History of United States I CLEP Study Guide
The concept that the ultimate sovereignty of the federal government rests with the people is most explicitly stated in A) the preamble to the United States Constitution B) Common Sense C) the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution D) the Bill of Rights E) the Articles of Confederation
A) the preamble to the United States Constitution
"No Person or Persons, inhabiting in this Province or Territories, who shall confess and acknowledge One almighty God, the Creator, Upholder and Ruler of the World;... shall be in any Case molested or prejudiced, in his or their Person or Estate, because of his or their conscientious Persuasion or Practice, nor be compelled to frequent or maintain any religious Worship, Place or Ministry, contrary to his or their Mind." The excerpt above is from the charter of which of the following English colonies? A) Plymouth B) Pennsylvania C) Massachusetts Bay D) Jamestown E) Roanoke
(B) Pennsylvania
Andrew Johnson's Reconstruction plan allowed for Southern states to be readmitted into the Union on the condition that they A) revoke the ordinance of secession and ratify the Thirteenth Amendment (B) prohibit the use of the Black Codes C) guarantee suffrage for all citizens, regardless of race D) give land grants to freed people E) punish ex-Confederates refusing to take an oath of loyalty to the United States
A) revoke the ordinance of secession and ratify the Thirteenth Amendment
Which of the following contributed to the start of the French and Indian War? A) Attempts by British colonists to settle areas in the Quebec region of Canada B) Skirmishes between British and French forces over disputed territory in the upper Ohio River valley C) Military confrontations between British settlers and Native Americans in the Great Lakes region D) Tension caused by new military alliances between the French and the Iroquois Confederacy E) Raids by French soldiers on British settlements in western New England
B) Skirmishes between British and French forces over disputed territory in the upper Ohio River valley
The Boston Tea Party of 1773 most directly resulted in which of the following actions? A) The Massachusetts militia engaged in skirmishes with British troops at Lexington and Concord. B) British soldiers opened fire on a group of colonial protesters in what became known as the Boston Massacre. C) The British Parliament passed the Intolerable Acts, a series of punitive laws for the colonies. D) Representatives from the thirteen colonies formed the Stamp Act Congress to better coordinate colonial protest. E) Patrick Henry penned the Virginia Resolves to argue for the preservation of local rights against central government power.
C) The British Parliament passed the Intolerable Acts, a series of punitive laws for the colonies
The Second Great Awakening differed from the First Great Awakening in that the Second Great Awakening A) led to a rapid increase in membership in Congregationalists and Presbyterians churches B) caused revivalists to fear a growing threat to spiritual authority from laypeople C) was closely tied to social reform movements D) prohibited women from speaking at camp meetings and other religious services E) began in New York state and made its largest impact throughout New England
C) was closely tied to social reform movements
In the period between the American Revolution and the Civil War, the religious communities west of the Appalachians that grew fastest were A) Roman Catholics and Quakers B) Jews and Episcopalians C) Quakers and Presbyterians D) Baptists and Methodists E) Methodists and Episcopalians
D) Baptists and Methodists
Which of the following was a direct consequence of the Proclamation of 1763 ? A) New taxes were raised on British colonists in North America. B) The French and Indian War officially ended. C) Slavery was prohibited in territories west of the Mississippi River. D) Colonial settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains was restrained. E) British colonists were encouraged to buy new lands in the southern colonies
D) Colonial settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains was restrained.
Members of the Whig Party organized in the 1830s agreed most on which of the following? A) Extension of slavery into western territories B) Elimination of protective tariffs C) Endorsement of the doctrine of nullification D) Disapproval of Andrew Jackson's policies E) Disapproval of the "corrupt bargain" under John Quincy Adams
D) Disapproval of Andrew Jackson's policies
Which of the following had the greatest impact on the institution of slavery in the United States in the first quarter of the nineteenth century? A) Demands of southern textile manufacturers for cotton B) Introduction of crop rotation and fertilizers C) Abolition of indentured servitude D) Expanded use of the cotton gin E) The Three-Fifths Compromise
D) Expanded use of the cotton gin
Which of the following is true about the American victory at Saratoga in October 1777 during the Revolutionary War? A) It enabled George Washington to recapture New York City. B) It led Congress to declare independence. C) It caused the British to evacuate Boston. D) It helped convince France to enter the war. E) It prompted Parliament to end the war
D) It helped convince France to enter the war.
Which of the following best describes the American Colonization Society? A) It helped provide jobs for African Americans building the Panama Canal. B) Militant abolitionists such as William Lloyd Garrison and Frederick Douglass supported it. C) Large numbers of African Americans in the 1850s and 1860s supported it. D) It promoted the settling of free African Americans from the United States to Africa. E) It developed the concept of Manifest Destiny in the 1830s and 1840s.
D) It promoted the settling of free African Americans from the United States to Africa.
