History World War 1
___ was the director of the Committee on Public Information.
George Creel
U-boat
German submarine
How did the war change America's role in the world affairs?
It made America the largest creditor nation, meaning that other countries owed us more than we owed them.
NAWSA
National American Woman Suffrage Association; founded in 1890 to help women win the right to vote. They supported America's war objectives, this made the NAWSA double in size.
an anarchist who was convicted of murder
Nicola Sacco
Espionage Act
Passed in June 1917 this act allowed postal authorities to ban treasonable or seditious newspapers, magazines, or printed materials for the mail.
reparations
Payment for war damages
Fear of Comunism
Red Scare
World War I impacted the American economy in what way?
Regulation Increased
Senator Henry Cabot Lodge
Republican foreign policy expert who was left out of the League of Nations because President Wilson didn't like him. This angered Republicans who controlled the Senate at the time but when Wilson showed up in France crowds cheered for him unlike they had for any King or Emperor before a reporter said.
In November of 1917 ...
Russian communists (the Bolsheviks) gained control of Russia
The ___ authorized a military draft.
Selective Service Act
Republican President
Warren G. Harding
When World War I began, President Wilson wanted the United States to remain neutral because of the nation's
ethnic diversity
The postwar period was difficult for farmers because:
falling food prices
influenza
flu
convoy
group of merchant ships protected by warships
contraband
illegal weapons and other goods used to fight a war
Rising prices
inflation
a potentially deadly viral illness was:
influenza
Where did American troops do the most fighting?
on the Western Front
conscientious objector
people whose moral or religious beliefs forbid them to fight in wars
In 1920, American voters elected a President who promised
to return to simpler times.
American internationalists thought that the United States should
use its influence to try to end the war.
(Wilson's ideas for peace) Open diplomacy
was a proposal that failed
In March of 1918 ...
The treaty of Brest-Litovsk ends the war between Germany and Russia. The Great German offensive ends.
How did alliances between European countries lead to war?
The war spread quickly over a six-week period in the summer of 1914 as one nation after another declared war on another because of the alliances
Why did conscientious objectors oppose the war?
Their moral or religious beliefs did not allow conscientious objectors to fight in the war
The "irreconcilables"
These isolationist senators opposed any treaty that had a League of Nations folded into it.
What was the effect of the Sedition Act?
It limited freedom of speech
a country that owes less money than it is owed
creditor nation
Sequence the events that led the U.S. Senate to not ratify ending World War I.
1) Different countries wanted different deals 2) Irreconcilables opposed it 3) Reservationists opposed the treaty
What happened once the war began? (what was built, what was the warfare like)
1) Each side built trenches this was known as trench warfare 2) A stalemate developed and the war dragged on for years 3) New military technology led to millions of casualties
What were the four main reasons the U.S joined the war?
1) Germany's 1914 brutal invasion of Belgium 2) The 1915 sinking of the Lusitania 3) In 1917, the Zimmerman Note 4) Germany's unrestricted submarine warfare in the Atlantic
Who opposed World War I?
1) Many German-Americans and Irish Americans 2) Conscientious objectors 3) Some women (mothers)
What are the 5 main reason for the cause of World War I?
1) Nationalism 2) Militarism 3) Imperialism 4) The alliances between European countries 5) The assassination in 1914 of Arch Duke Franz Ferdinand
What three steps did the US take to mobalize?
1) Selective Service authorized a draft 2) WIB regulated all wartime industry 3) CPI worked to convince Americans that the war was a just cause
What kind of social change did WWI have?
1) The war created many new jobs for women 2) Women eventually got the right to vote because they proved them selves in the factories 3) Mexicans moved across the boarder to take farm and factory jobs in the West
About how many American troops served in combat during World War I?
1,300,000
The Zimmerman
1917 - Germany sent this note to Mexico (the Zimmerman) proposing an alliance with them. It also said that if the U.S declared war on Germany, Mexico would declare war on the U.S
The Lusitania
A British passenger ship that was sunk by a German U-Boat on May 7, 1915. 128 Americans died. The sinking greatly turned American opinion against the Germans, helping the move towards entering the war.
Bernard Baruch
A Wall Street broker before being chosen by President Wilson in 1918 to head the War Industries Board. He helped the U.S. Manage war production.
George Creel
A formal journalist and Head of the Committee on Public Information, his job was to promote the war effort in WWI
inflation
A general and progressive increase in prices
What were the problems Americans faced immediately after the war?
A influenza or flu started to spread. There was also a lot of inflation, raids, and a fear of possible communists and radicles. There were also less available jobs.
Who was the heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary
Francis Ferdinand
The Fourteen Points
A series of proposals in which U.S. president Woodrow Wilson outlined a plan for achieving a lasting peace without victory after World War I.
the Palmer Raids
A series of raids in 1920, police arrested thousands of people, some who were radicals and some who were simply immigrants from Southern or Eastern Europe.
Define emergence
A showing up of, the root of the word is emerge meaning come into view. A synonym is exposure.
