HLTH 260 Final Exam
Which mental illness is commonly mistaken for dementia (or seen with dementia) in the elderly?
Depression
During the U.S. Civil War, who led a national effort to organize a nursing corps to care for the war's wounded and sick?
Dorothea Dix
What is the study of patterns of health and disease in populations?
Epidemiology
What causes osteoarthritis?
Erosion of the cartilage between bones
Which of the following best represents the primary hormones used in hormone therapy (HT)?
Estrogen only, or estrogen with progesterone
True or False? A woman's virginity can be proved or disproved by the pain or bleeding that may occur with initial coitus.
False
True or False? Acute, or short-term instances, of stress, often have serious consequences for mental health.
False
True or False? From its beginning, the women's health movement embraced and advocated for women of all races and economic backgrounds.
False
True or False? Rates of depression fall sharply for women older than the age of 65 years.
False
What are Braxton-Hicks contractions?
False labor or contractions that occur during pregnancy
What are the two most popular forms of birth control in the United States?
Female sterilization and the birth control pill
If a couple has repeated difficulties conceiving a child, what is most likely to be the cause?
Fertility problems that are equally likely to be present in either partner
People will generally only attempt things they believe they can accomplish and won't attempt things they believe they can't accomplish or will fail at. This summarizes the:
Self-Efficacy Theory
In what year did the FDA approve the birth control pill?
1960
In which year did the U.S. Supreme Court strike down a state law criminalizing birth control pills?
1965
As of 2019, how many women are in the U.S. Senate?
25
How many chromosomes does a zygote have?
46 (23 from the mother, 23 from the father)
At the end of the fourth month, what is the average size of a typical fetus?
5 to 6 inches long and weighs about 2 to 5 ounces
About what percentage of pregnancies in the United States are unintended?
50%
Which of the following women would be most likely to benefit from hormone therapy?
A 41-year-old, otherwise healthy woman who is experiencing early menopause due to cancer treatment
Which of the following conditions is an early sign or symptom of pregnancy?
A need to urinate frequently
What does the term medical abortion describe?
Abortion performed with pills
Which category do clinical trials fall into?
Analytic
Which of the following actions is an example of secondary prevention?
Being screened for HIV/AIDS
Which HHS agency conducts disease surveillance and prevention and keeps track of national health statistics?
CDC
What did U.S. sodomy laws attempt to ban?
Certain sexual activities
What is the most common prenatal infection?
Cytomegalovirus
For the past 4 months, Myrtle has lost interest in her hobbies and has had difficulty concentrating on her job. She complains of having little energy to clean her house, buy groceries, or cook meals, and she locks herself alone in the bathroom, sitting by herself for hours on end. Myrtle's responses and feelings are characteristics of what mental illness?
Depression
Which of the following actions is an example of primary prevention?
Eating a nutritious diet
True or False? Depression is a chronic disease that occurs almost exclusively during or after menopause.
False
True or False? E-cigarettes are safe to smoke.
False
True or False? The most effective way to prevent, diagnose, and treat diseases in populations is to ignore gender
False
True or False? The percentage of women who use a method of contraception during their first sexual intercourse experience has decreased since 1985.
False
True or False? Treatment of sexual dysfunction usually requires long-term psychiatric therapy or targeted medications.
False
True or false? From its beginnings, the American feminist movement has been inclusive with respect to race, class, and sexual identity.
False
True or false? Most people with mental illnesses regularly access medical treatment.
False
Women older than the age of 65 years should obtain which type of screening annually?
High blood pressure
Which of the following birth control methods typically have a low failure rate during "typical use"?
IUD and tubal sterilization
What did the NIH Revitalization Act do for women's health?
It required that women and minorities be included as subjects in all human research funded by NIH.
Which organization conducts most federally funded medical research?
NIH
A contraceptive with a failure rate of 1% means which of the following?
One out of every 100 women using this method will become pregnant every year.
Who first began using the phrase "me too" to describe the widespread, but often silent, nature of sexual assault and harassment in the United States?
Tarana Burke
Which types of birth control prevent sperm from fertilizing an ovum after they have entered the reproductive tract?
The diaphragm and spermicides
What is menopause?
The natural or artificially induced end of a woman's menstrual cycle
What are the largest behavior-related causes of death in the United States?