Which of the following most directly led to a more democratic political system in the United States in the first half of the nineteenth century? A) Most states extended the right to vote to women and free African Americans. B) Judicial review was established, limiting the power of the Supreme Court over the decisions of Congress. C) Presidential elections started being determined by a combination of the electoral college and popular vote. D) Many states reduced or eliminated property qualifications for voting. E) New territories were not admitted as states unless they guaranteed the right to vote for all men over the age of twenty-one.
D) Many states reduced or eliminated property qualifications for voting.
Which of the following was NOT an element of the Compromise of 1850 ? A) Stronger fugitive slave law B) Abolition of the slave trade in Washington, D.C. C) Admittance of California as a free state D) Organization of the Kansas Territory without slavery E) Adjustment of the Texas-New Mexico boundary
D) Organization of the Kansas Territory without slavery
Abraham Lincoln's plan for Reconstruction included which of the following? A) Establishment of five military districts to prepare seceded regions for readmission as states B) Punishment of Confederates through land confiscation and high property taxes C) Restoration of property to White Southerners who would swear a loyalty oath to the United States D) Reestablishment of state government after 10 percent of the voters in a state pledged their allegiance to the United States E) Readmission of states to the Union contingent on their ratification of the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments to the Constitution
D) Reestablishment of state government after 10 percent of the voters in a state pledged their allegiance to the United States
Advocates of popular sovereignty in the mid-nineteenth century asserted which of the following? A) All enslaved people should be freed by a constitutional amendment. B) Presidential elections should not be decided by the electoral college. C) Slavery should not be extended into any new territories or states. D) Residents of a territory should decide if slavery would be permitted there. E) Congress had the sole right to grant suffrage to women in new territories.
D) Residents of a territory should decide if slavery would be permitted there.
Which of the following best explains the opposition of Thomas Jefferson and James Madison to the First Bank of the United States? A) Capital for the bank was raised by taxes on farmers. B) The bank did not provide loans to farmers for the purchase of land. C) The bank gave the president too much control over the economy. D) The Constitution did not grant the Congress the right to charter a bank. E) Bank speculation had led to a postRevolution depression
D) The Constitution did not grant the Congress the right to charter a bank.
"Now let any candid person examine the causes by which associations . . . so often fail, and he will find that it arises from the partial and selfish relations of husbands, wives and children.... Therefore, all who attempt to establish and support such a system by any power of nature, or by any human wisdom, or indeed by any means short of self-denial, integrity of principle, and real chastity of person, will most certainly fail in the end." The statement best reflects the beliefs of which of the following nineteenth-century Utopian groups? A) New Harmony B) The Oneida Community C) Brook Farm D) The Shakers E) The Mormons
D) The Shakers
Which of the following did NOT occur during the transportation revolution in the nineteenth century? A) State and federal governments subsidized the construction of roads and canals. B) The cost of shipping goods declined precipitously. C) The postal service grew rapidly. D) The Supreme Court enforced monopolies on steamboat travel and bridge construction. E) Railroads became a major carrier of freight by the start of the Civil War.
D) The Supreme Court enforced monopolies on steamboat travel and bridge construction.
Which of the following terms was used to refer to a means by which some people escaped slavery in the South? A) The Northwest Passage B) The Overland Trail C) The National Road D) The Underground Railroad E) The Erie Canal
D) The Underground Railroad
The Middle colonies differed from both the New England and Southern colonies in that the Middle colonies A) had a system of staple crop agriculture B) prohibited slavery C) required church attendance on Sundays D) were more religiously and ethnically diverse E) had no history of violence against Native Americans
D) were more religiously and ethnically diverse
All state constitutions drafted during the American Revolutionary era were significant because they A) were based on the principle of virtual representation B) included clauses that immediately emancipated slaves C) provided for the confiscation and redistribution of the property of wealthy Loyalists D) were the first efforts to establish a government by and of the people E) introduced the concept of checks and balances
D) were the first efforts to establish a government by and of the people
Which of the following is true of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 ? A) It barred slavery north of the 36°30' line. B) It provided free land grants to anyone willing to settle in the Northwest Territory. C) It established the 49th parallel as the boundary between Canada and the United States. D) It set aside territories for Native American tribes in the Old Northwest. E) It defined the process by which territories became states
E) It defined the process by which territories became states
The Federalist Party's political perspective was characterized by which of the following beliefs about the central government? A) It should have very few powers over the states. B) It should pursue closer relations with France rather than with Britain. C) It should provide aid to western farmers. D) It should oppose bankers and manufacturers. E) It should encourage economic development.
E) It should encourage economic development.
