history unit 6
lincoln's stance on slavery in 1858 during lincoln-douglas debates
"a house divided cannot stand" lincoln did not recognize political or social equality between the races all men regardless of race can enjoy the fruits of labor opposed expansion of slavery into the west argued that founding fathers had set the nation in a course towards the extinction of slavery
main ideas in lincoln's first inaugural address
-lincoln thought that southerners should not worry about the protection of their "domestic institutions" including slavery bc it will make the country stronger if they just got rid of it -the union is perpetual when we are a strong and united body -the laws in the union apply to everyone, bc you can't truly secede from the union, can't go against them, no bloodshed -secession is the "essence of anarchy" Pledged not to abolish slavery, questioned the democratic nature of secession, said the fed. Govt. would not assail the South.
lincoln's 10% plan
10% of eligible voters in seceded states who had pledge allegiance to the union, would elect a new government and that gov't would abolish slavery. whoever was in charge during secession, you're out of a job
"Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction."
13th amendment
lincoln douglas debates
1858 Senate Debate, Lincoln forced Douglas to debate issue of slavery, Douglas supported pop-sovereignty, Lincoln asserted that slavery should not spread to territories, Lincoln emerged as strong Republican candidate
13th amendment
1865. Amendement abolishing and continually prohibiting slavery. With limited exception, such as those guilty of comitting a crime, it also prevents indentured servitude
copperheads
A group of northern Democrats who opposed abolition and sympathized with the South during the Civil War, southern born people living in northern states, those who opposed the draft, emancipation and northern democrats, dissent turned into open violence i.e. nyc draft riots
confederate states of america
A republic formed in February of 1861 and composed of the eleven Southern states that seceded from the United States
jefferson davis
An American statesman and politician who served as President of the Confederate States of America for its entire history from 1861 to 1865
why did some southern states secede from the union following lincoln's election in 1860?
Because Abe Lincoln became president, the souhtern states feared he would Abolish slavery and they whould have no voice in the government. They wanted an equal number of slave verses free states.
robert e lee
Confederate general who had opposed secession but did not believe the Union should be held together by force, Appointed command of the Confederate Army in 1862 during the Civil War. Despite his skill he was forced to surrender to Ulysses S Grant at Appomattox Courthouse in 1865.
alexander stephens
He was the vice-president of the Confederacy until 1865 when it was defeated and destroyed by the Union. Like the other leaders of the Confederacy, he was under indictment for treason.
south's unconditional surrender
Lincoln insisted on the south unconditional surrender so that he could dictate the terms of peace to guarantee the preservation of the union and to abolish slavery
election of 1860
Lincoln, the Republican candidate, won because the Democratic party was split over slavery. As a result, the South no longer felt like it has a voice in politics and a number of states seceded from the Union. *turning point*
Explain the reason why the Democratic Party split during the Election of 1860.
Northern Democrats supported popular sovereignty; Southern Democrats demanded federal protection of slavery
battle of Gettysburg
Turning point of the War that made it clear the North would win. 50,000 people died, and the South lost its chance to invade the North.
charles sumner
anti slavery senator who denounced pro slavery violence in Kansas
ulysses s grant
began a "war of attrition" against Lee's army in VA, "butcher of men"-relentless, keeps sending men, an American general and the eighteenth President of the United States (1869-1877). He achieved international fame as the leading Union general in the American Civil War.
clement vallandigham
congressman, openly sympathized with the confed, spoke against lincoln's actions, rile people up against lincoln but speaking, not doing anything, just writing. arrested and deported to the confederacy
writ of habeas corpus
court order that requires a person under arrest to be brought before a judge or into court, it ensures that a prisoner can be released if there is insufficient evidence to hold him or her
...an increasing hostility on the part of the nonslaveholding states to the institution of slavery has led to a disregard of their obligations...We, therefore, the people of South Carolina...have solemnly declared that the union heretofore existing between this state and the other states of North America, is dissolved.
declaration of secession
Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854
declared that the status of slavery in Kansas and Nebraska territories would be decided by popular sovereignty, generated opposition throughout the north bc came from anti slavery northerns, why are we opening this up? gov't elected whether or not slavery is allowed in territories it should be left to the people
fort sumter
federal fort located in charleston, sc, major robert anderson refused to surrender the fort to the confederacy, but was forced to surrnder it after confederate soldiers attacked it, lincoln then declared a state of insurrection in the south and called upon militias to suppress it
war of attrition
fight until enemies give up, to death, until one side can't take it anymore
"In your hands, my dissatisfied fellow-countrymen, and not in mine, is the momentous issue of civil war. The Government will not assail you. You can have no conflict without being yourselves the aggressors."
first inaugural
"that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain -- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom -- and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth."