Tobacco use, poor diet, and inactivity
Gina has been diagnosed with uterine cancer. Her surgeon will perform which of the following to remove only Gina's cervix and uterus?
Total hysterectomy
True or False? A woman's behavior can often determine whether she gets a chronic disease, as well as the chronic disease's course of infection.
True
True or False? Arthritis cannot be diagnosed with a single medical test.
True
True or False? Bacteria cause Lyme disease, and deer ticks usually transmit these bacteria.
True
True or False? Blood is the vehicle for transporting nutrients and waste throughout the body.
True
True or False? Cardiovascular disease and cancer are the greatest causes of death in the United States.
True
True or False? Genetics, social, political, and economic factors all influence racial differences in how chronic diseases affect women.
True
True or False? Half of all women older than 50 years of age will have an osteoporosis-related fracture at some point in their lives.
True
True or False? Stress can result in the failure to menstruate.
True
True or False? Susan Wood was the top official in charge of women's health at the FDA.
True
True or False? The external part of the clitoris has about the same number of nerve endings as the head of a penis.
True
True or False? The heart is composed of four chambers: right atrium and ventricle and the left atrium and ventricle.
True
True or False? Weight-bearing and muscle-strengthening exercises help to maintain bone density and to prevent osteoporosis.
True
True or false? A combination of biological, environmental, and cultural factors contribute to mental illness.
True
True or false? The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination (CEDAW) legally binds 165 UN member states to take steps to promote women's equality and to report on the steps they have taken.
True
In the United States, what is the most widely used abortion method?
Vacuum curettage
Feminism is the idea that:
Women should have the same rights, opportunities, and privileges as men.
A fetus that received the sex chromosomes XXY would develop into:
a baby boy at risk for learning disabilities.
Both perfectionistic tendencies and low self-esteem are associated with:
anorexia.
Health promotion is:
any planned education, political, social, or other campaign to help a person or population improve or maintain health
When the heart begins to beat irregularly, the condition is called:
arrhythmia.
Which of the following is a consistent theme that provides sanctioned sexual privileges across cultures? a. Premarital sex b. Marriage c. Extramarital sex d. Celibacy
b
Here is data for the hypothetical disease D, which lasts 3 days: Day 1: 1st case Day 2: 2 new cases Day 3: 4 new cases Mark all that are true: a. On Day 3, the prevalence is 4. b. On Day 3, the incidence is 4. c. On Day 2, the incidence is 3. d. On Day 2, the prevalence is 3.
b, d
Kinsey's research found which of the following? a. Women in the United States have seven unique pressures that influence their self-assessed gender roles. b. Identification with either masculine or feminine roles results from social and cultural models and influences to which the individual is exposed from birth. c. There exists a seven-point continuum that ranges from exclusive contact with and attraction to the other sex to varying degrees of "heterosexual" and "homosexual" orientation. d. The sexual response cycle consists of four distinct phases.
c
Which of the following statements defines an induced abortion, as opposed to a spontaneous abortion? a. Loss of pregnancy due to natural complications of fetal development b. Miscarriage c. Decision to terminate a pregnancy with a medical procedure d. All of these are correct.
c
Women who breastfeed should:
consume a healthy diet and increase their consumption of calcium.
Which of the following is a possible side effect of taking birth control pills? a. More-regular menstrual periods b. A reduced sex drive c. Clearing of acne d. All of these are correct.
d
Which of the following is a sign of a stroke? a. Sudden weakness b. Trouble speaking or understanding speech c. Trouble seeing in one or both eyes d. All of these are correct.
d
Which of the following is one of the major components of blood? a. Red blood cells (erythrocytes) b. White blood cells (leukocytes) c. Platelets (thrombocytes) d. All of these are correct.
d
An individual's subjective sense of being a male or female is his or her:
gender identity.
A chronic, powerful sense of tension and worry is called:
generalized anxiety disorder.
A person who is born with sex chromosomes, external genitalia, or internal reproductive organs that are not considered biologically "standard" as male or female is referred to as:
intersex.
Women with anorexia often also exhibit __________ behaviors.
obsessive-compulsive
Fall-related injuries are of special concern to elderly women suffering from:
osteoporosis.
During a devastating flood, the crew of a rescue helicopter saved Muriel. Within seconds of being plucked from the roof of her home, she watched as the floodwaters destroyed her home. Since the catastrophe, she has been irritable and anxious and has had flashbacks of the event. She is probably suffering from:
posttraumatic stress disorder.