Which of the following is a correct statement about the use of slave labor in colonial Virginia? A) It was forced on reluctant White Virginians by profit-minded English merchants and the mercantilist officials of the Crown. B) It was the first time Europeans enslaved African people. C) It fulfilled the original plans of the Virginia Company. D) It first occurred after the invention of Eli Whitney's cotton gin, which greatly stimulated the demand for low-cost labor. E) It spread rapidly in the late-seventeenth century, as enslaved Africans replaced European indentured servants in the tobacco fields
E) It spread rapidly in the late-seventeenth century, as enslaved Africans replaced European indentured servants in the tobacco fields
In the early seventeenth century, colonists in the Chesapeake Bay area exported which of the following to England? A) Cattle B) Tobacco C) Tea D) Cotton E) Coffee
B) Tobacco
Which of the following groups was most likely to adopt the Free Soil ideology? A) Free African Americans B) Northern capitalists C) Western frontier settlers D) Southern yeoman farmers E) Southern plantation owners
C) Western frontier settlers
Moby-Dick, The Scarlet Letter, and Leaves of Grass are examples of which of the following literary traditions? A) American Renaissance B) Harlem Renaissance C) Realism D) Modernism E) Genteel Tradition
A) American Renaissance
Deists of the late-eighteenth and early-nineteenth centuries believed that A) natural laws, designed by the Creator, govern the operation of the universe B) prayer has the power to make significant changes in a person's life C) the idea of God is merely the creation of people's minds D) the universe was created by a natural, spontaneous combining of elements E) intuition rather than reason leads people to an awareness of the divine
A) natural laws, designed by the Creator, govern the operation of the universe
Immediately after the Revolution, some men argued that women should be educated so that they could A) oversee the instruction of their sons to be good citizens B) become clergy C) take an active role in public life outside the home D) take an active role in business decisions with men E) make informed decisions about how to vote
A) oversee the instruction of their sons to be good citizens
All of the following elements of the Radical Republican program were implemented during Reconstruction EXCEPT A) provision of 40 acres to each freedman household B) enactment of the Fourteenth Amendment C) military occupation of the South D) punishment of the Confederate leaders E) restrictions on the power of the president
A) provision of 40 acres to each freedman household
The idea of Manifest Destiny included all of the following EXCEPT the belief that A) commerce and industry would decline as the nation expanded its agricultural base B) the use of land for settled agriculture was preferable to its use for nomadic hunting C) westward expansion was both inevitable and beneficial D) the Creator selected America as a chosen land populated by a chosen people E) the ultimate extent of the American domain was to be from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean
A) commerce and industry would decline as the nation expanded its agricultural base
President James K. Polk would have been most likely to upset Northerners by his A) compromise over the Oregon Territory B) opposition to invading Mexico C) support for a high tariff D) invasion of British Columbia E) support for the Wilmot Proviso
A) compromise over the Oregon Territory
. In Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857), the Supreme Court decided that A) enslaved people could not be freed by virtue of their residence in a free state B) the Compromise of 1850 was supported by the Constitution C) Dred and Harriet Scott deserved their freedom D) the principle of popular sovereignty could be applied in new territories E) free African Americans could not be enslaved
A) enslaved people could not be freed by virtue of their residence in a free state
California was admitted as a state to the Union A) as part of the Compromise of 1850 B) with the passage of the Wilmot Proviso C) during the Mexican-American War D) with the passage of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 E) when the Kansas-Nebraska Act settled the issue of western slavery
A) as part of the Compromise of 1850
The Jay Treaty of 1794 led to A) more stable relations between the United States and Great Britain B) increased trans-Mississippi migration C) the development of the first political party system D) an increase in the power of the Supreme Court E) increased migration from Eastern Europe
A) more stable relations between the United States and Great Britain
Which of the following statements best describes women's involvement in reform movements of the antebellum period? A) Many women argued that their roles as mothers and wives gave them a unique understanding of the nature of and solutions to social ills. B) Women rarely ventured outside the private sphere and were not heavily involved in reform movements. C) Women were successful in getting suffrage laws passed in many states but were unsuccessful in getting a national suffrage law passed. D) Women were active in the abolitionist movement and accepted as equals within it. E) Women argued that education would lead to a more equal society and pushed heavily for the establishment of a public school system.
A) Many women argued that their roles as mothers and wives gave them a unique understanding of the nature of and solutions to social ills.
Which of the following was a key component of Alexander Hamilton's plan for the economic development of the United States? A) Establishment of a national bank that would stabilize paper currency and extend credit B) Termination of all trade with European countries in order to bolster the United States economy C) Establishment of trade agreements with European colonies in the Western Hemisphere D) Eradication of the national debt in order to create a small federal government E) Reliance on the free market, with no government involvement in the economy
A) Establishment of a national bank that would stabilize paper currency and extend credit
"There is an opinion that parties in free countries are useful checks upon the administration of the government and serve to keep alive the spirit of liberty. This within certain limits is probably true, and in governments of a monarchical cast patriotism may look with indulgence, if not with favor, upon the spirit of party. But in those of the popular character, in governments purely elective, it is a spirit not to be encouraged." The passage above is from a speech by which of the following presidents? A) George Washington B) Thomas Jefferson C) John Adams D) Andrew Jackson E) Abraham Lincoln
A) George Washington
Under the Articles of Confederation, which of the following was true about the national government? A) It had the power to conduct foreign affairs. B) It had the power to regulate commerce. C) It had a bicameral legislature. D) It had an independent executive branch. E) It included a federal judiciary.
