History Single-Line Part 2

Roger of Lauria

- Aragonese naval commander during War of Sicilian Vespers - gouged 300 prisoners' eyes out and left a man with one eye to lead them home after Battle of Les Formigues

Chubut Province

- Argentine region of Patagonia home to Welsh settlement at Y Wladfa

Mo Udall

- Arizona rep. and father of New Mexico Sen. Tom Udall - brother of Secretary of Interior Stewart Udall under JFK and LBJ - wore a glass eye

Battle of Talas (751)

- As-Saffah of Abbasids defeated Xuanzong emperor of Tang - paper was learned by Abbasids after this battle

Dersim Rebellion (1937-38)

- Ataturk suppressed Zaza Kurd uprising under Alevi Seyid Riza

Siegfried Buback

- Attorney General of Germany killed by RAF in drive-by during German Autumn of 1977

Roger East

- Australian journalist killed during Indonesian invasion of East Timor while investigating deaths of Balibo Five - killed on cliff in Dili

Balibo Five (1975)

- Australian journalists killed during Indonesian invasion of East Timor - deaths investigated by Roger East

Battle of Maychew (1936)

- Badoglio poisoned Lake Ashangi, killing tons of Ethiopians - final offensive under Haile Selassie

Treaty of Bassein (1802)

- Baji Rao II of Maratha and Duke of Wellington agreed to peace after Battle of Poona

Wars of Castro (1641-44, 1649)

- Barberinis and Pope Innocent X fought Ranuccio Farnese and Mattias de Medici

Battle of Posada (1330)

- Basarab I of Wallachia defeated Charles I of Hungary

Maximilian II Emanuel

- Bavarian elector that lost at Blenheim and was forced to sign Treaty of Ilbersheim

Battle of Kirkdilim (1391-2)

- Bayezid I lost to Kadi Burhan al-Din during campaign to Anatolia

Battle of Ankara (1402)

- Bayezid I lost to Tamerlane, leading to his death by banging his head against the prison bars

George Harrison

- Beatles guitarist that organized two concerts for awareness of 1971 Bangladesh War at Madison Square Garden

Raoul Vaneigem

- Belgian writer of "The Revolution of Everyday Life" - led Situationist International during May 1968

Battle of Seminara (1495)

- Bernard d'Aubigny defeated Spain and Ferdinand II of Naples - led to Spanish military revolution

Anti-Socialist Law (1878)

- Bismarck banned Social Democrats after assassination attempts on Wilhelm I by Max Hodel and Karl Nobiling (a tin worker and a plumber)

Fred Hampton

- Black Panther killed along with Mark Clark by Chicago police during 1969 raid

Besme

- Bohemian assassin of Gaspard de Coligny in 1572 during St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre - finished job that Charles de Louviers, Lord de Maurevert, started

Jacobite Rising of 1689

- Bonnie Dundee and James VII of Scotland lost to William II of Scotland

Olmstead v. US (1928)

- Brandeis supported right to privacy of Seattle bootlegger in dissent in this case

Other People's Money and How the Bankers Use It (1914)

- Brandeis wrote this against big corporations - published it in Harpers' Weekly

Olmstead v. US (1928)

- Brandeis' dissent in this was invoked at McVeigh's trial; concerned wiretapping of bootlegger in Washington - Taft wrote majority - defendant later campaigned against alcohol as practitioner of Christian Science

Fraser Expedition (1807)

- Britain lost Egypt to Muhammad Ali during Napoleonic Wars

Operation Claret (1964-66)

- British Malaysia sent raids into Indonesian Kalimantan

Miles Lampson

- British ambassador to Egypt and King Farouk - asked to divorce Italian wife after he told Farouk to kick Italian forces out of Egypt

Royalton Raid (1780)

- British and Mohawks raided Vermont Republic - last major Indian raid in New England

Black Week (1899)

- British suffered defeats at Stormberg, Magersfonteine, and Colenso - led to sacking of Redvers "Reverse" Buller

Battle of Philippi (42 BC)

- Brutus and Cassius killed themselves after defeat by Mark Antony and Octavian

Shishman of Vidin

- Bulgar boyar who founded his namesake dynasty - taken over by Nogai Khan of Golden Horde

Krum of Bulgaria

- Bulgar khan that made Nikephoros I's skull into a cup after Pliska - defeated Michael I Rangabe at Versinikia - died while campaigning against Leo V the Armenian

Siege of Adrianople (1912-13)

- Bulgarians Nikola Ivanov and George Vazov worked with Serb Stepa Stepanovic and took Ottoman stronghold during First Balkan War

Ne Win

- Burmese dictator from 1962-88; gave "sword with sword and spear with spear" speech after destroying Rangoon University buildings - changed currency to multiples of 9 and consulted astrologer frequently - overthrown in 8888 Uprising

Peter Lorenz

- CDU candidate for mayor of Berlin captured and later released by RAF - lost to Klaus Schutz

Warren Anderson

- CEO of Union Carbide at the time of Bhopal disaster, which involved leak of methyl isocyanate from Tank 610 - effigy of him was burned following disaster

Lewis Cass Expedition (1820)

- Calhoun authorized this surveying group that included Henry Schoolcraft

South Carolina Exposition and Protest (1828)

- Calhoun claimed that a tariff was "unconstitutional, unequal, and oppressive" and made Southerners "serfs"

Johnson-Reed Immigration Act (1924)

- Calvin Coolidge signed law restricting immigration written by Washington representative and Pennsylvania senator

Laura Secord

- Canadian Paul Revere that walked 20 miles to warn of American attack

Treaty of London (1518)

- Cardinal Wolsey engineered non-aggression pact among European powers against Ottomans

War of the Remences (1462-72)

- Catalan revolt against Ferdinand II of Aragon resolved with Arbitral Decision of Guadalupe in 1486

Garza War (1891-3)

- Catarino Garza violated US-Mexico neutrality in Coahuila against Porfirio Diaz and Frank Wheaton

Edict of Saint-Germaine-en-Laye (1570)

- Catherine de Medici made peace with Huguenots following Battle of Jarnac

Treaty of Nemours (1585)

- Catherine de Medici, Henry III and Duke of Guise created alliance and began War of Three Henries with this agreement

Tadeusz Mazowiecki

- Catholic non-Communist Solidarity PM of Poland - drew "thick line" to excuse Communist crimes

Hissene Habre

- Chad Pres. from 1982-90; took French man Francoise Claustre hostage while leading FROLINAT - had DDS secret police and tortured Rose Lokissim

Battle of Maaten al-Sarra (1987)

- Chad defeated Libya in decisive victory of Toyota War - led by FANT general Hassan Djamous

Battle of Fada (1987)

- Chad's FANT defeated Gaddafi's CDR in Toyota War under Hassan Djamous - Habre received US aid after this

Lelantine War (710-650 BC)

- Chalcis defeated Eretria - only war between Trojan and Persian Wars that involved coalitions/alliances

McCollum v. Illinois Board of Education (1948)

- Champaigne, Illinoi's "released time" for prayers was struck down

Battle of Custoza (1848)

- Charles Albert lost to Radetzky in First Italian War of Independence

Baker v. Carr (1962)

- Charles E. Whittaker was forced to retired b/c of this case - Tom Clark changed his opinion at the last second - Brennan wrote majority opinion

Powell v. Alabama (1932)

- Charles Evan Hughes decided to retry Scottsboro Boys in landmark case

Merlin Incident (1671)

- Charles II declared 3rd Anglo-Dutch War after this, where Dutch didn't properly salute the Royal Yacht

Colloquy of Poissy (1561)

- Charles IX watched Theodore Beza and Charles, Cardinal of Lorraine engage in theological debate in leadup to French Wars of Religion

Algiers Expedition (1541)

- Charles V and Andrea Doria failed to take Ottoman port from Sardinian Hasan Agha

Battle of Muhlberg (1547)

- Charles V, HRE defeated John Frederick I of Saxony while he was carried here with gout - he reportedly said "I came, I saw, God conquered"

Historic Eight Documents

- Charu Majumdar outlined Naxalite ideology in West Benal, leading to 1967 Naxalbari Uprising

Riyad us-Saliheen

- Chechen terrorists who ordered Beslan school siege under Shamil Basayev - included sole surviving hostage-taker Nur-Pashi Kulayev

Miguel Kast

- Chicago Boys economist who resigned after implementing 39:1 peso:USD ratio

Arnold Harberger

- Chicago economist who taught Chicago Boys about his namesake triangle

Alexander Haig

- Chief of Staff under Nixon after Haldemann - confirmed as Lieutenant General after Nixon passed over 240 others

Juye Incident (1897)

- Chinese Big Sword Society killed two German Catholic missionaries

Four Pests Campaign (1958-62)

- Chinese campaign against rats, flies, mosquitoes, and mainly sparrows - transitioned to bed bugs instead of sparrows due to environmental effects

Gorgonius of Nicomedia

- Christian martyr killed along with Peter Cubicularius and Dorotheus during Diocletian's Great Persecution

Battle of Mount Algidus (458 BC)

- Cincinnatus unexpectedly defeated Aequi under Cloelius Gracchus near Rome

Operation Infinite Reach (1998)

- Clinton ordered strikes in Afghanistan and Sudan after 1998 embassy bombings

Battle of Abritus (257)

- Cniva defeated and killed Decius as Goth leader of Scythian federations

Elias Ammons

- Colorado Governor during Ludlow Massacre, where he employed John Chase and John R. Lawson was the only one convicted

Campbell Case (1924)

- Communist Party newspaper editor incited army to mutiny - led to downfall of Labor govt. of MacDonald after he failed to act in response to this

Battle of Beachy Head (1690)

- Comte de Tourville defeated Arthur Herbert, Earl of Torrington in Nine Years' War

Kelo v. New London (2005)

- Connecticut city used eminent domain to repurpose land in this case through Takings Clause of 5th Amendment

William Samuel Johnson

- Connecticut senator and third president of Columbia University - lobbied for Vermont in US political circles

Battle of BIzani (1913)

- Constantine of Greece defeated Ottomans in 1st Balkan War, leading to Treaty of London

Pact of Halepa (1878_

- Crete gained autonomy from Ottomans under Abdul Hamid II

Mengli I Giray

- Crimean khan who allied with Ivan III - disproved grandfather of Suleiman I

Battle of Stugna River (1093)

- Cumans defeated Kievan Rus' and Monomakhs under Sviatopolk II

Burebista

- Dacian king of Getae who was assassinated at the same time as Caesar

Yellow Creek Massacre (1774)

- Daniel Greathouse led massacre of Mingos in prelude to Lord Dunmore's War

Operation Hammer (1987)

- Daryl Gates authorized roundup of 50,000 gang members after drive-by killed 8 people

Battle of Lade (494 BC)

- Datis and Persians crushed Ionian Revolt off the coast of Miletus

Sampit Conflict (2001)

- Dayaks and Madurese fought in Kalimantan on Borneo - hundreds of Madurese decapitated

McCarran-Walter Act (1952)

- Democrats from Nevada and Pennsylvania restricted immigration under Truman

Frank Murphy

- Detroit Mayor (1933-35); defeated Frank Fitzgerald to become governor during Flint sit-down Strike - used word "racism" in Supreme Court opinions

Goudi Coup (1910)

- Dimitrios Rallis was replaced with Venizelos after radical "Japanese Group" advocated reform under George I

Mollen Commission (1992)

- Dinkins investigated NYPD corruption, leading to NYPD Commissioner Lee Brown resigning in favor of Raymond Kelly

Bawdy House Riots (1668)

- Dissenters destroyed brothels of Damaris Page and Elizabeth Cresswell after Charles II banned private lay worship

Francisco Ximenez

- Dominican priest who made first known translation of Popol Vuh

Rebellion of Alpujarras (1568-71)

- Don Juan of Austria and Marquis de Mondejar put down Aben Humaya's revolt in Grenada

Edict of 1577

- Don Juan of Austria signed "Perpetual Edict" as governor-general of Habsburg Netherlands

Memorial Day Massacre (1967)

- Dorothy Day-led striking steel workers killed by Chicago Police under Edward Joseph Kelly

Fakhr al-Din II

- Druze priest that united Maronites with Druze after defeat of Yusuf Sayfa - first "man of Lebanon" killed by Murad IV

Battle of Fleurus (1695)

- Duc de Luxembourg defeated Prince of Waldeck in early battle of Nine Years' War

Battle of Malplaquet (1709)

- Duke of Marlborough and Eugene of Savoy defeated Duc de Villars and Duc de Boufflers

Battle of Ramilies (1706)

- Duke of Marlborough defeated Duc de Villeroi, who never commanded an army again

Battle of Oudenarde (1708)

- Duke of Marlborough defeated Louis of Burgundy and Duc de Vendome

Camaret Bay Letter (1694)

- Duke of Marlborough supposedly sent this to Marquis de Vauban during Nine Years' War

Potato Riots (1917)

- Dutch uprising in Amsterdam after Germany built "Wire of Death" fence

Maratha, Santalaris, and Aloda Massacres (1974)

- EOKA-B massacred 126 people during Turkish invasion of Cyprus

The Other Campaign (2005-6)

- EZLN declared from Lacandon Jungle opposition under Rafael Guillen Vicente and Comandante Ramona

Battle of Edgehill (1642)

- Earl of Essex led Roundheads in first pitched battle of English Civil War

Rudolf Bahro

- East German dissident who wrote "The Alternative" and met with Brandt in 1979

Makram Ebeid

- Egyptian Coptic leader of Wafd Party from 1936-42 - attempted to expose Nahas Pasha in "Black Book" detailing corruption

Lavon Affair (1954)

- Egyptian Jews recruited by Israel to bomb places in Egypt - failed covert operation called Operation Susannah

Ibrahim Abdul Atti

- Egyptian army general who claimed to have found the cure for AIDS and Hepatitis C

Abdel Hakim Amer

- Egyptian political leader that was killed after coup against Nasser - part of Free Officers Movement

Football War (1969)

- El Salvador bombed Toncontin Airport in Tegucigalpa in Honduras, which was led by Oswaldo Lopez Arellano - Anastasio Somoza Debayle aided Honduras and saw last use of piston engine planes

Battle of Segale (1916)

- Empress Zewditu defeated forces of Iyasu V, leading to regency of Haile Selassie

Nicholas Owen

- English Jesuit who built priest holes to escape persecution in Elizabethan England - killed after Gunpowder Plot

Jack Ketch

- English executioner who botched many executions, including Duke of Monmouth's

Michael Ventris

- English linguist who deciphered Linear B with John Chadwick after Emmett Bennett tried earlier

Charles Leslie

- Episcopalian minister who publicized Glencoe Massacre

Battle of Drakenberg (1547)

- Eric II of Brunswick-Luneberg was beat by Schmalkaldic League and he escaped by swimming across Weser River

Hamid Idris Awate

- Eritrean independence leader - succeeded in efforts by Afewerki, who won at Barentu and Massawa

St. George's Night Uprising (1343-45)

- Estonians revolted against Teutonic Knights in mid-14th century

Balcha Safo

- Ethiopian noble who opposed young Haile Selassie - tricked into submitting to Haile Selassie

Alem Bekagne

- Ethiopian prison called "Farewell to the World" that housed Haile Selassie and victims of Yekatit 12 Massacre

Francis Simard

- FLQ member that, with Paul Rose, killed Pierre Laporte by strangling him with religious chain around his neck

Rufus King

- Federalist VP candidate in 1808 and presidential candidate in 1816 with John Howard of Maryland - wrote "Camillus" papers with Hamilton

John E. Howard

- Federalist VP candidate with Rufus King in 1816 - led charge at Cowpens and wounded at Eutaw Springs; Senator from Maryland

1641 Irish Rebellion

- Felim O'Neill rebelled, beginning Eleven Years' War portion of War of Three Kingdoms

Battle of Capo d'Orso (1528)

- Filippino Doria, under French flag, killed gov. of Naples Hugo de Moncada in War of the League of Cognac

Fuller Warren

- Florida governor implicated in corruption by Kefauver Committee - said Kefauver was an "ambition-crazed Caesar"

Banca Romana Scandal (1893)

- Francesco Crispi and Giovanni Giolitti ignored bank irregularities, leading Giolitti's first government's fall

Battle of Diu (1509)

- Francesco de Almeida destroyed Gujarat, Mamluks, and Venice similar to destruction at Lepanto and Trafalgar

Colgrove v. Green (1946)

- Frankfurter said federal govt. had no right to interfere in state legislature appointments in Illinois case - reverted by Baker v. Carr

Michel de L'Hopital

- French chancellor under Charles IX - opposed by Catherine de Medici - resigned after Massacre of Wassy

Zacarias Moussaoui

- French citizen convicted of conspiracy to kill as 20th hijacker in 9/11

Jean Dereze

- French doctor who helped Stephen Giraud in 1793 yellow fever epidemic under Governor Thomas Mifflin

Francois Martin

- French general in Nine Years' War that founded Pondicherry

Jean-Baptiste Kleber

- French general of Revolutionary Wars - killed by Kurdish Solomon El-Halaby in Cairo, who was later impaled

Setif and Guelma Massacre (1945)

- French killed thousands of Algerians during WWII parade

Charles IX of France

- French king from 1560-74; controlled by Catherine of Medici - oversaw St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre and failed siege of La Rochelle

Aimable Pelissier

- French marshal who suffocated 760 Algerian tribesmen in Dahra Caves in 1845

Operation Epervier

- French military presence in Chad from 1986-2014

Francois Clicquot

- French organ builder - widow founded champagne house in Reims

Valery Giscard d'Estaing

- French president after Pompidou from 1974-81 - supported by "Call of 43" and overthrew Bokassa - term saw end of "Trente Glorieuses" - threatened not to attend Juan Carlos I's coronation b/c Pinochet was present

Marquis de Louvois

- French war secretary under Louis XIV

Perusine War (41-40 BC)

- Fulvia and Lucius Antonius supported Mark Antony against Octavian in conflict over land

Operation Lamantin (1977-78)

- GIscard d'Estaing tried to help Mauritania's Moktar Ould Daddah against POLISARIO

War of the Knives (1799-1800)

- Gabriel, Comte d'Hedouville encouraged this conflict between Toussaint and Andre Rigaud

Battle of Caudine Forks (321 BC)w

- Gaius Pontius captured Romans and they immediately surrendered - bloodless Samnite victiry

Battle of Bubat (1357)

- Gajah Mada massacred Sundanese forces after failed wedding proposal - led to his dismissal as Majapahit PM

Battle of Baideng (200 BC)

- Gaozu of Han lost to Modu Chanyu of Xiongnu

Battle of Meloria (1284)

- Genoa under Oberto Doria destroyed Pisa under Alberto Morrosino - Pisa lost because they didn't have time to get the archbishop's blessing; featured Ugolino's treachery

Bank of St. George

- Genoese family-run bank - praised by Machiavelli, Hume, and Montesquieu in Spirit of the Laws

Emu War (1932)

- George Pearce and G.P.W. Meredith failed to exterminate pests in Western Australia

Blount Report (1893)

- Georgian politician found John L. Stevens' overthrow of Liliuokalani illegal

Helmut Schmidt

- German Social Democrat Chancellor from 1974-82 - cracked down on RAF with GSG-9 raids - called "unprincipled, avaricious, and heartless" by Menachem Begin

Jurgen Ponto

- German banker of Dresdner Bank in Frankfurt - killed by RAF in 1977's German Autumn

Walter Rathenau

- German foreign minister who signed Treaty of Rapallo with USSR - killed by Organisation Consul's Erwin Kern

Hanns Martin Schleyer

- German industrialist killed in RAF during 1977 German Autumn; body dumped in France

Philip of Swabia

- German king who fought against Welf Dynasty - killed by Bavarian Otto VIII, leading to ascension of Otto IV, HRE

Polar 3

- German plane returning from South Pole mission that was shot down by POLISARIO front over Western Sahara

Benno Ohnesborg

- German student protesting state visit by Mohammed Reza Shah Pahlavi was killed outside performance of the Magic Flute

South West Africa Campaign (1914-15)

- Germans lost territory to Britain and Portugal in WWI at final battle in Otavi, Namibia

Kiatschou Bay Concession

- Germany gained territory with Qingdao in it

Perceval Doria

- Ghibelline Genoese leader who served Frederick II, HRE and Manfred of Sicily - was also a troubador of the Sicilian School

Ugolino della Gherardesca

- Ghibelline who allied with Guelphs to overthrow Pisa - fled Meloria and was imprisoned at Muda

Battle of Novara (1849)

- Giralomo Ramorino was killed before this battle for treason - Polish Wojcech Chrzanowski under Charles Albert of Sardinia lost to Radetzky

Amboise Conspiracy (1560)

- Godefroy de Barry, seigneur of Le Renaudie attempted to kidnap Francis II, Francis Duke of Guise, and Charles, Cardinal of Lorraine

Tsar Paul I

- Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller after they sought refuge in Russia

Simeon the Proud

- Grand Prince of Moscow who succeeded Ivan "Moneybags" I - killed during Black Death

Foulques de Vilalret

- Grandmaster of Knights Hospitaller who conquered Rhodes in 1306

11 September 22 Revolution

- Greek Army under Nikolaos Plastiras and Georgios Papandreou overthrew Constantine - executed royals in Trial of the Six

Alexander of Greece

- Greek king from 1917-20 - died from a monkey bite and succeeded by Constantine I - caused scandal by marrying commoner Aspasia Manos

Megali Idea

- Greek nationalist idea that spanned "five seas and two continents" - popularized by Venizelos and Ethniki Eteria

Tarlis Incident (1924)

- Greek soldier killed 17 Bulgarian peasants - led to Politis-Kalfov Protocol with League of Nations

Amadou Diallo

- Guinean immigrant killed by NYPD for pulling out a wallet in 1999 - shot at 41 times and hit 19 times

Forbes Burnham

- Guyanese autocrat from 1964-85 - ordered death of Walter Rodney in bombing

Battle of Largs (1263)

- Haakon Haakonarson of Norway fought Alexander of Dundonald at Firth of Clyde - led to Treaty of Perth

Jan Matthys

- Haarlem baker whose wife Divira was taken by Jan van Leiden - declared Munster "New Jerusalem" - fought against prince-bishop Franz von Waldeck - died w/ 12 "apostles" while fighting

Abner Louima

- Haitian who was anally raped with a broom handle outside nightclub by NYPD

Battle of Nisa (1062)

- Harald Hardrada of Norway defeated Sweyn Estridsson of Denmark

Battle of Stamford Bridge (1066)

- Harold Godwinson would give up only "seven feet of English land", as Harald Hardrada was taller than most men - fought on Derwent River - Eystein Orre died while attempting to help Harald Hardrada

Sand War (1963)

- Hassan II and Ahmed Ben Bella warred over Tindouf and Bechar - Cuba and Egypt sided with Algeria - ended with first intervention of OAU (future AU)

Aman Mikael Andom

- Head of State following deposition of Haile Selassie and killing of royal family in Black Saturday (Massacre of the Sixty)

Battle of Bushy Run (1763)

- Henry Bouquet defeated Guyasuta and Keekyuscung, lifting siege of Fort Pitt

Philipsburg Proclamation (1779)

- Henry Clinton freed all slaves in the colonies with this during Revolutionary War

Treaty of Washington (1836)

- Henry Rowe Schoolcraft negotiated with Ottawas and Chippewa for Michigan territory

Day of the Barricades (1588)

- Henry, Duke of Guiss protected himself from arrest by Henry III by blocking up city - assisted by Council of Sixteen and Spanish ambassador Bernardino de Mendoza

Battle of Nineveh (627)

- Heraclius defeated and killed Rhahzadh of Sassanids - restored boundaries of Eastern Roman Empire

Battle of Kakamas (1915)

- Hermann Ritter of Germany lost to J. van Deventer of South Africa during WWI near Orange River

Battle of Calderon Bridge (1810)

- Hidalgo and Allende lost to Calleja, leading to their capture by Ignacio Elizondo at Wells of Bajan

Battle of Monte de las Cruces (1810)

- Hidalgo called insurrection early after Guanajuato Conspiracy was discovered - agreed to meet with viceroy Calleja after this battle

Grito de Dolores (1810)

- Hidalgo delivered speech after Bernardo Gutierrez went to DC to ask for aid - said "Death to Gachupines" with Ignacio Allende and Juan Aldama by his side - leaders of this also led Conspiracy of Queretaro

