HLT Unit 9

Iron

Emma consumes dairy products, but she does not eat meat, fish, eggs, or poultry. She eats some vegetables and fruits, but she avoids beans, breads, and cereal products. Based on this information, her diet probably lacks adequate iron. calcium. potassium. magnesium.

55 to 60

About _____ % of an average healthy young man's body weight is water. 35 to 40 15 to 20 75 to 80 55 to 60

15.5

According to Adequate Intake recommendations, the total water intake for healthy young men is approximately _____ cups/day. 18 to 20.5 25.5 4 to 6.5 15.5

11.0

According to Adequate Intake recommendations, the total water intake for healthy young women is approximately _____ cups/day. 25.5 11.0 18.0 15.5

selenium.

Brazil nuts contain very high amounts of copper. selenium. fluorine. calcium.

Liver cancer

Chronic alcohol abuse increases the risk of low blood pressure. shrinkage of the heart. liver cancer. skin tumors.

pancreatic cancer.

Chronic alcohol abuse increases the risk of chronic low blood pressure. fluorosis. goiter. pancreatic cancer.

pancreatic cancer.

Chronic alcohol abuse increases the risk of pancreatic cancer. goiter. chronic low blood pressure. fluorosis.

The minerals will leach out of the food and into the cooking water, becoming part of the soup in the process.

Constance is making a vegetable soup that contains carrots, beans, water, salt, pepper, bits of ham, and onions. The soup has to cook for 4 hours. While the soup is cooking, what will happen to some of the minerals that are in its ingredients? The minerals will leach out of the ham and vegetables and lose their natural bioavailability. Cooking the soup's ingredients for this extensive amount of time will enable the minerals to become antioxidants. The minerals will leach out of the food and into the cooking water, becoming part of the soup in the process. The relatively high temperature that's needed to cook the soup will destroy the iron, phosphorus, and sulfur in the vegetables.

Iron deficiency

For the past 4 years, 23-year-old Maggie has been losing a lot of blood during her menstrual periods. She reports feeling tired all of the time. Based on this information, which of the following conditions is she most likely to develop? Goiter Osteoporosis Iron deficiency Cretinism

Sodium

____ helps the body maintain normal fluid balance. Fluoride Sodium Iron Copper

cells lose intracellular fluid and shrink.

If extracellular water has an excess of sodium ions, sodium ions move into cells. cells lose intracellular fluid and shrink. the body uses the sodium ions for energy. excess zinc and fluoride ions are eliminated in feces.

Potassium

____ is a major mineral in your body. Zinc Potassium Iron Iodine

fluoride

In the United States, many communities add very small amounts of ____to their public water supplies, because the mineral strengthens teeth. phosphorus fluoride iodide calcium

table salt

In the United States, the practice of fortifying _____ with iodine has reduced the risk of cretinism. table salt soft drinks processed vegetables oatmeal products

The Food and Drug Administration regulates bottled water products that are marketed for interstate commerce.

In the United States, which of the following statements is true? The Environmental Protection Agency monitors amounts of BPA in plastic baby bottles and sipping cups. The Food and Drug Administration regulates bottled water products that are marketed for interstate commerce. Manufacturers are permitted to add vitamins, minerals, and amino acids to their bottled water and flavored beverage products. Bottled water is safer to drink than tap water.

digestion of food.

In the human body, water is involved in the storage of water-soluble wastes. regulation of energy metabolism. digestion of food. protection of cell membranes from free radical damage.

transport substances.

In the human body, water is needed to transport substances. protect DNA from free radical damage. make glucose from fatty acids. provide energy to fuel cellular activity.

Removes wastes.

In the human body, water is needed to dissolve fat-soluble vitamins. monitor nerve cell function. remove wastes. regulate energy production.

Beef steak

____ is a rich source of heme iron. Fresh broccoli Corn oil margarine Beef steak Fat-free milk

is within cells.