A) It had the power to conduct foreign affairs.
"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. —That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed,—That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness." The Declaration of Independence 82. The author of the passage above was influenced by the writings of A) John Locke's Second Treatise on Government B) Thomas Hobbes' Leviathan C) David Hume's Of Civil Liberty D) Jean-Jacques Rousseau's The Social Contract E) Pierre-Joseph Proundhon's An Inquiry into the Principle of Right and Government
A) John Locke's Second Treatise on Government
Which of the following best describes the United States position in the world economy during the period 1790-1860 ? A) It was the leading producer of finished and manufactured goods for export. B) It relied heavily on European capital for its economic expansion. C) It had an inadequate merchant marine and depended largely on foreign vessels to carry its trade. D) It was strengthened by the acquisition of overseas colonies. E) It was severely
B) It relied heavily on European capital for its economic expansion.
"Upon these considerations, it is the opinion of the court that the act of Congress which prohibited a citizen from holding and owning property of this kind in the territory of the United States north of the line therein mentioned, is not warranted by the Constitution, and is therefore void; and that neither the plaintiff himself, nor any of his family, were made free by being carried into this territory; even if they had been carried there by the owner, with the intention of becoming a permanent resident." The congressional act referred to in the passage above was the A) Kansas-Nebraska Act B) Missouri Compromise C) Northwest Ordinance of 1787 D) Compromise of 1850 E) Fugitive Slave Act
B) Missouri Compromise
"The consequences of a speedy removal will be important to the United States, to individual States, and to the Indians themselves. The pecuniary advantages which it promises to the Government are the least of its recommendations. It puts an end to all possible danger of collision between the authorities of the General and State Governments. . . . It will place a dense and civilized population in large tracts of country now occupied by a few. . . . It will separate the Indians from immediate contact with settlements of whites; free them from the power of the States; enable them to pursue happiness in their own way; . . . and perhaps cause them gradually, under the protection of the Government and through the influence of good counsels, to... become an interesting, civilized, and Christian community." President Andrew Jackson, Second Annual Message to Congress, December 6, 1830 Jackson's reference to the "pecuniary advantages which it promises" reveals that which of the following was a motive behind the policy he proposed in the excerpt? A) Encouraging economic development through land subsidies to the railroads B) Confiscating Native American land to make it available for sale to Whites C) Passing tariffs on increased agricultural production from lands opened to farming D) Granting citizenship rights to Native Americans in order to expand the tax base E) Requiring loan repayments in specie to stabilize the national banking system
B) Confiscating Native American land to make it available for sale to Whites
Which of the following was opposed by both the Free Soil Party and the Republican Party in the mid-nineteenth century? A) Internal improvement in the West B) Extension of slavery into the territories C) Growth of textile manufacturing in New England D) Unrestricted immigration from Ireland E) Use of paper money
B) Extension of slavery into the territories
The issue of constitutionality figured most prominently in the consideration of which of the following? A) Tariff of 1789 B) First Bank of the United States C) Funding of the national debt D) Assumption of state debts E) Excise tax on whiskey
B) First Bank of the United States
Which of the following is true of John C. Calhoun? A) He advocated a strong federal government and helped to establish the Bank of the United States. B) He supported the doctrine of nullification, which declared the right of states to rule on the constitutionality of federal law. C) He became a strong opponent of southern nationalism and sought federal legislation to link the West and the South. D) As vice president of the United States, he helped formulate the beginnings of a new Republican Party. E) He led a successful movement to include the right of concurrent majority in the Constitution of the United States.
B) He supported the doctrine of nullification, which declared the right of states to rule on the constitutionality of federal law.
Which of the following was NOT a consequence of the Great Awakening in the American colonies during the mid-eighteenth century? A) More accessible, democratized piety caused separatism and secession from established churches B) Heightened interest in the supernatural caused the renewed persecution of people for witchcraft C) The growth of institutions of higher learning to fill the need for more ministers to spread the gospel D) More intensive religious devotion caused the missionary spirit to flourish E) The lessening of doctrinal rigor and a concomitant appreciation for more direct experiences of faith
B) Heightened interest in the supernatural caused the renewed persecution of people for witchcraft
The Caribbean sugar plantations played an important role in the growth of the trans-Atlantic slave trade for which of the following reasons? A) Demand for enslaved Africans was high in the Caribbean because Africans' prior knowledge of sugar cultivation increased plantation profits. B) The harsh conditions and high mortality rates associated with Caribbean sugar cultivation and production resulted in a constant demand for new labor. C) European governments made slavery illegal in most of their overseas empires, which limited merchants to selling enslaved people in only a few places such as the Caribbean. D) Sugar produced and shipped from the Caribbean was in high demand in Africa, where African merchants were willing to trade slaves for sugar. E) White indentured servants who came to the Caribbean refused to work in sugar cultivation, which encouraged the widespread reliance on enslaved African labor.
