History of Sport Ch.3

William Cammeyer

A businessman who was a pioneer in the early days of Major League Baseball. He was the owner of the New York Mutuals franchise and even managed the team during the 1876 season. He also built the Union Grounds ballpark for the Mutuals. First one to charge for a game

Reserve Clause

A clause in a player's standard contract that gives a team the option to renew the player for the following season.

Base Ball Fraternity

A sporting fraternity, the most popular one, that liked baseball

Abner Doubleday Myth

Abner Doubleday created the rules of "base ball", but no evidence supports it

Shinny

An Indian game similar to baseball

Stool Ball

An upside down stool was behind the batter and he had to protect the stool from getting hit by the pitch, more similar to cricket than baseball

King Kelly

Colorful player who started his career in Chicago but was famously sold to Boston for $10,000 in 1887

Mills Commission

Committee that decided Abner Doubleday was the inventor of baseball based on the testimony of one man

National Association of Professional Baseball Players

First ever pro baseball organization, symbolizing the end of the baseball fraternity

National League of Professional Baseball Clubs

Forbade teams managed by a player to join, more emphasis on the team

Henry Chadwick

Former British cricket player who embraced the game of baseball and became a sportswriter for the New York Clipper writing about the game. He was credited with inventing the batting average and box score and eventually became known as "Father Baseball"

Harry Wright

Former cricket player who switched to baseball and was one of the best of the early players. he was the player-manager of the Cincinnati Red Stockings

Brotherhood of Professional Baseball Players

Group formed in the 1880s which divided profits between investors and participants, but failed because fans would not abandon the established leagues and the successful baseball franchises demanded large quantities of capital.

Albert Goodwill Spalding

He was the finest baseball pitcher of the 1870s who would later become a powerful owner in Chicago and open up his own sporting goods business

Moses Fleetwood Walker

Known as the last black player to compete in the major leagues before the color barrier set in during the late 1880s

One Old Cat

Next incarnation of the game that replaced the barn with a base

Beer and Whiskey League

Officially called the American Association, it was an early rival to the National League. It received its nickname by serving alcohol at games (something the National League did not do)

Town Ball

Once three more bases were added the game was first called Four Old Cat and eventually this. It most closely resembles the modern game of baseball and the name derived from towns fielding teams to play the game.

Cap Anson

One of the earliest superstar players of baseball. He played first base for the White Sox for 22 seasons finishing with a career average of .333 and 3,418 hits

National Association of Baseball Players

Organization of players to discuss rules and the future of the game

First Rules

Players couldn't hit the other player with the ball, but instead throw to the base to get them out, they also had fines as well

William Hulbert

The "Czar of Baseball"; he developed the National League of Professional Baseball Players

Batting Average

The number of hits divided by the times at bat

Box Score

The term for how the score book is kept. It includes runs, hits, errors, inning per inning.

Cincinatti Red Stockings

They were the first all-professional baseball team in 1869

Gentlemen's Agreement

Unofficial rule to not let African-Americans play baseball

Knickerbocker Baseball Club

first organized baseball team

Alexander Cartwright

recognized as the father of organized baseball