Honors World History Final Exam Review

successive forms of exploitative production and rebellions against them.

According to Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, history consisted of

They used the resources to glorify their court's architecture and art.

During the sixteenth century, to what use did Mughals put their increased global and local commerce?

False

For the Baron de Wimpffen, whites on St. Domingue formed one distinctive class of people.

that shoppers had time and money to spend on luxuries

For those who had risen out of the laboring classes, what did shopping symbolize?

The Dutch were Protestant and did not proselytize.

For what reason did the Tokugawa shoguns expel all foreign traders except the Dutch?

Real science entailed the formulation of hypotheses that could be tested in carefully controlled experiments.

Francis Bacon's method of scientific inquiry asserted which of the following?

the liberal aristocracy and the commercial middle class

From which groups did European nationalist movements draw their greatest number of supporters?

They established a stock exchange, a banking system, and a system for insuring cargoes.

How did Dutch merchants contribute to the development of European commerce?

Unlike cultures in China and the Islamic world, indigenous cultures in the Americas and the Pacific were undermined by contact with Europeans.

How did Europe's cultural exchanges with the Americas and the Pacific compare with its exchanges with China and the Islamic world?

There was a growing demand for factory workers in the cities.

In early nineteenth-century industrial societies, why did migration to urban areas increase so rapidly?

coffee, tea, and sugar

In the eighteenth century, global trade was stimulated consumption of which of the following products by poor people in Western Europe?

True

Jean-Léon Gérôme's Bashi-Bazouk (1868-69) is part of an artistic movement called realism.

True

Olaudah Equiano stated that he would rather have exchanged places with the meanest slave in his own country than remain on board a slave ship.

True

Silver, sugar, and enslaved people were considered the primary items responsible for the increase in global trade in the seventeenth century.

Corn (maize) replaced some traditional crops in China and Africa.

The Columbian Exchange led to which of the following?

It gave exclusive rights to import East Indian goods into England.

What advantage was provided by the English East India Company's royal charter?

Aztec and Incan practices that demanded labor from conquered villages

What did the Spanish use as a model for obtaining Amerindian labor for colonial mines?

to create a class that was Indian in blood but English in taste and culture

What was the primary goal of liberal European reformers, such as Lord Macaulay, concerning changes to India's educational and cultural systems?

They taught devotional strategies to prepare students to enter Sufi orders.

What was the role of the Ottomantekkes schools?

the expansion of literacy and the spread of critical thinking

What were some of the long-term consequences of the Enlightenment in the West?

Enlightenment ideas helped to justify their dissatisfaction with colonial rule.

Which of the following explains why Creoles in Spanish and Portuguese colonies were drawn to Enlightenment ideas?

a vast internal trade network

Which of the following factors led to China's economic expansion in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries?

weak rulers and conflict between ethnic groups

Which of the following factors made the Safavid Empire the most unstable of the large Muslim states?

European elites

Which of the following groups benefited most from the wealth generated by the Atlantic system?

China's internal market fueled its growth and culture, instead of the foreign trade that provided wealth to the Islamic Empires.

Which of the following reflects a difference between China and the Islamic Empires?

Luther was disgusted with corrupt church practices such as the selling of indulgences.

Which of the following sparked Martin Luther's challenge to the Catholic Church?

When a government becomes tyrannical, people have the right to rebel.

Which of the following statements is supported by John Locke's notion of the "social contract"?

Foreign trade brought in silver that advanced the economy, which helped the nobility prosper.

Which of the following supported the Mughal nobility's lavish lifestyle?

mass migration and the production of commodities for export

Which of the following were the primary techniques of early Portuguese expansion into the Indian Ocean?

to levy new taxes in order to improve his credit

Why did King Louis XVI summon the Estates-General into session in 1788?

Larger states were better equipped to compete for limited land and resources.

Why did small-scale settlements in southern Africa give way to larger states during the early nineteenth century?

Europeans' increased demand for Indian textiles

Aside from land rents, what was a major source of revenue for the Mughal emperors?

Native American women were crucial mediators between the French and the native tribes.

Which of the following best describes the initial relationship that developed between French North American colonists and Amerindians?

Catherine the Great annexed Ukraine after victories over the Ottomans.

Which of the following brought the Ukraine into Russian control?

The British East India Company created a monopoly on opium growing on lands it controlled in India.