Intracellular water is within cells. includes the plasma of blood. supplies about 4 kcal/g. surrounds cells.

Zinc

____ is a trace mineral in your body. Zinc Potassium Calcium Phosphorus

148/92

Joseph has hypertension. The last time he measured his blood pressure, the reading was ____ mm Hg. 110/78 148/92 121/82 95/110

Sodium

Lola doesn't like to cook, so she eats fast food at least three times a week. When she doesn't eat fast food, she opens a can of soup and makes a ham and cheese sandwich. For snacks, she prefers processed cheese cubes, potato chips, and pretzels. Based on this information, her diet is very high in sodium. vitamin D. beta-carotene. potassium.

calcium

Lydia's diet lacks _____, which is classified as a major mineral. iron iodine calcium selenium

loss of bone mass.

Osteoporosis is characterized by defective collagen production. immature red blood cells that lack hemoglobin. loss of bone mass. destruction of epithelial cells.

damages the heart muscle.

Over time, excess alcohol intake reduces heat loss from the body. reduces fat deposits in the abdominal region. lowers blood pressure. damages the heart muscle.

fetal alcohol spectrum disorder.

Paige is 6-weeks pregnant. Although Paige drank alcohol before she became pregnant, she refuses to drink any alcohol now, because she does not want to have a baby born with hepatitis. cirrhotic liver disease. pancreatic cancer. fetal alcohol spectrum disorder.

enhances the body's ability to absorb and retain calcium.

Parathyroid hormone enhances the body's ability to absorb and retain calcium. enables glucose to enter cells. increases the body's rate of potassium excretion. signals bone cells to take up calcium from the bloodstream.

strengthen bones.

Performing weight-bearing exercise can reduce the body's need for iron. delay the development of goiter. strengthen bones. increase intestinal absorption of zinc.

Stained teeth

Since she was a 2-year-old, Gina has been drinking well water that contains a high amount of fluoride. Based on this information, you would expect Gina to have stained teeth. type 1 diabetes. hair loss. iron-deficiency anemia.

kidneys

The _____ play a major role in regulating the body's fluid balance. parathyroid glands kidneys tonsils salivary glands

Skin

The body eliminates excess water through the thyroid gland. spleen. lymphatic system. skin.

lungs

The body eliminates water through the lungs. liver. lymphatic system. spleen.

a group of proteins that have antioxidant function.

The body uses selenium to make glucose from cholesterol molecules that are stored in liver cells. polyunsaturated fatty acids. hydrochloric acid in the stomach. a group of proteins that have antioxidant function.

goiter

The introduction of iodized salt in the 1920s dramatically reduced rates of _____ in the United States. goiter anemia lung cancer hypertension

After bones are formed early in life, the body has no need for calcium.

Which of the following statements about calcium is false? Adolescents should consume adequate dairy products to build strong bones. The calcium in dairy products is well absorbed by the body. After bones are formed early in life, the body has no need for calcium. A person's calcium intake early in life can affect his or her bone density later.

Cells can't metabolize minerals for energy.

Which of the following statements about dietary minerals is true? Cells can't metabolize minerals for energy. In their natural forms, most foods are poor sources of minerals. In general, a person's daily needs for essential minerals don't change as he or she grows or enters a new life stage. Typical cooking methods destroy up to 75% of a food's mineral contents.

Iron

_____ deficiency is the most common cause of anemia. Iron Selenium Calcium Magnesium

Women generally have the highest risk of osteoporosis before menopause.

Which of the following statements is false? Women generally have the highest risk of osteoporosis before menopause. Bones store calcium and can release the mineral when it's needed. Calcium is needed for muscle contraction and blood clot formation. Efforts to reduce the risk of osteoporosis should begin early in life.