Amniotic fluid:
protects the embryo/fetus from bumps.
The placenta:
serves as a conduit for the return of waste products back to the mother for disposal.
If the prevalence of a disease in an area is high but the incidence is low:
the disease rate is probably stable.
In 2018, approximately 100,000 people died in a small country that had a total population of about 1 million people. During that year, the incidence of cancer in this country was 0.5% and the prevalence of heart disease was 3%. What was this country's approximate mortality rate for that year?
10%
What Amendment to the U.S. Constitution gave women the right to vote?
19th
True or False? Children as young as age 3 can show signs of gender dysphoria.
True
True or False? During childbirth, the cervical canal stretches to 50 or more times its normal width.
True
True or False? FDA-approved forms of hormone therapy include pills, patches, creams, gels, sprays, and vaginal suppositories.
True
True or False? Factors such as the hormonal variations caused by the menstrual cycle and the possible effects of a trial on a developing fetus can pose statistical and ethical challenges for clinical investigators.
True
True or False? Family planning has allowed women to advance in society, while also resulting in healthier infants, women, and children.
True
True or False? Many women with fibromyalgia have difficulty getting their healthcare providers to acknowledge the condition.
True
True or False? Revisions to FDA policies in 1993 required drug studies to include women of childbearing age.
True
True or False? Some forms of chemotherapy can cause a woman to experience early menopause.
True
True or False? Spermicide works by preventing sperm from fertilizing the ovum.
True
True or False? The Bartholin's glands, located on each side of the vaginal opening, secrete a liquid that lubricates the vaginal tissues.
True
True or False? The federal government's role in funding biomedical research is significant.
True
True or false? Adults older than 60 years are more likely than the general population to commit suicide.
True
True or false? Women and men are equally likely to develop obsessive-compulsive disorder.
True
Which of the following factors increases a person's likelihood of developing depression?
Unemployment
During World War II, many women entered the U.S. workforce. What happened to most of these women at the end of the war, when men returned from the front? a. They usually had to leave their jobs and return to the home as men returned to the workforce. b. They organized and formed the National Women's Labor Movement. c. Most of them stayed in their jobs, working alongside their returning male counterparts. d. Their positions were largely unaffected at the end of the war because they worked in positions that men typically did not work in.
a
What is the main objective of the Family and Medical Leave Act? a. To provide unpaid medical leave for employees caring for a newborn baby, adopted child, or sick relative b. To provide paid medical leave for employees caring for a newborn baby, adopted child, or sick relative c. To provide new mothers with a source of affordable health insurance d. To provide new mothers with access to any medical treatment funded by U.S. research
a
Which of the following statements is true about genetic disorders? a. Genetic disorders are caused by a variation or mutation of a gene. b. Genetic disorders can be prevented with diet and exercise. c. Genetic disorders are caused by excessive genes. d. Genetic disorders can be prevented with immunizations.
a
Which of the following statements is true? a. Osteoporosis is a major cause of bone fractures in postmenopausal women. b. Once formed, bone cells harden and die. c. After 50 years of age, bone formation begins to exceed bone resorption. d. Men are twice as likely as women to develop osteoporosis as they age.
a
Which of the following statements is true? a. Research from the completed Human Genome Project promises to significantly improve the public health. b. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) oversee all government-sponsored women's health initiatives. c. Medical research has largely refuted the idea of biological differences between the sexes beyond the reproductive organs. d. All of these are correct.
a
(Select all that apply) Social scientists have attempted to understand what is meant by the popular lay term natural childbirth. Which of the following items have been included as a social practice integral to natural childbirth? a. Activity during birth b. Preparation before birth c. Social support d. Breastfeeding
a, b, c
(Select all that apply) Which of the following statements concerning osteoporosis are true? a. Data show that tobacco use is a significant risk factor for bone loss. b. Osteoporosis is often called a "silent disease" because neither pain nor specific symptoms are associated with this condition. c. The spine, hips, and wrists are especially vulnerable to osteoporosis's effects. d. Amenorrhea (lack of menstrual periods) or diseases that may lead to amenorrhea, such as anorexia nervosa, may have a protective effect against osteoporosis.