Abrams v. US (1919)

- Holmes dissented in this Schenck-like case probably because of Zechariah Chafee's criticisms and because he was friends with the Jews at the center of the case

Privilege, Malice, and Intent

- Holmes said that intent to do harm was vital in libel cases in this Harvard Law Review-published work

Federal Baseball Club v. National League (1922)

- Holmes wrote majority opinion that Sherman Antitrust Act doesn't apply to baseball - revolved around Baltimore baseball teams

Buck v. Bell (1927)

- Holmes wrote majority saying that "three generations of imbeciles are enough" using "felt necessity" - case about compulsory sterilization in Virginia

Simone Veil

- Holocaust survivor of Auschwitz who pushed legalization of abortion in 1975 France under GIscard d'Estaing

Battle of Kororareka (1845)

- Hone Heke sacked modern-day city of Russell in Flagstaff War

Rodney Riots (1968)

- Hugh Shearer banned Guyanese historian from entering Jamaica, leading to riots

Louis de Bourbon, Prince de Condé

- Huguenot leader who died at Jarnac, leading to ascension of Gaspard de Coligny

Massacre of Wassy (1562)

- Huguenots holding church service in a barn were burned down by Francis, Duke of Guise

Heinrich Fink

- Humboldt University professor in Berlin who resigned due to past status as "spitzel" (Stasi informer)

Kincsem

- Hungarian horse that won all 54 races it competed it - park in Budapest is named after her

1980 Damascus Titan Explosion

- ICBM accident in Van Buren County, Arkansas - profiled in Eric Schlosser's Command and Control

Battle of Karameh (1968)

- IDF and Jordan (with PLO) fought in War of Attrition following Six-Day War

Michael Camdessus

- IMF managing director from 1987-2000 - dealt with Asian Financial Crisis of 1997

Mara Buneva

- IMRO agent who killed Serb Velimir Prelic and then killed herself - Bulgarian heroin

Ilinden-Preobrazhenie Uprising (1903)

- IMRO declared Krusevo and Strandzha Republics in revolt against Ottomans on Elijah's Day

Ohrid-Debar Uprising (1913)

- IMRO under Petar Chaulev fought against Serb Radomir Putnik over namesake regions

John V. Evans

- Idaho governor from 1977-87 whom Randy Weaver threatened to kill in dispute with Terry Kinnison after being pals with Frank Kumnick

Coeur d'Alene Labor Strike (1892)

- Idaho miners' strike led by George Pettibone and put down by Charles Siringo

Mann-Elkins Act (1910)

- Illinois representative and West Virginia Senator expanded role of ICC in telecommunications

1974 Miss Universe Pageant

- Imelda Marcos held this event in Folk Arts Theater, which was built in three months

MacDonald House Bombing (1965)

- Indonesian militants killed 22 bank bombing in Singapore during Konfrontasi

Omme datum optimum (1139)

- Innocent II gave papal protection to Knights Templar and exempted them from taxes/tithes

Hedge schools

- Irish schools for Catholics run by Edmund Ignatius Rice

Larne gun-running (1914)

- Irish under Frederick Crawford and Wilfrid Spender got tons of ammo from German Empire

Donnacona

- Iroquois chief kidnapped by Jacques Cartier to find mythical Kingdom of Saguenay

Battle of Petroe (Hades) (1037)

- Isaac I Komnenos defeated Michael VI Stratiokitos, taking Byzantine throne

Tour de Nesle Affair (1314)

- Isabella of France saw the purses she gave her sisters-in-law in the hands of Philip and Walter of Aunay - exposed them, leading to angry Philip IV

Bandiera Brothers

- Italian nationalists inspired by Mazzini to land at Crotone and take Cosenza - executed by firing squad

Bakar Mockery (1918)

- Italian navy raid led by d'Annunzio in WWI that was militarily irrelevant, but raised Italian morale

Aigues-Mortes Massacre (1893)

- Italian workers in salt pits killed by Frenchmen - no convictions resulted, partly due to confusion over the name "Vernet"

Curragh Incident (1914)

- J.E.B. Seely and John French were pushed out by Asquith after Irish tried to arm Ulster volunteers

Weinsberg Massacre (1525)

- Jack Rohrbach ordered 70 nobles to "run the gauntlet of pikes" in Peasants' War

Fall of Ruad (1302-03)

- Jacques de Molay and Henry II of Jerusalem failed to stop loss of last Crusader outpost

Mulligan Letters (1876)

- James Blaine indicted on railroad fraud with Little Rock and Fort Smith railroad - said "kindly burn this letter"

Battle of Bloody Run (1763)

- James Dalyell and Robert Rogers defeated near Parents' Creek in Detroit during Pontiac's Rebellion

San Ysidro McDonald's Massacre (1984)

- James Huberty killed 21 people in San Diego and was defended by his widow with claims that it was due to overconsumption of monosodium glutamate

Wagon Box Fight (1867)

- James Powell fought Crazy Horse and Red Cloud in Red Cloud's War near Fort Phil Kearney, Wyoming

Maritz Rebellion (1914-15)

- Jan Smuts put down this revolt in South Africa during WWI known as Five Shillings Rebellion

Battle of Kutna Hora (1421)

- Jan Zizka defeated Holy Roman Empire and Hungary with Taborite war wagons after crusade by Martin V

Yui Mitsue

- Japanese General who led Siberian intervention with Baron Ungern and Alexander Kolchak

Homfreyganj Massacre (1944)

- Japanese killed 44 Indian civilians during WWII in Andaman Islands

Battle of Kalka River (1223)

- Jebe and Subotai the Valiant defeated Kiev under Mstislav III

Notes on the State of Virginia

- Jefferson wrote about his state in response to questions from Francois de Babe-Marbois

Minersville School District v. Gobitis (1940)

- Jehovah's Witnesses refused to salute flag - Frankfurter wrote majority, saying "national unity= national security"; only dissenter was Harlan Stone - later overturned by Jackson's majority in West Virginia Board of Education v. Barnette

Bay View Massacre (1886)

- Jeremiah McClain Rusk put down labor protests violently in Milwaukee

Jean Chatel

- Jesuit and attempted knife assassin of Henry IV of France - had hand melted off and executed in 1594

Treaty of Alcacovas (1479)

- Joanna la Beltraneja and Afonso V gave up to Isabella of Castile, ending War of Castilian Succession

Trier Witch Trials (1587-93)

- Johann von Schonenberg conducted largest witch trial in European history

Battle of Dakar (1940)

- John Cunningham failed to destroy Vichy fleet in Operation Menace in Senegal

Capitulation of Wittenberg (1547)

- John Frederick I of Saxony surrendered city to Charles V and Duke of Alba in Schmalkaldic Wars

Battle of Gonzales (1835)

- John Henry Moore defeated Francisco de Castañeda in first battle of Texas Revolution - cannon was vital to battle, where "Come and Take It" flag started

Treaty of Le Goulet (1200)

- John I and Philip Augustus agreed to terms over Duchy of Normandy

Lwow Oath (1656)

- John II Casimir entrusted Virgin Mary with protection of Poland-Lithuania

Zeebrugge Raid (1918)

- John Jellicoe attempted to block Belgian port of Bruges

The First Blast of the Trumpet against the Monstrous Regiment of Women

- John Knox attacked Mary I in this pamphlet

Downing Street Declaration (1993)

- John Major and Taioseach Albert Reynolds agreed to Irish self-determination

Battle of Bug Badsak (1913)

- John Pershing stopped juramentados of Moro Rebellion with Colt .45

Lincoln County War (1878-81)

- John Tunstall and Alexander McSween killed in New Mexico War that included Billy the Kid and Blackwater Massacre

Pound Ridge Massacre (1644)

- John Underhill massacred 500-700 Wappingen Indians in Kieft's War

Treaty of Badajoz (1801)

- John of Portugal and Manuel de Godoy signed Portuguese conciliatory treaty

Hazza' Majali

- Jordanian PM killed in 1960 - bomb blew him up in his office

Battle of El Roble (1813)

- Jose Miguel Carrera won against Spanish after O'Higgins said "Live with honour or die with glory"

Battle of Coyotepe Hill (1912)

- Joseph Pendleton and Smedley Butler defeated Benjamin Zeledon during occupation of Nicaragua

Farnley Wood Plot (1664)

- Joshua Greathead and Thomas Oates tried to overthrow monarchy of Charles II in Leeds

Massacre of Badajoz (1936)

- Juan Yague killed 4,000 prisoners after burning some in a church - admitted it to John Whitaker, saying "what was I gonna do?"

Battle of Argentoratum (Strasbourg) (357)

- Julian the Apostate defeated Chnodomarius of Alemanni - Ammianus Marcellinus fought here

Battle of Samarra (363)

- Julian the Apostate died fighting Merena of Sassanids here - he said "thou has conquered, Galilean"

Blue House Raid (1968)

- KPA 124 sent by Kim Il-Sung to kill Park Chung-Hee - Unit 124 said "no one would look for us in a graveyard"

Battle of Adrianople (1205)

- Kaloyan of Asen Bulgaers defeated Baldwin I of Latin Empire

Revolt of the Three Feudatories (1673-81)

- Kangxi Emperor put down rebellion of Wu Sangui

Gonzales v. Carhart (2007)

- Kennedy's majority opinion upheld partial abortion in New Jersey

Old Court- New Court Controversy

- Kentucky General Assembly made new court that conflicted with Governor Joseph Desha

Happy Chandler

- Kentucky governor and senator who accused Alben Barkley of using WPA to campaign for him, leading to Hatch Act - second commissioner of MLB

Stone v. Graham (1980)

- Kentucky schools couldn't post Ten Commandments posters in school - only Rehnquist dissented

Battle of Yarmouk (636)

- Khalid Ibn al-Walid defeated Byzantines under Theodore Trithyrius (Heraclius' general) in turning point of Arab-Byzantine wars

Yelu Chucai

- Khitan administrator of Mongol China - advised Genghis to have mercy on people of Northern China

Pavonia Massacre (1643)

- Kieft ordered murder of 120 Lenape with help of Council of Twelve Men in his namesake war

Tancred of Lecce

- King of Sicily who succeeded William II and was known as "monkey king"

Proclamation of Polaneiac (1794)

- Kosciuszko abolished serfdom during uprising and took famous oath

Battle of Versinikia (813)

- Krum of Bulgaria defeated Michael I Rangabe of Byzantines - almost led to a siege of Constantinople

Daryl Gates

- LAPD chief from 1978-92; said "casual drug use is treason" - said "blacks die easier from choking b/c their arteries open slower than normal people"

Edward Davis

- LAPD chief who formed CRASH and supported gay conversion therapy - announced arrest of Manson - recommended "portable gallows" for plane hijackers

Rampart Scandal (1999)

- LAPD's CRASH was corrupt according to officer Rafael Perez - led to fall of LAPD Chief Bernard Parks

Battle of Curzola (1298)

- Lamba Doria (Genoa) defeated Andrea Dandolo (Venice) - Marco Polo was captured here and Andrea Lamba Doria's son died here

Kamal Jumblatt

- Lebanese leader in civil war and father of Druze son, Walid - probably killed by Syrians

Cedar Revolution (2005)

- Lebanese revolution led by March 14 alliance after assassination of Rafik Hariri

Battle of Akroinon (740)

- Leo the Isaurian defeated Arabs under Abdallah al-Battal in turning point of Arab-Byzantine Wars

1st Battle of Bud Dajo (1906)

- Leonard Wood led genocide of 1000 Moros in crater; sparked by insurgent datu Pala

Hassan Uprising (1903-04)

- Leonard Wood sent soldiers to put down Moro Revolt, but namesake took 34 shots to kill w/ kris blade in his mouth

Battle of Yanshi (618)

- Li Mi lost to Wang Shichong, who overthrew last Sui emperor Yang Tang

Charles Bradlaugh

- Liberal MP and atheist who was almost kicked out of Parliament for not taking oath - made long speech about London Matchgirls Strike

William McMahon

- Liberal PM of Australia never elected because of vote of no confidence against John Gorton

Italo-Turkish War (1911-12)

- Libya was center of this conflict; precursor to Balkan Wars - ended with Treaty of Ouchy

Destruction of opium at Humen (1839)

- Lin Zexu destroyed opium at city harbor to start First Opium War

Mansion House Speech (1911)

- Lloyd George said "peace at any price is a humiliation" during Agadir Crisis under Asquith

Charles I of Monaco

- Lord of Monaco and founder of Grimaldi Dynasty - succeeded his father Rainier I and fought at Crecy

Treaty of Paris, or Meaux (1219)

- Louis IX agreed to peace with Raymond VII of Toulouse, ending Albigensian Crusade

War of the Reunions (1683-84)

- Louis XIV gained territory from Charles II of Spain through Truce of Ratisbon in this leadup to the Nine Years' War

Battle of Jarnac (1569)

- Louis, Prince of Condé lost to Sieur de Tavanne in French Religious Wars and died after surrendering - led to ascension of Gaspard de Coligny

Corpus Christi Massacre (1971)

- Luis Echevarria put down protests with Los Halcones after Mexico 68 movement

"Marlboro Marine" photo (2004)

- Luis Sinco took photo of marine James Blake Miller after Battle of Fallujah - shows future sufferer of PTSD

Pig War (1859)

- Lyman Cutlar killed Charles Griffin's pig, leading to famous line - George Pickett said "We'll make a Bunker Hill out of it" - dispute over San Juan Islands - ended by R.L. Baynes - Silas Casey led American forces in this conflict

Peter Ueberroth

- MLB commissioner and organizer of 1984 LA Olympics, which USSR boycotted in favor of "Friendship Games"

Battle of the Downs (1639)

- Maarten Tromp destroyed Spanish fleet of Antonio de Oquendo in Eighty Years' War

Battle of Scheveningen (1653)

- Maarten Tromp died in last naval battle of 1st Anglo-Dutch War - morale was still high b/c of his raised standard

Eigg Massacre (1577)

- MacLeods burned 395 Ranalds in the Cave of Frances during Highland War

Creole Case (1841)

- Madison Washington took over namesake ship and headed to Nassau - occurred during Webster-Ashburton negotiations

1964 Race Riots Singapore

- Malays and Chinese rioted during celebration of Mawlid

London Conference (1938)

- Malcolm MacDonald met with Arabs and Jews to resolve issues - ended with 1939 White Paper of policy

Battle of Apache Pass (1862)

- Mangas Coloradas and Cochise lost to Thomas Roberts' California Column in Arizona

Harvey Weinig

- Manhattan lawyer who helped launder money for Cali Cartel - let go by Clinton in Pardongate

Lisbon Regicide

- Manuel Reis Buica and Alfredo Luis da Costa killed Portugal's Carlos I and his heir Luis Filipe

Boyd Massacre (1809)

- Maori killed and ate 60-70 Europeans in Whangaroa Harbor

Battle of Ohaeawai (1845)

- Maori resisted British with pa fort, which protected them from cannon fire

Malones

- Mapuche cattle raiders who operated near Bio-Bio River

Willhelminer War (882-884)

- Margraves of Austria fought with usurper Aribo with aid of Charles the Fat and Svatopluk I of Moravia

Disaster of Rancagua (1814)

- Mariano Osorio destroyed Patria Vieja under O'Higgins and Juan Jose Carrera

Bechara Boutros al-Rahi

- Maronite patriarch living in Bkerke who follows Phoenicianism

Duc de Tallard

- Marshal of France who lost while reinforcing Ferdinand de Marsin at Blenheim

John W. McCormack

- Massachusetts Rep. and Speaker of the House - member of "Big Four" of FDR

Maaouya Ould Taya

- Mauritanian president from 1984-2005 - freed all prisoners when he came to power - overthrew Ould Haidalla

Pacal the Great

- Mayan ruler of Palenque in 7th century - ruled for 68 years, longest monarchical reign in America

Knapp Commission (1970)

- Mayor Lindsay created this to investigate NYPD corruption due to Serpico's leads - divided cops into "meat eaters" and "grass eaters"

Siege of Leiden (1574)

- Mayor Pieter van der Werff told starving citizens they could eat his arm in siege during Eighty Years' War

Duties of Man

- Mazzini promoted woman's rights in this pamphlet - said "you are men before you are citizens or fathers"

Carlos Salinas de Gortari

- Mexican president who won 1988 election against Cuahtemac Cardenas of FDN - ended ejido system, privatizing land

Jose Maria Morelos

- Mexican priest and independence leader after Hidalgo's death - led Congress of Anahuac in creating Constitution of Apatzingan

Four Days' Battle (1666)

- Michiel de Ruyter defeated George Monck in super long naval battle of 2nd Anglo-Dutch War

Battle of Augusta (1676)

- Michiel de Ruyter died in Franco-Dutch War loss to Abraham Duquesne

Smolensk War (1632-34)

- Mikhail Shein under Michael I failed to capture city in Poland-Lithuania, leading to his execution

Piazza Fontana Bombing (1969)

- Milan bank bombed by Ordine Nuovo's Carlo Digilio; Giuseppe Pinelli and Luigi Calabresi killed b/c of this

Battle of Rovine (1395)

- Mircea the Elder defeated Bayezid I after dressing up as a peace emissary to negotiate

James Eastland

- Mississippi Senator who blocked Voting Rights Act and said Freedom Summer murders were a "hoax" to LBJ

Parchman Farm

- Mississippi prison where Ross Barnett told guards to "break spirits, not bones" of Freedom Riders

Bayan

- Mongol general who completed Mongol conquest of China - Ahmad Fanakati became jealous of this man

Peljidiin Genden

- Mongolian leader purged by Stalin after arriving at Foros - instigated Lkhumbe Affair and promoted Buddhism

Battle of Xiangyang (1267-73)

- Mongols defeated forces of Duzong, who didn't know the outcome of the battle until later - sealed the fate of the Song Dynasty

Battle of Yamen (1279)

- Mongols under Zhang Hongfan finally destroyed and conquered Song Dynasty

Liberation Cell

- Montreal-based FLQ group that demanded $500,000 in gold, rehiring of 450 postal workers, and flights to Cuba or Algeria during October Crisis

Hassan II of Morocco

- Moroccan king of Alaouite Dynasty who oversaw "Years of Lead" - faced 1972 attack on his plane, where he tried to misdirect attackers by saying "the tyrant is dead" - survived 1971 coup attempt sponsored by Libya's Mohamed Medbouh and Mohamed Ababou - seized Spanish Sahara in Green March

Mehdi Ben Barka

- Moroccan political dissident who may have "disappeared" on orders of Hassan II - death profiled by Ronen Benjamin

Paint Creek- Cabin Creek Strike (1912)

- Mother Jones fought against Baldwin-Felts Detectives in West Virginia - similar to Matewan

D'arcy Concession (1901)

- Mozaffar al-Din, Qajar Shah of Persia, gave away oil to namesake British diplomat

Operation Murambatsvina (2005)

- Mugabe forcibly cleared out slums - plan inspired by ideas from Mengistu

Election Eve Speech (1980)

- Muskie spoke from "Cape Elizabeth" to tell voters to cast vote for Dems in midterms

Al-Jabarti

- Muslim historian who wrote about Napoleon's invasion of Egypt and rise of Muhammad Ali

Bologna Train Station Bombing (1980_

- NAR bombed Central Station in Years of Lead during term of Francesco Cossiga - applause after this for President Sandro Pertini, who said "we are facing the most criminal enterprise in Italy"

Zorach v. Clauson (1952)

- NY case involving religion in schools and one hour set aside for prayer

Fiorello La Guardia

- NYC mayor from 1934-45; banned artichokes due to mafia money and read comics over radio in 1939 World's Fair

John P. O'Brien

- NYC mayor in 1933 who, when asked who is police commissioner was, said "I don't know, they haven't told me yet"

Michael Dowd

- NYPD corrupt officer who was involved with the Diaz Mafia

Adrian Schoolcraft

- NYPD officer who exposed corruption through secret recordings, similar to Robert Leuci

Charles Becker

- NYPD officerexecuted for killing Herman Rosenthal in 1915 - arrested Ruby Young, Stephen Crane's hooker

Battle of Magenta (1859)

- Napoleon III and Victor Emmanuel II defeated Ferenc Gyulay in 2nd Italian War of Independence

Battle of Solferino (1859)

- Napoleon III and Victor Emmanuel II defeated Franz Josef I where all armies were under personal command of monarchs - broke into 3 different battles at Medole, San Martino, and its namesake location - Red Cross was founded at Castiglione delle Stiviere

Philosophy of the Revolution (book)

- Nasser wrote this book and said he wanted to rule 55 million Arabs, then 224 million Africans, then 420 million Muslims

Lager Sylt

- Nazi concentration camp in Channel Islands run by Karl Tietz, who employed blacks - built by Organisation Todt and Spanish exiles

Wilhelm Kube

- Nazi leader of Belarus assassinated in Operation Blow-Up by maid Yelena Mazanik - compared Jews to "the plague and syphilis"

Pablo Bartholomew

- New Delhi-based photographer who took picture of buried baby girl following Bhopal

Daniel S. Dickinson

- New York Senator that led Hard Hunkers against William Marcy's Soft Hunkers

Lexow Committee (1894)

- New York state senate probe into NYPD corruption - organized after election of mayor William Strong

1960 Ethiopian coup attempt

- Neway brothers attempted coup while Haile Selassie was in Brazil - put down by Abuna Basilios, patriarch of Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church

Battle of Marsaglia (1693)

- Nicholas Catinat defeated Victor Amadeus II of Savoy in Nine Years' War

Siege of Szigetvar (1566)

- Nikolai Subic Zrinski made last stand against Suleiman, deterring further Ottoman advance - said by Richelieu to be "the battle that saved civilization"

Battle of Camaret (1694)

- Nine Years' War battle where Marquis de Vauban defeated Thomas Tollemache in his only field command

Sack of Thessalonica (1185)

- Normans of William the Good sacked city under David Komnenos and Eustathius

Kapp Putsch (1920)

- Noske's order to disband Freikorps led to revolt and occupation of Berlin by namesake, Hermann Ehrhardt, and Walther von Luttwitz - featured participation by Ludendorff and Pabst - Weimar army commander Hans von Seeckt refused to fire on coup leaders

Grutter v. Bollinger (2003)

- O'Connor wrote majority in UMichigan law school affirmative action case

New York v. US (1992)

- O'Connor wrote majority in this case about disposal of nuclear waste

William Stanberry

- Ohio Senator who accused Sam Houston of being part of scam with Robert Rose, leading to him getting beat up with a cane

Carl Albert

- Oklahoma rep. and Speaker of the House - could have made himself acting president through 25th Amendment in Watergate

Battle of Svolder (1000)

- Olaf Tryggvason lost to Sweyn Forkbeard after Einar Thambarskelfir's bow broke

Albanian Subversions

- Operations Valuable and Fiend attempted to free Albania from Communists post-WW2 - used group of exiles called Company 4000

Battle of Heavenfeld (634)

- Oswald of Northumbria defeated and killed Cadwallon ap Cadfan, King of Gwynedd

Battle of Winwaed (655)

- Oswiu of Bernicia (and Northumbria) defeated and killed Penda of Mercia near Cock Beck stream

Synod of Whitby (664)

- Oswiu of Northumbria and Bernicia said he would follow Roman customs of calculating Easter, not Irish ones

Battle of Andernach (939)

- Otto I's forces crushed rebellion of Dukes of Franconia and Lotharingia

Lufthansa Flight 181 (1977)

- PFLP's "Commando Martyr Halima" hijacked planes in support of RAF prisoners - landed in Mogadishu

Casimiro Monteiro

- PIDE agent that killed Humberto Delgado and FRELIMO leader Eduardo Mondlane - tortured Goa independence agitators at Valpoi police station

Pidjiguiti Massacre (1959)

- PIDE massacred striking PAIGC dock-workers in Bissau, Guinea-Bissau

Eugenia Charles

- PM of Dominica from 1980-95 - first woman lawyer in Dominica and first woman elected in the Americas - served with President Aurelius Marie

Mahmoud al-Nokrashy Pasha

- PM of Egypt killed by Muslim Brotherhood under reign of King Farouk I

Aklilu Hable-Wold

- PM of Ethiopia under Haile Selassie - resigned in favor of Endelkachew Makonnen under pressure from Derg