B) The harsh conditions and high mortality rates associated with Caribbean sugar cultivation and production resulted in a constant demand for new labor.
All of the following were common characteristics of many colonial New England families EXCEPT A) a hierarchical institution in which the father represented the source of authority B) a place that sheltered men from the workplace C) a social institution that cared for the needy and the poor D) a social institution that provided vocational training E) a basic farming unit
B) a place that sheltered men from the workplace
All of the following conditions influenced the development of American agriculture during the first half of the nineteenth century EXCEPT A) settlement of the western territories B) a widespread interest in conserving soil and natural resources C) the trend toward regional economic specialization D) the enthusiasm for land speculation E) improvements in transportation by water
B) a widespread interest in conserving soil and natural resources
John Winthrop told the Puritans that their society would be regarded as "a city upon a hill." But first he explained that there would always be inequalities of wealth and power, that some people would always be in positions of authority, and that others would be dependent. His statements best illustrate the Puritans' A) reaction to unsuccessful socialist experiments in the Netherlands B) acceptance of the traditional belief that social order depended on a system of ranks C) intention to vest political power exclusively in the ministers D) desire to better themselves economically through means that included the institution of slavery E) inability to take clear stands on social issues
B) acceptance of the traditional belief that social order depended on a system of ranks
The United States completed the Gadsden Purchase in 1853 in order to A) obtain Oregon B) build a transcontinental railroad C) relieve population pressures D) obtain additional grazing lands E) balance slave and free states
B) build a transcontinental railroad
Through its ruling in McCulloch v. Maryland, the Supreme Court achieved all of the following EXCEPT A) upholding the constitutionality of the Second Bank of the United States B) establishing the principle of judicial review C) accepting Alexander Hamilton's loose construction of the Constitution D) denying the state of Maryland the right to tax the Second Bank of the United States E) strengthening the power of the federal government
B) establishing the principle of judicial review
Henry Clay's American System was a plan to A) compromise on the issue of extending slavery to new United States territories B) foster the economic integration of the North, the West, and the South C) export United States political and economic values to oppressed peoples D) maintain United States noninvolvement in the internal affairs of Europe E) assert the right of states to nullify decisions of the national government
B) foster the economic integration of the North, the West, and the South
The Louisiana Purchase was significant because it A) eliminated Spain from the North American continent B) gave the United States control of the Mississippi River C) eased tensions between western settlers and Native Americans D) forced the British to evacuate their posts in the Northwest E) reduced sectional conflict over the slavery issue
B) gave the United States control of the Mississippi River
The French and Indian War led Great Britain to A) encourage manufacturing in its North American colonies B) impose revenue taxes on its North American colonies C) restrict emigration to North America D) ignore its North American colonies E) grant increased self-government to its North American colonies
B) impose revenue taxes on its North American colonies
During the early stages of manufacturing, the textile mills in Lowell, Massachusetts, primarily employed A) native-born, single White men who had lost their farms B) native-born, single White women from rural areas C) White males from debtors' prisons D) recent immigrants from southern and eastern Europe E) African American women
B) native-born, single White women from rural areas
The "putting-out system" that emerged in antebellum America refers to the A) organizing of slave labor into efficient planting teams B) production of finished goods in individual households C) sending of poor children to live on farms in the Midwest D) shipping of raw materials to European factories E) forced migration of Native Americans from valuable lands
B) production of finished goods in individual households
According to the Treaty of Paris of 1783, Great Britain both recognized American independence and A) agreed to cancel all the prewar debts owed to the British by American citizens B) promised to set the western boundary of the United States at the Mississippi River C) retained fishing rights off Newfoundland D) insisted that George III remain the titular head of the former thirteen colonies E) agreed to the presence of British troops in the Northwest Territories for ten years
B) promised to set the western boundary of the United States at the Mississippi River
All of the following resulted from the War of 1812 EXCEPT A) the decline of the Federalist Party B) increased domestic manufacturing C) the loss of Florida to the British D) the emergence of Andrew Jackson as a war hero E) heightened patriotism
C) the loss of Florida to the British
In his Farewell Address, George Washington advocated that the United States should develop which of the following policies? A) Using its moral standing as a democratic nation to intervene in foreign affairs B) Annexing neighboring territories that were under Spanish colonial authority C) Adopting an isolationist position by avoiding engaging in alliances with European states D) Creating lasting alliances with newly independent states in the Western Hemisphere E) Preventing European nations from interfering in the political stability of the Western Hemisphere
C) Adopting an isolationist position by avoiding engaging in alliances with European states
Which of the following best characterizes foreign relations between Europe and the United States during the Civil War? A) Russia advocated for the independence of the South to defend the legitimacy of slavery. B) France provided significant military and financial aid to the South during the war. C) Britain maintained neutrality in the war despite significant economic ties to the South. D) European allies of the North encouraged Mexico to plan an invasion of the South. E) Spain aided the North because it saw the South as a threat to Spanish interests in Cuba.