a, b, c
(Select all that apply) Non-drug options for pain relief during labor include which of the following? a. Comfort measures b. Epidurals c. Meditation d. Breathing exercises
a, c, d
(Select all that apply) Which of the following are considered to be fertility awareness methods? a. The calendar method b. The withdrawal method c. The basal body temperature method d. The cervical mucus method
a, c, d
(Select all that apply) Which of the following statements are true? a. Teenage girls tend to rely on their male partners for contraception during early sexual intercourse experiences. b. Female condoms are more common than male condoms among adolescent couples. c. Adolescent women who use contraception are most likely to use condoms. d. The average time period between an adolescent woman's first experience of sexual intercourse and a medical consultation is about 1 year.
a, c, d
Contraindications for the birth control pill include which of the following? a. Being younger than age 18 years b. Being a smoker older than age 35 years c. Being more than 5 pounds overweight d. All of these are correct.
b
Which of the following statements about global abortion rates is true? a. High levels of medical technology and expertise are needed to provide abortions in a safe manner. b. About 25 million unsafe abortions occur each year. c. Unsafe abortions have a relatively minor effect on women's health outside of the United States. d. All of the these are correct.
b
Which of the following statements about the Violence Against Women Act is true? a. Congress passed it as a response to the #metoo movement. b. It made certain violent crimes committed against women illegal across the country. c. It has effectively eliminated stalking, domestic violence, and other crimes against women. d. All of these are correct.
b
Which of the following statements about women and sex work is true? a. Racial and ethnic minorities are frequently under-represented in sex work. b. Women facing intersecting forms of discrimination typically have fewer legal protections and are at greater risk. c. The UN has implemented global laws offering special protection for lesbian, bisexual, and transgender sex workers. d. All of these are correct.
b
Which of the following statements concerning posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is true? a. Women are three times more likely than men to experience traumatic events in their lives. b. People with PTSD often become emotionally numb to the world around them. c. Repeated exposure to different traumatic events "toughens up" a person's psyche, making him or her less vulnerable to PTSD. d. All of these are correct.
b
Which of the following statements is true? a. Chronic diseases appear and develop more quickly than most other diseases. b. Genetics and lifestyle factors play the biggest role in how chronic diseases appear and develop. c. Chronic diseases are often referred to as "communicable diseases" because of the ease in which they spread from person to person. d. Chronic diseases are the third-highest cause of death in the world.
b
Which of the following statements is true? a. New mothers who breastfeed have a higher risk of postpartum bleeding than new mothers who use formula for feedings. b. Breastfed babies have fewer episodes of ear infections and diarrhea than formula-fed babies. c. Breastfed babies experience about the same number of hospitalizations and doctor's visits as formula-fed babies. d. Breastfeeding protects babies against cancer, sickle cell anemia, spina bifida, and PKU.
b
(Select all that apply) Which of the following practices are evidence-based birth practices promoted by the World Health Organization? a. Early induction of labor b. Freedom of movement for the laboring woman c. Continuous labor support d. Encouraging spontaneous pushing in non-supine positions
b, c, d
(Select all that apply) Women who have undergone natural menopause are at an increased risk for which of the following conditions? a. Cervical cancer b. Osteoporosis c. Cardiovascular disease d. Urinary incontinence
b, c, d
By the end of the second stage of labor, the:
baby is born.
Luna experiences periods of normal behavior followed by periods when her moods cycle from abnormally "up" to very "down." She is probably suffering from:
bipolar disorder.
Which of the following actions is an example of tertiary prevention? a. Getting regular medical checkups b. Using medications to treat hypertension c. Treating a terminally ill patient with painkillers d. Practicing abstinence to avoid contracting a sexually transmitted infection
c
Which of the following statements about the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act is true? a. It has received bipartisan Congressional support. b. It provided a basic level of insurance coverage for all women. c. It increased access to health insurance for about 6 million women from 2010 to 2019. d. It reduced access to health insurance for about 10 million women from 2010 to 2019.
c
Which of the following statements concerning the history of childbirth is true? a. In the United States and Europe, physicians began attending routine births for women at the start of the 20th century. b. Giving physicians control over childbirth took power away from women while providing no significant benefits in safety for mothers or their babies. c. As birthing became more medical and less routine in the early to mid-20th century, women and mothers were often shut out from learning about the experience. d. All of these are correct.
c
Which of the following statements is true? a. Mental illnesses are usually the result of extremely disturbing experiences during childhood. b. The current DSM classifies homosexuality as a "common but fairly harmless" mental illness. c. Social context influences how societies classify mental illness. d. All of these are correct.
c
Which of the following symptoms is not a typical symptom of depression? a. Low energy level b. Sleep disturbances c. Impulsive behavior d. Loss of interest in pleasurable activities
c
According to Roe v. Wade, each state:
cannot outlaw first trimester abortions.
