history unit 2 test review

Consumption patterns were most influenced by

Advertising/Transportation and influenced by social values, technological developments and urbanization, which often promote consumption by creating new needs and aspirations.

What was the intended purpose of Americanization programs?

Americanization, in the early 20th century, activities that were designed to prepare foreign-born residents of the United States for full participation in citizenship. It aimed not only at the achievement of naturalization but also at an understanding of and commitment to principles of American life and work.

How did mass culture signify a change in American life?

Americans became more alike in their purchasing

The Sherman Antitrust Act outlawed

Antitrust Act was the first Federal act that outlawed monopolistic business practices. The Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 was the first measure passed by the U.S. Congress to prohibit trusts.

Explains trends in European immigration to the United States after 1910.

Escaping religious, racial, and political persecution, or seeking relief from a lack of economic opportunity or famine still pushed many immigrants out of their homelands.

What is the responsibility of the man of wealth?

Extremely wealthy Americans like himself had a responsibility to spend their money in order to benefit the greater good. In other words, the richest Americans should actively engage in philanthropy and charity in order to close the widening gap between rich and poor.

List the accomplishments of US immigrants in the late 1800s.

Generated significant economic benefits for today's population, including significantly higher incomes, less poverty, less unemployment, more urbanization, and higher educational attainment.

pullman strike

George M. Pullman refused to meet with workers to hear their requests for higher wages, lower rents, and better working conditions. In protest, Pullman workers walked off the job on May 11, 1894.

How did many new immigrants settling in United States cities in the early 1900s react to discrimination?

Immigrants sought out people who shared their same cultural values, practiced their religion and spoke their native language. They formed social clubs, aid societies; build churches, orphanages and homes.

The rapid expansion of industry in the United States in the late nineteenth century led directly to which of the following changes in American society?

Industrial industry, railroad industry, factories, oil, and steel industries.

The federal government formed the Interstate Commerce Commission to oversee

Interstate Commerce Act created an Interstate Commerce Commission to oversee the conduct of the railroad industry. With this act, the railroads became the first industry subject to Federal regulation.

What helped fuel economic growth by encouraging people to buy American goods?

Protective tariffs and steam began to be used as an energy source, and natural resources.

Who began the American Federation of Labor?

Samuel Gompers

In the late 1800s, which idea was used most often to justify the elimination of business competition?

Social darwinism

homestead strike

The Homestead Strike was a violent labor dispute between the Carnegie Steel Company and many of its workers that occurred in 1892 in Homestead, Pennsylvania. They did this to protest a proposed wage cut.

According to Carnegie, how should wealth be administered?

The wealthy should use their money to benefit society while they are still alive. He embodied this philosophy thoroughly, giving away about 90% of his wealth during his lifetime.

in the late 1800s, why did workers tolerate poor wages and working conditions?

They could be replaced easily and needed the money.

What were the travel accommodations for most immigrants to the United States?

They were dirty, crowded and unhealthy.

Chinese Exclusion Act

This was a set of laws that barred Chinese immigration for 10 years and prevented Chinese already in the country from becoming citizens.

Haymarket Riot

This was a violent confrontation between police and labor protesters in Chicago that dramatized the labor movement's struggle for recognition. Radical unionists had called a mass meeting in Haymarket Square to protest police brutality in a strike action.

Which innovation extended the number of hours in a day that Americans could work and play?

electricity

Reasons that contributed most to the immigration in the late 1880s.

people in many parts of the world decided to leave their homes and immigrate to the United States. Fleeing crop failure, land and job shortages, rising taxes, and famine, many came to the U. S. because it was perceived as the land of economic opportunity.

Rural-to-urban migration was primarily motivated by

primarily motivated by the conclusion of the Civil War, the end of slavery, and the onset of the Industrial Revolution

Traditionally, immigrants had come to America for economic opportunity and

religious freedom

List "push" factors for immigration.-

religious persecution, famine, conflict, war/violence

Why did most new immigrants live in cities?

to be close to industrial jobs

In which system does one company control the businesses that make up all phases of a product's development?

vertical integration