Pale skin

Which of the following conditions is a common sign of iron deficiency? Increased appetite Pale skin Brittle bones Increased energy level

Spinach

Which of the following foods contains a lot of nonheme iron, but very little of the mineral is absorbed by the human intestinal tract? Spinach Whole milk Liver Red meat

Fat-free yogurt

Which of the following foods is a good source of calcium? Fat-free yogurt Red delicious apples Fried chicken Ground beef

Bananas

Which of the following foods is a good source of potassium? Banana Catsup Hot dog Cured ham

African American

Which of the following groups of Americans has the highest risk of hypertension? Non-Hispanic, white Americans African Americans Native Americans Asian Americans

Potassium, magnesium, and sodium

Which of the following groups of minerals are major minerals? Calcium, phosphorus, and zinc Potassium, magnesium, and sodium Sodium, copper, and potassium Iron, fluoride, and selenium

Sodium, potassium, and phosphorus

Which of the following groups of minerals are major minerals? Calcium, zinc, and sodium Sodium, copper, and potassium Sodium, potassium, and phosphorus Selenium, calcium, and phosphorus

Iron, copper, and zinc

Which of the following groups of minerals are trace minerals? Calcium, phosphorus, and zinc Iron, copper, and zinc Sodium, copper, and potassium Calcium, magnesium, and sodium

Alcoholic men

Which of the following groups of people has the highest risk of magnesium deficiency? Female athletes Alcoholic men Female vegetarians Teenage boys

Cooking vegetables in a cast iron skillet with tomatoes or lemon juice

Which of the following practices would help a vegan (total vegetarian) increase his or her iron intake from plant foods? Drinking more milk and avoiding in-between-meal snacks Replacing butter with olive oil Taking zinc, calcium, and selenium supplements with meals Cooking vegetables in a cast iron skillet with tomatoes or lemon juice

Approximately one-third of adult Americans have hypertension.

Which of the following statements is true? "Deli" meats, such as bologna and ham, are rich sources of potassium and poor sources of sodium. The risk of developing hypertension decreases as a person grows older. A blood pressure reading of 165/90 mm Hg is within the normal range. Approximately one-third of adult Americans have hypertension.

On average, a healthy young woman has slightly less body water than a healthy young man.

Which of the following statements is true? A person's body water content increases with increasing age. On average, a healthy young woman has slightly less body water than a healthy young man. Water comprises approximately 25% of lean muscle tissue. About 30% of an average person's body is water.

Caffeine

Which of the following substances is a mild diuretic? Phenylalanine Vitamin A Iron Caffeine

experiencing dehydration.

While Aaron was at a party, he drank too much alcohol. The following morning, he had a headache and his mouth felt very dry. Based on this information, Aaron may have been suffering from acute alcoholism. experiencing dehydration. suffering from ion overload syndrome. experiencing delayed alcohol metabolism disorder.

water intoxication.

Yesterday, Jenny ran in a marathon race. While she ran, she drank several large cups of water at water stations along the race course. At the end of the race, she experienced difficulty making it to the finish line. She was confused, and she complained of having a headache and feeling dizzy. Based on this information, Jenny was probably suffering from kidney failure. brain cancer. water intoxication. heat cramps.

have anorexia nervosa

Young women who _____ have a higher risk of developing osteoporosis than young women who don't have this characteristic. exercise regularly consume fluoridated water have anorexia nervosa avoid alcohol

maintaining normal thyroid function.

Your body needs iodine for carrying oxygen in blood. transporting proteins in lymph. maintaining normal thyroid function. making essential fatty acids.

several enzymes that have antioxidant function.

Your body uses copper to make hydrochloric acid in the stomach. glucose from cholesterol molecules that are stored in liver cells. several enzymes that have antioxidant function. essential fatty acids.

Myoglobin

_____ is the iron-containing protein in muscle tissue that controls the cells' uptake of oxygen from red blood cells. Phytic acid Myoglobin Hemoglobin Thyroxin

Iron

_____ must be added to grains during the enrichment process. Calcium Magnesium Zinc Iron