Antonio di Rudini

- PM of Italy replaced after Giuseppe Mussi was killed during Bava-Beccaris Massacre - succeeded by Luigi Pelloux

Edward Seaga

- PM of Jamaica who supported US invasion of Grenada - succeeded by Michael Marley

Wasfi Tal

- PM of Jordan under King Hussein from 1962-71 - killed by Black September who supposedly drank his blood from the steps of the Cairo Sheraton

Michael J. Savage

- PM of New Zealand at beginning of WWII - criticized peace at Munich, saying it was "too high a price"

George Forbes

- PM of New Zealand from 1930-35 - helped load sheep onto railway wagons from time to time

Julius Chan

- PM of Papua New Guinea who attempted to resolve the Bougainville insurgency through Sandline Affair and Operation Rausim Kwik, leading to resignation

Antonio Maura

- PM replaced after Tragic Week and exile of Alejandro Lerroux - replaced by Segismundo Moret under Alfonso XIII

Abu Daoud

- Palestinian who led Black September and carried out Munich Massacre in 1972

Maurice Grimaud

- Parisian police chief who avoided violence with allies of Mitterand and Pierre Mendes France during May 1968

Germanos I

- Patriarch of Constantinople who resigned after Leo III started iconoclasm - replaced by Anastasios

Bear River Massacre (1863)

- Patrick Edward Connor and Edward McGarry massacred hundreds of Shoshone under Bear Hunter - Chief Sedgwick escaped, as did Pocatello

Sublimis Deus (1537)

- Paul III declared slavery of indigenous Americans - similar to Pastorale officium

Battle of Hatfield Chase (633)

- Penda of Mercia and Cadwallon ap Cadfon defeated and killed Edwin of Northumbria

Battle of Circencester (628)

- Penda of Mercia defeated Gewisse, taking control of Severn Valley

Battle of Maserfield (641-42)

- Penda of Mercia killed and dismembered Oswald of Northumbria here

Jangal Movement (1915-1920)

- Persian rebellion against Qajar Dynasty in Iran led by Soviets and Mirza Kuchik Khan

Salt War (1540)

- Perugia revolted against tax - put down by Pierluigi Farnese and Pope Paul III

Juan Velasco Alvarado

- Peruvian dictator who told Chileans to "stop with the bullshit or tomorrow I shall eat breakfast in Santiago"

Fernando Belaunde

- Peruvian president overthrown by Juan Velasco Alvarado's dictatorship - led "El Manguerazo" protest against state suppression of his candidacy

Victor Haya de la Torre

- Peruvian who founded APRA, rejected Washington and Moscow in famous quote

Madhav Rao I

- Peshwa (chief minister) of Marathas that led Maratha resurrection after Third Battle of Panipat and before capture of Najibabad

Battle of Muret (1213)

- Peter II of Aragon died in loss to Simon IV of Montfort during Albigensian Crusade

Battle of Col de Panissars (1285)

- Peter III of Aragon defeated French forces of Philip III, who later died of dysentery

Ehden Massacre (1978)

- Phalangists killed Maradas and attacked mansion of Suleiman Frangieh in Lebanese Civil War

Battle of Frankenhausen (1525)

- Philip I of Hesse and George of Wettin defeated and killed Muntzer in German Peasants' War

Battle of Verona (249)

- Philip the Arab killed by Decius, according to Zosimus

Battle of Marciano (1554)

- Piero Strozzi and Siena lost to Gian Giacomo Medici, known as "small Medici" or "Medeghino" - Siena became absorbed into Florence after this battle

March of the Iron Will (1936)

- Pietro Badoglio marched on Addis Ababa, leading to Haile Selassie moving to Gore

Charles Siringo

- Pinkerton agent that saved Clarence Darrow from lynching - wrote about fraudulent election of Colorado Governor James Peabody

James McParland

- Pinkerton agent who investigated Jacob McLaughlin and worked for Franklin Gowen in Reading Railroad Strike as "James McKenna"

Steve Christian

- Pitcairn mayor convicted of child rape - similar to Mike Warren in 2010

Vatican I (1869-70)

- Pius IX passed Dei Filius and Pastor Aeternus (papal infallibility) against Filippo Guidi's objections - included Henry Edward Manning and Ignatius von Senestrey - Bernard John McQuaid complained of weather and so did James Roosevelt Bayley of high prices in Rome

Operation Tempest

- Polish Home Army led uprisings across Poland in WW2 - began on "W" Hour

Jan Karski

- Polish exile who told Felix Frankfurter about Holocaust, who said "I can't believe it"

Jan Karski

- Polish messenger at Warsaw Ghetto who reported on conditions near Chlodna Street

Tarnogrod Confederation (1715-16)

- Polish nobility held Silent Sejm against Augustus II the Strong from House of Wettin

Teixeira de Sousa

- Portuguese doctor and advisor to King Manuel II

Miguel Bombarda

- Portuguese doctor killed during 5 October 1910 Revolution

Nuno Alvares Pereira

- Portuguese general and saint who supported John I of Aviz during 1383-85 interregnum

Academic Crisis (1962)

- Portuguese govt. tried to close down university organizations - Caetano resigned from Lisbon professorship in protest and later became part of Salazar's govt.

Carbonaria

- Portuguese revolutionaries who participated in Lisbon Regicide on Tagus River in Praca do Comercio

Primavalle Fire (1973)

- Potere Operaio burnt two children of neo-fascist Mario Mattei alive during Years of Lead

Sheikh Mujibur Rahman

- President of Bangladesh who called for Six Point Movement at March 7 Speech at Bangabandhar

Oscar Carmona

- President of Portugal from 1926-51 while Salazar was PM

Nicolas Salmeron

- President of Spain who besieged Cartagena during Cantonal Revolt of 1873

Joseph von Radowitz

- Prussian foreign minister and leader of conservatives at Frankfurt Parliament of 1848

Battle of Raphia (217 BC)

- Ptolemy IV defeated Antiochus III with elephants - Theodotus the Aetolian tried to assassinate Ptolemy before this battle

Amelie of Orleans

- Queen of Portugal with King Carlos I and protected future Manuel II with flower bouquet

West German Embassy Siege (1975)

- RAF under name "Kommando Holger Meins" besieged embassy in Stockholm

Battle of Kandalur Salai (10th Century)

- Rajaraja defeated Chera dynasty with Colandia and Sangara ships

Siege of Montsegur (1243)

- Raymond de Pereille and Cathars burned after 9-month siege years after Albigensian Crusade

Siege of St. Andrews Castle (1546-47)

- Regent Arran seized castle after the murder of David Beaton - John Knox was captured and sent to work in French galleys as slave

William Lemke

- Rep. from North Dakota who ran on 1936 Union Party ticket with attorney Thomas O'Brien

Red Terror (1936-39)

- Republicans executed Sacred Heart of Jesus and killed priests with executioner La Pecosa, "the freckled one"

Battle of Flores (1591)

- Richard Grenville, Walter Raleigh's cousin, heroically commanded Revenge here

Oxford Evolution Debate (1860)

- Robert Fitzroy supported Wilberforce here by lifting a Bible and saying that "God was smarter than man" - involved blind economist Henry Fawcett, Joseph Dalton Hooker, lecture by John William Draper, and fainting of Lady Brewster

Battle of Magdala (1868)

- Robert Napier's expedition finally defeated Tewodros II in this siege - Tewodros II committed suicide before his capture with a pistol given to him by Victoria

Abdeen Palace Incident (1942)

- Robert Stone surrounded King Farouk's palace - Farouk was forced to replace Hussein Serry Pasha with Nahas Pasha

Battle of the Counts (1287)

- Roger of Lauria (Aragon) defeated Angevin navy in War of the Sicilian Vespers

Battle of Les Formigues (1285)

- Roger of Lauria broke French fleet in night attack during War of the Sicilian Vespers

Philip Berrigan

- Roman Catholic priest and peace activist that protested Vietnam War and created Plowshares Movement

Magnentius

- Roman usurper who overthrew Constans I in 350, who was said to die in the arms of his grandmother

Lancieri

- Romanian blue-shirted fascists that opposed green-shirted Iron Guard

2nd League of Armed Neutrality

- Russia under Paul I organized economic anti-British alliance - ended at Battle of Copenhagen

Harakat Tahrir

- Sahrawi movement for independence created by Mohammed Bassiri that led Zemla Intifada in 1970

Portella della Ginestra Massacre (1947)

- Salvatore Giuliano opened fire on Communists in Palermo - led to Viterbo Trial

Battle of La Ebonal (1859)

- Samuel Heintzelmann defeated Teodoro Zamora's forces in Cortina War in Texas

Siege of Gaeta (1860)

- Sardinia and Hungary defeated Kingdom of Two Sicilies - final battle between Sardinia and Kingdom of Two Sicilies

Charles Albert

- Sardinian King who made his namesake "Statute" into a constitution - known as "Italian Hamlet" and "Hesitant King"

Bishops' Wars (1639-40)

- Scottish Covenanters under Marquess of Montrose and Alexander Leslie favored Presbyterian control of Scottish churches - ended with Treaty of Ripon after Battle of Newburn

Viscount Dundee

- Scottish Jacobite leader who died in Battle of Killiecrankie despite his victory, ending 1689 rebellion - asked a soldier how the day was, who said good for James, not for you; he didn't care - known as "Bluidy Clavers"

John Logie Baird

- Scottish born inventor of mechanical television

Ole Hanson

- Seattle mayor who put down 1919 Seattle General Strike - resigned after an anarchist bombing "I am tired out and am going fishing"

Bruce Babbitt

- Secretary of Interior under Bill Clinton - implicated for Indian casino permit scandal in Wisconsin called Wampumgate - former Governor of Arizona

Rogers Plan (1969)

- Secretary of State under Nixon proposed end to Six-Day War and War of Attrition through Gunnar Jarring's negotiations and UN Resolution 242

Luke E. Wright

- Secretary of War and Governor-General of Philippines, succeeding Taft in both positions - helped manage Memphis yellow fever epidemic in 1878

Operation Green Sea (1970)

- Sekou Toure invaded by Portugal to capture PAIGC leader Amilcar Cabral

Antiochus IV Epiphanes-

- Seleucid king who supported High Priest Jason and executed Jews, leading to Maccabee Revolt

Scott Lucas

- Senate majority leader who lost his Illinois seat after opposing Kefauver Committee

Nathan Sanford

- Senator from NY and VP of Clay in 1824 - house was later used as insane asylum

Edmund Kean

- Shakespearean English actor and rival of Junius Brutus Booth in Transcontinental Rivalry

Treaty of Camp Charlotte (1774)

- Shawnees under Cornstalk agreed to peace in Lord Dunmore's War - followed by Fort Gower Resolves

Battle of Penghu (1683)

- Shi Lang defeated by Kangxi in naval battle, leading to end of Tungning

Battle of Surat (1664)

- Shivaji sacked city under Irayat Khan and Aurangzeb

Washakie

- Shoshone chief and fur trader that took his name from his battle tactic of gourd-rattling - signed Treaties of Fort Laramie and Fort Bridger

Ned Blackhawk

- Shoshone historian at Yale who wrote "Violence over the Land: Indians and Empire in the Early American West"

The Dann Sisters

- Shoshone sisters who are land rights activists - profiled in American Outrage documentary

Old Toby

- Shoshone who guided Lewis and Clark along with Tetoharsky and Twisted Hair - real name meant "furnished white white-man brains"

Battle of Montaperti (1260)

- Sienese Ghibellines defeated Florentine Guelphs with aid of traitor Bocca degli Abati

Siege of Minerve (1210)

- Simon IV of Montfort led forces singing "Te Deum" into city during Albigensian Crusade

Milwaukee Bridge War (1845)

- Solomon Juneau and Byron Kilbourn fought over placement of bridge

James Byrnes

- South Carolina politician and Sec. of State for Truman - outspoken supporter of New Deal and "lynching was necessary"

Sidney and Beatrice Webb

- Soviet supporters who were not shown true effects of Holodomor

Third Treaty of San Ildefonso (1800)

- Spain returned Louisiana to French in exchange for Tuscany

Gonzalo Queipo de Llano

- Spanish Nationalist leader who warned "immodest women" would be raped and fed castor oil

Bernardino de Mendoza

- Spanish ambassador expelled from England after Throckmorton Plot - ambassador to Henry III of France - sought to eliminate Huguenots in War of Three Henries

Josemaria Escriva

- Spanish priest who founded Opus Dei and wrote The Way

1974 Tamil Conference Incident

- Sri Lankan police killed Tamils at conference under first woman leader in the world Bandanaraike

Boleslaw Bierut

- Stalinist leader of post-WWII Poland - namesake decrees promoted anti-German sentiment - died mysteriously after Secret Speech

Battle of Simbirsk (1670)

- Stepan Razin lost to Prince Baryatinsky, leading to his execution where he told his brother to "shut up, dog!"

Rabulist Riots (1838)

- Stockholm riots following imprisonment of journalist M.J. Crusenstolpe by Charles XIV

Sack of Krakow (1241)

- Subotai sacked Polish city - trumpeter was shot here on Mariacki Hill

Operation Lotus (1975)

- Suharto, supported by Jose Osorio Soares of UDT, invaded East Timor; also called Serajo

Lex Gabinia (67 BC)

- Sulla and Aulus Gabinius allowed Pompey the Great to combat piracy 50 miles off the coast

PGA Tour Inc. v. Martin (2000)

- Supreme Court ruled that there had to be public accommodations for disabled at golf courses

Georg, Truchsess von Waldburg

- Swabian League commander in German Peasants' War; known as "Bauernjorg"

Convention of Moss (1814)

- Sweden and Norway joined under Charles XIII

Treaty of Abo (1743)

- Sweden ceded Karelia to Russia and Tsar Elizabeth after Hats' War

Folke Bernadotte

- Swedish diplomat who negotiated release of prisoners from Theresienstadt and was approached by Himmler for surrender - killed by Lehi and Stern Gang in Israel along with Andre-Pierre Serot

Toggenburg War (1712)

- Swiss civil war that resulted in Protestant victory over Catholic Abbey of St. Gall

Anton Saadeh

- Syrian nationalist handed over to Lebanon by Syrian leader Husni al-Za'im - killed in 1949

Yakub Beg

- Tajik ruler who seized Kashga during Dungan Revolt against Tongzhi Emperor of Qing Dynasty

Battle of Te Ahuahu (1845)

- Tamati Waka Nene destroyed Hone Heke, leading him to come back at Ruapekapeka

Timothy Sullivan

- Tammany Hall leader who names a 1913 gun control act in NYC

Incident at Petrich (1925)

- Theodoros Pangalos and Boris III avoided war after Greek dog ran over the border

First Council of Ephesus (431)

- Theodosius II called this council, which condemned Nestorianism - followed by similar second council here denounced by Pope Leo I as a "robber synod"

The Life and Morals of Jesus of Nazareth

- Thomas Jefferson's bible that excludes mentions of miracles or supernatural occurences

Popish Plot (1678-81)

- Titus Oates alleged that people chewed silver bullets to make them more dangerous for potential assassination of Charles II - involved burning of papal effigies, which were filled with to mimic the pope's screams in hell

Jovita Carranza

- Treasurer of the US - her signature is on every bill in the US

Sheepeater Indian War (1879)

- Tukudeka Shoshone defeated in last Indian war of Pacific Northwest - began when Shoshone were accused of killing five Chinese miners at Loon Creek

Baling Talks (1956)

- Tunku Abdul Rahman held these to end Malayan Emergency

Turan Gunes

- Turkish foreign minister that began Second Turkish invasion of Cyprus with code words "When Ayse should go on vacation"

Great Fire of Smyrna (1922)

- Turks burned city, according to George Horton and Minnie Mills - relief helped by hunchback Methodist pastor Asa Jennings - Grescovich Report said Greeks started this - preceded by Turks' murder of Bishop Chrysostomos - Aristotle Onassis escaped this event

Tokaj

- UNESCO world heritage site in Hungary that produces Hungarian wine

Edwin Sims

- US District Attorney of Chicago - supported Mann Act, which was also supported by McClure's George Kibbe Turner

Daniel Patrick Moynihan

- US ambassador to UN under Ford - said that UNGA 3329 was a "great evil loosed upon the world" along with Chaim Herzog

James Hall III

- US army officer who sold secrets of Project Trojan to Stasi and Soviets

Leamon Hunt

- US diplomat killed by Red Brigades in 1984 - death led to demands by Lebanese militia for US to leave Lebanon

Navassa Island

- US island claimed by Haiti - claimed by US under Buchanan's Guano Islands Act

Harry Dexter White

- US representative at Bretton Woods and underling of Treasury Secretary Henry Morgenthau Jr. - posthumously exposed as Communist spy in Venona Project

Stepan Bandera

- Ukrainian nationalist posthumously called Hero of Ukraine by Yushchenko who led pogroms

San Pedro Maritime Strike (1923)

- Upton Sinclair was arrested during this by officer who said "we'll have none of that Constitution stuff" while Sinclair was reading Bill of Rights

Treaty of Yazhelbitsy (1456)

- Vasili II, Grand Prince of Moscow, signed treaty with Archbishop Evfimy II of Novgorod - violated by Ivan III at Shelon

Battle of Suzdal (or Kamenka River) (1445)

- Vasily II of Moscow was taken prisoner by Maxmud of Kazan Khanate

Theriso Revolt (1905)

- Venizelos led revolt in Crete against union with Greece - opposed by high commissioner George I

Maurice Papon

- WWII and Algerian War criminal who sent Bordeaux Jews to Drancy; resigned after disappearance of Ben Barka

Battle of Eniwetok (1944)

- WWII battle on Marshall Islands - preceded by Operation Hailstone on Federated States of Micronesia - site of "thousand-yard stare" of soldier

Debrecen

- WWII capital of Hungary - site of end of Habsburgs in Reformed Great Church - known as "Calvinist Rome"

Nahas Pasha

- Wafd leader who initially opposed Farouk - made Egyptian PM after Abdeen Palace Incident

Capture of Cadiz (1596)

- Walter Raleigh captured port from Duke of Medina-Sidonia and sustained serious leg wound here

Main Plot (1603)

- Walter Raleigh executed for meeting with Lord Cobham, who through this, attempted to put Arabella Stuart on the throne

Operation Typhoon (1941-42)

- Wehrmacht offensive against Zhukov-defended Moscow

Gustav Noske

- Weimar defense minister who ordered the Freikorps disbanded, leading to Kapp Putsch - when asked if the army should fire, he said "Reichswehr does not fire on Reichswehr"

Aneurin Bevan

- Welsh Labor leader who led effort for NHS - led "Bevanites" and resigned under Attlee after welfare funds were used for rearmament

Daily Telegraph Affair (1908)

- Wilhelm II got roasted for saying "you English are mad, mad, mad as March hares"

Battle of the Severn (1655)

- William Fuller and Roger Heamans defeated Catholic MD governor William Stone - occurred after Plundering Time

Treaty of Benevento (1156)

- William I the Bad of Sicily and Pope Adrian IV made peace

Battle of the Boyne (1690)

- William III and Duke of Schomberg, who died, defeated James II, Earl of Tyrconnell, and Duc de Lauzun - losers' retreat almost cut off at Naul - Roughgrange's swampy ravine proved difficult for both sides despite info of Patrick Sarsfield - celebrated on "the Twelfth" by Orange Order

Declaration of Finglas (1690)

- William III pardoned Jacobite soldiers after Boyne, but not the leaders of the rebellion

The Obedience of a Christian Man (1528)

- William Tyndale wrote book and published it in Antwerp - defended divine right of kings under Henry VIII

Gaylord Nelson

- Wisconsin Senator who established Earth Day - had namesake "Pill Hearings" in 1969 over contraceptives

Battle of the Altai Mountains (89 AD)

- Xiongnu lost to Dou Xian of Han under unnamed "Chanyu"

Hanish Islands Dispute (1995)

- Yemen and Eritrea fought over islands in Red Sea - Yemen won out mostly

Battle of Maysalun (1920)

- Yusuf al-Azma under King Faisal of Iraq lost to Mariano Goybet in Franco-Syrian War

Hugh Glass

- abandoned during Arikara War by John S. Fitzgerald and Jim Bridger 300 miles from Fort Kiowa, South Dakota

Ambrogio Spinola

- accepted Surrender of Breda by Justin of Nassau - opposed by Count-Duke of Olivares under Philip IV

Poynings' Law (1494)

- act of Parliament that prohibited Parliament from meeting without approval of Irish Lord Deputy

Exclusion Crisis (1679-81)

- acts that sought to discredit legitimate heir of Charles II, James Duke of York

Rosser Reeves

- advertising executive that helped Eisenhower win 1952 election - inspiration for Don Draper from Mad Men

Roger L'Estrange

- advisor to Charles II who was skeptic of Popish Plot and failed to control press after lapsing of Licensing of Press Act

Albert de Gondi

- advisor to Charles IX and Catherine de Medici who helped plan St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre

Guillaume de Nogaret

- advisor to King Philip IV the Fair - accompanied Sciarra Colonna to deliver Anagni slap to Boniface VIII

Giulio Alberoni

- advisor to Philip V of Spain - literally kissed the ass of Duc de Vendome - planned Cellamare Conspiracy

Robert Ingersoll

- agnostic who defended Star Route frauders and coined "plumed knight" - friends with Walt Whitman

Mukje Conference (1943)

- agreement between Balli Kombetar and Albanian Communists on how to rule Albania post-WW2

Gentiloni Pact (1913)

- agreement between Giolitti and Catholic Party leader to swing votes to Giolitti in 1913 election

Contract Sejm (1989)

- agreement between Solidarity and government following Round Table Talks that legalized Solidarity

Marrakesh Agreement (1994)

- agreement that established WTO, which developed from GATT

1908 Messina Earthquake

- aid provided by Great White Fleet - survivors on ship Florida crashed into luxury ship Republic - happened during Giolitti's ministry

Agrippa Hull

- aide to Tadeusz Kosciuszko - black person assigned to him during his composition of a polonaise for harpsichord

Getting Word Project

- aims to recover histories of slaves of Thomas Jefferson at Monticello

De Havilland Aircraft Company

- aircraft company of Britain that produced Moth, Mosquito, and Comet models

Oskar Dirlewanger

- alcoholic junkie Nazi sadist who massacred thousands in barn fires in Belarus and Poland

Jude Finisterra

- alias of Andy Bichlbaum, leader of pranksters Yes Men, who said that Dow would take full responsibility for Bhopal by liquidating Union Carbide - was spied on by Stratfor

Massacre of Glencoe (1692)

- all men under 70 ordered killed by Dalrymple, Lord Stair - inquiry called it "slaughter under trust"

Grace Coolidge

- alleged to have affair with Secret Service agent James Haley - son died of blister while playing tennis

Battle of Glen Shiel (1719)

- alliance of Jacobites including Rob Roy los tto Joseph Wightman

Agricultural Wheel

- alliance of farmers founded in 1882 by W.W. Tedford in Arkansas

Kodama Yoshio

- almost killed by porn actor Mitsuyasu Maeno flying a plane into his house - involved in the Lockheed Scandal

William I the Bad of Sicily

- almost overthrown by Matthew Bonnellus for son Roger IV of Apulia - unfairly profiled by Hugo Falcandus

Greco-Turkish War of 1897

- also called Thirty Days' War - Baron van der Goltz led Turks to victory over Constantine - may have included first airplane shot down

Amilcar Cabral

- also known as Abel Djassi - led resistance to Portugal in Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde - killed by Inonencio Kani in Conakry as head of PAIGC

Battle of the Nile (1798)

- also known as Battle of Aboukir Bay - Francois-Paul Brueys lost ships Orient and Goliath after paint and oil caught fire

Tarrafal

- also known as Camp of the Slow Death - used by Salazar as political prison in Cape Verde - used "frigideira" torture method

Yaqui Uprising (1896)

- also known as Nogales Uprising - Sonora (Mexico) and Arizona conflict instigated by Lauro Aguirre against Porfirio Diaz

Royal Baccarat Scandal (1891)

- also known as Tranby Croft affair - Gordon-Cumming resigned after accused of cheating in game with future Edward VII

Liberty Bell Classic (1980)

- alternative Olympics in 1980 held in Philly at Franklin Field

Yu-Shin Constitution (1972)

