HIV/AIDS Questions
A patient treated for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection for 6 years has developed fat redistribution to the trunk, with wasting of the arms, legs, and face. What instructions will the nurse give to the patient? Teach about the benefits of daily exercise. Discuss a change in antiretroviral therapy. Talk about treatment with antifungal agents. Review foods that are higher in protein.
Discuss a change in antiretroviral therapy.
Eight years after seroconversion, a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patient has a CD4+ cell count of 800/µL and an undetectable viral load. What is the priority nursing intervention at this time? Encourage adequate nutrition, exercise, and sleep. Discuss likelihood of increased opportunistic infections. Teach about the effects of antiretroviral agents. Monitor for symptoms of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
Encourage adequate nutrition, exercise, and sleep.
A patient who is diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) tells the nurse, "I feel obsessed with thoughts about dying. Do you think I am just being morbid?" Which response by the nurse is best? "Can you tell me more about the kind of thoughts that you are having?" "Do you think that taking an antidepressant might be helpful to you?" "Thinking about dying will not improve the course of AIDS." "It is important to focus on the good things about your life now."
"Can you tell me more about the kind of thoughts that you are having?"
According to the Center for Disease Control (CDC) guidelines, which personal protective equipment will the nurse put on when assessing a patient who is on contact precautions for diarrhea caused by Clostridium difficile (select all that apply)? Mask Eye protection Gloves Gown Shoe covers
Gloves Gown
Which nursing action will be most useful in assisting a college student to adhere to a newly prescribed antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen? Give the patient detailed information about possible medication side effects. Check the patient's class schedule to help decide when the drugs should be taken. Encourage the patient to join a support group for students who are HIV positive. Remind the patient of the importance of taking the medications as scheduled
Check the patient's class schedule to help decide when the drugs should be taken.
A young adult female patient who is human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive has a new prescription for efavirenz (Sustiva). Which information is most important to include in the medication teaching plan? Take this medication in the morning on an empty stomach Report any bizarre dreams to the health care provider. Driving is allowed when starting this medication. Continue to use contraception while on this medication.
Continue to use contraception while on this medication.
The nurse palpates enlarged cervical lymph nodes on a patient diagnosed with acute human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Which action would be most appropriate for the nurse to take? Request that an antibiotic be prescribed for the patient. Explain to the patient that this is an expected finding. Instruct the patient to apply ice to the neck. Advise the patient that this is probably the flu.
Explain to the patient that this is an expected finding.
A patient who uses injectable illegal drugs asks the nurse about preventing acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Which response by the nurse is best? "You should ask those who share equipment to be tested for HIV." "It is important to participate in a needle-exchange program." "I recommend cleaning drug injection equipment before each use." "Avoid sexual intercourse when using injectable drugs."
"It is important to participate in a needle-exchange program."
A patient who has vague symptoms of fatigue, headaches, and a positive test for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies using an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) test. What instructions should the nurse give to this patient? "It will probably be 10 or more years before you develop acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)." "The EIA test will need to be repeated to verify the results." "The Western blot test will be done to determine whether acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has developed." "A viral culture will be done to determine the progression of the disease."
"The EIA test will need to be repeated to verify the results."
A patient who has a positive test for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies is admitted to the hospital with Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP) and a CD4+ T-cell count of less than 200 cells/mL. Based on diagnostic criteria established by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), which statement by the nurse is correct? "The patient will be diagnosed with asymptomatic chronic HIV infection." "The patient has developed acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)." "The patient meets the criteria for a diagnosis of an acute HIV infection." "The patient will develop symptomatic chronic HIV infection in less than a year."
"The patient has developed acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)."
The nurse plans a presentation for community members about how to decrease the risk for antibiotic-resistant infections. Which information will the nurse include in the teaching plan (select all that apply Hand washing is effective in preventing many viral and bacterial infections. Unused antibiotics that are more than a year old should be discarded. Antibiotics are effective in treating influenza associated with high fevers. Antibiotics may sometimes be prescribed to prevent infection Continue taking antibiotics until all the medication is gone.
Hand washing is effective in preventing many viral and bacterial infections. Antibiotics may sometimes be prescribed to prevent infection Continue taking antibiotics until all the medication is gone.
A pregnant woman with a history of asymptomatic chronic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is seen at the clinic. The patient states, "I am very nervous about making my baby sick." Which information will the nurse include when teaching the patient? The antiretroviral medications used to treat HIV infection are teratogenic. It is likely that her newborn will become infected with HIV unless she uses antiretroviral therapy (ART). Most infants born to HIV-positive mothers are not infected with the virus. Because she is at an early stage of HIV infection, the infant will not contract HIV.
Most infants born to HIV-positive mothers are not infected with the virus.