C) Britain maintained neutrality in the war despite significant economic ties to the South
Which of the following wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin? A) Louisa May Alcott B) Herman Melville C) Harriet Beecher Stowe D) Richard Henry Dana E) Kate Chopin
C) Harriet Beecher Stowe
The Embargo Act of 1807 had which of the following effects on the United States? A) It severely damaged American manufacturing. B) It enriched many cotton plantation owners. C) It severely damaged American shipping. D) It was ruinous to subsistence farmers. E) It had little economic impact
C) It severely damaged American shipping.
Which of the following were native to North America before Columbus arrived? A) Horses and pumpkins B) Dandelions and clover C) Maize and squash D) Oranges and sweet potatoes E) Rice and potatoes
C) Maize and squash
Which of the following is true of the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 ? A) It was a compromise that prevented further sectional divisions for the next decade. B) It consolidated the concept of states' rights in regard to enforcing slavery. C) Many Northerners opposed it. D) It established the right to due process for people accused of being fugitive slaves. E) Most Southern politicians opposed it
C) Many Northerners opposed it.
Which of the following was a renowned African American poet in New England in the late-eighteenth century? A) Benjamin Banneker B) Lemuel Haynes C) Phillis Wheatley D) Gabriel Prosser E) Sojourner Truth
C) Phillis Wheatley
Which of the following was a major focus of antebellum reform? A) Income tax law B) Universal suffrage C) Prison reform D) Creation of national parks E) Machine politics
C) Prison reform
The Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratified in 1804, was a response to which of the following problems? A) Several states refused to vote on the Constitution without the inclusion of the amendment. B) Conflicts within President George Washington's Cabinet prevented the government from functioning. C) The original process for electing the president and vice president did not account for the rise of political parties. D) The divisions between northern and southern states over tariffs led to competing party nominees for the vice presidency. E) Senators disagreed with representatives on the apportioning of electoral votes by state population.
C) The original process for electing the president and vice president did not account for the rise of political parties.
Which of the following best explains the primary reason for the opposition in the United States to the annexation of Texas in the late 1830s and early 1840s? A) The large number of Catholics in Texas B) The threat of economic competition from cotton growers in Texas C) The potential for creating an imbalance in the Congress between proslavery and antislavery forces D) The migration of settlers to new land in Texas E) The potential for United States engagement in a war with Mexico
C) The potential for creating an imbalance in the Congress between proslavery and antislavery forces
Which of the following best describes a common characteristic of most Eastern Woodlands Native American societies before contact with Europeans? A) They relied on the bison as their main source of food and products for trade. B) They shared a common language that enabled easy communication between tribes. C) They lived in farming communities and also foraged for seasonal food sources. D) They used enslaved labor to cultivate corn, squash, and tobacco on plantations. E) They formed a single regional confederacy that settled disputes between different groups.
C) They lived in farming communities and also foraged for seasonal food sources
Which of the following best describes the significance of Shays' Rebellion and the Whiskey Rebellion? A) They were early examples of colonial opposition to the British taxes imposed after the French and Indian War. B) They led to the meeting of the Constitutional Convention. C) They were precipitated by burdensome tax policies. D) Alexander Hamilton led the armed forces that suppressed both rebellions. E) They were caused by the inability of farmers to pay their debts.
C) They were precipitated by burdensome tax policies.