- amended Korean constitution to allow Park Chung-Hee to rule for life

April Novelization (1989)

- amendments to Polish constitution following Round Table Talks

Luigi Lucheni

- anarchist who killed Elizabeth of Austria while Irma Sztaray watched - originally had wanted to kill Philippe, Duke of Orleans

Pierre Barriere

- another attempted assassin of Henry IV - confessed to Dominican priest and was broken on the wheel

Mansfield Plantation

- antebellum rice plantation in South Carolina in Georgetown County

Young Reformation Movement

- anti-Nazi organization that opposed Reichbishop under Martin Niemoller and Dietrich Bonhoeffer

March 1968 (Poland)

- anti-Semitic campaign under Wladyslaw Gomulka following Six-Day War

Siad Barre

- anti-tribal policies led to outlawing of phrase "what's your clan" and changed "Whom do you know" to "What do you know" - overthrown by Aidid and promoted Isaaq genocide with son-in-law's "Morgan Report", also called "Letter of Death"

Bob Dole

- appeared on Senate floor in 2012 to lobby for international expansion of ADA

Reza Shah

- appointed Seyyed Tabatabaee as PM and took title of Sardar Sepah

James Comey

- appointed to investigate Pardongate with Mary Jo White

Makarios III

- archbishop and Greek "father of Cyprus" - wrote angry letters to Phaedon Gizikis

Henry Weismann

- argued for Lochner by saying that bakeries were "well-ventilated" and "sweet-smelling"

Herbert Wechsler

- argued for Times in 1964 case v. Sullivan along with Louis Loeb

Robert Fitzroy

- argued with Darwin over slavery in Bahia, Brazil - called "Hot Coffee" in Darwin's diary - set up mission post called Buttons Land and later committed suicide

Alessandro Cagliostro

- arrested in Affair of the Diamond Necklace along with Nicole Leguay d'Olivia

Three Times Yes Referendum (1946)

- asked Polish citizens about support for people like Wladyslaw Gomulka

Alexandros Schinas

- assassinated George I of Greece near Thessaloniki's White Tower - fell out of a window during police interrogation, similar to Giuseppe Pinelli

Henry, Duke of Guise

- assassinated by Henry III and "Forty-Five" after sleeping with Charlotte Sauve, member of Catherine de Medici's "Flying Squadron"

Leo V the Armenian

- assassinated by Michael the Amorian, who was crowned with chains around his legs

Ibrahim Bare Mainassara

- assassinated in 1999 while president of Niger - succeeded by Daouda Malam Wanke

Frank Kameny

- astronomer fired from Harvard during Lavender Scare - lost in congressional race in DC to Walter Fauntroy

Preparedness Day Bombing (1916)

- attack killing 10 and wounding 40 led to arrest of Thomas Mooney and Warren Billingss

Maarten Tromp

- attacked as a child by Peter Easton - sailed the Aemilia; supposedly "swept" English navy w/ broom tied to his mast

Ira Allen

- attempted to arm French in Quebec in "Olive Branch Affair" and proposed United Columbia

Henri de Rohan

- attempted to break Siege of La Rochelle by attacking army of Charles d'Angouleme, Toiras, and Bassompierre with aid of Benjamin, Duke of Soubise

Bastard of Roussillon

- attempted to defend Elme against French in War of Sicilian Vespers - son of Nuño Sanchez

Rolf Clemens Wagner

- attempted to kill then-Nazi commander Alexander Haig

Giulio Cybo

- attempted to revolt against Andrea Doria with aid of Strozzis, Fieschis, and Paul III

Nathaniel Weare

- attempted to stop NH Gove's Rebellion, which was aided by a trumpeter at Hampton

Federico Krutwig

- author of Vasconia, which was the defining text of Basque separatism and ETA

Stokely Carmichael

- authored Black Power: The Politics of Liberation with Charles V. Hamilton

Willie Sutton

- bank robber who escaped from ESP in Philadelphia - originator of namesake rule for medical students

Chapman Amendment

- banned people with AIDS from handling food - additional provision to ADA

Radikalenerlass (1972)

- banned radicals from serving in government positions in West Germany - form of Berufsverbot

John Robinson

- beat James Otis over the head with a cudgel at a coffee house

Baldassare Castiglione

- began career in Gonzaga court in Mantua - wrote letters from Burgos criticizing Alonso de Valdes and Pope Clement VII

Bava-Beccaris Massacre (1898)

- began due to rising wheat prices from Spanish-American War - Umberto I awarded namesake general after he killed over 300 people in this

Centralia Mine Fire (1962)

- began on May 7, 1962 - theory for this based on Bast Collier Fire - profiled by David Dekok - Mooch Kashner attempted to end this disaster

George Barclay

- began plot to kill William III that was earlier preceded by Fenwick Plot in 1695 (Jacobite)

Tragic Week (1909)

- began when Catalonian cazadores threw sacred hearts into sea - saw unions like Solidaridad Obrera revolt in Barcelona

Third Anglo-Dutch War (1672-74)

- began with Merlin Incident, included battles of Solebay and Texel - ended with Treaty of Westminster

William Tagen

- believed that CBS was beaming signals in his head - assaulted Dan Rather in 1986 and said "What's the frequency, Kenneth?"

Thomas Knight

- belligerent Attorney General of Alabama during Scottsboro Boys trial, in which only juror that dissented was Irwin "Red" Craig

Teuta of Illyria

- betrayed by general Demetrius and killed herself after entire Roman fleet arrived in 227 BC

Cassion Spiss

- bishop killed by forces of Kinjikitile Ngwale during Maji Maji Revolt

Henry Compton

- bishop of London who helped William III of Orange come to English throne as one of Immortal Seven - carried out namesake Census

Lucy Walter

- black box containing her secret marriage vows with Charles II was alleged to exist - mother of Duke of Monmouth

Doris Miller

- black hero at Pearl Harbor that saved skipper Marvyn Bennison after orders from Claude V. Ricketts

Unit 684

- black ops team almost sent to kill Kim Il-Sung - mutinied on Silmido Island after mission was cancelled

A.C. Jackson

- black physician in Tulsa on "Black Wall Street" during riots - next door to Mabel Little's beauty salon

Kelayres Massacre (1934)

- boss James Bruno sent shooters to a Democratic parade; imprisoned in Philadelphia's ESP

Harry Parkes

- brutally executed by Xianfeng Emperor in Second Opium War - his expedition was preceded by Three Battles at Taku Forts

Pappenheimer family

- brutally executed on accusations of witchcraft and ten-year old son watched brutal torture

El Badi Palace

- built in Marrakesh by Ahmad al-Mansur of Saadi Dynasty after Battle of Alcacer Quibir

Romano Prodi

- called "Il Profesore"; Italian PM from 1996-98 and 2006-08 - led séance with a ouija board to locate Moro during his capture

Battle of Sedgemoor (1685)

- called "last battle on English soil" - Duke of Monmouth and Lord Greg of Warke defeated by Louis de Duras and Duke of Marlborough

Wilhelm Cuno

- called for passive resistance to French occupation of Ruhr Valley during time as Weimar Chancellor

Larry Pratt

- campaign manager to Pat Buchanan in 1996 who resigned after meeting with Richard Butler of Aryan Nations

Port Blair

- capital of Andaman and Nicobar Islands in Bay of Bengal - near Thoothukudin in Tamil Nadu

Stanislas-Marie Maillard

- captain of Bastille volunteers - released Marquis de Sombreuil after his daughter drank blood in order to save him

Frederick Funston

- captured Aguinaldo while posing as prisoner of Macabebe scouts - mocked George F. Hoar's "overheated conscience"

Philip Schuyler

- captured Ethan Allen after attempted assault on Montreal

Carlo Alberto Dalla Chiesa

- captured Red Brigade "Friar Machine Gun" - killed by mafia; said "Italy won't survive the introduction of torture"

John Andre

- captured by John Paulding, Isaac Van Wart, and David Williams after talking about "the lower party" - organized Mischianza with John Montresor - execution witnessed by James Thacher

James L. Dozier

- captured by Red Brigades and held for 42 days - made to stare at a light bulb in torture - rescued by NOCS in Padua

Duke of Monmouth

- captured with peas in his pocket b/c he was hungry - supported by Robert Ferguson "the Plotter" and goldsmith Thomas Hayward Dare - wife pawned jewelry to buy ship Helderenberg - landed at Lyme Regis and supported by Daniel Defoe

Hawaii Housing Authority vs. Midkiff (1984)

- case in Hawaii that said land distribution through eminent domain was okay

Nueva Planta Decrees (1707-16)

- centralizing reform of Spanish law under Bourbon Philip V

Monteregian Hills

- chain of hills in Quebec between Laurentian and Appalachian Mountains

Enrico Mattei

- challenged "seven sisters" oil giants with his ENI - became "state within the state" - analogized Italy to the "little cat who tries to lick up a little oil from the bowl when the big dogs aren't looking"

James Houston

- changed vote of Irwin Craig to secure guilty verdict for Scottsboro Boys

John Diefenbaker

- chatted with Wilfrid Laurier while just a paperboy and said "I can't waste any more time on you"

Sir Richard Grenville

- chewed on wine glasses while raiding Azores Island and left 15 men to defend Roanoke - his ship Revenge at Battle of Flores is commemorated in Tennyson poem

Jose Yves Limantour

- cientifico of Diaz that helped Madero come to power

Mast Tree Riot (1734)

- citizens of Fremont, New Hampshire prevented David Dunbar from inspecting fallen lumber

Songea

- city in Tanzania home to Maji Maji Revolt, which involved worshipping of Chimulungu and warriors with millet stalk headbands

Bruneian Civil War (1660-73)

- civil war began with cockfight between Abdul Hakkul Mubin and Muhyiddin

Gustave Whitehead

- claimed to build first flying machine in Bridgeport, CT called "No. 21"

Tariq Aziz

- close advisor to Saddam Hussein and almost killed by Islamic Dawa Party before Iran-Iraq War

Israel Tonge

- co-conspirator with Titus Oates in Popish Plot - misfortunes involved being named London rector days before Great Fire of London

Wallace Fard Muhammad

- co-founder of Nation of Islam - investigated by FBI and called "Turkish Nazi agent"

Pat Buchanan

- coined term "silent majority" for Nixon and was second with Ezola Foster on "butterfly ballot" of Palm Beach County in 2000 election

Adam Czerniakow

- collaborated with Nazis in Warsaw Ghetto Uprising - later committed suicide

Butskellism

- collaboration between Hugh Gaitskell of Labour and Rab Butler of Conservatives during 1950s

Charles Baudin

- commanded French troops in Pastry War at Battle of Veracruz and San Juan de Ulua after Monsieur Remontel demanded reparations

William Bainbridge

- commanded USS Constitution during War of 1812 and ran USS Philadelphia aground during First Barbary War

Oryol (ship)

- commanded by David Butler under Tsar Alexis I - captured and destroyed by Stepan Razin

Bernard-Rene de Launay

- commander of Bastille killed after kicking cook named Desnot in the groin - said "Enough! Let me die!"

Anthony Macauliffe

- commander of Bastogne at Battle of the Bulge that replied to Germans with "Nuts!"

Robert Duncanson

- commander who led Glencoe Massacre with Robert Campbell of Glenlyon

Francis Nicholson

- comment about rather seeing the "towne burn down" than be run by a local soldier sparked rumors which led to Leisler's Rebellion

Henrietta Maria

- commissioned Inigo Jones to create Queen's House at Greenwich

Broad Seal War (1838)

- commissions executed and signed by William Pennington gave Whigs victory in New Jersey dispue

Lawrence Keymis

- companion of Sir Walter Raleigh during expeditions with him and his son to find El Dorado in Guiana

Rayko Daskalov

- companion of Stamboliyski who led Vladaya Uprising - killed by IMRO in Prague

Friedrick Reck-Malleczewen

- compared John of Leiden to Hitler in "Bockelson" - killed at Dachau

Igor Markevitch

- composer who may have sheltered killers of Moro in his Florence villa

George Jeffreys

- condemned many in Popish Plot and later condemned Titus Oates - sentenced many in Bloody Assizes

Hans-Joachim Rotsch

- conduced boys' choir in Leipzig - forced out b/c he was exposed as a Stasi informer, or "spitzel"

William Knowland

- considered for 1952 VP of Eisenhower after Nixon's "Checkers" speech - US senator from California with Nixon

German Plot (1918)

- conspiracy alleged by British to be between Sinn Fein and Kaiser to overthrow British - sparked by Joseph Dowling arrest

Arthur D. Little

- consulting firm that concluded negligence was impossible and that sabotage was only possibility in aftermath of Bhopal disaster

Maximinus II

- continued Diocletian's persecutions after oracle of Apollo described "just men"that hindered Apollo's sight

Christopher Butler

- convert to Catholicism and bishop of Westminster who proposed Dei Verbum at Vatican II

Vicente de Valverde

- converted Atahualpa to Christianity for lesser punishment at execution - first resident bishop in South America

St. Columba

- converted Picts and Irish from base at Iona and converted King Bridei after opening gates of Inverness

John Bitty

- convicted under Mann Act and involved in Supreme Court case that said "words must exist for some practical purpose"

Schenectady Massacre (1690)

- convinced Albany Convention to submit to Leisler after 60 settlers were killed by French and Mohawks

Killing Time (1680-88)

- covenanters under James Renwick and Richard Cameron fought Privy Council of Scotland

Alfred Rosenberg

- created "Positive Christianity" in Nazi Germany, which tried to produce "People's Testament" and "Fifth Gospel"

Samuel Pierpont Morgan

- created Great Aerodrome (prototype of airplane) - used Charles H. Manly as test pilot, who fell into Potomac River

Clement Metezeau

- created sea wall around La Rochelle after Pompeo Targone failed

Chemie Grumenthal

- created thalidomide, which was vigorously opposed by Frances Kelsey

Trop v. Dulles (1958)

- criminal activity can't revoke citizenship in 8th Amendment case - Frankfurter dissented

William Bedloe

- criminal and informer in Popish Plot along with Titus Oates

Charles "Chinese" Gordon

- criticized massacre of Taiping rebels at Suzhou - armed himself only with rattan cane - commanded Hyson and broke wooden stakes in the sea

Flight over Vienna (1918)

- d'Annunzio led La Serenissima squadron to drop propaganda leaflets saying "Destiny Turns"

Impresa di Fiume (1919)

- d'Annunzio led veterans of Isonzo and took the city in Croatia - called "advance-guard deserters" by F.T. Marinetti

Canuck Letter (1972)

- dashed Muskie's 1972 election hopes - speech after this featured his tears, which he said were "melted snowflakes"

Glasser v. US (1942)

- dealt with Assistance of Counsel and Impartial Jury clauses of 6th Amendment - Frankfurter dissented, along with Stone

Philip I, Count of Flanders

- death led Philip II to leave 3rd Crusade with Peter II of Courtenay, a future Latin emperor

Richmond Turner

- decided not to send Husband Kimmel information on Pearl Harbor - lost to Gunichi Mikawa at Savo Island in Guadalcanal

Heart of Atlanta Motel v. US (1964)

- decided with Katzenbach v. McClung - Tom Clark wrote a majority saying that establishment was subject to interstate commerce

Battle of Sentinum (295 BC)

- decisive battle of Third Samnite War - Egnatius killed, leading to Samnite surrender at Aquilonia

Battle of Aughrim (1691)

- decisive battle of Williamite War in Ireland - victory for Godert de Ginkell

Henry Dunant

- declared "All are Brothers" after A Memory of Solferino; last words were "Where has Humanity gone" - befriended Maria Feodorovna and Bertha von Suttner; founded Thursday Association - received Nobel Peace Prize with Friedric Passy

UN General Assembly Resolution 3329

- declared "Zionism is racism" after Arafat's "Olive Branch" speech - repealed by UNGA 4686

Simeon I the Great

- defeated Leo Phocas at Achelous - died when Romanos I Lekapenos beheaded a statue of him - died after losing to Croat King Tomislav

Ghazi Malik

- defeated Mongols at Battle of Amroha as Tughluq Delhi Sultan - died after falling from wooden platform, according to Ibn Battuta

Violeta Chamorro

- defeated Ortega in 1990 Nicaraguan elections as head of La Prensa newspaper

George Deukmejian

- defeated Tom Bradley in CA governor race - served from 1983-91 and kicked out Rose Bird, judge appointed by Jerry Brown

Drest X

- defeated by Kenneth I in 848, leading to his ascension and founding of Kingdom of Alba and capital at Scone

K.P. Candeth

- defeated forces of Portugal's M.A. Vassalo de Silva in Operation Vijay with help of Sagat Singh

Beauharnais v. Illinois (1952)

- defendant wanted to "stop encroachment of Negro" in Chicago - Frankfurter wrote majority opinion attacking hate speech

Henry Gladwin

- defended Fort Detroit in Pontiac's Rebellion and unsuccessfully reinforced by Abraham Cuyler at Point Pelee

Ines de Suarez

- defended Santiago from Mapuche in 1541 - mistress of Pedro de Valdivia, who served at Battle of Las Salinas

Gabriele D'Annunzio

- defenestrated during March on Rome; used castor oil and Achilles' cries of "Eia, eia, eia! Alala!" from Iliad

Louis-Mathieu Mole

- demanded large sum of money during Pastry War as French PM

Lord Moyne, Walter Guinness

- denied "blood for trucks" offer of Eichmann - killed by Lehi (Stern Gang) in Cairo

David Joris

- denounced Munster as Anabaptist leader, but didn't follow Menno Simons in making new sect

Lansana Conte

- denounced failed attack on his motorcade, saying God didn't want him to die yet - successor to Ahmad Sekou Toure

Mihnea II Turcitul

- deposed Petru II Cercel - converted to Islam, leading to nickname "turned-turk" - opposed by usurper and Lombard physician Rosso

Otto IV, HRE

- deposed by Frederick II Hohenstaufen after losing at Bouvines; only German king of Welf Dynasty

Patrick Breen

- described fate of Donner-Reed party following Fort Bridger in his diary

Richard Morris Hunt

- designed Biltmore Estate in Asheville, NC and Newport summer cottages for Vanderbilts

Frederick Law Olmsted

- designed Stanford and chair of 1st Yosemite Commission - worked with Calvert Vaux on Central Park

Black Rubric

- details why Protestants kneel during Communion and is found at the back of Book of Common Prayer

Frank Geyer

- detective who found Pitezel children, exposing H.H. Holmes

Svatopluk I of Moravia

- dethroned Rastislav and ruled Great Moravian Empire - sometimes portrayed as Slovak national hero

Joseph Bazalgette

- developed London sewer system, after Great Stink, preventing large cholera epidemics

Alexaner Turney Stewart

- developed department store in NYC, similar to John Wanamaker in Philadelphia and Joseph Horne in Pittsburgh

Prodesis

- development project by both EU and Zapatistas in Chiapas

Gnassingbe Eyadema

- dictator of Togo from 1967-2005 - survived 1974 plane crash due to super human abilities - made wristwatches with flashing portraits of him, comic books about himself, and made date of failed coup a holiday called "Feast of Victory Over Forces of Evil"

Carl von Donop

- didn't help Johann Rall at Trenton and instead spent Christmas with "beautiful young widow" Betsy Ross

Ulrich von Jungingen

- died at Grunwald while leading Teutonic Knights, which were founded in 1191 at Siege of Acre

Archibald Rowe

- died commanding Royal Scots Fusiliers at Blenheim on Nebel River

Jose Sanjurjo

- died due to plane crash after saying he needed to wear proper clothes as the "caudillo of Spain"

Oruc Reis

- died fighting Charles V after capturing Tlemcen - former Algiers sultain woh lost an arm

Max Erwin von Scheubner-Richter

- died in Beer Hall Putsch trying to overthrow Kahr, Seisser, and Lossow in Munich - was called "irreplaceable" in Mein Kampf

Germanicus

- died in Egypt under Tiberius, who may have ordered Piso to kill this person with black magic

Potti Sreeramulu

- died in hunger strike agitating for Andhra Pradesh's creation as a state

William Baffin

- died in raid under Shah Abbas I at Fort Queizome while serving in BEIC

John Reith

- directed "Regional Scheme" while leading BBC after 1923 Sykes Committee

Frank Bowe

- disabilities rights activist who is known as "Father of Section 504"

Christian X

- disabled after falling off of his horse, Jubilee - dismissed Carl Zahle after Schleswig Question, causing Easter Crisis of 1920

National Schism (1910-22)

- disagreement between Venizelos and Constantine - Venizelos wanted to join Entente in WWI, saying "One cannot kick against geography" in reference to naval blockade - ended in Noemvriana armed confrontation in Athens - led to WWI battle of Skra-di-Legen

Perry Anderson

- discussed Ernst Haas' analysis of ECSC in book The New Old World

Jack Lang

- dismissed by New South Wales governor Philip Game in 1932 constitutional crisis

Charles Elliot

- dismissed from Nemesis ship during First Opium War by Lord Palmerston - later consul general to Republic of Texas

Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.

