HLTH 2000 - Final Exam Review

Health

"Not merely an absence of disease or infirmity but a state of complete physical, mental and social well being." -WHO

How are the demographic patterns changing in the US?

- african american, hispanic, and asian races will continue to grow, native american will decrease in population persons 65 and older make up 13% of the U.S. population in 2010. Between 2010 and 2040 this population is expected to grow to 23%

Responsibility 4 - Conduct Evaluation and Research Related to Health Education

- critical to conduct accurate evaluation; prove worth - create a plan to asses the objectives - collect, analyze, and interpret data - use results to modify/improve current or future programs - research is vital to the profession

Responsibility 7 - communicate and advocate for health and health education communication skills

- effective oral and written communication skills, as well as mass media use - translate difficult scientific concepts so that constituents understand the information necessary to improve and protect their health - initiate and support legislation, rules, policies, and procedures that will enhance health of a priority population - advocate for health education and promoting the profession

What characterisitics should be considered when selecting teaching methods?

- learner characterisitics - characterisitics of educators - availability of learning resources - nature of material to be covered - desired outcome

Why is our population aging?

- living longer - fewer children being born, smaller families - baby boomers are now retiring

Responsibility 1 - Assess Needs, Assets, and Capacity for Health Education

- may be most critical step Needs Assessment = determines what health problems exist, what assets are available to address the problems, and the overall capacity of the community to address the health problems Capacity = "both individual and collective resources that can be brought to bear for health enhancement" Assets = skills, resources, agencies, groups and individuals

Why use a variety of methods?

- more likely to achieve objectives - prevents disruptive behaviors - maintains participant interest - more fun for the presenter - not all learners respond positively to the same methods

Types of Needs Assessments

- online survey - mail survey - face/face interview - telephone interview - focus group - medical examination - examination of exsisting records - analysis of news articles

Governmental Health Agencies

- part of governmental structure (federal, state, local) - funded primarily by tax dollars - managed by government officials - authority over some geographic area - exist at four levels (international, national, state, local) (WHO, HHS, EPA, OSHA, DHS)

Responsibility 6 - Serve as a Health Education Resource Person

- retrieve health education information to answer questions - skill needed to access resources - select or develop educational resource for dissemination - establishing effective consultative relationships with those seeking assistance

Responsibility 5 - Coordinating the provision of health education services

- there is much to administer and coordinate - more a function of the experienced health education specialist - facilitate cooperation among personnel, both within and between programs - knowledge of exsisting programs is important to avoid overlap in services

Why is an evaluation done?

- to improve services and programs - provide feedback regarding strengths and weaknesses - determine if objectives were met - identify problems while they are correctable

What are the benefits of being certified?

-establishes a national standard of practice - attests to an individual's knowledge and skills - assists employers in identifying qualified health education practitioners - creates a sense of pride and accomplishment - promotes continued professional development

What are the seven major responsibilities of a Health Educator? 1. assessment 2. planning programs 3. implementing programs 4. evaluating programs 5. administering programs 6. serve as a resource 7.communicate and advocate for health and health education communication skills

1. assess needs, assets, and capacity for health education 2. planning effective health education programs 3. implement health education 4. conduct evaluation and research related to health education 5. coordinating the provision of health education services 6. serve as a health education resource person 7. communicate and advocate for health and health education communication skills

What was the Role Delineation Project? the process of identifying the specific responsibilities, competencies, and sub competencies associated with the practice of health education/promotion

1. defining the health educators role 2. verify and refine the role of a health educator 3. creating a curiculum framework based on the verified role of a health educator END RESULT: National Task Force on the Preparation and Practice of Health Educators

5 steps to planning an evaluation

1. describe your program activity 2. select evaluation method 3. design data collection and analysis 4. develop an action plan 5. report results!!!

4 levels of evaulation

1. diagnositc 2. process 3. impact 4. outcome

What are the 3 major categories of health agencies and be able to give examples of each

1. gov 2. non-gov 3. quasi-gov

Who is Helen Cleary?

1974, Helen P. Cleary, SOPHE President - person most responsible for establishing certification for health education specialists.

Responsibility 3 - Implement Health Education

Implement Health Education - actual presentation of the program - understand priority population - comfortable with wide range of educational methods/techniques - continue to monitor once up and running - apply a number of sub-competencies - adhere to code of ethics

What is a needs assessment and why is it done?

Needs Assessment = the process of identifying the problems and needs of a target population Reasons: - starting point for program planning - detection of changing needs - individual assessments for health maintenance and health promotion - detection of risk factors - capacity or asset analysis

Responsibility 2 - Planning effective health education programs

Planning effective health education programs - based upon needs assessment - recruit stakeholders to help plan - develop goals and objectives - develop appropriate interventions

What method is used to conduct a needs assessment?