During their senior years, women should: a. get regular exercise. b. have routine mammography as recommended by their healthcare provider. c. receive an annual vaccination to reduce the risk of influenza. d. All of these are correct.
d
Misconceptions, stigma, and discrimination in health care toward people who are lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender can result in: a. missed disease. b. insensitive care from healthcare providers. c. unfair treatment. d. All of these are correct.
d
Prenatal HIV transmission can occur: a. during pregnancy. b. during labor and delivery. c. via breastfeeding. d. All of these are correct.
d
Sexual health includes which of the following facets of human interactions? a. Physical b. Psychological c. Social and cultural d. All of these are correct.
d
Strategies to reduce the health risks associated with hormone replacement include which of the following? a. Using a form of hormone therapy with local rather than systemic effects b. Starting hormone therapy at a younger age c. Taking the lowest effective dose d. All of these are correct.
d
Treatment for a heart attack can include: a. cholesterol-lowering medications. b. surgical procedures. c. behavior modification. d. All of these are correct.
d
Which of the following descriptive terms is a sexual stereotype of women? a. Sensitive b. Undersexed c. Dependent d. All of these are correct.
d
Which of the following forms of contraception requires a visit to a healthcare provider for a physical exam, fitting, or prescription? a. Diaphragm b. IUD c. Cervical cap d. All of these are correct.
d
Which of the following has contributed to increases in discussion and research about menopause over the past 100 years? a. An increase in the life span of the average woman b. More open discussions about life span issues and sexuality c. Less sexism in the medical community d. All of these are correct.
d
Which of the following is a major risk factor for heart disease? a. Diabetes b. High blood pressure c. Smoking d. All of these are correct.
d
Which of the following is not a sign or symptom of anorexia nervosa? a. Absence of three consecutive menstrual periods b. Feeling fat despite being very thin c. Intense fear of weight gain d. Repeated bingeing and purging
d
Which of the following is true about the feminist movement? a. It is an idea that has largely been ignored outside of the United States. b. Most female intellectuals dismiss feminism as outdated because women have achieved equality to men in virtually all arenas. c. From the beginning, it has embraced and given a voice to women from every race and background. d. It continues to evolve while pursuing the idea that women should have the same rights and opportunities as men.
d
Which of the following is true about the typical abortion seeker? a. Women living in poverty continue to be more likely than wealthy women to have abortions. b. More than half of women who seek abortions are in their 20s. c. Six in ten women who have abortions already have one child. d. All of these are correct.
d
Which of the following risk factors predisposes a person to metabolic syndrome? a. Elevated waist circumference b. Elevated triglycerides c. Elevated blood pressure d. All of these are correct.
d
Which of the following statements is true? a. Most women will experience postpartum depression for several months after giving birth. b. Cytomegalovirus causes mild flulike symptoms in both adults and newborns. c. Babies born to mothers with gestational diabetes are often underweight. d. The only real cure for preeclampsia is delivery.
d
Which of the following statements regarding comprehensive sex education programs has been found to be true? a. Teaching about contraception is not associated with increased risk of adolescent sexual activity. b. Adolescents who received comprehensive sex education had a lower risk of pregnancy than those who received abstinence-only education or no sex education. c. Many parents support comprehensive sex education programs in public schools. d. All of these are correct.
d
Compared to women, men are more likely to:
die from attempted suicide.
During middle and high school, female students tend to:
get higher grades than boys, but have more school-related stress.
Perimenopause is:
the life stage just before menopause.
Conception usually occurs in the:
upper third of the fallopian tube.
Which of the following actions is an example of primary prevention?
Quitting smoking to prevent lung disease
Sybil has delusions and frequently hears voices that are not there. Additionally, she is unable to manage her emotions and think clearly. As a result, she has no friends and cannot remain employed. Given this information, she is probably suffering from what disease?
Schizophrenia
