History of TV
The Selling of the Pentagon
SIX SENTENCES CAME FROM DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE PREPARED TEXTS AND WERE SPLICED TOGETHER - ALONG WITH THE ATTRIBUTION TO THE PREMIER OF LAOS BEING EDITED OUT)
1976
Barbara Walters becomes the first woman anchor at ABC - though she was a co-anchor. Many years later, Katie Couric became the first regular female solo anchor of a network nightly newscast.
David Brinkley
NBC's news anchor and ABC. co anchors nbc's nightly news program. recieved ten emmys. worked with huntley
Premiere of Miami Vice
1984
Premiere of The Cosby Show
1984
Launch of the FOX network prime time schedule
1987
Daisy Girl
most famous political ad ever. for Johnson. The election was between Johnson and Goldwater for the 1964 election
Philo Farnsworth
one of the people who made/ started TV. He made many contributions that were crucial to the early development of all-electronic television.[3] He is perhaps best known for inventing the first fully functional all-electronic image pickup device (video camera tube), the "image dissector", as well as the first fully functional and complete all-electronic television system. He was also the first person to demonstrate such a system to the public.[4][5] Farnsworth developed a television system complete with receiver and camera, which he produced commercially in the firm of the Farnsworth Television and Radio Corporation, from 1938 to 1951, in Fort Wayne, Indiana.[6][7]
After WW2
ppl were sad and depressed this is the perfect opportunity for commerical TV and for ppl to be entertained
Used to convey information and point of view of that info
rhetorical devices, filmmaking devices such as juxtaposition, editing
how to make money from commercial radio
sell ad time
1967
ABC finally goes to a 30 minute nightly show.
Daisy girl
"DAISY GIRL" IS PERHAPS THE MOST FAMOUS POLITICAL AD IN AMERICAN HISTORY. IT RAN EXACTLY ONCE - BUT WAS REPLAYED OVER AND OVER IN THE NEWS DISCUSSION AND CONTROVERSY OVER IT - SORT OF THE FIRST VIRAL VIDEO.
1954 - Army-McCarthy hearings
"McCarthyism" - which might be defined as a fanatical obsession or even paranoia about communist infiltration of the government and the entertainment industry. Throughout the late 40s and early 50s, Senator Joseph McCarthy and McCarthyism had a firm grip on the country. In 1947, the "Hollywood Ten", largely screenwriters who angrily denounced the notion of "loyalty oaths" and who refused to cooperate with the HUAC were consequently sentenced to 6-12 months in prison for contempt of Congress and were blacklisted - unable to work for many years. The TV networks genuinely feared criticizing Senator McCarthy. You may recall Fred Friendly, Ed Murrow's producer on See It Now, describing Murrow just before the Milo Radulovich broadcast saying "the terror is right here in this room." Well the 1954 Army-McCarthy hearings gave the nation a chance to see Senator McCarthy up close and personal in action. The hearings were broadcast gavel-to-gavel from April 22 to June 17. (NOTE: Edward R. Murrow's See It Now broadcast devoted to and criticizing Sen. McCarthy aired March 9. McCarthy's reply on See It Now aired on April 6. So the dam had begun to crack, as it were, on Sen. McCarthy.) *These hearings were the first nationally telecast Congressional inquiry* THINK ABOUT THAT - BEFORE 1954, THE NATION COULD ONLY READ OR PERHAPS HEAR ABOUT THEIR ELECTED REPRESENTATIVES IN ACTION. NOW THEY COULD SEE THEM. 36 days, 188 hours of broadcast time.
Bonanza
#1 Tv show when LJB was presient-1960s
Kraft Television Theater
(an anthology series) made its debut as the first regularly broadcast series - with a mix of classics and new plays - it came about because Kraft had a new product it was anxious to promote - CHEEZ WHIZ
In 1940
, there are 2,500 viewers for RCA's station - the population of NYC is 7 and a half million. TV's were very expensive
WERE THERE ANY BUSINESSES ALREADY OPERATING IN THE 1940S THAT THE TV NETWORKS COULD TURN TO WHO ALREADY HAD EXPERIENCE IN PUTTING TOGETHER FILMED REPORTS OF NEWS EVENTS?
-YES - NEWSREEL COMPANIES
Ted Turner
started CNN. Had the idea of a 24 news show on cable
NBC
1926 - RCA, under Sarnoff's leadership, created the National Broadcasting Co. and set up two networks - the Red and the Blue (with lesser quality transmitters) - and played mostly classical and semi-classical music.