- dissent in Lochner mentioned "prohibition of lotteries" and that the "Fourteenth Amendment does not enact Mr. Herbert Spencer's Social Statics"

Fred Vinson

- dissented against Truman in Youngstown Sheet and Tube Co. v. Sawyer - oversaw Sweatt v. Painter and McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents

Million Man March (1995)

- divided into Early Morning Glory, Sankofa, Affirmation/Responsibility, Atonement and Reconciliation

Matthew Carey

- documented 1793 yellow fever epidemic and blamed blacks for it - recalled help of Joseph Innskeep and Dr. Adam Kuhn

Sebastian Lotzer

- drew up Twelve Articles and Memmingen Articles while serving in Baltringer Haufen in Peasants' War

Giulio Gavotti

- dropped first bomb out of airplane and first night mission in history during Italo-Turkish War - similar to Carlo Piazza, who flew first aerial recon mission

Margaret Court

- easily beat by Bobby Riggs in "Mother's Day Massacre"

Raymond Barre

- economist who succeeded Chirac as PM under Giscard D'Estaing - created strict economic policy, his namesake "plan"

Alice Lyle

- elderly woman executed after Monmouth Rebellion in Bloody Assizes of George Jeffreys

John M. Thurston

- elected to Nebraska senate seat despite William Jennings Bryan winning most of popular vote

Mandinka/Wassoulou Empire

- empire founded by Sekou Toure's grandfather, Samori Toure, in Guinea after fall of Mali's Toucouleur Empire

Armistice of Villafranca (1859)

- ended 2nd Italian War of Independence after Solferino

Treaty of Limerick (1691)

- ended Jacobite fight with William in Williamite War of Ireland

West Coast Hotel v. Parrish (1937)

- ended Lochner era after similar Washington case Adkins v. Children's Hospital - Charles Evans Hughes wrote majority

Treaty of Rastatt (1714)

- ended War of Spanish Succession between France and Austria; similar to Treaty of Baden between France and HRE

Treaty of San Francisco (1952)

- ended allied occupation of Japan and began namesake system of US-Japan relations

Empress Irene of Athens

- ended iconoclasm with 787 Council of Nicaea - succeeded by finance minister Nikephoros I

Pompeo Colonna

- enemy of Clement VII who led peasant forces in Sack of Rome; felt sorry and sheltered 500 nuns

Satinath Sarangi

- engineer and activist who founded Sambhavna Trust after Bhopal

Holcroft Blood

- engineer and artillery commander under Duke of Marlborough at Blenheim and Ramilies - son of man who tried to steal crown jewels from Tower of London

Aldo Moro

- engineered "historic compromise" alliance with PCI and Berlinguer - faced Vajont Dam Disaster - signed Osimo Treaty with Tito - nicknamed "Antelope Cobbler" in Lockheed scandal papers

Robert Moses

- engineered infrastructure of NYC as Parks Commissioner under La Guardia and Governor Herbert Lehman

Frank Hamilton Cushing

- entered observational study of Zuni, whose houses ended up being Cibola

Theodor von Hassel

- enthusiastic elephant hunter and defeated rebels in Maji Maji Revolt with machine guns, showing that the "maji" was a lie

Pocatello

- escaped Bear River Massacre and hoped that converting to Mormonism would provide safety - forced onto Fort Hall Reservation

Shivaji

- escaped from Aurangzeb in Agra in wooden baskets - agreed to Treaty of Purandar - defeated Afzal Khan and attacked Surat

Andreas Baader

- escaped prison with help of Gundrun Ensslin, killing a librarian in the process of a fake book deal - killed himself on "death night" at Stammheim Prison

Janos Thurzo

- established Common Hungarian Trade with Jakob Fugger, who loaned lots of money to Albrecht von Brandenburg

Jules Ferry Laws (1881)

- established secularism in schools in French Third Republic; known as laicite

Mirra Afassa

- established utopian community in Pondicherry

Cabinda

- exclave of Angola that fights for independence under FLEC - given to Portugal in 1885 Treaty of Simulambuco

Stepan Razin

- executed at Bolotnaya Square in Moscow - subject of symphonic poem by Alexander Glazunov

Dietrich Bonhoeffer

- executed at Flossenburg - wrote The Cost of Discipleship about Sermon on the Mount in 1937

Four Crowned Martyrs

- executed by Diocletian, leading to porphyry not being able to be worked with by Romans

Mstislav III of Kiev

- executed by suffocation after being placed under wooden platform on which Mongols feasted and danced after Battle of Kalka River

Tito Livio Burattini

- explored pyramid of Giza with John Greaves - invited to court of Wladyslaw IV to demonstrate aircraft that flew a cat

Alvaro de Mendana

- explorer who discovered Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, and Guadalcanal

John Edvard Lundstrom

- exported safe, red phosphorus matches to Bryant and May after matchgirls strike

Samuel Leibowitz

- exposed Victoria Price for lying as defence of Scottsboro Boys - built model train to recreate rope

Augustin Bea

- extended olive branch to Jews like Abraham Joshua Heschel with Nostra aetate at Vatican II

Charles the Bald

- faced rebellion by son named Carloman - succeeded father Louis the Pious

Hot Autumn (1969)

- factory strikes in Northern Italy began Years of Lead, in which Milanese policeman Antonio Annarumma died

Banco Ambrosiano Scandal (1983)

- failed Italian bank with ties to Vatican, Solidarity, Contras, and funded France in Falklands - led by Roberto Calvi

Golpe Borghese (1970)

- failed Italian coup attempt against Giuseppe Saragat - called Operation Tora Tora and led by WWII navy commander called "Black Prince"

Mission Moratorium

- failed Propositions I and F intended to block housing changes for low income people in San Francisco

Battle of Mayi (133 BC)

- failed ambush by Han Wudi against Xiongnu under Shanyu

Jean-Jacques Susini

- failed an assassination attempt on Charles de Gaulle at Mont Faron in Toulon - former OAS member

Grenelle Agreements (1968)

- failed attempt to placate strikers during May 1968 by Georges Pompidou

Baling Talks (1956)

- failed talks between Tunku Abdul Rahman, Chin Peng, and David Marshall to end Malayan Emergency

Francisco Madero

- failed to handle rebellions of Bernardo Reyes, Pascual Orozco, and Felix Diaz - wrote spiritual manuals under pseudonyms "Arjuna" and "Bhima" - opposed by Plan of Ayala and proposed Plan of San Luis Potosi

John Wilkins

- failed to provide reinforcements at Devil's Hole Massacre

Nizhny Novgorod Fair

- fair at Makaryev Monastery founded to compete with trade fair at Kazan

Call of Cochin (1978)

- famous speech by Paris Mayor Jacques Chirac denouncing "party of foreigners" - delivered while Chirac was in hospital for car accident

Richard Godfrey

- farmer who guided a failed attack by Duke of Monmouth at Sedgemoor

Vlad II Dracul the Dragon

- father of Vlad the Impaler and Radu the Handsome - sent troops to help John Hunyadi at Varna

Pompeius Strabo

- father to Pompey the Great - led Roman forces in Social War, which led to Lex Julia

Histiaeus

- father-in-law of Aristagoras who sent him the message to revolt tattooed on a slave's head

Mignons

- favorites of Henry III of France who fought Horatii-Curatii-style duel with representatives of Duke of Guise

Wawel Dragon

- fed a poisoned lamb by Krakus, leading to the founding of Krakow

John Keenan

- federal judge that ruled Union Carbide had to provide millions in relief after Bhopal disaster

Herod Antipas

- fell from power due to Caligula and Agrippa's plotting - exiled to Lugdunum

Black Saturday (1952)

- fire in Cairo sparked by British killing of 50 Egyptian policeman, which many felt abrogated 1936 security treaty

Earl of Winchelsea

- fired bullets into air in duel with Duke of Wellington over Catholic emancipation

James Jabara

- first American jet ace in history - died after daughter crashed car in 1966

Joseph Lyons

- first Australian PM from Tasmania - labor leader who died of a heart attack in office in 1945

Alban of Verulamium

- first British Christian martyr who performed miracles at execution - killed during Diocletian's Great Persecution, along with Procopius of Scythopolis

Harald Bluetooth

- first Christian king of Denmark; son of Gorm the Old - deposed by Sweyn Forkbeard

Fort St. George

- first English fort in India located in Madras, Tamil Nadu in 1644

Thomas Chittenden

- first Governor of Vermont Republic and of Vermont as a state - succeeded as country leader by Moses Robinson

Max Delvalle

- first Jewish president in Western Hemisphere - uncle to future Panamanian president Eric Arturo

Tomislav

- first King of Croatia - attended councils of Split along with Michael of Zahumjle - crowned by John X, who fought with Gregory of Nin in Councils of Split

Moktar Ould Daddah

- first Mauritanian president from 1960-78 - overthrown by Mustafa Ould Saleh after he couldn't control POLISARIO

Vere Bird

- first PM of Antigua and barbuda - his son was Lester Bryant Bird, who succeeded him in 1994 - supported Operation Urgent Fury

Riad al-Solf

- first PM of Lebanonn - created National Pact, resolving religious conflict - killed at Amman airport by Syrian nationalists

Kennedy Simmonds

- first PM of St. Kitts and Nevis - hailed as "father of the nation"

Jacques Chaban-Delmas

- first PM under Pompidou - replaced b/c his "New Society" program was too progressive - replaced by Pierre Messmer

Emil Seidel

- first Socialist mayor of major city - employed Carl Sandburg as private secretary and succeeded by Gerhard Bading

Walnut Street Jail

- first US penitentiary designed by Robert Smith in Philadelphia; first prison to use "separate system"

Battle of Savo Island (1943)

- first battle near Iron Bottom Sound in Guadalcanal - known as Battle of Five Sitting Ducks to veterans

James Webster Smith

- first black cadet at West Point - was brutally bullied and hazed by U.S. Grant's son, Frederick

Marcus Foster

- first black superintendent of Oakland schools - killed by SLA members Joe Remiro and Russ Little for attempting to create student ID system

Twelve Articles (1525)

- first draft of human rights after Romans in Continental Europe - abolished Todfall tax and began German Peasants' War

Thomas Buchanan

- first governor of Liberia - third largest city is named after him

Masinissa

- first king of Numidia and defected to Rome, participating at Bagbrades and Zama - married Sophonisba, who killed herself to avoid humiliation in a triumph

Jean-Francois Roberval

- first lieutenant general of New France and employed Cartier as chief navigator

Al Azhar University

- first madrasa founded in 10th century Cairo

Battle of Nocera (1132)

- first major defeat for Roger II of Sicily to Count Ranulf of Alife

Harlem Race Riot (1935)

- first modern race riot in that mostly property was destroyed - started when black Puerto Rican boy was beaten for stealing a knife

Kunstkamera

- first museum in Russia - created by Peter and included really weird stuff, like teeth and deformed babies

John Oxenham

- first non-Spaniard to cross Isthmus of Panama - received assistance from native Cimarrones in expedition

David McReynolds

- first openly gay candidate for president on Socialist ticket in 1980

Fred Karger

- first openly gay presidential candidate on major party in 2012 for Republicans

Leonard Matlovich

- first openly gay service member in Air Force

Nate Champion

- first person killed in Johnson County War - ally of William "Red" Angus and fought against Frank Wolcott in Powder River County, Wyoming

Cornelius Gallus

- first prefect of Egypt under Augustus - erected monument to himself in Philae after subduing revolt in Thebes, leading him to fall out of favor and commit suicide

Calder v. British Columbia (1973)

- first time that Canada recognized that First Nations owned property prior to colonization

Ryszard Siwiec

- first to self-immolate in protest of Czechoslovakia's invasion

Choshu Five

- five Japanese students that studied at University College London in 1863 - included Ito Hirobumi and rail baron Inoue Masaru

Robert von Greim

- flew Hitler to Berlin when Kapp Putsch was happening - succeeded Goering as Luftwaffe commander

Natalia Lopukhina

- flogged by Tsar Elizabeth and sent to Siberia - daughter of sister to Anna Mons, Peter's lover

Joseph C. McConell

- flying ace during Korean War - used his F-86 Sabre to shoot down MiG-15s - top scoring American jet ace

Edict of Amboise (1563)

- followed Edict of St. Germaine - Catherine de Medici tried to make peace after Massacre of Wassy

Lyngiades Massacre (1943)

- followed Komneno Massacre in Nazi-occupied Greece, where 317 were killed - 92 civilians killed

Battle of Cynoscephalae (197 BC)

- followed by peace of Titus Quinctius Flaminius, who defeated Philip V of Macedom - surrender by raising Macedon sarissas was ignored here

1970 Polish Strikes

- followed by similar 1971 Lodz Strikes about food prices - led to Edward Gierek replacing Gomulka

EDSA II (2001)

- following 1997 Asian financial crisis, Joseph Estrada was forced out in favor of Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo in Philippines

Charles XIII

- forced Frederick VI of Denmark to sign Treaty of Kiel and began construction of Gota Canal

Merga Bien

- forced to confess that her child was the devil's child during Fulda Witch Trials from 1603-05

Kurapaty

- forest outside Minsk where thousands were executed by NKVD

Carl A. Schenck

- forester for Vanderbilt's Biltmore Estate and founder of first practical forestry school at Biltmore

Pope Alexander III

- forgave Henry II for murder of Becket and held Third Council of the Lateran - quarreled with Antipope Victor IV and recognized Afonso I as Portuguese King

Indemnity and Oblivion Act (1660)

- forgave criminals in English Civil War and people who participated in regicide of Charles I

Symmachean Forgeries

- forged documents about Pope Sylvester I, who supposedly cured Constantine I of leprosy

Lewis Lawes

- formed prison football team at Sing Sing while warden - previously worked at Auburn Prison

Henry Waxman

- former Democratic California rep. who called for inquiry into Bhopal disaster

William O'Dwyer

- former NYC mayor who resigned as ambassador to Mexico b/c of Kefauver Committee

Peter MacDonald

- former Navajo leader imprisoned for corruption - released by Bill Clinton during Pardongate

Charles XIV John

- former Prince of Pontecorvo and implicated in Rennes plot to overthrow Napoleon - founded Bernadotte Dynasty in Sweden

Virgil H. Goode Jr.

- former Virginia representative who objected to Keith Ellison's Quran confirmation

Raymond Gorel

- former cashier of OAS - known as Cimeterre and killed by Jean-Jacques Susini

Klaus "Wowi" Wowereit

- former gay mayor of Berlin - succeeded by Michael Muller

Mustafa Badreddine

- former leader of Hezbollah named after Ali's sword - killed by bombing in Damascus in 2016

Rocky Anderson

- former mayor of Salt Lake City that was Justice Party candidate in 2012 - SUPER progressive

Harry Orchard

- former union worker whose real name was Albert Horsley - killed Idaho Governor Frank Steunenberg

Drava River

- forms much of Croatia-Hungary border - tributary of the Danube

Charles Sheldon

- formulated "What Would Jesus Do?" in Kansas sermons in Topeka, 1896 - wrote In His Steps as Congregationalist

Suomenlinna

- fortress in Helsinki located on Finnish Fennoscandia

Basus War (494-534)

- forty year war between two Arabic tribes over the death of a camel

Apache

- fought Jicarilla War, Chiricahua War, Yavapai War, Victorio's War, and Buffalo Hunter's War

Monk Eastman

- fought against Five Points Gang and Paul Kelly while leading his own gang - put "bird seller" on his taxes

Charles John Napier

- fought aided Portugal in Liberal Wars under pseudonym "Carlos de Ponza" and won 1833 Battle of Cape St. Vincent

Daniel Wells

- fought alongside Lot Smith and George Smith in Utah War on side of Mormons

Daniel O'Connell

- fought for rights of Catholics and killed John D'Esterre in duel - funded his efforts with one penny-per-month dues

Charles James Napier

- fought in Peninsular War and declared "I have sinned" after capturing Sind

Battle of Preveza (1538)

- fought near Actium; Andrea Doria and Ferrante Gonzaga got destroyed by Hayreddin Barbarossa

Kaiser Wilhelm I

- fought over military budget with Landtag - arbitrated Pig War dispute and loved Elisa Radziwill

Jugurtha

- fought succession war with brother Adherba and Hempsal in Numidia - called Rome a "city for sale" highlighting corruption

William Beresford

- fouhgt alongside Duke of Wellington in Peninsular War and helped Britain invade Rio de la Plata

Gomillion v. Lightfoot (1960)

- found that racist electoral district in Tuskegee, AL violated 15th Amendment - majority opinion written by Frankfurter

Arthur Tappan

- founded American Anti-Slavery Society with Lloyd Garrison - supported construction of Oberlin College

George Merrick

- founded Coral Gables in Florida, site of future University of Miami - supported by William Jennings Bryan

Peter Minuit

- founded Fort Christina and New Sweden in Delaware - died in hurricane on his way to St. Christopher

Samuel Warren

- founded Nutter McClennen and Fish firm with Brandeis - wrote "Right to Privacy" with Brandeis in Harvard Law Review

Jacob Best

- founded Pabst Brewery in Milwaukee, which competed with Joseph Schlitz

Katherine Vockins

- founded Rehabilitation through the Arts (RTA) at Sing Sing Prison

W. Tate Brady

- founded Tulsa and participated in Tulsa Outrage of 1917 and Tulsa Race Riot - former KKK member and found oil at Red Fork and Glenpool

Radio Caroline

- founded by Irish Rohan O'Rahilly and competed with BBC - operated from Mi Amigo ship in 1960s

Fort Lisa

- founded by Spanish fur trader who married into Omaha people - Sacagawea died here in 1812 in North Dakota

Sulu Sultanate

- founded by explorer Sharif ul-Hashim and given to Spain in Madrid Protocol of 1885

George Thiel

- founded detective agency that competed with Pinkerton and Mooney and Boland

Conrad N. Hilton

- founded hotel chains started at The Mobley in Cisco, TX - gives out largest humanitarian prize in the world in his name

Ulugh Beg

- founded madrasas in Samarkand and Bukhara - succeeded Shah Rukh and commissioned star table of Zij-i-Sultani

Joseph Sheely

- founded meatpacking plant in Omaha, leading to South Omaha being "Magic City"

Ulrike Meinhof

- founded member of RAH - may have hung herself in Stammheim Prison - said "if one car is burned, it's a crime; if a hundred cars are burned, its a political action"

Jose Antonio Primo de Rivera

- founder of Falange who wrote poetry, like "The Prophecy of Magellan" and "Toast" - called "El Ausente" or "the missing one" by Francoist Spain

Hugues de Payens

- founder of Knights Templar - established Latin Rule as their code with Bernard of Clairvaux

Raden Wijaya

- founder of Majapahit Empire and defeated Yuan invasion of Java

William D. Pelley

- founder of Nazi pro-fascist Silver Legion of America after publishing "Seven Minutes in Eternity"

Abdullah Ocalan

- founder of PKK arrested by Turkish intelligence agency (MIT) - was sole prisoner on Imreli Island

Ken Arok

- founder of Singhasari empire in Eastern Java who defeated Tunggul Ametong to marry Ken Dedes

Velupillai Prabhakaran

- founder of Tamil Tigers - killed "traitor" mayor of Jaffna, Alfred Duraiappah, in 1975

Pierre Fauchard

- founder of modern dentistry during Louis XV's reign - wrote "The Surgeon Dentist" in 1728

Isidor Fish

- friend of Bruno Hauptmann that received box of gold certificates

Antonio Pulli

- friend of King Farouk I who used to tell him "whoore stories" and bring him mistresses

Tim Mara

- funded Sing Sing Black Sheep football team with Alabama Pitts as starting QB - founded Giants

Li Shimin

- future Tang Taizong who defeated Dou Jiande and Wang Shichong at Hulao, leading to Tang Dynasty

Mario Cuomo

- gave "Tale of Two Cities" Speech, which criticized Reagan's "city on a hill" at 1984 DNC in San Francisco - told votes to vote for him, not "the homo" Ed Koch - got nickname "Hamlet on the Hudson" after 1992 primary

Richard Pace

- gave a sermon at Field of Cloth of Gold - interrupted by flying dragon/salamander/firework overhead

Monnet Plan

- gave coal and steel from Ruhr and Saarland to de Gaulle - led to formation of ECSC

George I of Greece

- gave way to Goudi coup - lost 1897 war to Turkey in thirty days, and called it Unfortunate War - assassinated by Alexandros Schinas in Thessaloniki

Walter Jenkins

- gay aide to LBJ found in YMCA bathroom

Carlito Dimahilig

- geodetic engineer that attempted to assassinate Imelda Marcos in 1972

Raymond II, Count of Tripoli

- gifted Krak des Chevaliers (studied by Lawrence of Arabia) to Knights Hospitaller

Philippe de Poincy

- governed Saint Bartelemy and sold it to French West India Company - descendants are part of Les Actors acting troupe on St. Kitts

Powell Clayton

- governor of Arkansas during Brooks-Baxter War - first US ambassador to Mexico under McKinley and Teddy Roosevelt

William Sulzer

- governor of NY in 1913; impeached by Tammany forces of Charles Francis Murphy and Frawley Committee

John Kerr

- governor-general of Australia who dismissed Gough Whitlam and put in Liberal Malcolm Fraser

May 1968

- graffiti-ed slogans during this event include "it is forbidden to forbid" and "I'm a Marxist of the Groucho tendency"

Thomas Munson

- grape horticulturist based in Denison, TX - monograph illustrated by William Henry Prestele

Mukti Bahini

- guerrilla resistance group in Bangladesh that resisted Yahya Khan - supported Awami League, which moved to Calcutta

Otto Ballerstedt

- had earlier conflict with Hitler in Bavaria that led to his jailing for a month

Maio of Bari

- had many diplomatic successes while serving William I of Sicily as "great admiral" - killed by Matthew Bonnellus for supposedly planning a kingdom takeover

Farah Pahlavi

- had most valuable art collection outside of US - wife of Shah Pahlavi

Wojciech Jaruzelski

- had snow blindness so he wore dark sunglasses - created Polish military junta in 1981 to put down Solidarity

Jacob Leisler

- had theological dispute with Nicholas van Rensselaer - bought land from John Pell for Huguenots - once captured by Moorish pirates - opposed by Nicholas Bayard, Stephanus can Cortlandt, and Frederick Philipse - posthumously pardoned by Earl of Bellomont

Kintpuash

- hanged for killing Edward Canby and Eleazer Thomas in Modoc War - also called Captain Jack

Roberto Calvi

- head of Banco Ambrosiano known as "God's Banker" - fled to London and hung himself following scandal

Paul Winzer

- head of Gestapo who helped set up Francoist concentration camps with Camilo Alonso Vega

Margaret Brent

- heir to Leonard Calvert's estate, who said "take all, spend all" - Maryland woman who became first US female lawyer

Mortimer Planno

- helped Haile Selassie land in Jamaica - witnessed Selassie's chihuahua Lulu roar like a lion

Emile Combes

- helped pass 1905 secularism law in French Third Republic as leader of Bloc des gauches

Justin Whitlock Dart Jr.

- helped pass ADA along with Patrisha Wright - known as "Godfather of ADA"

R.W. Scott McLeod

- helped purge gays from government with McCarthy in Lavender Scare - helped push Exec. Order 10450 through

Quintus Fabius Maximus Rullianus

- hero of Samnite Wars who was a 5-time consul

Puncak Jaya

- highest mountain in Oceania - located on Indonesia's part of New Guinea

John H. Manny

- hired Edwin Stanton and Abraham Lincoln in lawsuit against Cyrus McCormick

Felix Frankfurter

- hired first black law clerk William Thaddeus Coleman - rejected Ruth Bader Ginsburg b/c of her gender - founded ACLU

Emperor Decius

- his Christian persecutions led to "seven sleepers" hiding in a cave in Ephesus

John Trudell

- his Shoshone wife and kids died in mysterious fire in Duck Valley Reservation in Nevada - led AIM in the 1970s and was the spokesperson during their Alcatraz occupation

Charles III, Duke of Bourbon

- his armies revolted in Sack of Rome after he was supposedly shot by Cellini with an arquebus

William Prosser

- his article on tort law while Berkeley professor inspired by Brandeis' "Right to Privacy"

Giannetto Berardi

- his death led to Amerigo Vespucci, executor of his estate, to sponsor Columbus' second voyage

The Players (NYC)

- home to Edwin Booth, who hung picture of John Wilkes Booth in his suite here

Pitcairn Islands

- home to Henderson, Ducie, and Oeno Islands - capital is Adamstown - home to sexual assault trials in 2004

Marikina City

- home to Imelda Marcos' shoes in museum, who ran with Vicente Magsaysay in 1992

Enrico Berlinguer

- honest PCI leader who broke with Soviets - led "historic compromise" with Moro - met with PCF's George Marchais and Spain's PCE leader Santiago Carrillo

Diet of Speyer (1570)

- imperial diet under Maximilian II that restricted printing and business of Walter Chepman and Androw Myllar

Philip of Dreux, Bishop of Beauvais

- imprisoned by Richard I - smacked William Longespee on the head at Bouvines

Dan Rostenkowski

- imprisoned for mail fraud - former Rep. from Illinois - pardoned in Pardongate

Abraham Serfaty

- incarcerated under Hassan II and Moroccan Years of Lead, during which Tazmamart Prison was used

War of the Stray Dog (1925)

- incident at Petrich between Greece under Theodoros Pargalos and Bulgaria under Boris III and Alexander Tsankov

Ottoman-Venetian Wars

- included Cretan War (of Candia) and Morean War

Thomas Dangerfield

- informer in Popish Plot subplot called Mealtub Plot involving documents found in bathtub of Elizabeth Cellier - died from cane hit to the brain

Stephen Dugdale

- informer in Popish Plot that testified in front of Judge William Scroggs, who sentenced William Staley

Thomas Walcott

- informer of Rye House Plot, along with main informer Josiah Keeling - hanged for his involvement

Lucien B. Smith

- initial inventor of barbed wire along with Michael Kelly, which improved upon Osage orange

Pisistratus

- intentionally wounded himself and blamed it on political opponents - started building Temple of Zeus and gained fame in Megara

Francisco Leon de la Barra

- interim president of Mexico before Madero, who was first head of state to fly in a plane

Allgeyer v. Louisiana (1897)

- interpreted liberty in 14th Amendment to mean economic liberty - precedent for Lochner

James Creelman

- interviewed Porfirio Diaz for Pearson's Magazine in 1910

Leo III the Isaurian

- introduced Ecloga law code - defeated Arab siege of Constantinople by Caliph Suleyman with aid of troops from Tervel of Bulgaria

Emilio de Bono

- invaded Abyssinia for Italy from "northern front" of Eritrea

Jang Yeong-sil

- invented Cheugugi rain gauge and water gauge under Sejong the Great in Joseon Dynasty

Hofstadter Committee (1931)

- investigated NYC Mayor Jimmy Walker for corruption and forced his resignation - Vivian Gordon testified about NYPD arresting random girls as prostitutes

Peel Commission (1936)

- investigated causes of unrest in Mandatory Palestine - followed by Woodhead Commission after general strike

Kefauver Committee (1951)

- investigated mafia men like Frank Costello and Bugsy Siegel - included Virginia Hill, Siegel's girlfriend, yelling and screaming

Christopher Commission (1991)

- investigation into beating of Rodney King - named after future Sec. of State under Clinton; followed by Webster Commission

Operation Yewtree

- investigation of sexual assault of BBC personality Jimmy Savile

Henry Gresbeck

- invited Lutheran forces into Munster, betraying rebellion and leading to death of Bernhard Krechting through torture

