history slavery chp 2

What do we learn about slavery from the story of Ayuba Sulieman Diallo of Bondu?

The experiences of captured slaves varied considerably according to the available resources, class level, and education of the slave.

Why did the British want to take over the slave trade in the late seventeenth century?

They had begun to establish sugar plantations in Brazil and needed labor.

How did masters treat enslaved Africans in the Americas?

They had to endure unsanitary conditions, insufficient nutrition, and constant hard labor, followed by brutal punishment such as whippings, brandings, and even worse torture.

How did the early Europeans usually obtain their supply of slaves?

They obtained their slaves through trade with native African tribes.

What happened to Africans after they crossed the Atlantic?

To avoid rebellion, slave traders split families and ethnic groups. They must be stripped nude to be examined for sickness and physical flaws. Those suitable for purchase were branded with iron carrying the company's trading symbol.

The Spanish and Portuguese dominated the early slave trade with the Africans. Which nation ousted them from this status in the early seventeenth century?

England

What happened to many Africans once they became slaves in Muslim society?

Many were freed or merged into Arab society.

What disease took the lives of most slaves while onboard the slave ships?

smallpox

Slave rebellions were a common experience on slave ships. How did slaves rebel or resist their imprisonment?

1. By refusing to eat 2. By drowning themselves 3. By organizing and carrying out bloody, violent rebellions.

Which of the following was a characteristic of a typical slave ship?

1. Slaves were separated by gender to prevent rebellion. 2. Slave captains packed their ships as tightly as possible to maximize profit. 3. Mortality rates were very high, due to unsanitary conditions and the rapid spread of disease.

What do we learn from the story of John Newton, a British slave ship captain?

1. Some devoutly Christian people never saw a contradiction between their jobs trading in human cargo and their religious beliefs. 2. Christians could be cruel, harsh slavers.

Europeans found native populations in the areas of North and South America. Why did they need labor from Africa?

1. The Native Americans quickly began to die in huge numbers from diseases imported by the Europeans. 2. Native Americans refused to be captured or work as slaves in fields or mines. 3. Europeans rapidly established cordial relationships with many native peoples, hoping to gain their cooperation voluntarily.

Which of the following was a difference between the lives and beliefs of the ships' crew and its human cargo?

African medicine was far more holistic than European medicine and stressed the interconnectedness of mind, spirit, and body.

Which of the following is not a reason why Africans enslaved other Africans and sold them to Europeans?

African tribes were forced under threat of annihilation or war to sell others to the Europeans

How did African women's experiences differ from African men's onboard slave ships?

African women experienced physical abuse by the ships' crews.

What steps did the Europeans take to reduce the risk of rebellion at the slave factories in Africa?

Families and ethnic groups were separated.

Where did most of the slaves from Africa go?

In Brazil, to work on the sugar plantations

How many slaves were the British able to transport to the Americas when the demand for slaves was the highest?

In the 1790s, the British moved approximately 50,000 slaves from Africa to the Americas.

Why did the Atlantic slave trade end?

In the late 1700's England industrializing economy was less dependent on the slave trade and the entire plantation system. England needed raw materials for its manufactured goods. Ruling classes realized that more profits lay in industry and other forms of trade, while leaving Africa.

Until the early sixteenth century, for what were the early slaves captured by the Portuguese used?

Labor in the sugar cane fields of North America

How was work divided among the slaves during seasoning in the West Indies?

Masters generally split the slaves into several gangs, with the strongest men doing the heaviest work, the older slaves and women doing weeding, and children assisting in light tasks.

Which European country took the lead in exploration and colonization in the early 1400s?

Portugal

Who was the first known Portuguese merchant to begin to formally trade for slaves with the Africans?

Ruy do Siqueira

What was seasoning, and why was it used?

Seasoning, also known as The Seasoning, was a period of adjustment that slave traders and slave owners put African slaves to once they arrived in the Americas.

Many slaves were sold once they reached the West Indies. What was typical of the sale process?

Slavers allowed the slaves some time to rest and recuperate before sale.

the four factors for successful seasoning of slaves in the Americas.

Survival, adaptation, language, and physiology.

What does the level of resistance at sea tell you about Africans' attitudes toward enslavement?

The Africans would have been rathered, died then became a slave.

Until the early 1500s, the European demand for slaves was relatively low. What changed that?

The discovery of the New World by Christopher Columbus and the need for labor on the European agricultural plantations.

Which statement about the nature of the Islamic slave trade prior to European entry is true?

The Islamic slave trade was not based primarily on race.

What do we learn from the story written by Olaudah Equiano, a former slave?

The middle passage was an incredibly difficult experience for Africans, torn from their homes and families and forced into horrifying conditions.

Why were Creole slaves valued more than other slaves? How were their lives different from other slaves?

The newly arrived slaves were seasoned to be like the creole slaves since they were already accustomed and more familiar with the European language.

Which of the following best describes "seasoning" for the newly arrived slaves?

The process of becoming accustomed to, and learning new skills for, their lives in the Americas.

How did a planter decide if a slave had been "seasoned"?

The slave seemed psychologically stable and did not participate in armed rebellion or suicide attempts.

How did an African become a slave?

Their town or village was conquered by another African army.

Why were Creoles, or older Africans, considered more valuable than new arrivals?

They generally were more familiar with the European languages.

Why did disease spread so rapidly on slave ships?

body fluids, common spoons and bowls, tightly packed