CBS
1927 - a record company -- the Columbia Phonograph Record Company funded the Colombia Phonograph Broadcasting System - later shortened to the Columbia Broadcast System or CBS - and started up a rival network. After a financial crisis, it was bought out by a young cigar magnate named William S. Paley.
The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour
1967-69
Premiere of The Mary Tyler Moore Show
1970
Premiere of All in the Family
1971
Premiere of Hill Street Blues
1980
Launch of MTV
1981
Lucille Ball and I Love Lucy
1st show to have 3 cameras and a live studio audience together. Married to Desi Arnez, CBS thought this would be a problem for the show because he was colombia and mixed race would be weird for the audience, but they got over it. 1950s she became a TV star. In 1962, Ball became the first woman to run a major television studio. Her show was also in California eve though they wanted to shoot in NY
1968
60 Minutes debuts. Weekly prime time news magazine show exec produced by DON HEWITT. By the 70s it included "Point/Counterpoint", a liberal vs. conservative exchange.
Daily News timeline: 1953
ABC finally begins a regular nightly newscast; They'd tried it in the past but few affiliates carried it.
Brandon Tartikoff
Along with his head of programming, they turned NBC around by focusing on the quality of the programming they developed, shows like Cheers, Family Ties, Hill Street blues, Cosby, St. Elsewhere. Just so we don't pretend they weren't also out to make a buck and appeal to the masses, it's important to point out that the first show they put on that broke through as a hit was The A-Team.
Mary Tyler Moore
American actress, primarily known for her roles in television sitcoms, including The Mary Tyler Moore Show (1970-77), in which she starred as Mary Richards, a thirty-something single woman who worked as a local news producer in Minneapolis, and, earlier, The Dick Van Dyke Show (1961-66), in which she played Laura Petrie, a former dancer turned Westchester homemaker, wife and mother. Married to Grant tinker
Charles Van doren
American intellectual, writer, and editor who was involved in a television quiz show scandal in the 1950s. In 1959 he testified before the United States Congress that he had been given the correct answers by the producers of the show Twenty One. poserboy of cheatin on a quiz show, perfect casting for it, didnt break any laws
Jonny carson
American television host, comedian, writer, producer, actor, and musician, best known for his thirty years as host of The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson (1962-1992). Carson received six Emmy Awards, the Governor's Award, and a 1985 Peabody Award.
Daily News timeline: 1952
CBS and NBC gain access to Ike's first presidential campaign speech in Abilene, Kansas. Print press grouses - they didn't consider broadcasters real reporters.
1963
CBS and NBC move from 15 minute to 30 minute nightly news shows
Daily News timeline: 1956
Chet Huntley and David Brinkley begin to co-anchor NBC's Nightly News.
Daily News timeline: 1952
Coast to coast coaxial cable finished. First ability to broadcast live coast to coast. Before, East coast programs had to be mailed and flown to the west coast.
Daily News timeline: 1951
NBC premiere of the "Today" show with Dave Garroway and a chimp named J. Fred Muggs.
KDKA
Conrad and henry davis applied for the first commerical radio license and then KDKA was born. first commerical radio station in Pittsburg. 1920!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 1st to say they were a radio station KDKA's inaugural broadcast was on Nov. 2, 1920 - when it announced the returns of the Harding-Cox presidential race. Conrad got the results wrong.
COMMUNICATIONS ACT OF 1934 -
Created the FCC or Federal Communications Commission
1982
Crossfire, a half-hour right/left pundit vs. pundit political argument show, debuts on CNN.
Desi Arnez
Cuban-born American musician, actor, television producer, writer and director. He is best remembered for his role as Ricky Ricardo on the American television series sitcom I Love Lucy, starring with Lucille Ball, to whom he was married at the time. Arnaz was also internationally renowned for leading his Latin music band, the Desi Arnaz Orchestra. He and Ball are generally credited as the inventors of the rerun in connection with I Love Lucy
Who took over after Cronkite
DAN RATHER took over after Cronkite.
1960 - Kennedy-Nixon debates
DID TV TURN THE COURSE OF AN ELECTION BECAUSE BEAUTY, CHARISMA AND OTHER "ON CAMERA" QUALITIES WERE NOW PART OF THE POLITICAL PROCESS?