Resistance Conspiracy

- involved members of Weather Underground involved with 1983 Senate Bombing - Linda Sue Evans and Susan Rosenberg of this group were pardoned by Clinton in Pardongate

Fitz-John Winthrop

- jailed by Leisler after leading failed expedition to Montreal - imprisonment was protested by Connecticut governor Robert Treat

Samuel Pepys

- jailed in Popish Plot for 6 weeks, which he later recorded in his diary

Catherine I of Russia

- jealous of Peter I's mistress Anna Mons - initially captured at Siege of Marienburg while serving as a maid

Edmond Jouhad

- joined OAS after failed Algiers Putsch of 1961, where Pierre Brillant was killed

Daniel Berrigan

- joined by Howard Zinn in trip to Hanoi to free first American POWs from North Vietnam

Siahkal Incident (1971)

- jungle guerrilla begins guerrilla era in Iran with attack on police post

Ulugh Muhammad

- khan of Golden Horde who founded Khanate of Kazan with aid of Vytautas the Great

Titus Oates

- kicked out of school for not paying a tailor - accused teacher of sodomy to get his position - later accused of sodomy in Tangier himself

Jacques Cartier

- killed 1000 great auks at Island of the Birds - Breton explorer that mapped Gulf and river of St. Lawrence

Vlado Chernozemski

- killed Alexander I of Yugoslavia and Louis Barthou in Marseilles; IMRO agent

Otoya Yamaguchi

- killed Inejiro Asanoma, Japanese socialist, on live TV - hung himself and wrote "seven loves for my country" in toothpaste and water - inspired Oe novels Seventeen and The Death of a Political Youth

Roger II of Sicily

- killed Jaquintus of Bari for rebelling - proclaimed king by Antipope Anacletus in Treaty of Mignano - laws codified in Assizes of Ariano

Lord Frederick Cavendish

- killed along with Thomas Henry Burke by Invincibles after Kilmainham Treaty in Phoenix Park Murders

Donald Campbell

- killed and cannibalized during Siege of Fort Detroit in Pontiac's Rebellion

Abdirashid Ali Shermarke

- killed as President of Somalia - leading to rise of Siad Barre - succeeded Aden Daar

Tsar Peter III

- killed before he could start war with Denmark as Duke of Holstein-Gottorp

Alexios IV Angelos

- killed by Alexios V Doukas - uncle (Alexios III) blinded Isaac II Angelos and this man tried to fight off 1204 sack of Constantinople

Ito Hirobumi

- killed by An Jung-eun in Harbin at meeting with Vladimir Kokovtsov - organized Rikken Seiyukai party

Pier Luigi Farnese, Duke of Parma

- killed by Andrea Doria for killing his nephew Gianettino in Fieschi Conspiracy

Francis, Duke of Guise

- killed by Huguenot assassin Jean de Poltrot de Mere - perpetrated Massacre of Vassy

King Abdullah I of Jordan

- killed by Mustafa Shukri Ashu in Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem - Hussein was saved by a silver medal, which deflected a bullet during this man's assassination

Duke of Enghien

- killed by Napoleon I after apparent conspiracy, leading Tsar Alexander I to enter the war - Talleyrand said that this man's death was "worse than a crime; it was a blunder"

Pierre of Castelnau

- killed by an agent of Raymond of Toulouse, sparking Albigensian Crusade

Wild Bill Hickok

- killed in Deadwood by Jack McCall with dead man's hand - Sheriff of Hays, Kansas according to his biographer Joseph G. Rosa

Oppius Sabinus

- killed in Moesia while fighting Dacians under Domitian in his disastrous campaign

William J. Fetterman

- killed in Wyoming by Crazy Horse - claimed that with 80 soldiers, he could ride through Sioux Nation

Lon Horiuchi

- killed people at Waco and Vicki Weaver at Ruby Ridge - charged by Weaver attorney Gerry Spence

Shah Abbas I

- killed son after he stole a boar kill from him on a hunt - quelled Georgian uprising at Kartli and Kakheti

Paracuellos Massacre (1936)

- killing of 5,000 prisoners by Republicans during Siege of Madrid - George Henny's plane was shot down for trying to report on this

Charles VIII

- king of France called the "affable" - died after hitting his head on a door at Chateau d'Amboise

King Alakeshvara

- king of Kotte captured by Zheng He following short 1410 war - succeeded by Parakramabrahu VI

Syphax

- king of Masaesyli who allied with Carthage and fought with Masinissa over Sophonisba - captured after Bagbrades

Alfonso XII

- king of Spain that overthrew First Spanish Republic with aid of Arsenio Martinez Campos and Antonio Canovas

Cleomenes I

- king of Sparta that helped Cleisthenes of Alcmaeonidae family after bribery of oracle of Delphi

Jacob Marenga

- known as "Black Napoleon" - led rebellion against Germans that ended at Battle of Rooysvlei

Gerard Thom

- known as "Blessed" - founded Knights Hospitaller among merchants in Amalfi

Dolores Ibarruri

- known as "La Pasionaria" and said "No Pasaran!" at Battle of Madrid in Spanish Civil War - said dog Hoxha "bites the hand that feeds him"

Petru Cercel

- known as "Peter Earring" - openly gay prince of Wallachia who lobbied for Western support and was killed by Mihnea II Turcitul

Nell Gwynn

- known as "pretty, witty" by Samuel Pepys - inspired Florimel in Dryden's The Maiden Queen (Secret Love) - reassured a crowd by saying "Be silent, good people, I'm the Protestant *****"

Zheng He

- known as Ma He as child and when asked by Fu Youde where Mongol pretender was, said he jumped into the lake

Battle of Mers-el-Kebir (1940)

- known as Operation Catapult - Britain destroyed much of Vichy fleet

David Hamilton Jackson

- labor rights advocate in Virgin Islands for Denmark - petitioned Christian X for free press

St. Croix Labor Riot (1878)

- laborers rose up in Danish West Indies (Virgin Islands) under Queens of Fireburn, like Mathilda McBean

Shell Crisis of 1915

- lack of artillery equipment was attacked by Lloyd George and Lord Northcliffe - Asquith fell from power b/c of this

Baker v. Morton (1871)

- land dispute in Omaha under Chief Justice Chase - Clifford wrote unanimous opinion

Onion River Land Company

- land grant company created by Ethan, Ira, Heman, and Zimri Allen

Ellis Act

- landlords can evict residential tenants despite California's required housing laws - passed after Nash v. City of Santa Monica

Georg Frundsberg

- landsknecht leader who promised to hang Pope Clement VII with a golden rope - fought many wars under Charles V and his troops sacked Rome after he died

Battle of Nicopolis (1396)

- large crusader army under Sigismund, HRE tried to save Ivan Shishman but was destroyed by Sigismund I

British Indian Ocean Territory

- largest island is Diego Garcia and capital is at Camp Justice - expelled Iloi people (Chagossians) from 1968-75

Lake Saimaa

- largest lake in Finland - namesake of ringed seal species

Lake Mistassini

- largest lake in Quebec - fed by Rupert River near Lake Troilus

Sundarbans

- largest mangrove forest in the world near Calcutta and Bangladesh on Bay of Bengal

Lake Heviz

- largest thermal lake in the world located in Hungary

Battle of the Ogaden (1936)

- last Ethiopian army defeated by Italians after bombing of Harar, an open city

William III of Sicily

- last Norman king of Sicily - overthrown by Constance and Henry VI in 1194

Emperor Mo of Jin

- last emperor of Jin Dynasty and shortest-reigning Chinese monarch - ruled for less than one day after suicide of Aizong

Constantine VI

- last fully recognized Roman Emperor - deposed, blinded, and imprisoned by his own mother Irene of Athens

Margaritus of Brindisi

- last great admiral of Sicily under William the II the Good of Sicily of Hauteville Dynasty

Dafydd ap Gruffyd

- last independent ruler of Wales - hanged, drawn, and quartered by Edward I

Perseus of Macedon

- last king of Antigonid Dynasty - lost to Lucius Aemilius Paulus at Pydna b/c Companion Cavalry stayed back

Kertanegara

- last ruler of Singhasari Kingdom - overthrown by Jayakatwang of Kediri in 1292 - cut Mongol envoy's ears off, prompting invasion by Kublai Khan

Peter Fossett

- last surviving Monticello slave who gave an interview in 1898

Ominous Decade (1823-33)

- last ten years of reign of Ferdinand VII of Spain

Jean Bastien-Thiry

- last to be executed by firing squad after attempted assassination of de Gaulle

Oliver Plunkett

- last victim of Popish Plot - mentioned as "blessed" in Pinter's The Birthday Party

Bachir Gemayel

- leader in Lebanese Civil War killed in bombing by Habib Tanious Shartouni

Florian Geyer

- leader of Black Company in German Peasants' War - etched "neither cross nor crown" in his sword

Osama Askar

- leader of Egyptian army with Ahmed Wasfi under Abdel-Fattah el-Sisi

Nicholas Brathwaite

- leader of Grenada after 1983 Operation Urgent Fury - appointed by Governor-General Paul Scoon

Joseph Rutherford

- leader of Jehovah's Witnesses Watch Tower Society in PA - argued on behalf of Carleton Nichols in Minersville v. Gobitis

Hone Heke

- leader of Maori in Flagstaff War - almost raided Kororareka because a woman called him "a pig's head"

Heinrich Krechting

- leader of Munster Rebellion who was allowed to escape, unlike his brother Bernhard

Licio Gelli

- leader of P2 Lodge who was convicted in Banco Ambrosiano Scandal - suspected to be involved in Moro's death

Palmiro Togliatti

- leader of PCI from 1927-64; led Salerno Turn - wounded in 1948 assassination attempt by Antonio Pollante - developed theory of "polycentrism"

Indalecio Prieto

- leader of PSOE who pleaded with Republicans to "not imitate" rebel atrocities

Jose Limantour

- leader of Porfirio Diaz's cientificos, which included VP Ramon Corral and Bernardo Reyes

Papius Mutilus

- leader of Samnite group along with Quintus Poppaedius Silo's Marsic group in Social War

Haywood Patterson

- leader of Scottsboro Boys - falsely accused of rape by Victoria Price and Ruby Bates

Skunkha

- leader of pointed-hat Scythians - captured by Darius I and displayed on Behistun Inscription

Charles Borromeo

- leading figure of Counter-Reformation from Milan at Council of Trent

Maurice Debate (1918)

- leading general called out War Cabinet, leading to weak attacks by Asquith on Lloyd George's government

Isaac Brock

- led "Upper Canada" during war of 1812 - collaborated with "Wellington of Indians" Tecumseh - died at Queenston Heights and said "push on, don't mind me"

Jack Cade

- led 1450 rebellion against Henry VI in England - captured after fight with Alexander Iden

Alice Paul

- led 1913 Woman's Suffrage Procession, which included Inez Mulholland on a white horse

Haile Selassie

- led 1916 coup against Lij Yasu - lived in exile in Bath at Fairfield House - celebrated in Grounation Day and annexed Kingdom of Jimma

Teofilo Brago

- led 5 October 1910 revolution in Rossio Square against King Manuel II

Billy Snedden

- led Australian Liberals and said "while we didn't win, we didn't lose either" - died while having sex with his son's ex-girlfriend

Frank Hassett

- led Australian forces at Korean War Battle of Maryang San

Aleksandar Stamboliyski

- led Bulgaria with aid of Orange Guard - signed Treaty of Nis, leading to overthrow by Alexander Tsankov - killed by IMRO and his hand that signed the Treaty of Nis was cut off; head was sent to Sofia in a biscuit box

Fred Larue

- led CREEP with John Mitchell and Jeb S. Magruder - exposed by Judy Hoback Miller and Maurice Stans

Roger de Flor

- led Catalan Company mercenaries for Andronikos II Palaiologos to fight Turks

Aslan Maskhadov

- led Chechnya in two wars with Russia - killed by FSB in 2005

Stokely Carmichael

- led Columbia Heights riot in DC after death of MLK

Benjamin Tallmadge

- led Culper Ring and exposed John Andre after taking him from John Jameson

Chun Doo-Hwan

- led December 12 coup and May 17 coup after Park Chung-Hee's death and put down May 18 Gwangju Democratic Movement - killed hundreds in Gwangju during Operation Splendid Holiday

Fidel Sanchez Hernandez

- led El Salvador and supported FENAGH in Football War - had his oil deposits at Cutuco bombed by Honduras

Charles de Lannoy

- led Holy Roman Empire and Spain at Battle of Pavia where he captured Francis I, forcing Louise of Savoy to be regent

Antonio Salandra

- led Italy into WWI with foreign minister Sidney Sonnino; joined Triple Entente after declaring "sacred egoism"

Hans Frank

- led Polish "General Government" under Nazis - said "not enough paper" in regards to posters of dead poles

Mengistu Haile Mariam

- led Qey Shibir by smashing bottles of blood - worsened Ethiopian famine - military junta leader in Ethiopia under Derg

Milton Cato

- led St. Vincent and the Grenadines as first independence-era PM - succeeded by NDP leader James Mitchell

Erich Mielke

- led Stasi from 1957-89 - killed Berlin policemen Paul Anlauf and Franz Lenck in 1931 while member of Communists

Phibun

- led Thailand in WWII and faced Army General Staff Coup, Palace Rebellion, and Boworadet Rebellion; overthrew Rama VII in 1932 - made Thai cultural mandates and promoted ramwong decree of native dancing - sent his children to Zhou Enlai as wards and led Silent Coup with Coup Group - escaped capture on a warship by simply swimming away in 1951; led Khana Ratsadon

Tula Rigaud

- led a 1795 slave revolt against Dutch in Curacao alongside Bastian Karpata and Louis Mercier

IMRO

- led by Hristo Tatarchev, Todor Alexandrov, and Ivan Mihailev - killed Stamboliyski and Alexander I of Yugoslavia

Commandos Z (OAS)

- led by Jean-Marcel Zagame with Commandos Delta leader Roger Degueldre

TPLF

- led by Meles Zenawi - movement from Tigray in Ethiopia that created camouflaged "green schools" for peasants - allied with Elemo Qiltu and Oromo

General Intelligence Directorate (Egypt)

- led by Zakaria Mohieddine under Nasser - intelligence agency of Egypt

Spanish Miracle (1959-74)

- led by members of Opus Dei and led to creation of SEAT 600 automobile

Gaspard de Coligny

- led expedition to Fort Caroline in Florida - almost killed by Charles de Louivers, Lord of Maurevert and definitely killed by Besme

William Henry Ashley

- led his namesake "hundred", including Jedediah Smith and Jim Bridger, leading to Rocky Mountain Fur Company

Tamati Waka Nene

- led loyalist Maori in Flagstaff War against Hone Heke, who once flew US flag on his ships

Hiram Bingham I

- led missionary efforts to Hawaii - his grandson discovered Macchu Picchu

Sheikh Said

- led namesake rebellion in 1925 with former Ottoman soldiers (hamidiye) - supported by Kurds and opposed by Ataturk

Gyorgy Dosza

- led peasant revolt against King Vladislas II of Hungary

Cola di Rienzi

- led popular revolt in Rome in mid-14th century against Stefano Colonna

Barros Sierra

- led protest at UNAM and led Silent March after assault on Vocational School #5 and CNH National Strike Council (Tlatelolco Massacre)

John Coode

- led rebellion against Lord Baltimore after Glorious Revolution - succeeded by Nehemiah Blakiston

Josias Fendall

- led rebellion in MD against Lord Baltimore - supported by John Coode in 1660

Nicholas Zannekin

- led revolts of peasants in Flanders in 1325-28 - defeated and killed at Cassel by French

Art Roderick

- led task force at Ruby Ridge w/ Bill Degan who was killed by Sammy Weaver and Kevin Harris - killed dog "Striker"

Battle of Pydna (168 BC)

- led to ascendancy of Rome in Third Macedonian War - ended Antigonid Dynasty with capture of Perseus

Mann Act

- led to charges against Jack Johnson, Chuck Berry, and Charlie Chaplin - led to wives blackmailing husbands, like in Caminetti v. US - sponsored by Illinois Rep. under Taft - called "White-Slave Traffic Act"

Santa Anna

- left Hacienda of Xalapa to fight in Pastry War - leg was struck by grapeshot and amputated

Clarendon Code (1661-65)

- legal statutes that established Anglicanism as sole religion and ended toleration of dissenting religions

Wu Qi

- legalist who adhered to strict discipline - servant to King Dao of Chu during Warring States Period - chose banner over sword to raise soldiers' morale

Kefauver Harris Amendment (1962)

- legislation requiring disclosure of side effects - co-sponsored by Tennessee Senator and Arkansas Representative

Battle of Montgisard (1177)

- leper Baldwin IV of Jerusalem and Knights Templar destroyed Saladin

McMahon-Hussein Correspondence (1915-16)

- letters between British and Sharif of Mecca that conflicted with later Sykes-Picot

Eleftherios Venizelos

- liberal Greek statesman who dominated early 20th century politics of Greece - declared Thessaloniki must be saved "at all costs" during Balkan Wars

Temple of Artemis

- located in Ephesus - burned down night that Alexander was born - not rebuilt by Alexander, who offered to construct it

Aland Islands

- located in Gulf of Bothnia - Swedish territory with capital at Mariehamm - dispute with Finland arbitrated by League of Nations

Onesilus of Salamis

- locked brother out of the city, taking throne of Salamis for himself - fought Amathus in the Ionian Revolt - skull became a beehive

Cecil Andrus

- longest serving Idaho Governor - served as Sec. of Interior under Carter

Charles Francis Murphy

- longest serving head of Tammany Hall - brought up Jimmy Walker and Al Smith - succeeded Richard Croker

Robert L. Moran

- lost Board of Aldermen of NYC position to La Guardia, who defeated this man and Mike Kelly

Ed Koch

- lost NY Governor election to Cuomo b/c he said Albany was "sterile" in Playboy interview - shut down gay baths during AIDS epidemic - hung out with Bess Myerson - told the NY Giants they could parade in Moonachie after Super Bowl win

Dionysius of Phocaea

- lost with Ionian fleet at Lade against Persian Datis - overworked his men, saying they would have to work a "few laborious days for victory" - fled later and became a pirate

Martin Waldseemuller

- made 1507 map with America in it - joined by Matthias Ringmann on Universalis Cosmographia

William Skelly

- made Spartan Aircraft Company and organized International Petroleum Exposition in Tulsa

Gajah Mada

- made Sumpah Palapa oath about spices as Mahapatih after maybe killing Jayanegra

Amerigo Vespucci

- made chief of navigation in Spain under Ferdinand II of Aragon - wrote Mundus Novus letter to Lorenzo de Medici detailing South America

Juan de la Cosa

- made earliest world map with Americas on it - owner of Columbus' ship Santa Maria

Reginald of Boulogne

- made last stand at Bouvines with 7-- knights in schiltrom ring - captured after the battle

Titus Quinctius Flaminius

- made peace in Second Macedonian War with Philip V of Macedon at Isthmian Games after Cynoscephalae

Lumen Gentium

- magnified authority of church and duty of individual - written by Marie Rosaire Gagnebet at Vatican II

Oscar Tschirky

- maitre'd of Delmonico's in Waldorf-Astoria Hotel - developed Waldorf salad and eggs benedict

Twenty-Seven Points

- manifesto of Falangism created by Jose Antonio Primo de Rivera

Marguerite de la Rocque

- marooned on Isle of Demons in Canada by Roberval after having sex with another officer

Anne of Kiev

- married Henry I of France and served as regent to Philip I of France

Gian Galeazzo Sforza

- married Isabella of Naples - killed by Ludovico of "immoderate coitus" apparently

Betsy Ross

- married Joseph Ashburn and John Claypoole - visited by Robert Morris Jr. and George Washington

Elizabeth Throckmorton

- married Walter Raleigh, who was rival of Robert Devereux

Henry Rowe Schoolcraft

- married half-Ojibwa Jane Johnston - later married Mary Howard, who published Black Gauntlet, a response to Uncle Tom's Cabin

Thomas Pickering

- martyr in Popish Plot along with William Ireland, John Grove, and Edward Colman

Operation Combat Fox (1968)

- massive show of force organized after seizure of USS Pueblo in 1968 by North Korea

Muhammad VII of Grenada

- may have died while playing extremely long game of chess with Yusuf III

Monte dei Paschi di Siena

- maybe world's oldest bank along with Berenberg Bank - originated with "mount of piety" in 1472

Johannes Junius

- mayor of Bamberg and victim of 17th century Bamberg witch trials - wrote letter to daughter Veronica

Jean Guiton

- mayor of La Rochelle during 1627 siege who said his people should stab him with the knife he stuck in the granite table if he should surrender - gave up after failed relief efforts led by Earl of Denbigh and Earl of Lindsey

Matthew Clarkson

- mayor of Philadelphia during 1793 yellow fever epidemic

Mit Brennender Sorge (1937)

- means "with burning concern" - Pius XI issued this encyclical that attacks Nazis and "mad prophet"

Pope Stephen III

- mediated quarrels between Carloman and Charlemagne and held Lateran Council of 769

Cherie Blair

- member of Booth family - married to Tony Blair

Edmund Berry Godfrey

- member of Peyton Gang and magistrate mysteriously murdered on Primrose Hill during Popish Plot - may have been killed by Miles Prance

Ainnurruvar

- merchant guild in Chola Dynasty - similar to Veera-Balanjas of Five Hundred Lords of Ayyavolu

Jean-Paul Sartre

- met Andreas Baader in prison, who he described as a "twat"

Donner-Reed Party

- met Miwok Indians after traveling through Hastings Cutoff and Humboldt River in Nevada

Trasformismo

- method of flexible governance in Italy that alienated extreme left and right - used first by Agostino Depretis and later more effectively by Giolitti

WSPU

- militant suffragette group that "rushed" the House of Commons in 1908 and were led by Norah Elam, also known as Norah Dacre Fox

Seyni Kountche

- military dictator of Niger from 1974-87 supported by future president Mamadou Tandja

Ruben Jaramillo

- militia leader killed by Mexican President Adolfo Lopez Mateos - Fuentes wrote an article about him

Rene Levesque

- minister of Quebec and future premier that founded Parti Quebecois

Gabrielle d'Estrees

- mistress and confidante of Henry IV of France who persuaded him to convert to Catholicism

Giuditta Sidoli

- mistress of Giuseppe Mazzini - operated salon in Turin and had child with Mazzini named Joseph Demosthene Adolphe Aristide

Caroline Lacroix

- mistress of Leopold II of Belgium nicknamed "Baroness Vaughan" - married him secretly

Duchess of Portsmouth

- mistress to Charles II affectionately called "Fubbs", which names a ship in the English navy

Francoise Scarron

- mistress to Louis XIV of France - opposed Bossuet and Madame Guyon's support of Quietism

Frank COstello

- mobster whose slot machines were destroyed by La Guardia - said he'd "paid my taxes" when asked what he did for his country during Kefauver hearings

George Pompidou

- modernized Paris, developing Arianespace and TGV; died suddenly in 1974 of lymphoma suddenly - PM of France from 1964-74

Kirti Gompa

- monastery in Tibet that is site of recent self-immolations

Raoul Salan

- most decorated French soldier - founded OAS and later pardoned by Mitterand in 1982

George of Antioch

- most important official under Roger II of Sicily - first "great admiral" of Sicily, and followed by Philip of Mahdia

Katharina Kepler

- mother of famous astronomer convicted of witchcraft and later released in Wurttemburg

Bakony Mountains

- mountain range north of Lake Balaton, which is fed by Zala River in Hungary

Briggs' Plan (1950)

- moved Chinese Malaysians to "New Villages" after atrocities like Batang Kali Massacre (Britain's My Lai)

Share our Wealth

- movement started by Huey Long and continued by Gerald L.K. Smith of America First in Michigan

Lijar

- municipality in Andalusia that had a bloodless 100 year war with France from 1883 to 1983

1941 Odessa Massacre

- murder of Jews in Transnistria region by Romanians that included Bogdanovka concentration camp

Nart Sagas

- mythology of North Caucasus peoples, including Circassians

Tom Yum Goong Crisis (1997)

- name for Thai incarnation of 1997 Financial Crisis - improperly managed by PM Chavalit Yongchaiyudh