Precede-Procede model for planning = the goals of the model are to explain health-related behaviors and to design and evaulate the interventions designed to influence both the behaviors and the living conditions that influence them. 1. health and health risks are caused by multiple factors 2. because health and health risks are determined by multiple factors, efforts to effect behavioral, environmental, and social change must be multidimensional.

Future health educators need to be able to access information, utilize technology and collaborate with the medical community (Main sites for jobs: schools, worksite, and community)

School Setting: provide for all the health needs of the children and adolescents attending the school = - classroom school health education lessons - school lunch programs - health screenings - physical education - a healthy and safe school environment - availability of trained school counselors - faculty and staff health promotion - family and community support for education and health Community/Public Health Setting: - to monitor and improve the health of the public they serve, through defined populations - missions, goals, and objectives of one community agency may differ dramatically from those of another - utilize coalition-building skills Health Care Setting: - for profit and public hospitals - health maintenance organizations (HMOs - medical care clinics - home health agencies

How is the traditional family changing?

Traditional Family - 2 parents and their children Postmodern Family - - high rates of divorce - smaller families - postponed marriage and childbearing - teenage and nonmarital childbearing - stepfamilies - homosexual couples - dual-earner marriages

Healthy People Initiative

a society in which all people live long, healthy lives.

Reliability

ability to yeild consistent results each time the instrument is used

What led to the certification process?

around 1978, individual certification for health education specialists was not available, except for school health education specialists, who had to be licensed or certified in the state they were tought in. - many public health programs outside schools were not accredited nor was it available

Impact

based upon measurements of the immediate effects; indicated by changes in knowledge behavior, attitude or skill

Outcome

based upon whether or not long-term goals have been attained

Evaluation process of determining the value of degree of success in achieving a predetermined objective

comparison of an object of interest against a standard of acceptability - standard is expressed in well-written objectives - comparison is usually based upon some kind of data

Diagnostic

component of needs assessment; purpose is to analyze problems to determine which group/individual most needs knowledge, attitude change, behavior change, or skill development

Accreditation

evaluation of program or institution.

Process

focuses on the functioning elements of the program or curriculum, including teaching methods, content, materials, time allotment, implementation steps and instructor performance.

NonGovernmental Health Agencies

funded by private donations or membership dues - arose due to unmet health need - operate free from governmental interference - meet specific IRS guidlines with tax status - many types : vouluntary, professional, religious, social, philanthropic, corporate, service (Voluntary Health Agencies - ACS, AHA, March of Dimes, MDA)

Licensure

governmental agency grant permission to practice based on standards (i.e., teachers)

When should an evaluation mechanism be developed?

in the planning process

Credentials

meeting specified standards of credentialing body.

How has the Affordable Care Act impacted worksite health promotion?

primary reason is to reduce health care costs and increase productivity: - injury prevention - exercise - nutrition - control of smoking - stress management - alcohol and other drug abuse - occupational safety and health issues - influences of physical, chemical, and psychosocial work exposures on employee health

Certification

recognition based standard of performance (i.e., CHES)

Technology

referring to the use of educational technology: - individualizes communication and instruction - enchances opportunities to provide new services and interventions by creating new practices and strategies future health educators will need to: - access information - select and use the data obtained - make decisions about validity and information

What is changing in our medical care establishment?

shifting from a "longevity mentality" to one focusing on quality of life. eroding power base due to power of insurance companies, patient participation in care plans and physicians leaving the practice of medicine health educators can facilitate patient choice: - helping patients understand their options regarding physician choice - health care insurance plan - type of care - intensity of services - collaboration health educators can assist medical organizations: - increasing patient satisfaction through contributing to more one-on-one contact - improving patterns of communication between patient and provider - enhancing patient compliance with treatment regimens

Domains of Health

social, physical, emotional, spiritual, environmental, intellectual

Quasi- Governmental Health Organizations

some official health responsibilities; operate more like voluntary health organizations - operate independently of government supervision - derive some funding and work from government (American Red Cross, National Academy of Sciences, National Science Foundation)

Validity

tendency to meaure what the test is intended to measure

What group oversaw it?

the conferences planning committee made up of representatives from the eight organizations comprising the Coalition of Health Education Organizations.

Role of the Health Educator

they teach people about the causes and prevention of health problems and suggest strategies to enchance health.

Teaching Methods

those planned approaches or procedures that the educator employs to most effectively influence the learners' comprehension of a new situation or to further influence their comprehension of a familiar situation.