Which of the following best describes the purpose of the Hartford Convention? A) To protest the impressments of American sailors into the British navy B) To coordinate a federal response to the uprising of Tecumseh and the Prophet C) To propose amendments to the Constitution and to avoid the secession of New England states D) To select an alternate seat of government after Washington was captured by the British E) To provide a plan for the incorporation of Canada into the United States
C) To propose amendments to the Constitution and to avoid the secession of New England states
The establishment of Brook Farm and the Oneida Community in the antebellum United States reflected A) the influence of Social Darwinism on American thinkers B) the continued impact of Calvinist ideas on American thought C) a belief in perfectionism D) attempts to foster racial integration E) the implementation of all-female Utopian communities
C) a belief in perfectionism
By the time of the American Revolution, many American colonists had generally come to believe that the creation of a republic would solve the problems of monarchical rule because a republic would establish A) a highly centralized government led by a social elite B) a strong chief executive C) a small, limited government responsible to the people D) unlimited male suffrage E) a society in which there were no differences of rank and status
C) a small, limited government responsible to the people
Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania were written to A) record the soil, climate, and profitable crops in the Pennsylvania colony B) chronicle the history of William Penn's colonization efforts C) argue against the power of Parliament to tax the colonists without representation D) petition King George III for colonial representation in Parliament E) encourage colonization of the western frontier
C) argue against the power of Parliament to tax the colonists without representation
The acquittal of John Peter Zenger in 1735 reflected the growing colonial belief that A) colonial governors should have absolute veto power over colonial assemblies B) Parliament should not be involved in internal matters in the British colonies C) newspaper editors should have the right to criticize public officials D) Enlightenment thought should have no place in colonial culture E) governors should have the right to limit the publication of newspapers
C) newspaper editors should have the right to criticize public officials
Seventeenth-century Puritans and Quakers differed primarily over the A) divinity of Jesus B) importance of charity work (almsgiving) C) notion of predestination D) celebration of Christmas E) consumption of alcohol
C) notion of predestination
During the antebellum period, the Auburn system was designed to A) teach factory workers proper work habits B) instill discipline in grade schools C) reform criminals D) punish escaped enslaved people E) cure the mentally ill
C) reform criminals
Bacon's Rebellion was A) a revolt of enslaved African Americans against treatment by their owners B) the name given to a slave conspiracy in New York City C) the Philadelphia version of the Boston Tea Party D) a revolt by poor farmers and indentured servants E) an uprising of Native Americans
D) a revolt by poor farmers and indentured servants
"The present King of Great Britain . . . has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitution, and unacknowledged by our laws." The protest that the king had "combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitution" referred to George III's A) alliance with the king of France B) use of Hessian mercenaries C) reliance on his representatives in the colonies D) approval of parliamentary laws impinging on colonial self-government E) intention to place a German prince on the throne of British America
D) approval of parliamentary laws impinging on colonial self-government
The 1848 women's rights convention in Seneca Falls, New York, was a protest against A) the use of women workers in textile factories B) the abuse of female slaves on Southern plantations C) the failure of the Democratic Party to endorse a woman suffrage amendment D) customs and laws that gave women a status inferior to that of men E) state restrictions that prevented women from joining labor unions
D) customs and laws that gave women a status inferior to that of men
Between the Monroe Doctrine (1823) and the outbreak of the Civil War (1861), the most important aspect of United States foreign policy was A) securing access to Canadian fisheries B) reopening the British West Indies to direct trade with the United States C) securing international recognition D) expanding the nation's boundaries E) responding to Cuban independence
D) expanding the nation's boundaries
The presidential election of 1840 is often considered the first "modern" election because A) the slavery issue was first raised in this campaign B) it was the first election in which women voted C) voting patterns were similar to those later established in the 1890s D) for the first time, both parties widely campaigned among all the eligible voters E) a second Era of Good Feelings had just come to a close, marking a new departure in politics
D) for the first time, both parties widely campaigned among all the eligible voters
The purpose of the Freedmen's Bureau was to A) campaign against segregation and achieve political and social equality for freed people B) inject money into the Southern economy by giving loans to freedmen to help them buy plots of land from their former masters C) grant each former slave 40 acres of land in the western territories D) help African Americans transition from slavery to freedom E) establish the first comprehensive public school system in the Southern states
D) help African Americans transition from slavery to freedom
All of the following intellectual traditions contributed to the ideas of the Founding Fathers EXCEPT the A) French Enlightenment philosophy B) liberal tradition represented by John Locke's Two Treatises of Government C) Whig philosophy as represented in British political pamphlets D) skeptical tradition of David Hume E) Scottish Enlightenment philosophy
D) skeptical tradition of David Hume
After the Civil War, the majority of freed people found work in the South as A) factory workers B) railroad employees C) independent craftsmen D) tenant farmers E) domestic servants
D) tenant farmers
Jacksonian economic policies did which of the following? A) Removed banking issues from national politics. B) Stalled the westward expansion. C) Ended foreign investment in the United States. D) Abolished state banks. E) Encouraged the expansion of credit and speculation.
E) Encouraged the expansion of credit and speculation.
Thomas Jefferson opposed some of Alexander Hamilton's programs because Jefferson believed that A) the common bond of a substantial national debt would serve to unify the different states B) the French alliance threatened to spread the violence of the French Revolution to America C) the federal government should encourage manufacturing and industry D) Hamilton's programs were weakening the military strength of the nation E) Hamilton's programs favored manufacturing and commercial interests
E) Hamilton's programs favored manufacturing and commercial interests
Which of the following wrote Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl? A) Frances Ellen Watkins Harper B) Sojourner Truth C) Lydia Maria Child D) Harriet Beecher Stowe E) Harriet Jacobs
E) Harriet Jacobs
Which of the following is a correct statement regarding Benjamin Franklin? A) He founded the Bank of the United States. B) He authored the Articles of Confederation. C) He authored the Bill of Rights. D) He invented electricity. E) He helped to negotiate the Treaty of Paris of 1783
E) He helped to negotiate the Treaty of Paris of 1783
Which of the following represents William Lloyd Garrison's proposed solution to the slavery question? A) Immediate emancipation and resettlement in Liberia B) Immediate emancipation and resettlement in the Southwest C) Immediate emancipation with compensation for slaveholders D) Gradual emancipation without compensation for slaveholders E) Immediate emancipation without compensation for slaveholders
E) Immediate emancipation without compensation for slaveholders
Which of the following statements best describes a role that the South played in the emerging national and international market economies in the first half of the nineteenth century? A) It exported most of the cotton it produced to Northern rather than international textile manufacturers. B) It purchased most of its luxury goods from Northern manufacturers instead of international suppliers. C) It contributed an ever more diverse range of agricultural commodities to national and international markets. D) Its industrial production supplied manufactured goods to Northern, Western, and international consumers. E) Its economic output increasingly helped to integrate the country into international financial networks.