1981
Dan Rather replaces Walter Cronkite as nightly news anchor at CBS.
Newton Minow
Director of the NCC. is an American attorney and former Chair of the Federal Communications Commission. His speech referring to television as a "vast wasteland" is cited even as the speech has passed its 50th anniversary.
RADIO ACT OF 1927 -
Established a Federal Radio Commission to handle the licensing process; provided for the use of channels "but not the ownership thereof" by licensees for limited periods PROVIDED they broadcast on behalf of "public interest, convenience, or necessity".
RADIO ACT OF 1912
Established the principle that broadcasters required a government license. (NOTE - THE NEW YORK TIMES, OR LA TIMES, OR ORANGE COUNTY REGISTER OR THE PANTHER DO NOT NEED A LICENSE, BUT CBS AND CHAPMAN RADIO DO.)
Daily News timeline: 1948
First network nightly news shows: NBC - Camel Newsreel Theater -SPONSORS HAD MUCH MORE DIRECT CONTROL OVER PROGRAM CONTENT IN THE EARLY DAYS OF TV CBS - Television News With Douglas Edwards; 15 minutes, also newsreel style.
1996
Fox News Channel begins. MSNBC begins.
Ed sullivan
Had a variety show, known for bringing music to TV. First person to bring Elvis to Television and the Beatles. His show was on CBS every sunday night , used to be called Toast of the Town. He was known as kingmaker and appearing on his show meant automatic stardom
during the 60s
IN FEBRUARY 1967 CBS PUT THE SMOTHERS BROTHERS COMEDY HOUR ON TO APPEAL TO YOUNGER VIEWERS - THE 15-30 YEAR OLD CROWD. IT WAS UP AGAINST BONANZA, NUMBER 1 SHOW ON TV AT THE TIME. A LITTLE MORE THAN TWO YEARS LATER, THE SMOTHERS BROTHERS COMEDY HOUR - WHICH HAD PERFORMED WELL IN THE RATINGS AND KNOCKED BONANZA OUT OF ITS #1 PERCH - WAS CANCELLED DUE TO ALL THE CONTROVERSY.
Affiliate
In the broadcasting industry (particularly in North America), a network affiliate or affiliated station is a local broadcaster, owned by a company other than the owner of the network, which carries some or all of the lineup of television programs or radio programs of a television or radio network. This distinguishes such a television or radio station from an owned-and-operated station (O&O), which is owned by the parent network.
2006
Katie Couric becomes first female solo network nightly news anchor
Joseph McCarthy
McCarthy became the most visible public face of a period in which Cold War tensions fueled fears of widespread Communist subversion.The term McCarthyism, coined in 1950 in reference to McCarthy's practices, was soon applied to similar anti-communist activities. Today the term is used more generally in reference to demagogic, reckless, and unsubstantiated accusations, as well as public attacks on the character or patriotism of political opponents
Daily News timeline: 1945
NBC hires newsreel veteran Paul Alley to lay the groundwork for a TV news service. But they gave him a radio sized budget. This was, at first, the entire news division of NBC television - two and a half people and a stolen camera.
Ban on cigarettes
On this day in 1970, President Richard Nixon signs legislation officially banning cigarette ads on television and radio. Nixon, who was an avid pipe smoker, indulging in as many as eight bowls a day, supported the legislation at the increasing insistence of public health advocates.
1987
Repeal of the Fairness Doctrine.
POLITICAL ADS
So in 1948, the candidates (President Truman and the challenger, Thomas Dewey) paid little attention to TV because less than 3% of the country owned a TV set. But by the following presidential election - 1952 - over half of the country owned a TV set. So that was the dawn of the televised political ad.
1980
Ted Turner's Cable News Network begins CNN live news 24 hours a day.
Major events in the US
These major events and television have a symbiotic relationship (define the word "symbiotic".)
The A.C. Nielsen company
The company that measures the audience.They take a statistical sample, then extrapolate - just like opinion polls. The size of the sample they take has changed and continues to change in response to the proliferation of channels - more channels meant they had to take larger and larger samples to get accurate estimates of viewership for smaller, niche channels. But just to give you an idea, they typically sample about 15,000 homes.They measure not only raw numbers of bodies, but DEMOGRAPHICS - AGE, GENDER, SOCIO-ECONOMIC LEVEL, LEVEL OF EDUCATION, CITY BY CITY, ON AND ON.