Jean-Antoine Chaptal

- named "nitrogen" and added sugar to wines in namesake process

Flour Bluff

- named for activities of smugglers near Corpus Christi and Oso Bay - blockaded by US ship Levi Woodbury

Bascon Affair (1861)

- namesake American general provoked Cochise into war by killing his nephews and brothers in Arizona

Holmes' Bonfire (1666)

- namesake English general burned 140 Dutch merchant ships in 2nd Anglo-Dutch War - avenged by de Ruyter's raid on the Medway

Pride's Purge (1648)

- namesake and Lord Gray of Groby created Rump Parliament and sorted people into houses called Heaven, Hell, and Purgatory

Markovic Affair (1968)

- namesake bodyguard of Alain Delon was found dead, along with George Pompidou's wife's nudes in scandal

Napier Affair (1834)

- namesake general was about to bomb Chinese forts on Pearl River, but he fell ill with typhus

Malet Coup (1812)

- namesake led coup against Napoleon with Pierre-Augustin Hulin and Lazare Carnot, father to famous scientist

Gove's Rebellion (1683)

- namesake rebelled in New Hampshire against Governor Edward Cranfield after drinking with friends - many were sentenced by Richard Waldon

Blaine Amendment

- namesake sponsor proposed this legislation to stop funding schools of religious affiliation

Benjamin Chavis Jr

- national director of the Million Man March in 1995, which competed with Day of Absence

Guillermo Reynaldo Cortez

- national hero in El Salvador because he killed himself grounding a plane to save civilians in Football War

Jose Calvo Sotelo

- nationalist finance minister under Miguel Primo de Rivera - his assassination, which was sparked by the murder of policeman Jose Castillo, sparked the military coup that started the Spanish Civil War

Tirpitz Plan

- naval power plan under Wilhelm II that sparked arms race with Britain - based on "Risk Theory"

Crittenden Report (1957)

- naval report prepared by Clyde Hoey (NC Senator) about homosexuals in Navy during Lavender Scare

Amaravati

- new capital of Andhra Pradesh after formation of Telangana, which took Hyderabad

Smithsonian Agreement (1971)

- new currencies pegged to dollar - followed 1944 negotiations at Bretton Woods conference

Washington Globe

- newspaper founded by Francis Preston Blair Sr, whose son founded Washington Union newspaper in support of Samuel Tilden

Kinjikitile Ngwale

- nicknamed "Bokero" after being possessed by snake spirit Hongo - Tanzanian national hero

Roger Clinton

- nicknamed "Headache" by Secret Service - granted pardon by Clinton after DUI and cocaine possession in Pardongate

Louis VIII

- nicknamed "the Lion" - won at Roche-au-Moine against John I and almost became King of England

1961 Goldsboro B-52 Crash

- nuclear accident over North Carolina - profiled in Eric Schlosser's Command and Control

Thomas Livingston

- obeyed orders of Dalrymple and ordered John Hill to carry out Glencoe with Hamilton while being quartered with the MacDonalds

Dean Rusk

- offered to resign under LBJ b/c daughter would marry black guy; told de Gaulle "can we bring back bodies from France too?" when he told America to told soldiers back

Waite Phillips

- oilman in Tulsa that donated to Philbrook Art Museum, Philmont Ranch in New Mexico, and USC

Fuggerei

- oldest social housing complex still in use in Augsburg, Bavaria

Dresden Codex

- oldest surviving book from Americas - Mayan book made from amate and folded accordion-style

Thomas Osborne, Earl of Danby

- one of Immortal Seven - accused of treachery in Popish Plot - advisor to Charles II

N.E. Balaram

- one of founding members of Communism in Kerala - Malayalam literary critic

Fuegia Basket

- one of many "civilized savages" captured at Tierra del Fuego by Robert Fitzroy - brothers were Jemmy Button, York Minster, and Boat Memory

Riccardo Zanella

- only elected president of Free State of Fiume, which was created by Treaty of Rapallo

Franklin Buchanan

- only full Confederate admiral of the navy - commanded CSS Virginia and lost to Farragut at Mobile Bay

Aaron Mitchell

- only man executed during Reagan's governorship - shouted "I am Jesus Christ!" in gas chamber

Pieter Heyn

- only person to capture Spanish silver fleet - helped Maarten Tromp start naval service

Lex Ogulnia (300 BC)

- opened various priesthoods to plebeians - led to rise of Tiberius Coruncanius

Annise Parker

- openly gay mayor of Houston - succeeded by Sylvester Turner

Richard Mentor Johnson

- openly married slave Julia Chinn and campaigned on slogan "Rumpsey Dumpsey, Rumpsey Dumpsey, Colonel Johnson killed Tecumseh"

Benjamin Freedman

- opposed Anna Rosenberg's nomination to be assistant to Secretary of Defense b/c of anti-Semitism

Strom Thurmond

- opposed Barnwell Ring as Governor and confronted Sue Logue after murders - arrested people who lynched Willie Earle while Governor

Marcel Lefebvre

- opposed Vatican II's Dignitatis humanae, which said Church supported religious liberty

Synod of Dahlem (1934)

- opposed by Confessing Church - created German Evangelical Church for Nazis under Ludwig Muller

Balfour Declaration (1917)

- opposed by Jewish Edwin Montagu - previous drafts included those by Milner and Amery

Charles Calvert

- opposed by sermons of priest John Yeo in Newfoundland - married Mary Darnall and told Henry Darnall to protect Maryland against Coode

Henry Loeb

- opposed demands of striking sanitation workers in 1968 as mayor of Memphis

Gustavo Diaz Ordaz

- ordered crackdown in Tlatelolco Massacre as President of Mexico

Waldemar Pabst

- ordered deaths of Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht during Spartacist uprising - participated in Kapp Putsch

Than Shwe

- ordered execution of 59 civilians on Christie Island and said orders came from "Aba Gyi" (Great Father)

Geoffrey Hornby

- ordered peaceful handover of San Juan Islands during Pig War

Charles Moyer

- organized Copper County Strike in Michigan - extradited from Colorado with Bill Haywood for murder of Frank Steunenberg

Hampton Roads Conference (1865)

- organized by Francis Preston Blair Sr, who delivered messages between Davis and Lincoln

Teme Sejko

- organized coup against Hoxha - involved Koci Tashko, which was misspelled in Russian correspondences for the word "period" (punctuation mark)

Arthur Millspaugh

- organized finances of Reza Shah in Iran

Synod of Estinnes (743)

- origin of pretzel - council under Carloman and St. Boniface

Artaphernes

- original funder of Aristagoras - told Histiaeus that he "stitched the shoe" for Aristagoras' revolt

ETA (Euskadi ta Askatasuna)

- originally called ATA, which means duck in Basque - killed Jose Pardines and Meliton Manzanas in revenge for death of Txabi Etxebarrieta

Bloody Christmas (1963)

- outbreak of violence on holiday after Zurich Agreement

Miguel Primo de Rivera

- outlawed CNT and created 27 corporations to run the economy - created failed "Patriotic Union" party and ended turno pacifico

Emminger Reform (1924)

- outlawed full juries and made trials a mix of judges and juries - implemented before Georg Neihardt gave Hitler a light sentencing after Beer Hall Putsch

Edmund Bacon

- overseer of 140 slaves in nail factory at Monticello

Rafiq Hariri

- owned construction company that helped in aftermath of Beirut bombing - future PM of Lebanon from 92-98 and 02-04, when he was assassinated

Loyd Jowers

- owner of Jim's Grill in Lorraine Motel that claimed Police Chief Earl Clark killed MLK

Coffin Handbills

- pamphlets attacking Andrew Jackson in 1828 - refuted with accusing J.Q. Adams of being tsar's pimp and gambling

Pandulf Verraccio

- papal legate under Innocent III who was awarded Norwich by King John

Marc Rich

- pardoned by Clinton in Pardongate - imprisoned for huge tax evasion and indicted by Rudy Giuliani - involved in Iraq "Oil-For-Food" Program and founder of Glencoe - released due to his wife's donations to Clinton's campaign

Port Campbell National Park

- park in Victoria, Australia that contains the Twelve Apostles rocks

Freedom and Justice Party

- party of Mohammed Morsi - joined with Ayman Noura's Revolution Tomorrow to form Democratic Alliance for Egypt

Bernard Rothmann

- pastor in Munster converted by Jan Matthys (baker from Haarlem) - "theological voice" of Munster

Baron Hunsdon

- patron of Lord Chamberlain's Men - cousin of Elizabeth I and helped put down 1569 Rising of the North

Richard Strange

- patron of Titus Oates while he studied under Jesuits

Kathiawar

- peninsula in Gujarat that borders the Gulf of Kutch and the Chir Batti, a ghost light

Marconi Scandal (1912)

- people in Asquith's cabinet got big money from radio company

Greek Town Riot (1909)

- people rioted in Omaha after policeman Edward Lowry was shot by someone of a specific ethnic group

Biennio Rosso (1919-20)

- period of political violence in Italy under Giolitti - sparked by ideas of Antonio Gramsci

Devil's Hole Massacre (1763)

- perpetrated by Cornplanter and "Farmer's Brother" against George Campbell, William Fraser, and John Stedman

George Wakeman

- physician to Catherine of Braganza, wife of Charles II; accused in Popish plot

Chen Zuyi

- pirate and ruler of Palembang who was defeated in Zheng He's first voyage and executed in Nanjing in 1407

Richard Ingle

- pirate who terrorized Chesapeake settlements during the Plundering Time

NY Times Co v. Sullivan (1964)

- plaintiff and AL gov. John Patterson objected ot "Heed Their Rising Voices" article in this case - Brennan wrote majority

Rye House Plot (1682)

- planned attack on Charles II and James, Duke of York, after horse races - Locke fled to the Netherlands as a result

Pontcallec Conspiracy (1718-20)

- plot sparked by anti-tax movement in Brittany - sympathizers of Cellamare Conspiracy tried to depose Philippe II, Duke of Orleans in favor of Philip V of Spain as regent to Louis XV - ended in executions at Nantes

High Treason Incident (1910)

- plot to assassinate Meiji Emperor that led to repressive Peace Preservation Laws in 1925

James Kennally

- plotted to steal Lincoln's corpse and ransom it to free a friend in prison

Brixton Riot (1981)

- police in London brutalized black protesters in London - investigated by Scarman Commission

Zealots of Thessalonica

- political group of Byzantines that opposed John Kantakouzenos

Evin Prison

- political prison for dissidents used by SAVAK - called "University" due to large number of incarcerated intellectuals

Carlos Arias Navarro

- politician under Franco - called "Butcher of Malaga" for signing tons of death warrants during war

Henry Frank

- politician woh said La Guardia was an anti-Semite - led to challenge of debating entirely in the "Yiddish language", which this man declined

Davis v. Beason (1890)

- polygamy was declared a felony and not free exercise under Melville Fuller court

Clement V

- pope from 1305-14; moved papacy to Avignon - suppressed Knights Templar with bull Faciens Misericordiam

Eugene III

- pope who declared 2nd Crusade and supported Wendish Crusade with Divina Dispensatione

Fasci Siciliani (1889-94)

- popular socialist movement in Sicily under Crispi and Giolitti - ended in death of 92 peasants in Palermo

Marshall Sahlins

- popularized "teach-in" protest of Vietnam War at University of Michigan with Arnold Kaufman - professor of anthropology

San Remo Conference (1920)

- post-Versailles conference that determined fate of Palestine, Syria, and Mesopotamia

Black Wednesday (1992)

- pound failed due to massive shorting by George Soros' Quantum Fund

Joseph Cannon

- powerful Speaker of the House from Illinois overthrown by George Norris - first person on TIME magazine cover

Robert Bourassa

- premier of Quebec that supported War Measures Act with mayor Montreal Jean Drapeau

Tash Rabat

- preserved caravanserai in Kyrgyzstan with gypsum mortar sealing joints near Lake Chatyr-Kul and Torugart Pass

John Silber

- president of Boston University from 1996-2002 - clashed several times with Howard Zinn

John Kufuor

- president of Ghana from 2001-2009 - succeeded by John Atta Mills

Abdou Diouf

- president of Senegal from 1980-2000 - succeeded by Abdoulaye Wade

Manuel Azaña

- president of Spain at outbreak of war in 1936 - said all convents in Spain weren't worth "one life"

Sylvanus Olympio

- president of Togo assassinated in coup led by Gnassingbe Eyadema, which led to Grunitzky government later overthrown in 1967

Flamen

- priest assigned to one of fifteen cults of Rome - major ones were Jupiter, Mars, Quirinus

Vlad VI the Drowned

- prince of Wallachia who rode horse into Dambovita River after getting drunk at a feast

War of the Eight Princes (291-306)

- princes of Jin Dynasty fought over regency to retarded Emperor Hui

Thomas Mott Osborne

- prison reformer at Sing Sing while warden there - supervised executions in "Old Sparky"

Black Hundreds

- pro-Romanov forces that shut down Odessa's Prosvita Society

Nikos Sampson

- pro-enosis leader of Cyprus that overthrew Makarios III - succeeded briefly by Glafkos Clerides

Francis Townsend

- promulgated namesake plan for old people in Long Beach Press Telegram with Robert Earl Clements

Roger Sherman

- proposed 3/5 compromise with James Wilson and Connecticut Compromise - signed 4 great state papers of US

John B. Anderson

- proposed 50% gas tax and 50% cut in Social Security taxes; Illinois Sen. who ran with Wisconsin governor Patrick Lucey in 1980 - ran against televangelist Don Lyon in Senate race - reformed OH early voting in namesake v. Celebezze

Charles M. Fickert

- prosecuted Thomas Mooney and Warren Billings for Preparedness Day bombing - those two were later pardoned by CA governor Culbert Olson

Tobacco Protest (1890)

- protest in Iran against Qajar Dynasty' Nasir al-Din Shah's concession of a specific good to Britain

Polish October (1950)

- protests in Poznan led to Wladyslaw Gomulka taking power successfully from Stalinists

Eusebio Kino

- proved that California was not an island through overland expedition

Anthony Benezet

- pseudonym for Benjamin Rush detailing how blacks were naturally immune to yellow fever

Ramon George Sneyd

- pseudonym of James Earl Ray when fleeing from London to Brussels

Battle of Anchem (1930_

- psychological warfare used by Haile Selassie to defeat Gugsa Welle and Zewditu

Humberto Delgado

- pulled British NATO general's ear hair as a joke - said "Obviously, I'll sack him!" about Salazar - killed by PIDE's Monteiro

William Tryon

- put bounty on Ethan Allen's head after exchanging death threats with him - defeated Regulators with help of Hugh Waddell

Gustav von Gotzen

- put down Maji Maji Revolt at Mahenge after clashes at Limale and Samanga - ordered 1905 famine to end revolt

Pope Alexander III

- quarreled with Antipope Victor IV - recognized Alfonso I as the King of Portugal in Manifestus Probatum

Amanirenas

- queen of Kush defeated by Petronius in Egypt - one-eyed woman referred to as Kandake or Candace

John E. Rankin

- racist Mississippi rep. who lowered payments after Port Chicago Disaster b/c victims were black - refused to sit next to Adam Clayton Powell and called Paul Robeson a n*gger after 1949 Peekskill Riots near Yonkers

Batenburgers

- radical Anabaptists that continued violence of Munster Rebellion

Valerie Solanas

- radical feminist who wrote play Up Your Ass and starred in Warhol film I, A Man before trying to kill him

Demetrio Vallejo

- railroad union activist arrested by Mexican President Adolfo Lopez Mateos

National Democratic Party

- ran John M. Palmer (IL) and Simon Bolivar Buckner to oppose William Jennings Bryan in 1896

Sheridan Downey

- ran as Lieutenant Governor with Upton Sinclair in 1934 - promoted his EPIC platform against Frank Merriam and George J. Hatfield

Ed Clark

- ran on Libertarian ticket with David Koch in 1980 with surprisingly progressive views

William Crawford

- ran with Nathaniel Macon in 1824 - killed allies of Georgia representative John Clark in duel

Good Old Cause

- reasons why Roundheads chose to fight in New Model Army

Knights' Revolt (1522-23)

- rebellion led by Franz von Sickingen against HRE - inspired German Peasants' War

Zapatista Uprising (1994)

- rebellion of EZLN ended with San Andres Accords - Riordan Roett pushed for Mexico to end this

1936-39 Arab Revolt

- rebellion sparked by killing of Syrian preacher Izz ad-Din al-Qassam and Amin al-Husseini's call for a general strike

Thomas McKean

- received letter from Jefferson about "abominable slanders" including gunboats in Georgia cornfields

Piero Soderini

- recipient of letter from Amerigo Vespucci detailing his four voyages - gonfaloniere of Florence

Lady Sarah Wilson

- recruited to cover Siege of Mafeking, making her first female war correspondent in history

Thomas Eddy

- reformed prison practices and was first director of old "Newgate" Prison in New York - proposed Erie Canal with aid of State Senator Jonas Platt

Frederick William IV

- refused German unified throne at Frankfurt Parliament because he felt he had to be chosen by electors of Holy Roman Empire

Bernice Bishop

- refused offer to lead Hawaii after Kamehameha V, leading to election of Lunalilo

Sam Rayburn

- refused political payments, promoted Route 66, and hosted secret "Board of Education" meetings - wasn't a fan of FDR Jr.

Dagestan

- region of Russia with capital at Makhachkhala - home to Shariat Jamaat terrorists

Berne Convention (1906)

- regulated manufacturing of matches, banning white phosphorus

Great Thessaloniki Fire of 1917

- relief efforts helped by Maurice Sarrail - city was rebuilt by Ernest Hebrard

Hermann von Hanneken

- replaced Erich Ludke as Nazi Commander in Denmark after Telegram Crisis

Gerald Templer

- replaced Henry Gurney in Malayan Emergency after his killing - began "hearts and minds" campaign with Malaysians

White Paper Defense

- report authored by Dean Acheson describing "loss of China" - attacked for his failure in "The Attack of the Primitives"

F.T. Marinetti

- reported on Balkan Wars and wrote poem about Siege of Adrianople called Zang Tumb Tumb

Michael Buerk

- reported on Ethiopian famine on October 3, 1984, leading to Live Aid

Malcolm Muggeridge

- reported on Holodomor and put reports in bag with rival Gareth Jones - brought Mother Teresa to prominence

James T. Callender

- reported on Jefferson's children with Sally Hemings, including Beverly, Harriet, Madison, and Eston

Julia May Courtney

- reported on Ludlow Massacre in journal Mother Earth and on deaths of infants and Louis Tikas

Theodore Frelinghuysen

- represented New Jersey as Senator and "Christian Statesman" - ran with Clay in 1844

Code of Leke

- repressive code for women's activities in Albania - said woman was a "sack"; repealed by Hoxha

Republic of Karelia

- republic of Prussia with capital at Petrozavodsk and led by Artur Panfenchikov

Lord Killanin

- resigned before 1980 Moscow Olympics, which US boycotted - replaced by Juan Antonio Samaranch

Peter Thorneycroft

- resigned from MacMillan's cabinet due to increased government expenditures - handled Sunda Straits Crisis with Sukarno

Dan Rather

- resigned in Killian Documents controversy after helping Mary Mapes get forged documents about George W. Bush's Air Force Service

Melville Fuller

- resolved border dispute between British Guiana and Venezuela - wrote majority in E.C. Knight case and Leisy v. Hardin

Barmen Declaration (1934)

- response to Deutsche German movement written by Karl Barth and Pfarrernotbund

Page Act (1875)

- restricted Asian and Chinese immigration - first restrictive immigration law - sponsored by California Representative

Dillingham Commission (1911)

- restricted immigration, leading to first quotas in 1921 - led by Vermont Senator

Thomas Duncombe

- revealed that while Mazzini was in exile in Britain, the government was opening and reading his mail

Harelle

- revolt in France during Hundred Years' War - followed by Maillotin Revolt six days later

Cantonal Revolt (1873)

- revolt in favor of dividing Spain into autonomous regions - led by Catalan Francesc Pi i Margall, who translated works of Pierre-Auguste Proudhon

Stephen I, Count of Sancerre

- revolted against Philip Augustus with Brabancon mercenaries - defeated by Confreres de la Paix

Heraclius

- revolted against Phocas; created Monothelitism to placate Monophysites - married his niece, Martina

Antal Nagy de Buda

- revolted in Transylvania against Kingdom of Hungary in 1437 due to George Lepes' increased tithes

Irmandiño Revolts

- revolts in 15th century Galicia - commemoration of this is largest role playing event in the world

Mehmet Shehu

- right-hand man to Hoxha for 40 years that killed himself in 1981; declared a traitor after his death

Stephen Milligan

- rising star of Conservative Party in 1990s - died of autoerotic asphyxiation with orange in mouth and with black stockings on

Cooum River

- river in Chennai that flows into Bay of Bengal

Peter Pett

- roasted by Marvell for saying ship models and drawings were more valuable than real ships after Raid on the Medway

Caesar Rodney

- rode to Delaware to break tie on Declaration of Independence - President of Delaware

Prince Pozorovsky

- ruled Astrakhan and killed during Stepan Razin's revolt - leading to Razin's election as gosudar

Parantaka I

- ruled Chola for 48 years and annexed Pandya Dynasty's capital of Madurai

Ruvuma River

- runs on Tanzania-Mozambique border and runs along Kionga Triangle in Mozambique

Louis Farrakhan

- said "God puts you in the ovens forever" - called "Judaism" a gutter religion and said Hitler was a "great man"

Michael "Ozzie" Myers

- said "money talks and bullshit walks" when found out in Abscam scandal - Philadelphia politician expelled from Congress

Wilfrid Laurier

- said "the twentieth century belongs to Canada" - created Canadian Navy with Naval Bill of 1910

Jeff Flake

- said Trump was Stalinesque in Fake News Awards - sponsored stupid "No Fly, No Buy" bill - warned against "new normal" when saying he wouldn't seek re-election

Bob Dole

- said if you added up victims of Democrat wars, it would fill the city of Detroit in VP debate with Mondale in 1976 - influenced by meeting with Armenian Genocide survivor and orthopedist Hampar Kelikian after WW2 injuries

Nell Gwyn

- said she was the "Protestant whoore" when she was confused with Duchess of Portsmouth - originally an orange seller under Mary Meggs

Joshua Hett Smith

- sailed Benedict Arnold to the Vulture to meet John Andre near Stony Point

Baehr v. Miike (1993)

- same-sex marriage case in Hawaii that led to 1996 Defense of Marriage Act

Bessus

- satrap of Bactria who assassinated Darius III and later killed by Alexander for his actions

Menno Simons

- saw murder at Munster and chose different path of Anabaptism with Obbe and Dirk Philips

Mickey Free

- scout captured by Apaches as a child while known as Felix Ward

Tom Adams

- second PM of Barbados - succeeded Errol "Dipper" Barrow - took part in Operation Urgent Fury

Battle of Rignano (1137)

- second defeat of Roger II of Sicily to Ranulf of Alife

Enneakrounos

- second most important water source of Athens behind Kalliroe Cistern - built by Pisistratus

Leon Jaworski

- second special prosecutor in Watergate after Cox was fired for rejecting Stennis Compromise

Ingeborg of Denmark

- second wife of Philip Augustus, who he locked up and tried to divorce

John Lambert

- second-in-command to Cromwell at Worcester - promulgated Instrument of Government - defeated by George Monck and Restoration movement, leading to his imprisonment

Chinon Parchment (1308)

- secret document stating that Clement V secretly absolved all Knights Templar for their sins

Sigurimi

- secret police of Hoxha; tortured victims with sounds of car engines telling them they would take them away

Juan de Escobedo

- secretary of Don Juan of Austria that was killed after discovering affair between Antonio Perez and Ana de Mondoza

William FitzRalph

- seneschal of Normandy under Henry II and Richard I - Philip II attempted to convince him that Vexin was his territory

Brancaleone Doria

- served Peter IV of Aragon, who arrested him for taking Giudicate of Arborea - almost conquered all of Sardinia

Simon Doria

- served Philip Augustus at Third Crusade Siege of Acre - led Genoese fleet at Siege of Damietta in 5th Crusade

Jack Kemp

- served as HUD secretary under H.W. Bush - campaign picture with Dole in '96 was overshadowed by picture of Mars in TIME - discussed spitting of Orioles' Roberto Alomar in VP debate with Gore

Edmund Muskie

- served as Sec. of State during Iran hostage crisis - went into coma after falling down stairs while Mayor of Waterville

Meletus

- set forth trial of Socrates in league with two other accusers Antylus and Lycon

Malmaison Constitution (1802)

- set laws for Napoleonic puppet state in Switzerland, Helvetic Republic

Julian the Apostate

- set up Chalcedon Tribunal to deal with corruption - wrote satire of himself called Misopogon, or "Beard Hater"

Oran Massacre (1962)

- seven katiba regiments of FLN killed hundreds after burning of Algiers Library by OAS

Adler von Lubeck

- ship built by Hansa that was converted to freight after Treaty of Stettin

Struma Disaster (1942)

- ship carrying Jewish refugees from Romania to Palestine was sunk by Soviet torpedo

Paknam Incident (1893)

- ships Jean-Baptiste Say, Inconstant, and Comete were fired on by Siam in Franco-Siamese War

Edict of Saint-Germain (1562)

- short-lived peace sponsored by Catherine de Medici - quickly broken by Duke of Guise at Wassy

Alberto Lleras Camargo

- short-lived president of Colombia who helped end La Violencia

Erfurt Union (1850)

- short-lived union of German states excluding Austria - ended by Punctation of Olmutz

Pedro Lascurain

- shortest presidency in the world after Madero's assassination

Jean Parisot de Valette

- shot Turkish heads out of cannons in Great Siege of Malta in 1565

John Wesley Hardin

- shot a man for snoring in Kansas - led to confrontation with Wild Bill Hickok in Abilene, Kansas

Geraldo Rivera

- shot at by Randy Weaver at Ruby Ridge and led to Operation Northern Exposure

Andreas Bauriedl

- shot on the stomach and bled out on Nazi flag - led to "Blood Flag" nickname - killed in Beer Hall Putsch

Nicolae Titulescu

- shouted "to the door with the savages!" when Haile Selassie showed up to League of Nations

Adlai Stevenson II

- showed down-to-earth personality with hole in his shoe during 1952 election

Francis II of France

- sickly king of France and husband of Mary, Queen of Scots - succeeded Henry II and died in 1560, succeeded by Charles IX

Henry Sloughter

- signed death warrant for Leisler while drunk - told to kill Leisler by Richard Ingoldesby, who convinced Leisler to surrender peacefully

Eight Trigrams Uprising (1813)

- similar to earlier White Lotus Rebellion - carried out against Jiaqing Emperor

Gemma La Guardia Gluck

- sister of NYC mayor who was sent to Ravensbruck during WW2 with daughter Yolanda

New Bedford

- site of Massachusetts whaling industry - site of Nathan and Mary Johnson's boardinghouse for runaway slaves

Tenaru River

- site of WWII Battle of Alligator Creek near Guadalcanal

Gulf of Fonseca

- site of border dispute after Football War

Shark Island

- site of concentration camp during Herero and Namaqua genocide - located in Namibian city named after Adolf Luderitz

Yucca Mountain

- site of nuclear waste facility in Nevada

Santiago de Compostela

- site of pilgrimage for St. James the Great in Spain - first apostle to be martyred

Dalarna, Sweden

- site of revolt of miners in 1434 against Eric of Pomerania

Anahuac Disturbances (1832-35)

- skirmishes started by William B. Travis and Frank Johnson, and precipitated Texas Revolution

Zong Massacre (1781)

- slavers threw 130 slaves overboard near Jamaica b/c of lack of drinking water; rained later that day

Filippo Turati

- socialist leader and friend of Giolitti - failed to control Mussolini while he led Avanti!

