History Semester 2 Review of Major People, Events, and Concepts
How did German chancellor Otto von Bismarck seek to defuse socialist activism in his country?
By enacting social welfare measures
True or False: The primary reason for the dramatic increase in the global population during the late twentieth century was an increase in the birthrate.
False
Anglo-Boer War
Fought between 1899 and 1902 over the continued independence of Boer republics; resulted in British victory, but began the process of decolonization for whites in South Africa
The tension in Europe that led to World War I was partly caused by a growing nationalist rivalry between which two states?
Great Britain and Germany
How did the worldview and strategy of Hong Xiuquan differ from those of reform leaders in the Muslim world?
Hong fused foreign and domestic traditions to pursue his aims.
Indian Rebellion of 1857
Indian rebellion against the English East India Company to bring religious purification, an egalitarian society, and local and communal solidarity without the interference of British rule.
What religiously based groups had a long tradition of offering alternatives to Western forms of government and political philosophy?
Islamic conservatism
What purpose did the Warsaw Pact serve?
It institutionalized a Soviet response to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).
In what way was American imperialism in the 1890s different from earlier forms of U.S. expansionism?
It took control of new territories without seeking to incorporate them or their people into the national political body.
Tenskwatawa
Native American that led an extensive revival of traditional Native American culture and religion
Italian Fascists considered themselves to be the defenders of...
Peasants, nonsocialist workers, veterans, students, and white-collar professionals
What was Mustafa Kemal's first action to create a European-style secular state in Turkey?
Replacing the sultanate with a republic
Why did Gandhi choose salt as the testing ground for his principles of civil disobedience?
Salt, a government monopoly, symbolized Indians' subjugation to British rule.
Why did some First World powers supported South Africa during the 1950s and 1960s?
South Africa was anticommunist.
What was Charles Darwin's key scientific theory?
Species evolved under the pressures of natural selection.
The "open door policy" for access to China included which of the following concomitant attacks on traditional Chinese culture?
Support for Christian missionaries
What was the result of the Rebellion of 1857?
The British government took control of India from the British East India company and Queen Victoria promised a range of policies to be more inclusive to the native Indians.
How did the outcome of the War of 1812 hasten the ethnic cleansing of Native Americans east of the Mississippi?
The British withdrew their support from south of the Great Lakes, leaving the Shawnee at the mercy of land-hungry American settlers.
What was one of the biggest factors that led to the failure of Mao Zedong's Great Leap Forward in 1958?
The communes failed to provide enough food to avoid famine, and the manufactured goods were inferior.
What was one of the most enduring legacy of the Mexican Revolution?
The creation of communal landholdings for Mexican peasants
What new economic development permitted the accumulation of capital needed to invest in new industries?
The limited-liability, joint-stock company
Which of the following factors challenged the nineteenth-century idea of "separate spheres" for women and men?
The movement of more women into the paid labor force
What were some of the causes of the Great Depression?
The rise of protectionism, the decline of free trade and the crash of the stock market
Prague Spring
The term for the attempted liberation of Czechoslovakia in 1968. - Sought to reform socialism
How many continents were involved in World War II?
The war was fought across 3 continents and involved soldiers from all continents except Antarctica.
What role did the Red Lanterns play in the Boxer Uprising?
Their purity and loyalty to the Boxers' cause seemed to counteract the threat posed by Christianity.
What was a reason why Adolf Hitler and the Nazis were popular with the German electorate?
They claimed success in restoring order and improving the economy.
What was one of the primary goals of the truth commission process used during transitions from oppressive governments to democratic ones?
To increase the legitimacy of the new democratic government
How did social Darwinists use the idea of "survival of the fittest"?
To justify strong nations' domination of weaker ones
True or False: After 1848, both the unified German and Italian states rejected democracy.
True
True or False: Both John L. O'Sullivan and Count Shigenobu Okuma credit Anglo-Saxon culture for the development of their respective countries.
True
True or False: The Ottoman massacre and deportation of over a million Armenians during World War I is generally considered to have been the world's first genocide.
True
What happened to the global distribution of wealth by the end of the twentieth century?
Wealth became concentrated in small groups of rich people scattered around the world.
By the end of the nineteenth century, how did European and American nationalist and racial ideas compare to those of the rest of the world?
Westerners were increasingly concerned with protecting their national and racial purity, while discussions of identity in other parts of the world were part of the opposition to Western domination.
Opium Wars in China
a conflict between Britain and China, lasting from 1839 to 1842, over Britain's opium trade in China
Taiping Rebellion
a mid-19th century rebellion against the Qing Dynasty in China, led by Hong Xiuquan
What were some of the factors that lead to decolonization after World War II?
civil war, negotiated transitions, and incomplete decolonization
Hong Xiuquan
leader of the Taiping rebellion; converted to specifically Chinese form of Christianity; attacked traditional Confucian teachers of Chinese elite; believed he was Jesus' younger brother
Why did President Harry Truman authorize use of the atomic bomb in 1945 instead of deploying troops?
An Allied invasion of Japan would cost hundreds of thousands of American lives, since the Japanese had vowed to defend the main islands to the last man, woman, or child.
What was the cause of the OPEC oil embargo of 1973?
Arab oil-producing states wanted to pressure Israel's First World allies by halting oil exports to them.
Solidarity Movement
1980s - Independent trade movement of Poland breaking free from Russia and attempting to overcome socialism.
Al-Wahhab
A Muslim who was reacting to a perceived decline in Islamic life and stressed the oneness of Islam and the need for a pure Islamic faith.
joint-stock company
A company made up of a group of shareholders. Each shareholder contributes some money to the company and receives some share of the company's profits and debts.
Caste War
A rebellion of the Maya people against the government of Mexico in 1847. It nearly returned the Yucatan to Maya rule. Some Maya rebels retreated to unoccupied territories where they held out until 1901.
