HIV/AIDS Education for Health Care Professionals
How is HIV monitored (what levels are measured)?
T-cells (CD4); percent CD4; viral load
Why is it important to understand the patient's emotional status?
Affects the person's ability to manage disease.
How is HIV transmitted in healthcare?
contaminated needle sticks or sharps injury going into a soft body part, blood exposure via eyes/nose/mouth, blood exposure via non intact skin
Fragile
easy to destroy/ kill
What percentage of HIV positive people no not know that they have HIV?
25%
HAART involves a minimum of how many drugs?
3
How many stages of HIV infection are there?
3
How many people are infected with HIV: Worldwide/in the U.S.?
33.4 million worldwide 1.17 million in the U.S.
By 2015, what percent of HIV infections are predicted to be in people over age 50?
50%
Drug Resistance
A medicine that doesn't work anymore
mucous membrane
A tissue that lines a body cavity
What does AIDS stand for?
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
What are the reporting requirement for HIV/AIDS?
All full blown AIDS cases are reportable by that persons name. Labs must report results of HIV pertinent tests. Confidential testing sites are required to report the names HIV patients.
What are the symptoms of AIDS?
Anorexia, weightless, fatigue, nausea, committing, oral soars, dysophagia (difficulty swallowing), pain, impaired mobility, vision loss, sexual dysfunction.
What is the role of the HIV counselor?
Assessing the pt's risk for HIV infection and knowledge of HIV transmission Assessing the pt's well-being in handling a negative or positive result
When should healthcare workers perform hand hygiene?
Before eating, after using the restroom, before and after working with patients.
Pre-natal
Before giving birth
What kind of cells does HIV invade and how does it do it?
CD4/T-cells; the virus releases its blueprints into the call and tricks the cell into producing more viruses. the virus replicates 10 billion times a day
CD4 or T Cell
Cell that is infected by HIV
What do the HIV rapid antibody tests do?
Check for HIV antibody results, are available in 20 mins.
What is an HIV positive person required to do?
Disclose HIV positive status to sex and needle sharing partners.
What are the objectives of drug treatments for HIV?
Decrease viral load, increase the CD4 count, ,monitoring both levels ensures drug effectiveness, slowing viral replication prevents further damage.
What are Engineering Controls?
Equipment or tools provided by the employer to reduce the risk of exposure, such as, containment devices, barriers, sharps containers, hand sanitizers, etc...
Containment device
Equipment using for contaminated things enclosed/contained
What are the 6 types of drugs used to treat HIV infections?
Fusion inhibitors, nucleoside and non-nucleoside. reverse transcriptase inhibitors, CCR5 inhibitors, protease inhibitors, interfrase inhibitors combinations.
What does HIPAA stand for, and what is another name for it?
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act Privacy Rule
What should a person do after discovering their HIV positive status?
Get into care as soon as possible.
How does HAART affect the death rate?
HAART decreases the death rate of people with HIV
Name the 5 federal laws that protect people with disabilities from discrimination.
HIPAA, ADA, Civil Rights Restoration Acts, Federal Rehabilitation Act, Fair Housing Amendment
How does HIV affect the immune system?
HIV damages the immune system. it takes over the t-cells and wears them down.
How does HIV addict the risk for heart disease, diabetes, and dementia?
HIV increased the risk for heart disease, diabetes and dementia
How long does HIV survive outside the body?
HIV is a fragile virus, doesn't live long outside the body, and dies within minutes.
What information regarding HIV is considered confidential by law?
HIV testing requests and tests, regardless of the outcome.
What are 3 examples of bloodborne pathogens?
HIV, Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV)
What is the easiest way to precent infection?
Hand Hygiene
Who receives Post-Exposure prophylaxis treatment and for how many days?
Healthcare workers who have been exposed to HIV on the job through substantial exposure, give for 28 days.
What does HAART stand for?
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy
Death Rate
How many people die over time
Infection Rate
How many people get infected over time
Survival Rate
How many people survive over time
What does HIV stand for?
Human Immunodeficiency virus
What are 3 reasons why HIV is difficult to treat?
It is a virus tough to treat with meds. it replicates at a high rate (10 billion per day) it mutates.
PPE (Personal Protective Equipment)
Items you wear on your body for protection
What are the 4 factors that help determine whether HIV is likely to be transmitted?
Large quantity of fluid, device visibility contaminated with blood, hollow bone needles, high viral load of source patient.
HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act)
Law that governs privacy and confidentiality in healthcare
What are the requirements in case of workplace exposure?
Must be documented with name, date, time and place. Report to pubic health, determines if testing is justified.
