HIV/AIDS/vaccines

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HIV Pathophysiology

-RNA retrovirus -unable to survive and replicate unless its in human cell -desttroys CD4 T cells

Normal CD4 count

800-1200

CD4 count below 200

AIDS, development of opportunistic infections

fungal infections

Candidiasis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis

viral infections

Cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex and zoster

Antiretroviral therapy (ART)

HAART, includes at least 3 meds, work in different ways to reduce viral load

indications for ART

HIV infected ppl, HIV pregnant pts, AIDS defining illness patients, HIV associated neuropathy pts, serodiscordant couples, HIV/hep B confection

HIV associated malignancies

Kaposi's sarcoma, lymphoma, squamous cell carcinoma

immunizations before international travel

MMR, typhoid, yellow fever, meningococcal, rabies, hep a and b, Japanese encephalitis

Protozoal infections

PCP, toxoplasmolysis, cryptosporidosis, leishmaniasis

bacterial infections

TB, septicemia, bac pneumonia

varicella seroconversion

acquisition of detectable antibody levels in the blood

vaccination

antigens stimulate immun e response butt typically does not produce disease

Stevens-Johnson Syndrome

dry,crusty rash and should be reported to the PCP

how can pregnant women w HIV transmit to child

during pregnancy, labor, delivery, breastfeeding

Toxoids

inactivated toxins that stimulate antitoxin formation but cant produce disease

Postexposure prophylaxis (PEP)

initiated within 72 hours of exposure and cont for 4 weeks

side effects of varicella

inj site reaction, fever, thrombocytopenia, ste vens Johnsons syndromes e

Recombinant subunit vaccines

insertion of some of the genetic material of a pathogen into another cell or organism, where the antigen is then produced in massive quantities

Live attenuated vaccines

live weakened microorganisms

C/I to varicella

moderate to severe illness,, untreated tb, pregnancy, hi dose steroids

serodiscordant couples

ongoing sexual partnerships between a HIV infected individual and an uninfected individual

community immunity

protection from disease that occurs if most of a population is immune to a pathogen, thereby protecting individuals who are not immune

ART treatment goals

reduce morbidity and mortality, prolong quality of life, preserve immune function, prevent HIV transmission, suppress plasma HIV viral load

Plasma HIV RNA (viral load)

reports number of copies of virus in body

conjugate vaccines

require a protein or toxoid from an unrelated organism to link to the outer coat of the disease-causing microorganism -can cause flaws positive results of strep pneumonia if administered right before obtaining culture

Adjuvant vaccine

substance sometimes used to inc vaccines immunogenicity and to prolong immune response -alumninun salt


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