gettysburg address
significance of the emancipation proclamation
it was a last result, kept peace with great britain, removed what caused the war, tried to destroy southern work force, needed to raise northern morale, slaves were needed in north to help fight
NYC draft riots
july 1863, opposition to the draft and the substitute policy-"rich man's war, poor man's fight" mobs of people assaulted draft offices, the homes of wealthy republicans who feel benefit from the substitution policy, facories and the city's black population, union troops were called to restore order, but over 100 people died
pottawatomie creek massacre
kansas, group of anti-slavery poeople went there and in retailiation for lawrence raid, killed five people
crittenden compromise
last attempt to prevent secession*, 1860 - attempt to prevent Civil War by Senator Crittenden - offered a Constitutional amendment recognizing slavery in the territories south of the 36º30' line, noninterference by Congress with existing slavery, and compensation to the owners of fugitive slaves - defeated by Republicans
william t Sherman
led the "march to sea" in november, general whose march to sea caused destruction to the south
how did south carolina justify its decision to secede?
lincoln had been elected without southern support, they had the legal ability to, government never helped them with slaves, never treated their state fairly, didn't protect their right equally
emancipation proclamation
lincoln proceeded with caution-doubt, needed victory:position of strength, waited until public opinion was in favor slaves played a big role-started demonstrating military value, run away to union lines, sabotaging plantations it was needed to save the union-boost northern morale, slaves would add to army, substract man power *controversy- technically no one was free, freed blacks could join the armed services of the us, stand with union or fall against****
suspension of habeas corpus
lincoln's opinion -feared that northerners sympathetic to the southern cause would interfere with his war measure-i.e. parte merry man-suspected of blowing up bridge in maryland to prevent union troops from passing, clement vallandigham-openly sympathized w/ con fed, spoke against lincoln's actions riles people up against lincolln but speaking not doing anything, arrested and deported not constitutional, doing away with court system, no reason or justification for doing it "state of emergency"-but nothing defines it clear indications that union was impaired, wanted public support
harpers ferry
location of a federal arsenal, wanted to give weapons to virginia slaves to kill slave owners
gettysburg address
make sure they didn't die in vein, died to end slavery, new birth of freedom, freedom of slaves
battle of antietam
maryland, union army forces lee's army out of northern territory, victory in that union army is able to do this, defeat bc they can't capture Lee, general mcclellan, Civil War battle in which the North suceedeed in halting Lee's Confederate forces in Maryland. Was the bloodiest battle of the war resulting in 25,000 casualties
republican party
northern whigs, anti slavery democrats, free soilers, know nothings, free labor ideology, "know nothings"-american party nativist party=anti immigrant
dred scott decision
only white people could be cictizens of the us scott remained a slave even if he lived in a free state congress did not have the power to bar slavery form a territory great victory for south**** slavery allowed everywhere
"bleeding sumner"
preston brooks beat him up with a cane, representative from south carolina
stephen douglas
proposed kansas-nebraska act of 1854, democratic candidate for senate, argued against lincoln, supported "popular sovereignty"-decision left to settlers
john brown
radical abolitionist who employed violent means to push for abolition and justified his actions using religious rhetoric pottawatomie creek massacre harpers ferry martyr vs terrorist north-martyr-punished for wanting something good, suffers a lot for his cuase, think south ae murderers south-terrorist- not fair, murdering people for no reason, sees the north is willing to take violent action
"With malice toward none; with charity for all...let us strive on to finish the work we are in; to bind up the nation's wounds..."
second inaugural
popular sovereignty
slavery would be voted on by the settlers of the state, gave more power to the states than the government, which divided the country, stephen douglas was a big supporter
"bleeding kansas"
sporadic state of civil war in kansas between pro and anti slavery settlers in 1856 spark" "border ruffians" and recognition of pro slavery government in Kansas lawrence raid and pottawatomie creek massacre, murder 5 pro slavery supporters popular sovereignty wasn't working very well
john merryman
suspected of blowing up bridge in maryland to prevent union troops from passing, caught tried sentenced on e of many southern sympathizers that could do this: blow things up, spy, etc. was the petitioner in one of the best known habeas corpus cases of the American Civil War, a militia officer during the Civil War, and a Maryland politician.
lincoln's second inaugural address
tone-forgiving, honest, humble admitted war was about slavery, north and south agree on everything except for slavery, same bible,etc. slavery "ended" before the war civil war is god's punishment for the sin of slavery, rightfully deserved by all, no hard feelings, north and south are equals, only thing changed is slavery, america was willing to forgive the south, move on
john wilkes booth
was an American stage actor who, as part of a conspiracy plot, assassinated Abraham Lincoln, the 16th President of the United States, at Ford's Theatre in Washington, D.C. on April 14, 1865.