Negative
Negative: ignorance, prejudice, discrimination, no empathy, poor communication, refusal to treat, making assumptions, negative outlook, insensitive (No regard) for patients self-esteem) labeling the patient.
What are the partner notification requirements?
Newly diagnosed HIV positive persons are required to seek all sexual and needle sharing partners and share their HIV positive status to those partners.
Can HIV be cured? or Treated?
No it can't be cured. Yes it can be treated.
What is the basic rule of confidentiality?
No person may disclose or be compelled to describe confidential information without the written consent of the person to whom it relates.
What are the limitations of HAART?
Not a cure, lifelong treatment, long term side effects, drug resistance.
Confidential
Not sharing private information
Viral Load
Number of viruses in the blood
OPIM
Other Potentially Infectious Material
What are testing rules for pregnant women?
Part of standard, pre-natal care/ HIV antibody testing is part of routine prenatal care.
What factors should be considered when examining the patient's symtoms experience?
Patient perception of symptoms, patient response to system, patients and providers evaluations of symptoms.
Who is required by federal law to undergo mandatory HIV testing?
People in the military.
Consent
Permission/Agreement
What positive experiences with healthcare providers did the people on the panel have?
Positive: doctor gave a hug (comfort/compassion). knowledgeable provider treated patient as a person. took time to answer patients questions.
Blood transfusion
Receiving blood donated from another person
What can HAART do?
Slow down viral replication, decrease viral load allowing CD4 cells to increase, stronger immune system.
Contaminated
Soiled with body fluids or germs
If a patient is tested for HIV voluntarily, what are 2 ways in which consent much be obtained?
Specific & Informed.
Immune System
System of the body that protects us from disease
Mandatory testing
Testing done by your choice
Voluntary Testing
Testing done by your choice
What are the Federal and State requirements for sharps/needles?
That they have safety devices.
What is ADA, and why does it apply to people with HIV/AIDS?
The ADA protects the access to services for people with disabilities. HIV is a disability under federal law.
AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome)
The disease caused by HIV
What does HIV negative mean?
The person could be infected, but not yet have produced antibodies to show up on the test.
HAART (Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy)
The treatment for HIV
Viral Replication
The virus making copies of itself
HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)
The virus that causes AIDS
What does the symptom management model consider?
The whole person, the person's environment including family and housing, the person's health and illness.
When is a person considered to have AIDS?
When their CD4 count is less than 200.
What is the HIV window period? How long is it?
Time it takes to develop antibodies to HIV - up to 3 months from the time of exposure.
Why is it important to understand the patients functional status?
To promote independence.
Discrimination
Treating somebody different based on race, disability, religion, sexuality, gender, age, sexual orientation
In case of exposure to Hepatitis B, what is the risk for infection if; unvaccinated vs. vaccinated?
Unvaccinated; 6-30% vaccinated; 0%
What does i mean to have a non detectable viral load?
Viral load is lower than 50 and can't be measured.
What are some state laws that protect people with HIV/AIDS from discrimination?
WA human rights commission guidelines, WA state omnibus act
What are the steps for cleaning up spill form blood borne pathogens?
Wear PPE, absorb fluid, clean thoroughly, disinfect, air dry, containment of waster, hand hygiene.
If a person test positive using the tests above, what is the next test which needs to be done to confirm the results?
Western blot test
What are the components of Symptoms Management? Who is the best to evaluate those components?
Who, What, Where, How, When. Evaluated by a nurse.
What are Work Practice Controls? List examples?
Written policies reducing exposure for all healthcare providers, safe handling of sharps, separation of food from body substances, hand hygiene, use of HPE.
bloodborne pathogen
a disease causing germ that is in blood and body fluids
Intact skin
healthy skin, no injuries or cuts
Opportunistic infection
infection that invades that body because the immune system is damaged
What are opportunistic infections?
infections that invade the body because the immune system is damaged
How is HIV not transmitted?
mosquito bites, hugging/kissing, casual contact, restrooms, swimming pools
Non-intact skin
open skin, broken skin and cuts
What do HIV/AIDS patients die from?
opportunistic infections
What does PPE stand for? List examples of PPE.
personal protective equipment (gloves, masks, goggles)
What are standard precautions? When and where should they be practiced?
precautions that a healthcare worker takes from all patients and in all healthcare settings to prevent contact with blood born pathogens
Post-exposure prophylaxis
preventative treatment given immediately after exposure
Washington state law requires mandatory HIV testing when people are convicted for what 3 main criminal offenses?
sex carriers, drug crimes including needles, prostitution
Why is the infection rate in IV drug users going down?
the needle exchange program
What are 6 ways in which HIV can be transmitted in the community?
unprotected sex, sharing needles, birth, breast milk, blood exposure, blood transfusion before 1985