Which of the following describes a British strategy to get the Qing to accept reciprocal trade goods instead of silver for tea and other Chinese exports?

Most of the slaves were men, who suffered high mortality rates due to overwork and poor conditions.

Why was it necessary to continue to import large numbers of African slaves to replenish labor on sugar plantations?

True

Both British American and Iberian American elites feared that slave uprisings could take place amid their respective revolutions.

nationalism and democracy

Calls for political revolution in the eighteenth-century Atlantic world relied on which of the following new ideas?

In Asia, European merchants were less dominant and therefore served as intermediaries in long-distance trade.

How did European seaborne commerce in Asia compare with its commerce in the Americas?

Actors, musicians, and courtesans, who were ordinarily at the bottom of the social hierarchy, were idolized.

How did popular culture in Tokugawa Japan subvert its social order?

India came under the British crown's direct control.

How did the British change their approach to ruling India after 1857?

It encouraged people to overturn social hierarchies and stop deferring to those who claimed higher rank.

How did the idea that "all men are created equal" affect revolutionary American society?

Europe became more powerful economically by exporting manufactured goods.

How did the industrial revolution affect Europe's relationships with other parts of the world?

Hong fused foreign and domestic traditions to pursue his aims.

How did the worldview and strategy of Hong Xiuquan differ from those of reform leaders in the Muslim world?

Chinese literature, legal thought, and religion had a significant influence.

How was Tokugawa Japan influenced by China?

Amsterdam had the most efficient money market, with the lowest interest rates in the world.

In 1600, what enabled the Dutch East India Company to raise ten times the capital that the English East India Company could raise?

It required European traders to have Chinese merchants act as guarantors for their good behavior and payment of fees.

In what way did the Canton system seek to control trade?

Both the Mayans and the Chinese formed alternative religions that combined Christian beliefs, symbols, and rituals with traditional beliefs and legends.

In what way did the Mayans who followed José María Barrera resemble the Chinese who followed Hong in the Taiping Rebellion?

Prisoners were to be removed from an environment that did not suit them and sent to a new one where they could reform.

In what way might the transporting of British outcasts and convicts to Australia be supported by an Enlightenment concept?

Akbar encouraged discussion between members of different religions, while Europeans fought for forty years to force religious conformity.

In what way was the rule of the Mughals under Akbar different from that of contemporary European monarchs?

popular sovereignty

On what idea could disparate groups of radicals agree?

A nation is a people sharing a common culture, language, and history.

On which of the following premises does the concept of popular sovereignty depend?

The Mayans escaped forced labor recruitment and social disruption because their territory lacked minerals and fertile land.

Prior to the mid-nineteenth century, how did the Mayan experience of colonial rule differ from that of other indigenous Mexican peoples?

dispossessed native peoples from their lands in order to accommodate a growing English settler population.

The English colonial model in the New World differed from that of other European states in that it

True

The Ming and early Qing Chinese accepted the mathematical and astronomical insights of Jesuit missionaries but rejected their religion and theology.

False

The Ming dynasty was the only Asian empire to survive the climate shock of the seventeenth century.

False

The Muslim empires of the Ottomans, Safavids, and Mughals firmly rejected the introduction of European culture and technology during this period.

False

The Safavid shahs' royal palace in Isfahan lacked the fortifications of Mughal and Ottoman rulers because the Safavids faced no military threats from outside their borders.

False

The first anticolonial uprisings in Spanish America were motivated by the example of the French Revolution.

True

The industrial revolution's new division of labor produced both greater wealth and increased inequality.

True

The movement of the Chinese capital from Nanjing to Beijing was made possible by the reopening of the Grand Canal.

False

The number of Africans sold into captivity in the Atlantic slave trade far exceeded that in the Muslim slave trade.

Slavery increased within Africa to provide labor for commercial crops such as palm oil and peanuts.

What effect did the end of the Atlantic slave trade have in Africa?

the steam engine

What invention transformed sugar refining, pottery making, and textile making?

sophisticated bronzes

What type of significant artwork was produced by the Oyo Empire and Benin?

physical characteristics, such as skin color, and social qualities

What types of characteristics did Linnaeus use to define racial categories?

Both were able to limit European traders to port cities.

What was a similarity between the Ming and the Mughal dynasties in the sixteenth century?