1884 George Eastman invents flexible photographic film.
This later led to the development of motion picture camera
The Smothers Brothers
Thomas ("Tom" - born February 2, 1937) and Richard ("Dick" - born November 20, 1939), American singers, musicians, and comedians. The brothers' trademark double act was performing folk songs (Tommy on acoustic guitar, Dick on string bass),.In the 1960s, the brothers frequently appeared on television variety shows and issued several popular record albums of their stage performances. Their own television variety show, The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour, became one of the most controversial American TV programs of the Vietnam War era. Despite popular success, the brothers' penchant for material that was critical of the political mainstream and sympathetic to the emerging counterculture led to their firing by the CBS network in 1969. One show was left unaired
ANY GUESSES WHAT HAPPENED IN THE WORLD IN THE MID-TEENS OF THE 20TH CENTURY THAT SPURRED RADIO USE AND DEVELOPMENT?
WORLD WAR I
Daily News timeline: 1962
Walter Cronkite takes over as anchor and managing editor of The CBS Evening News.
KINESCOPE
also known as telerecording in Britain, is a recording of a television program made by filming the picture from a video monitor. This is how they saved video
Jack Webb
also known by the pen name John Randolph,[1] was an American actor, television producer, director, and screenwriter, who is most famous for his role as Sergeant Joe Friday in the radio and television series, Dragnet. groundbreaking producer
Where did TV get dramas from if film ppl wouldnt work with them
longer dramas came from playwrights and the world of the theater. Because of this, dramas took the form of what is called ANTHOLOGY DRAMA - as opposed to EPISODIC DRAMA.
William Paley
became president of the Columbia Phonographic Braodcasting System, then changed the name to Columbia Braodasting System (CBS) in 1928. Took a small radio company and made it one of the biggest companies in the world today
Milton Berle
brought franic comedic energy to TV. Very very over the top. Everyone was watching him on TV. sold so many TV sets. known as "Mr. Television". He owned Tuesday nights on TV. Also known as "uncle Berle" "Mr. Milton". His show was called The Milton Berle Show - Texaco Star Theater - began on radio. It was a comedy-variety show - which is precisely what vaudeville, where Berle started, did best. Much of it was broad slapstick comedy - cross-dressing, pratfalls, mugging.
David Sarnoff
businessman and pioneer of American radio and television. Throughout most of his career he led the Radio Corporation of America (RCA) in various capacities from shortly after its founding in 1919 until his retirement in 1970.He ruled over an ever-growing telecommunications and consumer electronics empire that included both RCA and NBC, and became one of the largest companies in the world. HE HAD THE IDEA OF BRINGING ENTERTAINMENT TO RADIO but didnt follow through
anthology
common theme but diff premise and characters each week
Lee de forest
developed the audion tube, he uses it to broadcast experiments in "entertainment" - playing records over the air, even renting the Eiffel Tower in 1908 for one "broadcast". and around 1916 they started to use it to announce special events, but this was still not for the public yet. you had to buy this thing called the syrstal set and amateur radio users were called "Hams"
RCA
dominant private company - with congenial ties to the military. On October 17, 1919, the Radio Corporation of America was formed. It was a partnership of five companies who were already heavily involved with radio technology: American Marconi, GE, Westinghouse, AT&T, and United Fruit. The business they intended to dominate was THE SENDING OF MESSAGES - NOT ENTERTAINMENT.
A Westinghouse vice president named Harry Davis
he saw frank conrad's ad to play music from his garage and a lightbulb went off in this head and he thought the same thing david sarnoff did and brought enertaiment and news to radio
Pat weaver
highly influential network executive whose impact on the business is still felt today. came to NBc in 1949 worked in advertising. He pushed for the "magazine concept" for selling ad time. Weaver also introduced two program concepts: having the today show and the tonight show....saves a LOT of money.American radio advertising executive, who became president of NBC between 1953 and 1955. He has been credited with reshaping commercial broadcasting's format and philosophy as radio gave way to television as America's dominant home entertainment.
Bill Cosby
his show made people love sitcoms again. 1st african american to have a lead on a tv show
1921-1922
hundreds of radio stations were being made
alex graham bell
in 1876 invented the telephone
Marconi
invented wireless radio. known for his pioneering work on long-distance radio transmission[1] and for his development of Marconi's law and a radio telegraph system. He is often credited as the inventor of radio.In 1901, Marconi caused a sensation when he transmitted Morse code by radio wave from Cornwall, England to Newfoundland on the other side of the Atlantic Ocean, in Canada.