Antipater I the Idumaean

- son killed Alexander and Aristobulus - founded Herodian dynasty and rescued Julius Caesar in Alexandria

Caeso

- son of Cincinnatus convicted of obstructing tribune of the plebeians - led to heavy fine paid by his father

Arthur Vandenberg Jr.

- son of Michigan who resigned from Eisenhower's staff b/c he was gay

Pharnaces II of Pontus

- son of Mithridates the Great - lost to Julius Caesar at Battle of Zela, where he said "veni, vidi, vici"

Louis I of Spain

- son of Philip V of Spain who succeeded him after abdication; served 10 months and died of smallpox

James Rudolph Garfield

- son of assassinated president and Secretary of Interior under Teddy Roosevelt

Henry Ireton

- son-in-law of Cromwell and died of plague at Siege of Limerick - captured at Battle of Naseby

Jacob Milborne

- son-in-law of Leisler who was killed with him - sent by Leisler to subjugate Albany

Francisco Coronado

- sought to find Quivira in Kansas, but only found squash

Rashtrakuta Dynasty

- southern Indian dynasty that was led by Dantidurga - defeated Chola Empire

"The Opportunity in the Law" Speech

- speech by Louis Brandeis that argued for mandatory pro bono work and more independent law firms

Tom Harkin

- sponsored ADA in 1990 - Iowa Senator who delivered speech at signing in sign language

Gunter Guillaume

- spy under Erich Honecker in Brandt's cabinet - wrote "Die Assuage" (The Statement)

Clem Whitaker and Leone Baxter

- started Campaigns, Inc. which revolutionized politics - worked for Frank Merriam and prevented Upton Sinclair from winning 1934 California gubernatorial election

Committee on Standards in Public Life (1994)

- started by John Major in response to briberies by Mohammed al-Fayed

Willem Kieft

- started namesake war against Lenape aided by his second in command, David de Vries - died in Princess Amelia shipwreck

Battle of Coire na Creiche (1601)

- started when Margaret MacLeod was sent to her brother with one eye on a one-eyed horse with a one-eyed servant and a one-eyed dog

Eastmain River

- starts in Quebec and flows into James Bay portion of Hudson Bay

Henrician Articles (1573)

- stated law of Poland after election of Valois king to throne

John H. Reagan

- stole US post office and became Postmaster General of Confederacy - removed Reconstruction Governor of Texas Edmund J. Davis; known as "Old Cincinnatus"

Rudi Dutschke

- student activist in Germany inspired by Benno Ohnesborg - eventually killed by Josef Bachmann after years of suffering from his gunshot wound - advocated "long march through the institutions of power"

Maximilian II, HRE

- succeeded Ferdinand I in 1562 and was nephew of Charles V

Ramiz Alia

- succeeded Hoxha in 1985 after he had a heart attack and died

Jan van Leiden

- succeeded Jan Matthys as leader of Munster - tortured at St. Lambert's Church - took Matthys' wife Divira as queen after legalizing polygamy; previously known as Johan Bockelson - went into naked trance for 3 days

Damaso Berenguer

- succeeded Miguel Primo de Rivera - known as dictablanda to Primo de Rivera's dictadura

Idris Alooma

- succeeded Queen Aissa in Kanem-Bornu - life chronicled by Ibn Fartuwa - received diplomats at Ngazargama

Miguel Diaz-Canel

- succeeded Raul Castro as President of Cuba on April 18

Tom Bradley

- succeeded Sam Yorty as LA Mayor, of which he is longest-serving holder - faced Rodney King riots and namesake "effect"

Boris III of Bulgaria

- succeeded Simeon II of Bulgaria after abdication - helped Angelo Roncalli (John XXIII) save Jews in Holocaust

Bayezid II

- successor of Mehmet II who evacuated Jews from Spain after Alhambra Decree and settled them in Ottoman Empire

Thomas Young

- suggested name of Vermont after illegally inoculating Ethan Allen

Ismail Ascari

- suicide bomber at Beirut Barracks 1983, where Eddie DiFranco was killed and Danny Wheeler survived

Virgil Blossom

- superintendent of Little Rock ISD during Little Rock Nine - supported NAACP's Daisy Bates and involved Cooper v. Aaron

Carians

- supported Aristagoras and fought with backs to the Marsyas River to prevent retreat - killed Daurises in ambush at Pedasus

Joe Garagiola Sr

- supported Gerald Ford in 1976 election with TV ads of them hanging out together

Francisco de Miranda

- supported by Rufus King in expedition to Venezuela with Moses Smith and William Stephens Smith

Thomas Hayward Dare

- supporter of Duke of Monmouth who was killed in a duel by Andrew Fletcher over who should ride the best horse

Francisco Largo Caballero

- supposed "Spanish Lenin" who resigned in favor of Juan Negrin

Red Army Faction

- supposedly disbanded in 1998 note sent to Reuters - members include neo-Nazi Horst Mahler

Decebalus

- supposedly hid treasure under Sargetia River before committing suicide in 106 - succeeded Scorilo

Thomas Hickey

- supposedly involved in plot to kill Washington with New York City mayor David Matthews - first American person to be executed for treason

Nathan Mayer Rothschild

- supposedly learned about outcome of Waterloo in advance with carrier pigeons

Michel Viger

- suspected FLQ member who harbored members in his barns during October Crisis

Council of Piacenza (1095)

- synod held by Urban II during investiture controversy

Radom Confederation (1767)

- szlachta led by Nicolas Repnin fought for Golden Liberty - made peace with Stanislaw II Poniatowski

Shahu I

- taken prisoner as 5th Chhatrapati of Maratha Empire - fought succession war with aunt Tarabai

John Major (philosopher)

- taught John Knox, who married Marjorie Bowes and employed Richard Bannatyne as his secretary

Kemp-Roth Tax Cuts (1981)

- tax cuts led by NY rep/former football player and Delaware Rep.

Yasak

- tax on Siberian indigenous peoples for fur

George Calvert

- thanked George Villiers for promotion under James I with large diamond, which he returned - traveled to Avalon (Newfoundland), where he was badmouthed by Erasmus Stourton

King of Sparta

- this title was held by two rulers every time known as Archagetai - one was from Agiad line and other from Eurypontid line

War of Three Henries (977-978)

- three German princes revolted against Holy Roman Emperor Otto II

John Compton

- three-time PM of St. Lucia - led United Workers Party and supported Operation Urgent Fury

Doris Duke

- tobacco heiress that posted bail for Imelda Marcos and Adnan Khashoggi after racketeering charges

Megabates

- told Naxos of Aristagoras' pending invasion after he fell out with him

Harry Emerson Fosdick

- told Ruby Bates to go back and tell the truth in Scottsboro Boys trials

Mengistu Haile Mariam

- told those who called him "Barias" (slave) to "stoop and grind corn" - used Kebeles to impose "wasted bullet" tax in Qey Shibir

Koxinga

- took Fort Zeelandia from Dutch Frederick Coyett and died in fit of madness when soldiers didn't kill his son for banging a wet nurse

David Kirke

- took over Newfoundland from Calvert family under Charles I - succeeded by John Treworgie

Bernard Coard

- took power in Grenada for three days after Bishop's death before being overthrown by Hudson Austin - member of New Jewel Movement

Barbara Palmer

- tore down Nonsuch Castle to pay for gambling debts and targeted by "The Poor-Whoore's Petition" after Bawdy House Riots

Bernhard Knipperdolling

- tortured and killed in metal cages near St. Lambert's Church - former mayor of Munster

Alexander Stamboliyski

- tortured by IMRO after June 9, 1923 coup - IMRO cut off his hand that signed Treaty of Nis and put his head in a box of biscuits

Saratov

- town near Volga where one can learn Stepan Razin's "secret" of class warfare

John Bagot Glubb

- trained and commanded Transjordan's Arab Legion under Abdullah and Hussein

Alonso de Ojeda

- traveled with Vespucci, who named Venezuela after houses of Wayuu people, which reminded him of Venice

Nassau Agreement (1962)

- treaty that ended US-UK dispute between JFK and Harold MacMillan about "Skybolt Crisis"

Bloody Assizes (1685)

- trials under Judge Jeffreys of 1400 people at Taunton; killed many and deported 800 to West Indies - fictionalized in Captain Blood by Sabatini

Hooghly River

- tributary of Ganges in West Bengal that flows into Bay of Bengal

Mohammed Oufkir

- tried to lead 1972 coup attempt against Hassan II - killed during Morocco's "years of lead"

Syrphax

- tyrant of Ephesus stoned to death along with his son Pelagon by Alexander - led city founded by Androclus

"Cotton Ed" Smith

- uber-racist senator from South Carolina - left 1936 DNC after seeing black priest - chewed tobacco in the Senate and proclaimed "white supremacy"

Ferdinand von Richthofen

- uncle of the Red Baron - named the Silk Road

Cary's Rebellion (1711)

- uprising in North Carolina against Governor Edward Hyde by Quakers

Twinkie Defense

- used by Dan White in killing George Moscone and Harvey Milk

Sing Sing Prison

- used silence-facilitated "Auburn System" - founded by Elam Lynds; last person killed here was Eddie Lee Mays

Lucius Domitius Domitianus

- usurper in Egypt (Alexandria) - tripping of Diocletian's horse saved him and city from total destruction

St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre (1572)

- victims include Petrus Ramus and Claude Goudimel - Francis Walsingham barely escaped this

Great Plague of London (1665-66)

- viewed by Robert Hooke, who also wrote Micrographia - led to increased consumption of tobacco because of rumor that sellers of it did not get sick

Harold G. Hoffman

- visited Bruno Hauptmann and was convinced of greater conspiracy - New Jersey governor from 1935-38

Cedomilj Mijatovic

- visited US on speaking tour with Emmeline Pankhurst when she gave "Freedom or Death" speech in Hartford, CT

John Caradja

- voivode of Wallachia who made Caragea law code and combatted plague by burying sick people alive

James Whistler

- was awarded one farthing in libel suit against John Ruskin regarding Nocturne in Black and Gold

Anikey Stroganov

- was granted land after Yermak's conquest of Siberia along Kama and Chusovaya Rivers

Franz Matt

- was not in Beer Hall in Munich with the rest of his Weimar associates - was meeting with Archbishop of Munich and future Pius XII - mobilized Sigmund von Imhoff and Jakob van Danner to put down putsch

Inga Falls

- waterfall on Congo River along with Boyoma Falls (Wageria Falls)

Nikolaus Storch

- weaver and preacher in Saxony - leader of Zwickau Prophets who worked closely with Thomas Muntzer

Cape Alava

- westernmost point on contiguous US - located with Cape Flattery (northwesternmost point) on Olympic Peninsula in Washington

Spurius Maelius

- wheat dealer whose ambitions led Cincinnatus to take up position of dictator in 439 BC

Yuk Young-Soo

- wife of Park Chung-Hee killed at Seoul Theater by Mun Se-Gwang, a Zainichi Korean

Alexander of Pherae

- won 364 BC battle over Pelopidas of Thebes at Cynoscephalae as leader of Thessaly - later lost to Epaminondas, who avenged Pelopidas

Philippe I, Duke of Orleans

- won Battle of Cassel in 1677 against William III of Orange - openly gay brother of Louis XIV

Yaqub al-Mansur

- won at Alarcos over Alfonso VIII - built Koutoubia Mosque in Marrakesh - Almohad caliph

Olympia Battalion

- wore white gloves to distinguish themselves in Plaza de las Tres Culturas during Tlatelolco Massacre, where Oriana Fallaci was wounded

Bobby Riggs

- wore yellow "Sugar Daddy" jacket and was given piglet by Billie Jean King at Astrodome

John Dalrymple, 1st Earl of Stair

- worked with Earl of Breadalbane to get concession from MacDonalds and Glengarry for 12000 pounds - led to Glencoe Massacre

Sir Robert Shirley

- worked with brothers to modernize army of Shah Abbas I and fight with Ottomans

London Matchgirls Strike (1888)

- workers went on strike led by Annie Besant and supported by Bradlaugh regarding effects of white phosphorus

Hercule de Roha, Duke of Montbazon

- wounded by Ravaillac during assassination of Henry IV

Howard Zinn

- wrestled with John K. Fairbank for microphone at meeting of American Historical Association - wrote A People's History of the United States praising socialism and progressive movements

Martin Niemoller

- wrote "First they came..." and wrote Stuttgart Declaration of Guilt about Holocaust on behalf of church

Theodore Weld

- wrote "Testimony of a Thousand Witnesses" about slavery after leaving Lane Seminary school to be abolitionist

Jose Vasconcelos

- wrote "The Anti-Reelectionist", which was sponsored by Madero - wrote about "cosmic race" (La Raza) and was minister of education under Obregon

Francesco Guicciardini

- wrote "The History of Italy" - averted attack on Florence, leading to Sack of Rome

William Allen White

- wrote "What's the matter with Kansas" in 1896 in Emporia Gazette - supported Committee to Defend America by Aiding the Allies in WWII

Algernon Sidney

- wrote Discourses Concerning Government - friend of Locke; implicated and killed for Rye House Plot

Carl von Clausewitz

- wrote about "remarkable trinity of motives" and "culminating point" in On War after Jena-Auerstadt

Robert Conquest

- wrote about Holodomor in The Harvest of Sorrow

Arthur Koestler

- wrote about seeing effects of Holodomor in The God that Failed, a book with essays by ex-Communists like Richard Wright and Andre Gide

Michael Kazin

- wrote biography of William Jennings Bryan called A Godly Hero

Carmine Pecorelli

- wrote column "shame on you, clowns!" to Christian Democrats after Moro's death - said P2 Lodge influenced Andreotti to not take action

Rajkumar Keswani

- wrote investigative pieces on Bhopal pre-disaster - said Bhopal "was on the edge of a volcano"

Junius Brutus Booth

- wrote letter to Andrew Jackson threatening murder unless he pardoned two pirates - said it was a "joke"

H.H. Asquith

- wrote letters to mistress Venetia Stanley - won 1920 Paisley by-election - called "Squiffy" for his alcoholism

Rufus Peckham

- wrote that "scope of police power has been reached and passed" in Lochner, which overturned Holder v. Hardy

First Earl of Clarendon

- wrote the History of the Rebellion about English Civil War while Lord Chancellor to Charles II

Mercy Otis Warren

- wrote under pen name "A Columbian Patriot" and wrote first history of US by a woman

Brunei Revolt (1962)

- A.M. Azahari failed to overthrow Oman Ali Saifuddien III; included Limbang Raid by rebel TNKU, where hostages sang "She'll be Coming Round the Mountain" so they would be found

Communist Insurgency in Sarawak (1962-90)

- Abdul Rahman Ya'kub ended long revolt in his province with peace accords with NKCB (ethnically Chinese)

Battle of Toro (1476)

- Afonso V of Portugal fought Ferdinand II of Aragon in War of Castilian Succession - led to Ferdinand's victory after Isabella of Castile claimed success

First Battle of Mantinea (418 BC)

- Agis II and Sparta defeated Laches of Argos during Archidamian part of Peloponnesian War

Morgan Report (1894)

- Alabama Senator exonerated John L. Stevens and led to Turpie Resolution by Indiana Senator

Bibb Graves

- Alabama governor from 1927-31 and 1935-39 who was member of KKK and pardoned some Scottsboro Boys

Koci Xoxe

- Albanian and pro-Yugoslavia politician executed by Hoxha - forced Nako Spiru to commit suicide

Charter of Carnaro

- Alceste de Ambris and d'Annunzio wrote this law for Fiume, which had 9 corporations with a tenth one called "heroes" and "supermen"

Kocgiri Uprising (1921)

- Alevi Kurd uprising brutally repressed by Nureddin Pasha, who was defended by Ataturk

Banda Mustafaj

- Alex, Billy, Fred, and Dino, a group of Albanian exiles, attempted to kill Hoxha in 1982 with funding from Leka, son of King Zog

Battle of Pandosia (331 BC)

- Alexander I of Epirus lost to and was killed by Lucanians

Radomir Rebellion (1918)

- Alexander Protogerov crushed Stamboliyski's revolt, but not before Tsar Ferdinand fled on a train

Battle of Demetritzes (1185)

- Alexios Branas under Isaac II Angelos defeated Normans under William the Good

Battle of Kalavrye (1078)

- Alexios Komnenos put down rebellion of Dyrrhacium governor Nikephoros Bryennios

Saltville Massacre (1864)

- Alfred E. Jackson killed hundreds of blacks under Stephen Burbridge in Virginia

Simon Girty

- American Irish colonial that joined Seneca - defeated by Richard Mentor Johnson's mother at Bryan Station, Kentucky

William N. Oatis

- American journalist imprisoned by Czechoslovakia on charges of espionage - released in 1953

Steve Pieczenik

- American terrorism expert who tried, along with Carlos the Jackal, to negotiate for Moro

Melchior Rink

- Anabaptist leader accused by Lutherans of starting German Peasants' War

Melchior Hoffman

- Anabaptist prophet who believed Strasbourg was "New Jerusalem"

Cellular Jail (Kala Pani)

- Andaman Islands political prison under British in Bay of Bengal

Battle of Point Pleasant (1774)

- Andrew Lewis defeated Chief Cornstalk in Lord Dunmore's War with help from George Matthews

Massacre of the Latins (1183)

- Andronikos Komnenos ordered massacre in Constantinople, ending with papal legate's head being dragged on the tail of a dog

Battle of Coutras (1587)

- Anne de Joyeuse killed and destroyed by Henry of Navarre in first battle of War of Three Henries

Wendish Crusade (1147)

- Anselm of Havelberg led Henry the Lion and Albert the Bear against pagan Slavs under Niklot

Nicanor the Elephant

- Antigonid general who commanded wing of Macedon army under Philip V at Cynoscephalae in 197 BC - overrun by 20 elephant and 20 maniple charge

Kelso Cochrane

- Antiguan immigrant murdered in London in 1959 - led to racially-focused Garvey Commission

Treaty of Triparadisus (321 BC)

- Antipater made himself leader of Macedon in place of disabled Philip III Arrhidaeus

Battle of Crannon (322 BC)

- Antipater of Macedon defeated Greeks under Leosthenes in Lamian War

Cellamare Conspiracy (1718)

- Antonio del Guidice and Giulio Alberoni tried to make Philip V regent of Louis XV instead of Philippe II, Duke of Orleans

First Battle of Dragoon Springs (1862)

- Apache under Cochise killed Sam Ford and defeated genocidal Confederate John Baylor in Arizona

Wola Massacre (1944)

- 40-50,000 people killed during Operation Tempest by Oskar Dirlewanger and Bronislav Kaminski

Acteal Massacre (1997)

- 45 members of pro-EZLN Las Abejas (The Bees) killed by "Red Mask" paramilitaries

1920 Nebi Musa Riots

- Arab-Jew violence involving later "Grand Mufti" Amin al-Husseini - occurred during Franco-Syrian War

Battle of Leuthen (1757)

- 7 Years' War battle where Frederick the Great defeat Charles Alexander of Lorraine and Leopold Joseph von Daun - Prussian army song "Now Thank we All our God" after this battle and Frederick II asked if he could get "a night's lodging" with the defeated Austrians

USS Pueblo (1968)

- 83 ship members captured by North Korea during Vietnam War - Lloyd Bucher was tortured and said "we pee on the DPRK"

Black Friday (1978)

- 89 protesters killed in Jaleh Square - reported on by Michel Foucault

Robert W. Service

- "Bard of the Yukon" who worked for Toronto Star in WWI and Balkan Wars

Hyperakroi

- "Hillsmen" faction led by Peisistratus - opposed political factions Paraloi and Pediakoi

John Marie Durst

- "Paul Revere of Texas"; veteran of New Orleans - children tutored by John H. Reagan

Notting Hill race riots (1958)

- "Teddy Boys" led riots in London against West Indians after attack on Majbratt Morrison

Cheddi Jagan

- "father of Guyana" - son of Indian immigrants and President of Guyana, succeeding Desmond Hoyte

George Cayley

- "father of aviation" and first person to understand underlying forces of flight

Sonderbund War (1847)

- "separate alliance" caused civil war in Switzerland

Markus Wolf

- #2 of Stasi under Mielke who controlled foreign intelligence operations

Daniel Webster Hoan

- 14-year Socialist mayor of Milwaukee - made first public busing in US and first public housing project in Garden Homes

The Description de l'Egypte

- 160 French "savants" accompanied Napoleon's invasion of Egypt and created encyclopedia based on it

Thomas Biddle

- 1812 war hero and brother of Nicholas - killed in duel with Spencer Pettis, a Missouri Congressman

Straperlo

- 1930s Spanish scheme to control roulette wheel with a button that led to Spanish Civil War

Emperor Taizong of Song

- 2nd Song Emperor - conquered Northern Han, ending Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period