It failed to attract strong support from the landed gentry and other elite groups.

What was one of the reasons for the collapse of the Taiping Rebellion?

People increasingly worked to produce goods that they could sell in the global market instead of producing subsistence crops.

Which of the following accurately describes global trade in the mid-nineteenth century?

Both criticized the hypocrisy of French claims to Egyptians and Haitians.

Which of the following accurately describes the reactions of Abd al-Rahman al-Jabarti and the Haitian Declaration of Independence to French "proclamations"?

He believed that free and fair competition provided the best opportunity to produce wealth.

Which of the following did Adam Smith see as a valid reason for creating an economy with less government regulation?

new institutions such as stock markets and lending houses

Which of the following helped spur global commerce in the seventeenth century?

Military campaigns and a growing population strained the empire's resources.

Which of the following helped to destabilize the Ottoman Empire during the seventeenth century?

Initially, European colonists were overwhelmingly male.

Which of the following helps explain the degree of intermarriage between European men and native women in the Americas?

President Thomas Jefferson refused to recognize the new nation as he was worried that its success might inspire similar revolts in the United States.

Which of the following is a consequence of the revolution in Saint-Domingue?

Capturing free-born Muslims and selling them to European slave traders violated Islamic beliefs.

Which of the following is a reason why Fulani clerics opposed the West African slave trade?

The act stipulated that only English ships could carry goods between the mother country and its colonies.

Which of the following is a way that the English Navigation Act of 1651 promoted the economic policy of mercantilism?

The status of women declined as societies transitioned to hunting from horticulture.

Which of the following is an effect of the nomadic horse culture adopted by the Plains Indians?

Large herds of cattle and sheep foraged on land that had previously grown corn and squash.

Which of the following is an especially destructive example of Crosby's ecological imperialism?

cotton clothing

Which of the following is an example of a product that nonelite people could afford because of industrialization?

Many were fleeing serfdom and religious persecution.

Which of the following led Russians to migrate to Siberia?

The cost of printing declined as cylinders and steam power replaced hand-operated flat-bed presses.

Which of the following most directly led to the spread of seditious ideas through booklets such as Common Sense?

English monarchs were legally required to obtain the consent of Parliament in order to raise funds.

Which of the following prevented English monarchs, such as Queen Elizabeth I, from establishing an absolutist regime?

The influx of silver from the Americas created inflation, which undermined their economic autonomy.

Which of the following undermined the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal Empires?

Agrarian uprisings swept Eurasia because starving peasants were not able to pay high taxes.

Which of the following was a consequence of the Little Ice Age for Eurasian economies?

Central Europe's populations and economies did not recover for more than a century.

Which of the following was a consequence of the Thirty Years' War?

European states grew rich enough to wage almost unceasing wars against one another.

Which of the following was a consequence of the increasing wealth of European states?

Two different and previously separated biomes converged.

Which of the following was a major long-term consequence of Columbus's voyages?

building better clocks and navigational devices such as the chronometer

Which of the following was a practical application of the new astronomy?

Some Protestants requested support from the Ottoman Turks, asking them to attack the eastern sections of the Holy Roman Empire.

Which of the following was a way in which the spread of Protestant beliefs contributed to protracted warfare in Europe between the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries?

kinship and clan networks

Which of the following was essential to the Aztec state's legitimacy?

the trajectory of falling bodies on earth and planetary motion

Which of the following was explained by Newton's Principia Mathematica?

The Chinese ceded the island of Hong Kong to the British.

Which of the following was included in the 1842 Treaty of Nanjing?

European diseases spread rapidly among the Aztec warriors and elites.

Which of the following was the determinative factor in the Spaniards' conquest of the Aztecs?

The antislavery movement effectively lobbied for bans on the slave trade.

Why did the slave trade decline over the first half of the nineteenth century?

Silver was used to pay taxes and as money in internal markets.

Why was China's demand for silver so high during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?

They feared that it might generate revolts among the slaves or the Amerindians.

Why were elite Iberian Americans initially reluctant to embrace the idea of independence?

They were responding to the conquest of Constantinople and the rise of Ottoman power in the Mediterranean.

Why were the Portuguese and other Europeans motivated to find new routes to Asia?

Women longed for a way to address the social problems of poverty, prostitution, and the exploitation of workers.

Why were women especially drawn to Fourier's proposed reforms?