Norman Lear
is an American television writer and producer who produced such 1970s sitcoms as All in the Family, Sanford and Son, One Day at a Time, The Jeffersons, Good Times, and Maude. writer of All in the Family<--CBS bought it
grant tinker
is the former chairman and CEO of NBC from 1981 to 1986, co-founder of MTM Enterprises, and television producer. Tinker is the former husband of actress Mary Tyler Moore.
Army-McCarthy Hearings
spring 1950s THE FIRST CONGRESSIONAL HEARINGS EVER TELEVISED. THE SHADOW OF McCARTHYISM - AND THE RIFT IT CAUSED BETWEEN POLITICAL FACTIONS - WOULD ONLY BE DORMANT, NOT FOREVER OVER. IT WOULD RE-EMERGE, IN MANY WAYS, IN THE SOCIAL AND POLITICAL CONFLICTS OF THE 1960'S AND 70'S - AND THE CORE ISSUES - NATIONAL SECURITY VERSUS PERSONAL CIVIL LIBERTIES - ARE PRESENT IN ISSUES WE DEBATE TODAY
1968 - The Democratic Convention in Chicago
the battle between anti-war protestors and the police became violent and ugly, not just ideological. Just blocks from the convention, police were shown on live TV beating demonstrators with their batons. This televised confrontation and violence served to further polarize the right/left political split in the country at the time. People on the left saw the footage as proof that authority had run amok - cops were out of control, which they saw as akin to the military being out of control and the Vietnam conflict. On the right, people viewed the footage as proof that we needed more law and order. They saw the protestors as the villains - and blamed them and their resistance/protest as the reason we weren't winning in Vietnam (a theme you still hear today and which is applied to the "war on terrorism." THIS SPLIT IN PERCEPTION IS A PERFECT EXAMPLE OF THE FACT THAT EVEN THOUGH "SEEING IS BELIEVING", WHAT YOU SEE, OR HOW YOU PERCEIVE WHAT YOU SEE, IS FILTERED THROUGH THE VIEWER'S OPINIONS, LIFE EXPERIENCE, POLITICAL OUTLOOK, ETC.
Amos 'n' Andy.
the biggest radio sitcom hit. 1/3 of the american population was watching
Reginald Aubrey Fessenden.
the event occured in 1906 an Back in 1901, Fessenden, an electrical engineer for Westinghouse in Pennsylvania, figured out how to transmit a continuous radio wave, on which voice could be superimposed as variations or modulation - this idea became the foundation for modern voice radio
First Amendment
the freedom of religion, the freedom of speech, the freedom of the press, the freedom of assembly, and the right to petition the government.
First invention that revolutioned communication
the telegraph; samuel morse nvented it
TELECOMMUNICATIONS ACT OF 1996
updated and revised the 1934 act and unified supervision of radio/tv/cable AND telephone including wireless.
Walter Cronkite
was an American broadcast journalist, best known as anchorman for the CBS Evening News for 19 years (1962-81). During the heyday of CBS News in the 1960s and 1970s, he was often cited as "the most trusted man in America" after being so named in an opinion poll. He transitioned to 30 min news
Paddy Chayefsky
was an American playwright, screenwriter and novelist. He is the only person to have won three solo Academy Awards for Best Screenplay. known for THE NETWORK
Chet Huntley
was an American television newscaster, best known for co-anchoring NBC's evening news program, The Huntley-Brinkley Report, for 14 years beginning in 1956.
Fred silverman
was the head of programming at CBS in the early 1970s and oversaw its transition from the so-called "corn pone" comedies like The Beverly Hillbillies to more sophisticated - and more profitable - shows like The Mary Tyler Moore Show and All in the Family. Silverman's other distinction is he is the only person to have been the head of programming at all 3 original major broadcast networks - ABC, CBS, NBC.
Edward R. Murrow
worked for CBS.He first came to prominence with a series of radio broadcasts for the news division of The Columbia Broadcasting System during World War II, which were followed by millions of listeners in the United States. One of journalists greatest figures
Radio Act of 1912
you needed a government license to operate a ham radio. Because they didn't want anyone using radios for subversive or enemy purposes during the war, all radio equipment use was declared off limits during the war.
