin love Onassis?

There is something special about her, when you first look at her. Your breath gets taken away, then you finally work up the courage to talk to her and you see her smile, and hear her laugh and your hooked. Then you get to know her, and find out how funny she is, and how great she is to be around.

How did Weegee get his nickname?

Weegee got his nickname because of his uncanny ability to always be the first one at a crime scene.

Who was Weegee?

Weegee was a NYC newspaper photographer.

What effect did the flash have on Weegee's photos?

Weegee's use of the flash gave his work a sense of rawness.

Who was Margaret Bourke-White?

White was not an FSA photographer, but she worked like a government photographer.

When was Margaret Bourke-White's most famous work done?

White's most famous work was done when she was a war correspondent during WWII in 1945.