Which patient exposure by the nurse is most likely to require postexposure prophylaxis when the patient's human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status is unknown? Needle stick with a needle and syringe used to draw blood Contamination of open skin lesions with patient vaginal secretions Needle stick injury with a suture needle during a surgical procedure Splash into the eyes when emptying a bedpan containing stool
Needle stick with a needle and syringe used to draw blood
The nurse prepares to administer the following medications to a hospitalized patient with human immunodeficiency (HIV). Which medication is most important to administer at the right time? Oral acyclovir (Zovirax) Nystatin (Mycostatin) tablet Oral saquinavir (Invirase) Aerosolized pentamidine (NebuPent)
Oral saquinavir (Invirase)
Which information would be most important to help the nurse determine if the patient needs human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing? Patient age Patient lifestyle Patient symptoms Patient sexual orientation
Patient age
Which of these patients being seen at the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) clinic should the nurse assess first? Patient who has nausea from prescribed antiretroviral drugs Patient whose rapid HIV-antibody test is positive Patient who has had 10 liquid stools in the last 24 hours Patient whose latest CD4+ count is 250/µL
Patient who has had 10 liquid stools in the last 24 hours
The nurse will most likely prepare a medication teaching plan about antiretroviral therapy (ART) for which patient? Patient who is currently HIV negative but has unprotected sex with multiple partners HIV-positive patient with a CD4+ count of 160/µL who drinks a fifth of whiskey daily Patient who was infected with HIV 15 years ago and now has a CD4+ count of 840/µL Patient who tested positive for HIV 2 years ago and now has cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis
Patient who tested positive for HIV 2 years ago and now has cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis
A patient who is human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected has a CD4+ cell count of 400/µL. Which factor is most important for the nurse to determine before the initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for this patient? Potential medication side effects Patient's ability to comply with ART schedule HIV genotype and phenotype Patient's social support system
Patient's ability to comply with ART schedule
The nurse cares for a patient infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who has just been diagnosed with asymptomatic chronic HIV infection. Which prophylactic measures will the nurse include in the plan of care (select all that apply)? Pneumococcal vaccine Vericella zoster immune globulin Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole Influenza virus vaccine Hepatitis B vaccine
Pneumococcal vaccine Influenza virus vaccine Hepatitis B vaccine
The nurse designs a program to decrease the incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in the adolescent and young adult populations. Which information should the nurse assign as the highest priority? Methods to prevent perinatal HIV transmission Ways to sterilize needles used by injectable drug users Prevention of HIV transmission between sexual partners Means to prevent transmission through blood transfusions
Prevention of HIV transmission between sexual partners
An older adult who takes medications for coronary artery disease has just been diagnosed with asymptomatic chronic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Which information will the nurse include in patient teaching? Hospice care is available for patients with terminal HIV infection. Less frequent CD4+ level monitoring is needed in older adults. Progression of HIV infection occurs more rapidly in older patients. Many medications have interactions with antiretroviral drugs.
Progression of HIV infection occurs more rapidly in older patients.
A patient with a positive rapid antibody test result for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is anxious and does not appear to hear what the nurse is saying. What action by the nurse is most important at this time? Teach the patient about the medications available for treatment. Remind the patient about the need to return for retesting to verify the results. Ask the patient to notify individuals who have had risky contact with the patient. Inform the patient how to protect sexual and needle-sharing partners.
Remind the patient about the need to return for retesting to verify the results.
The registered nurse (RN) caring for an HIV-positive patient admitted with tuberculosis can delegate which action to unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP)? Tell the patient's family members the reason for the use of airborne precautions. Stock the patient's room with all the necessary personal protective equipment. Teach the patient about how to use tissues to dispose of respiratory secretions. Interview the patient to obtain the names of family members and close contacts.
Stock the patient's room with all the necessary personal protective equipment.
The nurse cares for a patient who is human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive and taking antiretroviral therapy (ART). Which information is most important for the nurse to address when planning care? The patient is unable to state the side effects of the medications. The patient complains of feeling "constantly tired." The patient states, "Sometimes I miss a dose of zidovudine (AZT)." The patient's blood glucose level is 142 mg/dL.
The patient states, "Sometimes I miss a dose of zidovudine (AZT)."
A patient with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has developed Mycobacterium avium complex infection. Which outcome would be appropriate for the nurse to include in the plan of care? The patient will receive immunizations. The patient will maintain intact perineal skin. The patient will be free from injury. The patient will have adequate oxygenation.
The patient will maintain intact perineal skin.
To evaluate the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy (ART), which laboratory test result will the nurse review? Enzyme immunoassay Immunofluorescence assay Rapid HIV antibody testing Viral load testing
Viral load testing