League of Nations
A world organization established in 1920 to promote international cooperation and peace. It was first proposed in 1918 by President Woodrow Wilson, the United States never joined the League.
Alliances
Allies-people, nations or groups joined together in a common cause.
Who became the richest country after World War I
America
In June of 1917 ...
American troops reached France
Franz Ferdinand
Archduke of Austria-Hungary assassinated by a Serbian who believed Bosnia rightfully belonged to Serbia. Was a large factor for the start of WW1
In November of 1918 ...
Armistice ends the war at 11:00 a.m
Why did the "irreconcilables" oppose the treaty to end World War I?
Because they believed that the US should not get caught up in world organizations.
___ was the head of the War Industries Board.
Bernard Baruch
How did World War I contribute to the Great Migration?
By creating jobs in the North.
What did convoys contribute to the success of the Allies?
Convoys helped the Allies because we could give them more materials. This is because U-boat attacks were much less likely on merchant ships, thanks to the convoys.
Kaiser William II
Emperor of Germany who said he would support Austria-Hungary if war broke out. When war did break out this alliance caused Serbia to call on their alliances with other countries, which caused a much bigger war.
The ___ banned certain printed materials.
Espionage Act
The role of women growing an effect of World War I caused ...
Fewer jobs after the war
Jeannette Rankin
First woman elected to the United States House of Representatives and the first female member of Congress. A Republican and a lifelong pacifist, she and 49 other Congress members voted against declaring was on Germany in 1917. Then in 1941 she was the only Congress member to vote against going to war with Japan.
The ___ was a movement of African Americans to cities in the North.
Great Migration
Why did Harding win the 1920 presidential election?
He called for a return to normalcy and he campaigned against Wilson's ideas
(Wilson's ideas for peace) Self-determination
In Europe and in the Middle East, ethnic groups are clustered together randomly
The Paris Peace Conference denied self-determination to the people of ___.
Iraq
(Wilson's ideas for peace) Move toward ending colonialism
Iraq is attached to Great Britain as a new colony
How did World War I change the lives of American women?
It broadened job opportunities for women.
Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti
Italian Immigrants and known anarchists who were charged with the shooting and killing of two men during a holdup at a shoe factory in a town near Boston. The Eyewitnesses said that the robbers looked Italian and apparently that was enough for the court to put these two in the electric chair.
Vladimir Lenin
Leader of the communist revolutionaries - the Bolsheviks - in Russia (the Soviet Union).
(Wilson's ideas for peace) League of Nations today known as the United Nations
Military alliance The League of Nations is established, but the US Congress rejects joining it and thus weakens it
The Great Migration
Movement of over 1.2 million African Americans from the rural south into Northern cities between 1914 and 1920. The North was referred to as the "Land of Hope".
What were the aims of the Fourteen Points?
The 14 points attempted to create world peace while giving everyone more freedom. They also advocated self determination and the creation of a League of Nations.
CPI
The CPI or the Committee on Public Information had to inform the public about the causes and nature of war. They were also trying to convince the public that the war was a good thing and it was necessary.
What was the purpose of the Committee on Public Information (CPI)?
The CPI worked to convince Americans that the war was a just cause
What was the result of the U.S Senate's refusal to approve the Treaty of Versailles?
The League of Nations was ineffective
The Red Scare an effect of World War I caused ...
The Palmer Raids and the execution of Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti
President Warren G. Harding
The President after Woodrow Wilson who put an end to the League of Nations as he was a Republican. He campaigned of a rejection of Wilson's beliefs, and he won by a land slide.
What section of the French border was critical to winning the war?
The Western Front
Selective Service Act
The act which Congress passed in May 1917 it authorized a draft of young men for military service in Europe
Militarism
The process when a country makes their military stronger and better than its current status. Or Glorification of the military
self-determination
The right of the people to chose their own form of government
The "reservationists"
This group was lead by Henry Cabot Lodge and were opposed to the treaty as it was written. They would point out little critics like how they thought Article 10 was too vague, when most people thought it could lead us into war.
(Wilson's ideas for peace) Freedom of seas and free trade
This proposal failed
Why did African Americans move to the North during the Great Migration?
To escape racism and find better jobs
Conserve means to...
To keep from wasting
In March of 1917 ...
U-boat war intensifies in the Atlantic
What are German submarines called?
U-boats
Irreconcilables
US senators who opposed the League of Nations in any form.
Inflation an effect of World War I caused ...
Worker's to strike and farmer's suffer
The Red Scare
a wave of widespread fear of suspected communists and radicals thought to be plotting revolution within the United States.
People who refused military service for moral reasons were called ___
conscientious objectors
What was one cause of labor strikes in 1919?
rising prices
Define mutual
shared
casualty
soldiers killed, wounded, and missing
What was the name of the British passenger ship?
the Lusitania
Which nation was the world's economic leader after World War I
the United States
What was the immediate cause of the U.S. entry into World War I
the Zimmerman Note
Which event was most influential in turning American public opinion against Germany?
the invasion of Belgium