E) Its economic output increasingly helped to integrate the country into international financial networks.
Which of the following was true of Southern society in the antebellum period? A) The South experienced less social stratification than the North. B) Northern women could not become school teachers in the South in order to prevent the spread of abolitionism. C) Southerners expected that White women would work outside the home. D) The South had a higher literacy rate than the North. E) Southern politicians increasingly described slavery as a positive institution.
E) Southern politicians increasingly described slavery as a positive institution.
Which of the following is true of White women in the British North American colonies? A) They were allowed to be ordained as ministers. B) They were considered politically and socially equal to their husbands. C) They were eligible to work as teachers in public schools. D) They were eligible to run for political office. E) They were restricted in holding property and making legal contracts after marriage.
E) They were restricted in holding property and making legal contracts after marriage.
One of the major consequences of the Mexican-American War was the A) resolution of the issue of slave states versus free states until the Civil War B) expulsion of Mexicans from the annexed territories C) passage of the Homestead Act, which granted land to settlers in the West D) prohibition of slavery in Texas E) designation of 80,000 to 100,000 Mexicans as American citizens
E) designation of 80,000 to 100,000 Mexicans as American citizens
The activities of the Freedmen's Bureau included all of the following EXCEPT A) providing food, clothing, medical care, and shelter to war victims B) reuniting families of freedmen C) establishing a network of courts D) establishing schools for freed people E) permanently redistributing land
E) permanently redistributing land
In the pre-Civil War era, the railroads' most important impact on the economy was that they A) created a huge new market for railway equipment B) created the basis for greater cooperation between southern planters and northern textile manufacturers C) generated new employment opportunities for unskilled urban workers D) involved the federal government in the financing of a nationwide transportation network E) provided midwestern farmers accessibility to eastern urban markets
E) provided midwestern farmers accessibility to eastern urban markets
The disputed election of 1876 was significant because it A) led to the growth of third parties B) led to the expansion of executive power C) demonstrated the power of big business D) signaled the beginning of mass participation in politics E) resulted in the end of Reconstruction in the South
E) resulted in the end of Reconstruction in the South
By the late 1830s, the policy outlined in the excerpt resulted in A) the launch of a major military campaign by the United States Army against Native Americans in the West B) legislation that mandated the return of ancestral lands to Native American nations in the Southeast C) efforts to assimilate Native Americans into White society and culture under the Dawes Severalty Act D) the development of alphabets for written language, constitutions, and private land ownership by Native Americans in the Southeast E) the death of many southeastern Native Americans from exposure, disease, and starvation on the forced march called the Trail of Tears
E) the death of many southeastern Native Americans from exposure, disease, and starvation on the forced march called the Trail of Tears
"The present King of Great Britain . . . has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitution, and unacknowledged by our laws." The "constitution" referred to in the quotation above from the Declaration of Independence was A) the principles common to all the Navigation Acts B) the Articles of Confederation C) a constitution for the colonies written by Sir William Blackstone D) the laws passed concurrently by the several colonial legislatures E) the principles the colonists believed had traditionally regulated British government
E) the principles the colonists believed had traditionally regulated British government
Roger Williams defended liberty of conscience on the grounds that A) all religions were equal in the eyes of the Creator B) the institutions of political democracy would be jeopardized without it C) Puritan ideas about sin and salvation were outmoded D) theological truths would emerge from the clash of ideas E) the state should not interfere in church matters
E) the state should not interfere in church matters
Widely read autobiographies of escaped slaves, such as The Life and Times of Frederick Douglass, assisted the abolitionist cause primarily by A) raising money for back-to-Africa colonization projects in Liberia and Sierra Leone B) demonstrating the inability of the federal government to stand up to pro-slavery interests in the Congress C) depicting slavery as benevolent and supportive of family preservation D) linking American slavery to earlier slave societies in Greece and Egypt E) transforming the popular understanding of slavery from an abstraction to a tangible evil
E) transforming the popular understanding of slavery from an abstraction to a tangible evil
Place the following educational events in the correct chronological order. Place the earliest event first. Establishment of Harvard College The Common School movement Establishment of schools to train teachers Northwest Ordinance
Establishment of Harvard College Northwest Ordinance The Common School movement Establishment of schools to train teachers
